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Alla metà dell'Ottocento la maggior parte dei paesi asiatici fu costretta dall'arrivo delle potenze occidentali, in cerca di risorse e nuovi mercati, ad aprirsi, mettendo così fine a un lungo periodo di isolamento. A partire da quel momento, l'Asia è stata al centro di una serie di processi - guerre, rivoluzioni, occupazioni, industrializzazione - che hanno portato il continente ad assumere progressivamente un ruolo di assoluta centralità nel quadro politico ed economico contemporaneo. Muovendosi attraverso un orizzonte temporale lungo poco meno di due secoli, il volume ripercorre le principali tappe che hanno segnato le sorti di Cina, India, Corea, Giappone e Paesi del Sudest asiatico, sia dal punto di vista interno sia da quello internazionale.

Sin dal principio della propria campagna elettorale, nell’autunno del 2012, la futura presidentessa sudcoreana Pak Kŭnhye aveva posto una grande enfasi sulla creazione di una nuova politica “costruttiva” verso la Corea del Nord, volta a migliorare le relazioni sulla penisola e a dare un rinnovato slancio alla cooperazione inter-coreana. Il concetto che veniva posto come base di questa nuova politica era costituito dalla “fiducia”: tant’è vero che il neologismo coniato dalla candidata Pak per identificare la propria azione di governo verso P’yŏngyang era appunto Trustpolitik. Il rapido degenerare delle relazioni inter-coreane, quasi in contemporanea con l’insediamento del nuovo presidente, nel febbraio 2013, e l’incapacità della sua amministrazione di porsi alla guida del processo di riavvicinamento e cooperazione sulla penisola in maniera proattiva, minavano però sin da subito le possibilità di successo della Trustpolitik, e ne compromettevano in maniera quasi irreparabile gli sviluppi successivi. Data la grande enfasi posta sulla nozione di fiducia dall’amministrazione di Pak Kŭnhye, in questo articolo si partirà dalla disamina di tale concetto nelle scienze sociali, con particolare riferimento alle relazioni internazionali, cercando di evidenziare come qualsiasi strategia di costruzione della fiducia reciproca fra le parti necessiti di un ruolo attivo da parte di colui il quale se ne fa promotore. Successivamente, si passerà ad analizzare la genesi e lo sviluppo storico-politico della Trustpolitik, soffermandosi soprattutto sugli snodi cruciali delle relazioni inter-coreane negli ultimi tre anni. Infine, l’ultima parte sarà dedicata all’applicazione della prospettiva teorica sulla fiducia, elaborata nella prima sezione, al caso della politica di Pak Kŭnhye verso la Corea del Nord, cercando di sottolineare come la mancanza di un’ampia strategia proattiva da parte di Seoul abbia inficiato le possibilità di creare fiducia reciproca fra le parti e migliorare così le relazioni sulla penisola.

Roger Chartier é professor no Collège de France, na cátedra Écrit et cultures dans l’Europe modern, tendo sido diretor de estudos na École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales. Com freqüência ele profere conferências e ministra cursos de curta duração na América do Sul. Já lecionou em várias universidades dos Estados Unidos como professor convidado e exerceu leitorado em diversos países. Sua produção intelectual se destaca no campo da História Cultural, com trabalhos seminais a respeito das práticas de leitura na modernidade. Suas obras são referência quanto ao fazer historiográfico e ao estudo das representações, e as suas reflexões teóricas exploram os limites da História, levando-o a dialogar com a Literatura, Sociologia e Filosofia, motivo pelo qual é um grande interlocutor de Michel de Certeau, Pierre Bourdieu, Jorge Luis Borges e Michel Foucault.

We present a generalized effective poroelastic model for periodically layered media in the mesoscopic scale range, which accounts for both Biot’s global and interlayer wave-induced fluid flow, as well as for the anisotropy associated with the layering. Correspondingly, it correctly predicts the existence of the fast and slow P-waves as well as quasi and pure S-waves. The proposed analytical model is validated through comparisons of the P-wave and S-wave phase velocity dispersion and attenuation characteristics with those inferred from a one-dimensional numerical solution of Biot’s poroelastic equations of motion. We also compare our model with the classical mesoscopic model of White for a range of scenarios. The results demonstrate that accounting for both wave-induced fluid flow mechanisms is essential when Biot’s global flow prevails at frequencies that are comparable or smallerwith respect to those governing interlayer flow. This is likely to be the case in media of high permeability, such as, for example, unconsolidated sediments, clean sandstones, karstic carbonates, or fractured rocks. Conversely, when interlayer flow occurs at smaller frequencies with respect to Biot’s global flow, the predictions of this model are in agreement with White’s model, which is based on quasi-static poroelasticity., Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas

