Search

Current study contains adaption of Haar wavelet discretization method (HWDM) for FG beams and its accuracy estimates. The convergence analysis is performed for differential equations covering a wide class of composite and nanostructures. Corresponding error bound has been derived. It has been shown that the order of convergence of the HWDM can be increased from two to four by applying Richardson extrapolation method. The theoretical estimates are validated by numerical samples considering FGM beam as a model problem. The results obtained by applying HWDM are compared with the results of finite difference method (FDM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An evaluation was made of the performance of a commercial industrial-scale ultrafiltration (UF)-based process for treatment of highly concentrated oily wastewaters. Wastewater samples were gathered from two plants treating industrial wastewaters in 2008, and in 2011 (only from one of the plants), from three points of a UF-based treatment train. The wastewater samples were analyzed by measuring the BOD7, COD, TOC and total surface charge (TSC). The inorganic content and zeta potentials of the samples were analyzed and GC-FID/MS analyses were performed. The removal performances of BOD7, COD, TOC and TSC in 2008 and 2011 for both plants were very high. Initial concentrations of contaminants in 2011 were lower than in 2008, therefore the COD and TSC reductions were also lower in 2011 than three years before. Regardless of the high performance of UF-based processes in both plants, at times the residual concentrations were considerable. This could be explained by the high initial concentrations and also by the presence of the dissolved compounds that were characterized. Linear correlation was observed between COD and TOC, and between COD and TSC. The correlation between COD and TSC could be utilized for process control purposes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective:To determine the effects of oat products with increasing β-glucan content on the glycemic (GI) and insulin indexes (II) of oat products, and to establish the effect of physical properties of β-glucan on these physiological responses.Design:Test group (n=10) randomly attended to three glucose tolerance tests and glycemic response tests for four oat bran products.Settings:Functional Foods Forum and the Department of Food Chemistry, University of Turku, and the Department of Food Technology, University of Helsinki.Subjects:One male and nine female volunteers were recruited from university students and staff, and all completed the study.Interventions:GI and II of different products were calculated for each subject using the average of parallel glucose tolerance tests and the subsequent glycemic/insulinemic responses for each product. Average indexes for products were calculated according to the individual data.Results:The glycemic responses to oat products with increasing amounts of β-glucan had lower peak values than the reference glucose load. The amount of extractable β-glucan had a high correlation between the glycemic and insulinemic response.Conclusion:In addition to the total amount of β-glucan in oat products, the amount of extractable β-glucan in oat products explains the magnitude of the decrease in glycemic responses to carbohydrate products.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2007) 61, 779–785; doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602561; published online 6 December 2006 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]