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Aim: To propose a new multimodal imaging agent targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques in Alzheimer’s disease. Materials & methods: A new generation of hybrid contrast agents, based on gadolinium fluoride nanoparticles grafted with a pentameric luminescent-conjugated polythiophene, was designed, extensively characterized and evaluated in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease through MRI, two-photon microscopy and synchrotron x-ray phase-contrast imaging. Results & conclusion: Two different grafting densities of luminescent-conjugated polythiophene were achieved while preserving colloidal stability and fluorescent properties, and without affecting biodistribution. In vivo brain uptake was dependent on the blood–brain barrier status. Nevertheless, multimodal imaging showed successful Aβ targeting in both transgenic mice and Aβ fibril-injected rats.

Background: The apolipoprotein E (APOE, gene; apoE, protein) ε4 allele is the most common identified genetic risk factor for typical late-onset sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Each APOE ε4 allele roughly triples the relative risk for AD compared to that of the reference allele, APOE ε3. Methods: We have employed hyperspectral fluorescence imaging with an amyloid-specific, conformation-sensing probe, p-FTAA, to elucidate protein aggregate structure and morphology in fresh frozen prefrontal cortex samples from human postmortem AD brain tissue samples from patients homozygous for either APOE ε3 or APOE ε4. Results: As expected APOE ε4/ε4 tissues had significantly larger load of CAA than APOE ε3/ε3. APOE isoform-dependent morphological differences in amyloid plaques were also observed. Amyloid plaques in APOE ε3/ε3 tissue had small spherical cores and large corona while amyloid plaques in APOE ε4/ε4 tissues had large irregular and multi-lobulated plaques with relatively smaller corona. Despite the different morphologies of their cores, the p-FTAA stained APOE ε3/ε3 amyloid plaque cores had spectral properties identical to those of APOE ε4/ε4 plaque cores. Conclusions: These data support the hypothesis that one mechanism by which the APOE ε4 allele affects AD is by modulating the macrostructure of pathological protein deposits in brain. APOE ε4 is associated with a higher density of amyloid plaques (as compared to APOE ε3). We speculate that multilobulated APOE e4-associated plaques arise from multiple initiation foci that coalesce as the plaques grow.

Biomimetic chiral optoelectronic materials can be utilized in electronic devices, biosensors and artificial enzymes. Herein, this work reports the chiro-optical properties and architectural arrangement of optoelectronic materials generated from self-assembly of initially nonchiral oligothiophene-porphyrin derivatives and random coil synthetic peptides. The photo-physical- and structural properties of the materials were assessed by absorption-, fluorescence- and circular dichroism spectroscopy, as well as dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and theoretical calculations. The materials display a three-dimensional ordered helical structure and optical activity that are observed due to an induced chirality of the optoelectronic element upon interaction with the peptide. Both these properties are influenced by the chemical composition of the oligothiophene-porphyrin derivative, as well as the peptide sequence. We foresee that our findings will aid in developing self-assembled optoelectronic materials with dynamic architectonical accuracies, as well as offer the possibility to generate the next generation of materials for a variety of bioelectronic applications. Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council [621-2013-4754, 2016-00748, 2018-4343]; Swedish e-Science Research Centre (SeRC); Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research [FFL15-0026]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (ERDF/ESF "Nano4Future") [CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000754]; EC Research Innovation Action under the H2020 Programme [HPC-EUROPA3 INFRAIA-2016-1-730897]

