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Underage marriages represent a specific form of marriage, established between underage partners, one or both of whom are minors. Underage marriage is a complex social phenomenon that withstands social changes, highlighting the relevance of this topic. The aim of the research of this paper is to look at the legal solutions concerning underage marriage in the Republic of Serbia with special reference to the legislations of France, England, Germany, Romania and Poland. By using the normative method, the authors will analyze the provisions of the most important laws that are relevant to the topic in the mentioned countries, while comparative analysis will reveal similarities and differences on issues related to underage marriage. Drawing on research that has examined the prevalence of underage marriages worldwide, the authors will present these findings to gain insights into the “real-life” situation, i.e., the prevalence of these marriages.

Parental control and supervision is considered one of the key factors in raising children. There are numerous studies and researches in the literature that have tried to prove the correlation between parental control and juvenile delinquency. The results of these studies have varied, sometimes confirming and sometimes denying a direct link between parental control and certain forms of juvenile delinquent behavior. However, the modern child and family go through a new socialization process that brings challenges for both children and parents. The goal of our paper is to clarify the terminological confusions present in this area and highlight the actuality of the issue of parental control over the behavior of minors. Through a review of existing domestic and foreign scientific literature, using quantitative and qualitative content analysis, comparative analysis and comparative and historical methods, we want to point out the importance of parental control and supervision in shaping the behavior of minors, with special reference to the manifestation of delinquent patterns. The results of our research indicate a significant correlation between different forms of parental control and supervision with the behavior of minors, with noticeable changes compared to traditional methods of control. The obtained results emphasize the need for educating and advising parents about modern achievements in this area, as well as providing support in adapting to new trends and security challenges, including the impact of information technology, social media and other factors that are now part of everyday life and were not present in the past. The practical importance of our research implies that the theoretical conclusions can be used as a basis for further research in the field of parental control and supervision, as well as juvenile delinquency, with the aim of developing measures for its prevention.

As defined by the law, a bank is a stock company with the head office in the Republic of Serbia, which has a National Bank of Serbia licence for work and which performs deposit and credit activities, and which may also perform other activities according to the law. The number and variety of the forms which may be assumed by economic crime is extremely dynamic and, consequently, complex. This particularly pertains to the forms of economic crime in banking operations, considering the fact that such activities are very important for business and legal operations in national economies. A significant characteristic of current banking operations is the wide application of information and communication technologies, without which no modern business field may be conceived. Taking the primary topic into account, the paper initially treats the definition and the basic features of economic crime and the criminological characteristics of the forms assumed by economic crime in banking operations. This is followed by a focus on the normative aspect of the criminal and legal regulations of the Republic of Serbia in the sphere of norms concerning criminal acts of economic crime in banking operations, whereas the research part of the paper deals with the frequency of criminal acts of economic crime in banking operations when the work of judicial authorities in Serbia is concerned, bearing in mind the criminal proceedings conducted against adult perpetrators. Methodology-wise, the paper is founded on the theoretical analysis of relevant modern stands in theory, the normative, analytical and deductive methodological framework and the basic quantitative data analysis. The primary legislative source consulted in the research section of the paper is the Criminal Code. The reference period analyzed in this section is the 2018-2020 three-year period, and the data which are analyzed are the officially registered data of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia.

Domestic violence, regardless of how it is manifested, represents a phenomenon which has recently attracted more and more significant doctrinal and media attention and it is a very complex problem. There are numerous questions about domestic violence to which this paper tried to provide answers. However, it is important to point out that domestic violence is not the only type of violence to which a child can be exposed, or to which he/she can be connected in an indirect or direct way. Bearing in mind that one form of violence predominantly causes and entails the other forms of violence to which a child can be exposed, and even find him/herself in the capacity of being a bully, the authors of the paper considered it important to briefly mention the other forms of violence in which the center of attention can be the child, such as digital violence and violence in schools. The focus of the paper has certainly concerned the position of the child in situations where violence against one of the parents (mostly against the mother) by the other parent (mostly the father) occurs. The conclusion is that the direct or indirect child’s presence and/or his/her knowledge of the violence suffered by the mother is actually an extremely negative pattern of behavior being adopted by the majority of children during their development.