The division of the Korean peninsula is a unique case in the history of world politics and international relations. Also, it is still one of the main issues for the construction of a stable security regime in Northeast Asia. Finally, it is above all, the continuation of a "National Tragedy" that resulted in the loss of independence of the Korean people and the division of the Korean Nation, during and after Japanese colonial rule. Over the years, relations between the two Korean states have gone through ups and downs, often characterized by enmity and hostility. The first event in inter-Korean relations was in fact the Korean War (1950-53), which had the specific intent of reunifying the peninsula manu militari. Later, this attitude transformed into a hostile confrontation, until the establishment of a kind of “strategic rivalry” created space for timid experiments of cooperation. The end of the Cold War gave more freedom of action for the players involved, as well as a window of opportunity to intensify exchanges and cooperation between the two Koreas. In this context cooperation can be regarded as the key to the resolution of the inter-Korean dispute. In fact, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the North Korean regime managed to resist the crisis, avoid collapse and remain in power. The best chance for an improvement of the situation came from cooperation projects – in particular economic, cultural, humanitarian, military and even political– which made possible, in some specific historical periods, significant openings. In this dissertation I will start from outlining a theoretical paradigm of cooperation among states, that will be used to analyse the cooperative interactions that took place on the Korean peninsula. In particular, I will build a comprehensive model aimed at combining the different approaches to cooperation in existing literature. Great emphasis will be given to the strategies of creation of mutual trust in international relations, necessary to ensure long-term cooperation, and to engagement policies, seen as a constructive tool to begin a process of cooperation born from a situation of hostility. Afterwards, I will make a detailed reconstruction of the history of inter-Korean relations, paying greater attention to the historical phases in which the creation of episodes of cooperation has been possible. In this way, I will identify which were the conditions, both domestic and international, that made such developments possible. Finally, I will subject the cooperative relations on the peninsula to a detailed study through the theoretical framework outlined in the first part. In this way I will be able to assess the pre-conditions and causes of cooperation, as well as the results obtained and the effects on the political, economic and social equilibrium on the peninsula. In the latter part, particular attention will be given to the case of the construction of the joint industrial park in Kaesong and to economic cooperation, considered as one of the most promising possibilities toward building a peace-regime and the national reconciliation process.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-13T12:10:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-02-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-07-13T12:25:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000836016.pdf: 933881 bytes, checksum: 5d78960be87b5504a3ba1c958ad31aed (MD5) A emergência do punk no Brasil se deu em finais da ditadura militar tornando, para esse grupo de jovens, fundamentais os acontecimentos referentes à redemocratização, a Assembleia Constituinte e as eleições diretas. Não obstante, a nova democracia deu espaço a organizações políticas das mais diversas, as quais passaram a fazer parte do cotidiano dos brasileiros. Tais acontecimentos foram indispensáveis aos fanzines, que se empenharam em debatê-los e que, por vezes, buscaram neles inspiração para sua forma material e discursiva. Dessa maneira, os fanzines punks manifestam a bricolagem, inerente à estética punk, como eixo de suas práticas de leitura e práticas discursivas. Através de colagens de excertos de outros impressos, os fanzines subvertiam os sentidos iniciais dos recortes que empregavam inserindo-os nesses suportes de leitura de aparência confusa, que obrigam o leitor a divagar seus olhos pelas páginas. Não por acaso, eles fizeram parte da forma discursiva igualmente confusa e entrecortada, de difícil compreensão ao público externo ao punk, que se empenhou em restringir a violência interna do grupo e a representá-lo como um agente engajado na transformação do país e do mundo. Trata-se do discurso aqui denominado união e conscientização. The development of punk in Brazil happened by the end of the military dictatorship. It made essential, to this group of young people, the events concerning the redemocratization of the Constituent Assembly and the direct elections. However, this new democracy gave room to many different political organizations that became part of the Brazilian daily life. Such events were essential to fanzines, that made efforts to discuss them and, sometimes, looked into them for inspiration to their material and discursive form. Thus, punk fanzines manifest the concept of bricolage, inherent of the punk esthetics, as the axis of its discursive and reading practices. Through the collage of excerpts of other prints, fanzines subverted the original meanings of the cutouts they used, inserting them in reading supports of confuse appearance, making the reader divagate along the pages. Not coincidentally, they were part of a discursive form that sounded confuse and truncated, hard to understand for the public outside the punk subculture. This discourse made efforts in restricting the internal violence of the group and represent it as an agent committed to transforming the country and the world. Such discourse was named union and awareness.

The research aims to study of the effect of family ownership on the liability decision, and then it increases the knowledge on the accounting literature. Traditionally, accounting remains focused upon the actions of the firm and ignores the effects of the firm upon its external environment. However, a growing number of researchers have accepted that several effects of the firm influence the external environment and have suggested that one of the roles of accounting should be to report upon the impact of the firm in this respect. The methodology has two different frameworks. First, the literature review shows, by one hand, evidence of nonfamily owned firms than family owned firms to adopt and individualistic identity orientation, so they are motivated to firm self-interest and focus on financial performance (Bingham et al. 2010). By other hand, the liability decision making process, especially those that has the family as main shareholders of the firm (Agarwal & Nagarajan, 1990, Anderson & Reeb, 2003, 2004, Gomez-Mejía et al., 2007, Oro et al., 2008, and Puerto, 2010). Second, the empirical analysis is a longitudinal exploratory analysis based on the firms with shares listed on Bovespa Stock Exchange (São Paulo, Brasil) and the sample of 281 firms. The accounting information was collect from database Economática®, from which the classification is given of managers, controllers and family. Also, a series of hypotheses were prepared, which, once tested, the proposed relationship between liability and each firm of the sample. The authors used Benford’s law-based analysis, but because it produces strong support for the research hypothesis. The main results show the understanding of the liability decision in the context of family owned and nonfamily owned firms. Also, as an exploratory result, there is heterogeneity performing on the function of a standard of comparison and the test of the multivariate differences among firms reflect events occurring in an identical period with consequences in similarity of the business. Enthusiastically, it is observed that a firm can have a very significant effect upon its external image. Actually, it changes affect the liability decision through its activities. Also, it can be seen that these different effects, in some circumstances, are viewed as beneficial or as detrimental to the accountability of the firm.