The bi-thiophene-vinylene-benzothiazole (bTVBT4) ligand developed for Alzheimers disease (AD)-specific detection of amyloid tau has been studied by a combination of several theoretical methods and experimental spectroscopies. With reference to the cryo-EM tau structure of the tau protofilament (Nature 2017, 547, 185), a periodic model system of the fibril was created, and the interactions between this fibril and bTVBT4 were studied with nonbiased molecular dynamics simulations. Several binding sites and binding modes were identified and analyzed, and the results for the most prevailing fibril site and ligand modes are presented. A key validation of the simulation work is provided by the favorable comparison of the theoretical and experimental absorption spectra of bTVBT4 in solution and bound to the protein. It is conclusively shown that the ligand-protein binding occurs at the hydrophobic pocket defined by the residues Ile360, Thr361, and His362. This binding site is not accessible in the Picks disease (PiD) fold, and fluorescence imaging of bTVBT4-stained brain tissue samples from patients diagnosed with AD and PiD provides strong support for the proposed tau binding site. Funding Agencies|European CommissionEuropean CommissionEuropean Commission Joint Research Centre [765739]; Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research CouncilEuropean Commission [2018-4343, 2016-07213]; Swedish e-Science Research Centre (SeRC); German Research FoundationGerman Research Foundation (DFG) [KO 5423/1-1]; U.S. National Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [UO1NS110437]

Control over the photophysical properties and molecular organization of π‐conjugated oligothiophenes is essential to their use in organic electronics. Herein we synthesized and characterized a variety of anionic pentameric oligothiophenes with different substitution patterns of L‐ or D‐tyrosine at distinct positions along the thiophene backbone. Spectroscopic, microscopic, and theoretical studies of L‐ or D‐tyrosine substituted pentameric oligothiophene conjugates revealed the formation of optically active π‐stacked self‐assembled aggregates under acid conditions. The distinct photophysical characteristics, as well as the supramolecular structures of the assemblies, were highly influenced by the positioning of the L‐ or D‐tyrosine moieties along the thiophene backbone. Overall, the obtained results clearly demonstrate how fundamental changes in the position of the enantiomeric side‐chain functionalities greatly affect the optical properties as well as the architecture of the self‐assembled supramolecular structures., Chiral construction: Distinct positioning of enantiomeric substituents along the conjugated backbone governs the chiro‐optical properties and the molecular arrangement of pentameric oligothiophenes. Relocating tyrosine residues from the β‐positions to the terminal α‐positions of the oligothiophene backbone had large effects on the induced circular dichroism and the structure of the self‐assembled supramolecular structures.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive therapeutic modality based on the interaction between a photosensitive molecule called photosensitizer (PS) and visible light irradiation in the presence of oxygen molecule. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), an efficient and widely used PS, is hampered in clinical PDT by its poor water-solubility and tendency to self-aggregate. These features are strongly related to the PS hydrophilic–lipophilic balance. In order to improve the chemical properties of PpIX, a series of amphiphilic PpIX derivatives endowed with PEG550 headgroups and hydrogenated or fluorinated tails was synthetized. Hydrophilic–lipophilic balance (HLB) and log p-values were computed for all of the prepared compounds. Their photochemical properties (spectroscopic characterization, photobleaching, and singlet oxygen quantum yield) were also evaluated followed by the in vitro studies of their cellular uptake, subcellular localization, and photocytotoxicity on three tumor cell lines (4T1, scc-U8, and WiDr cell lines). The results confirm the therapeutic potency of these new PpIX derivatives. Indeed, while all of the derivatives were perfectly water soluble, some of them exhibited an improved photodynamic effect compared to the parent PpIX.

Amyloid specific fluorescent probes are becoming an important tool for studies of disease progression and conformational polymorphisms in diseases related to protein misfolding and aggregation such as localized and systemic amyloidosis. Herein, it is demonstrated that using the amyloid specific fluorescent probes pFTAA and benzostyryl capped benzothiadiazole BTD21, structural polymorphisms of insulin amyloids are imaged in localized insulin-derived amyloid aggregates formed at subcutaneous insulin-injection sites in patients with diabetes. It is also found that pFTAA and BTD21 could discriminate structural polymorphisms of insulin amyloids, so called fibrils and filaments, formed in vitro. In addition, it is shown that insulin drug preparations used for treating diabetes formed various types of amyloid aggregates that can be assessed and quantified using pFTAA and BTD21. Interestingly, incubated pFTAA-positive insulin preparation aggregates show cytotoxicity while BTD21-positive aggregates are less toxic. From these observations, a variety of amyloid polymorphic structures with different cytotoxicities formed both in vivo and in vitro by various insulin preparations are proposed. Funding Agencies|JSPS KAKENHIMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) [19H02527, 17K08708, 15K08597]; Ehime University Research Unit; Swedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council [2015-05868, 2015-04521, 2019-04405]