For centuries, migrations have been features of social communities, and it is quite certain they will remain so in the future. However, what marks certain periods or circumstances are the causes of migrations, their manifestations, extent, dynamics, the general directions of migrant movement, and the corresponding effects on the safety of individuals, regions, and even international security. In this paper we have defined what migrations are and discussed their effect on human trafficking – one of the most dangerous forms of organised crime – and the security challenges in this domain in the European Union area, also with regard to international security. In terms of the variety of its exploitative objectives, human trafficking is an international, organised, criminal phenomenon with severe consequences on the security, well-being, and human rights of its victims. In the opinion of many, sexual exploitation is one of the most widespread forms of exploitation of human trafficking victims in practice. According to data available to Europol, 10,000 migrant children have so far disappeared after their arrival on European soil. The scope and dynamics of migratory movements of the last few years, and their relation to numerous illegal activities, certainly affect the security of individuals and regions, as well as international security. It is important to consider whether the European Union, in attempting to protect the national security of EU states by numerous restrictive measures, has achieved that in reality, or has actually produced the opposite effect in this area.

Violence against women and domestic violence has attracted a lot of attention of the scientific community over the last 30 years. During that period, this topic assumed a very important place in all international agendas and was tackled by the most important international organizations and associations. The Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, i.e. the Istanbul Convention, is one of the basic international documents which has had an influence on numerous legislations of European countries in the field of gender equality and domestic violence. The aim of this paper is to show by a comparative method and through analysis and review of available literature the advantages of the Istanbul Convention and its importance for gender equality through a review of the literature, and also to point out the criticisms attributed to it. Research results have shown that the difference between sex and gender equality is a stumbling block and a serious objection in countries with traditional, nationalist and hard autocratic regimes. Also, most European countries have fully implemented the Istanbul Convention in their legislation and thus significantly contributed to gender equality and protection of women from abuse and domestic violence. The discussion shall focus on the importance of adopting a new convention or resolution at the level of the United Nations (UN), which would cover all contentious issues related to violence against women and domestic violence, and which would be binding on all members.

The first part of the paper deals with the theoretical analysis of the interactive relationship between environment and tourism, while the second part deals with the analysis of air pollutants in the territory of the City of Novi Sad according to four indicators, within the framework of air quality monitoring, based on programmatic documents for protection of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina and the City of Novi Sad. The analysis of the available data was the basis for considering the potential implications of the results on the development of tourism in the territory of the City of Novi Sad. The conclusions that have been drawn indicate that almost all indicators (except benzene) individually record day-to-day variable values in both periods. One of the general goals of the environmental policy of the City of Novi Sad is precisely the improvement of the system of monitoring and reporting on the state of the environment. The Decree establishing the list of air quality categories by zones and agglomerations in the Republic of Serbia for 2017 confirms that the air quality in the agglomeration ‘’ Novi Sad ‘’ belongs to the first category and concludes that the City of Novi Sad has fulfilled the necessary conditions (in in terms of air quality as a segment of the environmental component) for the further development and promotion of tourism.

The Act on Enforcement and Security in the part of the enforcement in family disputes grants the signicificant powers to social work centers as guardianship authorities. First of all, these powers relate to the ability of the guardianship authority to initiate an executive procedure, participate in it,both as a party and as a third participant. By the most recent amendments to the Act on Enforcement and Security from 2016, which came into force on 1st January 2020, there was significantly changed the role of the guardianship authorities in the enforcement procedure, during taking away and giving over the child as the most important enforcement procedure in the area of family disputes. In the paper,the authors analyze the provisions that came into force on the basis of the amendments to the existing law.