Real time

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive therapeutic modality based on the interaction between a photosensitive molecule called photosensitizer (PS) and visible light irradiation in the presence of oxygen molecule. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), an efficient and widely used PS, is hampered in clinical PDT by its poor water-solubility and tendency to self-aggregate. These features are strongly related to the PS hydrophilic-lipophilic balance. In order to improve the chemical properties of PpIX, a series of amphiphilic PpIX derivatives endowed with PEG

Neuroinflammation is a process common to several brain pathologies. Despites its medical relevance, it still remains poorly understood; there is therefore a need to develop new in vivo preclinical imaging strategies to monitor inflammatory processes longitudinally. We here present the development of a hybrid imaging nanoprobe named NP3, that was specifically designed to get internalized by phagocytic cells and imaged in vivo with MRI and bi-photon microscopy. NP3 is composed of a 16 nm core of gadolinium fluoride (GdF3), coated with bisphosphonate polyethylene glycol (PEG) and functionalized with a Lemke-type fluorophore. It has a hydrodynamic diameter of 28 ± 8 nm and a zeta potential of -42 ± 6 mV. The MR relaxivity ratio at 7 T is r1/r2 = 20; therefore, NP3 is well suited as a T2/T2* contrast agent. In vitro cytotoxicity assessments performed on four human cell lines revealed no toxic effects of NP3. In addition, NP3 is internalized by macrophages in vitro without inducing inflammation or cytotoxicity. In vivo, uptake of NP3 has been observed in the spleen and the liver. NP3 has a prolonged vascular remanence, which is an advantage for macrophage uptake in vivo. The proof-of-concept that NP3 may be used as a contrast agent targeting phagocytic cells is provided in an animal model of ischemic stroke in transgenic CX3CR1-GFP/+ mice using three complementary imaging modalities: MRI, intravital two-photon microscopy and phase contrast imaging with synchrotron X-rays. In summary, NP3 is a promising preclinical tool for the multiscale and multimodal investigation of neuroinflammation.

Insulin balls, localized insulin amyloids formed at subcutaneous insulin-injection sites in patients with diabetes, cause poor glycemic control owing to impairments in insulin absorption. Our previous study has shown that some insulin balls are cytotoxic, but others are not, implying amyloid polymorphism. Interestingly, the patient with toxic insulin balls had been treated with antibiotic minocycline, suggesting a possible relationship between toxicity of insulin balls and minocycline. However, the direct effect of minocycline on the structure and cytotoxicity of the insulin amyloid is still unclear. Herein, we demonstrated that that minocycline at physiological concentrations induced degradation of insulin amyloids formed from human insulin and insulin drug preparations used for diabetes patients. Interestingly, the process involved the initial appearance of the toxic species, which subsequently changed into less-toxic species. It is also shown that the structure of the toxic species was similar to that of sonicated fragments of human insulin amyloids. Our study shed new light on the clarification of the revelation of insulin balls and the development of the insulin analogs for diabetes therapy., Scientific Reports, 11 (1), ISSN:2045-2322

Intrinsically fluorescent carbon dots may form the basis for a safer and more accurate sensor technology for digital counting in bioanalytical assays. This work presents a simple and inexpensive synthesis method for producing fluorescent carbon dots embedded in hollow silica particles. Hydrothermal treatment at low temperature (160 °C) of microporous silica particles in presence of urea and citric acid results in fluorescent, microporous and hollow nanocomposites with a surface area of 12 m2 /g. High absolute zeta potential (-44 mV) at neutral pH demonstrates the high electrosteric stability of the nanocomposites in aqueous solution. Their fluorescence emission at 445 nm is remarkably stable in aqueous dispersion under a wide pH range (3-12) and in the dried state. The biocompatibility of the composite particles is excellent, as the particles were found to show low genotoxicity at exposures up to 10 μg/cm2 .