The paper analyses the practical application of pre accession funds in the function of regional development, in the case of development of cross-border cooperation of AP Vojvodina in the period 2007-2013. The results obtained point to the fact that the districts in AP Vojvodina are with the most attracted assets and applicants in the period of IPA programme implementation: South Bačka district (cross border cooperation - Hungary and Serbia) and South Banat district (cross-border cooperation - Romania and Serbia); that most assets and most projects were realised in cross border cooperation between Hungary and Serbia; that the participation of realised assets in AP Vojvodina are the following: Hungary - Serbia: 27,35%; Romania - Serbia: 12,98%; Croatia - Serbia: 1,64%; Bosnia and Herzegovina - Serbia: 0,21%. Within the conclusion, an overview was made of the possibilities of the use of IPA II programme for the period 2014-2020 by AP Vojvodina.

Damage in agricultural production can be crucial for the economy of a state, especially in countries where agricultural production prevails in the gross national income, as it is the case with Serbia. However, it is equally important that our agricultural producers manage incomes and expenditures in an efficient manner and optimize profit per surface unit, which is the basis of their business. Insurance plays an important part in the protection of the income statement of every agricultural producer as insurance costs are at the level of 1.5% to 2% on average of the production value, i.e. they are very low and saving on insurance could lead to the loss of the total yield and consequently total profit. However, agricultural insurance in Serbia is not developed enough. The states attempt to boost insurance development amounts to insurance subsidies, which, in the period of the implementation of this regulation, i.e. since 2006, has raised awareness of the need of such a type of protection of agricultural producers.

The work is a synthesis of three important aspects in the approach to the environment, on the basis of which it is possible to meet its normative defnition and understanding of the situation in practice. Given this basis it is possible to separate international, general and criminal legal area of its normative regulation. Each of these aspects is equally important in getting to know the area of the environment in our country. Hence, it is used in expanding the methodological approach which comprises a number of methods (legal, social, statistically, systematically et al.). In addition to the theoretical part of the work an important aspect is the research pertinent to scope and dynamics of criminal acts against the environment in the country. The results are tabulated on the basis of which conclusions are derived as well as suggestions de le ferenda. Timeframe of the research covers the period 2011-2015. year and is based on information contained in the bulletins RSO. We believe that the fve-year period in determining the oscillating trends in the feld of criminal law protection of the environment provides suffcient referral. In the fnal part of the paper, a detailed analysis of material is presented as well as a critical review of the presence of inconsistency between the normative and the real situation in the feld of environmental protection.

This paper elaborates financial mechanisms for financing energy efficiency with particular emphasis on the resources from financial institutions and equity funds and capital from the companies themselves. By conducting relevant academic research of literature and data from print and electronic sources (statistical reports, laws and regulations, statements of companies and financial institutions), as well as from the practical experience of some countries, it has been observed that the poor representation of adapted financial mechanisms is a major constraint to the emergence of a culture of energy efficiency in most countries, including Serbia. Even where they exist they are not necessarily known to make use of successful experiences. By conducting an analysis of the relevant academic literature and an analysis of practical experiences in the domain of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources it was concluded that energy efficiency is a significant potential for growth of the economic strength of Serbia, and therefore incentives should nfluence a greater use of renewable energy and a reduction in use of the fossil fuels as an energy source.

Nowadays, in Serbia, almost 30% of families live without any income. Unemployment is the biggest source of disorders, and, according to some authors, it is the source of all pathologies degrading human personality. In order some fundamental changes to be made, the traditional Serbian families and system of high quality values to be preserved, it is necessary, starting from primary school, to educate both children and parents, because, in many cases, they do not notice a problem, and consequently they do not know how to treat it adequately. In this paper the author analyzes the relationship between the family and social phenomenon of unemployment primarily through its impact on children in the family. The paper is based on the research conducted on the territory of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. Through the conclusions the author makes certain suggestions, which, in the future, should lead to the stabilization of the undermined role of the family in our society.