International audience; Neuroinflammation is a process common to several brain pathologies. Despites its medical relevance, it still remains poorly understood; there is therefore a need to develop new in vivo imaging strategies to monitor inflammatory processes longitudinally. We here present the development of a hybrid imaging nanoprobe named NP3, that was specifically designed to get internalized by phagocytic cells and imaged in vivo with MRI and bi-photon microscopy. NP3 is composed of a 16 nm core of gadolinium fluoride (GdF3), coated with bisphosphonate polyethylene glycol (PEG) and functionalized with a Lemke-type fluorophore (LEM-A). It has a hydrodynamic diameter of 28±8 nm and a zeta potential of-42±6 mV. The MR relaxivity ratio at 7T is r1/r2 = 20; therefore, NP3 is well suited as a T2/T2* contrast agent. In vitro cytotoxicity assessments performed on four human cell lines revealed no toxic effects of NP3. In addition, NP3 is internalized by macrophages in vitro without inducing inflammation or cytotoxicity. In vivo, uptake of NP3 has been observed in the spleen and the liver. NP3 has a prolonged vascular remanence, which is an advantage for macrophage uptake in vivo. The proof-of-concept that NP3 may be used as a contrast agent targeting phagocytic cells is provided in an animal model of ischemic stroke in transgenic CX3CR1-GFP/+ mice using three complementary imaging modalities: MRI, intravital two-photon microscopy and phase contrast imaging with synchrotron X-rays. In summary, 2 NP3 is a promising preclinical tool for the multiscale and multimodal investigation of neuroinflammation.

A current trend within photo-dynamic therapy (PDT) is the development of molecular systems targeting hypoxic tumors. Thus, type I PDT sensitizers could here overcome traditional type II molecular systems that rely on the photo-initiated production of toxic singlet oxygen. Here, we investigate the cell localization properties and toxicity of two polymeric anthracene-based fluorescent probes (neutral Ant-PHEA and cationic Ant-PIm). The cell death and DNA damage of Chinese hamster ovary cancer cells (CHO-K1) were characterized as combining PDT, cell survival studies (MTT-assay), and comet assay. Confocal microscopy was utilized on samples incubated together with either DRAQ5, Lyso Tracker Red, or Mito Tracker Deep Red in order to map the localization of the sensitizer into the nucleus and other cell compartments. While Ant-PHEA did not cause significant damage to the cell, Ant-PIm showed increased cell death upon illumination, at the cost of a significant dark toxicity. Both anthracene chromophores localized in cell compartments of the cytosol. Ant-PIm showed a markedly improved selectivity toward lysosomes and mitochondria, two important biological compartments for the cell&rsquo, s survival. None of the two anthracene chromophores showed singlet oxygen formation upon excitation in solvents such as deuterium oxide or methanol. Conclusively, the significant photo-induced cell death that could be observed with Ant-PIm suggests a possible type I PDT mechanism rather than the usual type II mechanism.

Anionic pentameric thiophene acetates can be used for fluorescence detection and diagnosis of protein amyloid aggregates. Replacing the central thiophene unit by benzothiadiazole (BTD) or quinoxaline (QX) leads to large emission shifts and basic spectral features have been reported [Chem. Eur. J. 2015, 21, 15133‐13137]. Here we present new detailed experimental results of solvent effects, time‐resolved fluorescence and examples employing multi‐photon microscopy and lifetime imaging. Quantum chemical response calculations elucidate how the introduction of the BTD/QX groups changes the electronic states and emissions. The dramatic red‐shift follows an increased conjugation and quinoid character of the π‐electrons of the thiophene backbone. An efficient charge transfer in the excited states S1 and S2 compared to the all‐thiophene analogue makes these more sensitive to the polarity and quenching by the solvent. Taken together, the results guide in the interpretation of images of stained Alzheimer disease brain sections employing advanced fluorescence microscopy and lifetime imaging, and can aid in optimizing future fluorescent ligand development., Fluorescent biomarkers: The introduction of donor‐acceptor‐donor moieties in luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes gives a drastic shift in spectroscopic profile. This opens up for designing novel fluorescent biomarkers that can classify different types of amyloid folds and differentiate different morphological protein topologies.