In the case of an unauthorized disposal of third party creditor assets, the third party creditor’s rights are transformed into the right of obligation – the right to compensation. If particular assets were disposed of after the initiation of a bankruptcy proceedings or during a preliminary bankruptcy proceedings, after a provisional trustee had taken office, the compensation being equal to the market value of assets shall form a part of bankruptcy assets and shall be settled with priority before the payment of the other creditors’ claims. However, if the assets were disposed of prior to previously mentioned phases of a bankruptcy proceedings, a third party creditor may require to delegate to him the right to counter-action if it had not been effectuated, and if it had, the third party creditor has the right to compensation as an unsecured creditor from the third payment class, and his claim shall be settled by the application of a principle of proportional settlement, as a fundamental principle of a bankruptcy proceedings.

Earnest-money has a wide range of application in a practice if we are talking about two-sided contract law agreements. It is a kind of a true, real guarantee of fulfilling the agreed obligations. Earnest-money realizes its function of a guaranteed obligation in the sense of a psychological pressure on a debtor to fulfill his obligation. The realization of the earnest-money depends on the realization of the main contract. The party providing earnest-money is obliged to give it to the other party at the time of signing a contract. The abandonment should be paid only if there is an usage of the right to the abandonment of the contract. The agreed punishment serves as a compensation for a damage which a creditor has suffered because of a breach of contract. So, besides a preventive effect, it has a repressive one too.

At issue is family violence which exists as a phenomenon but is not sufficiently focused on in many countries.There are still countries in vich family is not(according to the low) a crime.Family violence is behavior in vich one family member endangers the physical and mental safety and vell-being of another family member.Family violence occurs in the forms of phsysical violence,mental violence,seksual violence and economic violence. In the Republic of Serbia family violence,as a separate criminal act, was recognized only recently. It was first regulated by provisions of the penal code,and later the family low. The penal code had previosly recognized criminal acts against marriage and the family,but family violence as a separate criminal act was introduced only in 2003, vith changes and amendments to the previous law. The family low introduced into Serbian legislation with the new code in 2005 family violence,protection from family violence.

Generally speaking, one of the most important achievments of a marital and extramarital union represents an issue of legal support. The responsibility of support is regulated in detail by the Family law from 2005. By introducing a legal standard of „An obvious injustice for debtor of support“, a lawmaker has, for ethical reasons in the first place, reduced a possibility of misusing the right to legal support and strengthened the role of the court in making competent decisions related to the request of the parties.

Matter of public finances doesn’t belong to the cycle of fundamental questions of so-called materie constitutionis. However main principle of socio-economic system of one political community, in which question of public finances is one of basic is regulation of every modern constitution. This scientific work is focusing on norms relevant for the question of public finances, which are contained in Constitution of Republic of Serbia and in proposal of new Statute of Vojvodina Province, and will consist, after Statute goes into effect, the largest number of norms already contained in constitutional system of Serbia. Substances referring to public finances are not considered only in part which contains them under the title. Questions directly or indirectly related to public finances can be found besides the following, in part about human and minority rights and freedom, Republic authority, separation of powers and territorial structure. Part of constitution referring to public finances is deficient. According to article 91 of the Low, resources for financing Republic regulation, province and local authority are providing from taxes and other incomes defined by the law, which also defines budget regulation, public debts, proper regional development, and Central bank and Governmental revision institution. Former constitution, as the difference from the existing one, made important changes in system of public finances in Serbia. Guaranteeing province and units of local authority the right for incomes, Republic of Serbia demonstrated determination for general decentralization, including fiscal without which is illusory to talk about any other. Through tax legislation and other financial laws constitutional regulation will get acquire meaning.

Peaceful settlement of disputes is essential for the protection of individual and collective rights of workers in one country. Each of the countries in the world that is normatively arranged this issue, put the importance of the implementation of this model of resolving conflicts between employers and workers, which are related to their individual and collective rights. With the goal of peaceful settlement of disputes is a desire to be advised of the possible conflicts, and peacefully resolve the problems between workers and employers. The European practice has demonstrated a high degree of efficiency of this method in solving business disputes.