Two analogues to the fluorescent amyloid probe 2,5-bis(4'-hydroxy-3'-carboxy-styryl)benzene (X-34) were synthesized based on the trans-stilbene pyrene scaffold (Py1SA and Py2SA). The compounds show strikingly different emission spectra when bound to preformed Aβ1-42 fibrils. This remarkable emission difference is retained when bound to amyloid fibrils of four distinct proteins, suggesting a common binding configuration for each molecule. Density functional theory calculations show that Py1SA is twisted, while Py2SA is more planar. Still, an analysis of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) of the two compounds indicates that the degree of electronic coupling between the pyrene and salicylic acid (SA) moieties is larger in Py1SA than in Py2SA. Excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) coupled-charge transfer (ICT) was observed for the anionic form in polar solvents. We conclude that ICT properties of trans-stilbene derivatives can be utilized for amyloid probe design with large changes in emission spectra and decay times from analogous chemical structures depending on the detailed physical nature of the binding site.

We revisited the Congo red analogue 2,5-bis(4'-hydroxy-3'-carboxy-styryl)benzene (X-34) to develop this highly fluorescent amyloid dye for imaging Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology comprising Aβ and Tau fibrils. A selection of ligands with distinct optical properties were synthesized by replacing the central benzene unit of X-34, with other heterocyclic moieties. Full photophysical characterization was performed, including recording absorbance and fluorescence spectra, Stokes shift, quantum yield and fluorescence lifetimes. All ligands displayed high affinity towards recombinant amyloid fibrils of Aβ1-42 (13-300 nm K

A cancer-targeting conjugate 4 of a cyclometalated [N,C,N-Pt(II)] complex bearing a NˆCˆN 1,3-di(2-pyridyl)-benzene with c(RGDyK) peptide as guiding molecule was designed and synthesized for real-time drug delivery monitoring in cancer cells and photodynamic therapy (PDT). This conjugate demonstrates a mild cytostatic effect to six cancer cell lines expressing integrins at different extent, while possessing promising features for PDT. Conjugate 4 demonstrated rapid cell uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis and efficient generation of 1O2 upon irradiation. Incubation of rat bladder cancer cells AY27 with conjugate 4 (50 μΜ) prior to blue light exposure (5 min) resulted in significant reduction (50%) of cell survival compared to control cells as measured by MTT assay post 24 h after treatment.

International audience; Monolithic silica sol-gel glasses doped with platinum(II) acetylide complexes possessing respectively four or six phenylacetylene units (PE2-CH2OH and PE3-CH2OH) in combination with various concentrations of spherical and bipyramidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) known to enhance non-linear optical absorption, were prepared and polished to high optical quality. The non-linear absorption of the glasses was measured and compared to glasses doped solely with AuNPs, a platinum(II) acetylide with shorter delocalized structure, or combinations of both. At 532 nm excitation wavelength the chromophore inhibited the non-linear scattering previously found for glasses only doped with AuNPs. The measured non-linear absorption was attributed to reverse saturable absorption from the chromophore, as previously reported for PE2-CH2OH/AuNP glasses. At 600 nm strong nonlinear absorption was observed for the PE3-CH2OH/AuNPs glasses, also attributed to reverse saturable absorption. But contrary to previous findings for PE2-CH2OH/AuNPs, no distinct enhancement of the non-linear absorption for PE3-CH2OH/AuNPs was observed. A numerical population model for PE3-CH2OH was used to give a qualitative explanation of this difference. A stronger linear absorption in PE3-CH2OH would cause the highly absorbing triplet state to populate quicker during the leading edge of the laser pulse and this would in turn reduce the influence from two-photon absorption enhancement from AuNPs.