The author has tried to point out the importance of the analysis and parallel contemplation of experiences in the process of reforming of legal systems in the field of work and working relationships which will be expected to happen in our country in the process of the European integrations as being in the position of the potential candidate for the membership. The exchange of mutual experiences can be a valuable source of support and solving possible unknowns, but also a basis for parallel contemplation and understanding of the process through which the countries closed to us, not only concerning a territory, but also some aspects of similar historical and social-political circumstances and neighbouring connections, are supposed to be passing. In the paper work there is considered a report made and sent to the European commission by twelve countries last being joined to the European Union and there are given their conclusions referring to the evolution happened in the field of working law and working relationships.

The aim of this paper is to point on the importance of laborer participation in management, that has been, especially in our county, unjustifiably neglected. The facts that laborer participation in management exists, regardless to the ways it is accomplished, and to the questions it refers to, institutional mechanisms where it acts, it presents one of the best indicators that a society has socially acceptable qualities. At the same time, total lack of this phenomenon presents an indicator of mutual mistrust between certain social groups and unfair division of the roles in a society.

It is clear that the suppression of negative social trends requires a long time period and projected and properly directed actions. We hope that we can trace the beginning of such action in the current situation in Serbria and that the steps taken will be carried out until the end and will bring to that which is the most important – the result in increasing the rate of employment of youth in our country.

The distribution of public income on different state institutions is of decisive importance. If not based on the principals that are the foundation of a state, what is obvious in the distribution of competence and the ways of their accomplishing, it will be a constant source of conflicts, an obstacle for development and a cause that may bring disintegration process. Taxes provide a spectrum of extra fiscal means. They may solve many economic, social but also political problems. Therefore, it is important to improve the system of fiscal decentralization. The system of bound separation for the largest number of incomes and participation in aboundant resources have been introduced in the countries similar to our. An exception is a free separation that is the most optimal mean for regulating the relations on different levels of a state.

Decentralizacija fiskalnog sistema jedne države zahteva pružanje odgovora na više pitanja. Najznačajnije pitanje, svakako, je raspodela javnih rashoda, jer se finansiranje određuje prema potrebama. Takođe, nemanje važno pitanje je i raspodela javnih prihoda. Značajno je navesti kako u različitim državama deluju različiti faktori koji utiču na stvaranje društveno-političkog i ekonomskog sistema, a takođe i na stvaranje fiskalnog sistema. Evropska Povelja o lokalnoj samoupravi predstavlja instrument za definisanje i zaštitu principa lokalne autonomije, i predstavlja jedan od stubova demokratije koju Veće Evrope brani i razvija kao temeljnu evropsku vrednost. Cilj Povelje je da ispravi nedostatke zajedničkih evropskih standarda za ocenu i zaštitu prava lokalnih organa vlasti, te da se građanima pruži mogućnost učešća u donošenju odluka koje se tiču njihovog svakodnevnog života.

Parental control and supervision is considered one of the key factors in raising children. There are numerous studies and researches in the literature that have tried to prove the correlation between parental control and juvenile delinquency. The results of these studies have varied, sometimes confirming and sometimes denying a direct link between parental control and certain forms of juvenile delinquent behavior. However, the modern child and family go through a new socialization process that brings challenges for both children and parents. The goal of our paper is to clarify the terminological confusions present in this area and highlight the actuality of the issue of parental control over the behavior of minors. Through a review of existing domestic and foreign scientific literature, using quantitative and qualitative content analysis, comparative analysis and comparative and historical methods, we want to point out the importance of parental control and supervision in shaping the behavior of minors, with special reference to the manifestation of delinquent patterns. The results of our research indicate a significant correlation between different forms of parental control and supervision with the behavior of minors, with noticeable changes compared to traditional methods of control. The obtained results emphasize the need for educating and advising parents about modern achievements in this area, as well as providing support in adapting to new trends and security challenges, including the impact of information technology, social media and other factors that are now part of everyday life and were not present in the past. The practical importance of our research implies that the theoretical conclusions can be used as a basis for further research in the field of parental control and supervision, as well as juvenile delinquency, with the aim of developing measures for its prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]