A common molecular design paradigm for optical power limiting (OPL) applications is to introduce heavy atoms that promote intersystem crossing and triplet excited states. In order to investigate this effect, three multi-branched fluorene molecules were prepared where the central moiety was either an organic benzene unit, para-dibromobenzene, or a platinum(II)&ndash, alkynyl unit. All three molecules showed good nanosecond OPL performance in solution. However, only the dibromobenzene and Pt&ndash, alkynyl compounds showed strong microsecond triplet excited state absorption (ESA). To investigate the photophysical cause of the OPL, especially for the fully organic molecule, photokinetic measurements including ultrafast pump&ndash, probe spectroscopy were performed. At nanosecond timescales, the ESA of the organic molecule was larger than the two with intersystem crossing (ISC) promoters, explaining its good OPL performance. This points to a design strategy where the singlet-state ESA is balanced with the ISC rate to increase OPL performance at the beginning of a nanosecond pulse.

How road surfaces reflect light in space is a physical characteristic that plays a key role in the design of road lighting installations: by European Standards the average luminance is the target quantity to assure the required safety conditions of the motorized road traffic. Lighting systems are designed (luminous flux installed per kilometre) to comply with the above requirement, starting from reference values of road surfaces reflection published in an old scientific document. These data are obsolete and not representative of current road surfaces, but they are still used to design current LED lighting systems. European Community funded a SURFACE project to provide to EU standard organization new traceable reference data, representative of current road surfaces used in EU. The paper presents the data collections and the impact on road lighting of using available old reference data versus SURFACE collected data of current road surfaces. Results highlight advantages in using bright pavements as well the need for introducing systems for flux control in road lighting installation to compensate for the discrepancies between current reference data and actual road surface data.

A fluorescent bis-styryl-benzothiadiazole (BTD) with carboxylic acid functional groups (X-34/Congo red analogue) showed lower binding affinity toward Aβ1-42 and Aβ1-40 fibrils than its neutral analogue. Hence, variable patterns of neutral OH-substituted bis-styryl-BTDs were generated. All bis-styryl-BTDs showed higher binding affinity to Aβ1-42 fibrils than to Aβ1-40 fibrils. The para-OH on the phenyl rings was beneficial for binding affinity while a meta-OH decreased the affinity. Differential staining of transgenic mouse Aβ amyloid plaque cores compared to peripheral coronas using neutral compared to anionic bis-styryl ligands indicate differential recognition of amyloid polymorphs. Hyperspectral imaging of transgenic mouse Aβ plaque stained with uncharged para-hydroxyl substituted bis-styryl-BTD implicated differences in binding site polarity of polymorphic amyloid plaque. Most properties of the corresponding bis-styryl-BTD were retained with a rigid alkyne linker rendering a probe insensitive to cis-trans isomerization. These new BTD-based ligands are promising probes for spectral imaging of different Aβ fibril polymorphs.

International audience; The photoluminescence of two series of A- and B-site Eu3+ substituted (SrxBa1-x)(2)CaWyMo1-yO6 double perovskite phosphor materials, (SrxBa1-x)(1.96)Eu0.02K0.02CaWyMo1-yO6 and (SrxBa1-x)(2)Ca0.96Eu0.02Li0.02WyMo1-yO6 (x and y=0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1), were studied systematically as a function of stoichiometry and crystal structure. The Eu3+ lattice sites controlled by co-doping with either K or Li were confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The variation in integrated emission intensity and emission colour over the experimental matrix was examined using statistical tools, and the observed trends were rationalized based on the physical and electronic structure of the phosphors. Phosphors with Eu on B-site with maximum Sr content had remarkably higher emission intensities than all other materials, but the emission was more orange than red due to domination of the D-5(0) - F-7(1) (595 nm) transition of Eu3+. The relative intensities of the D-5(0) - F-7(2) (615 nm) and D-3(0) - F-7(1) transitions of Eu3+, and thus the red-shift of the emission, decreased linearly with increasing Sr content in the A-site Eu-substituted phosphors, and reached a maximum for Sr1.96Eu0.02K0.02CaW0.25Mo0.75O6. A maximum external quantum efficiency of 17% was obtained for the phosphor Sr2Ca0.7Eu0.15Li0.15W0.5Mo0.5O6 with Eu on B-site. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Silicon nano-crystals have been studied intensively due to their photoluminescence properties and possible applications in new generation opto-electronic devices. Their importance in lightning and display technologies is increasing due to the abundance and non-toxicity of silicon. Here we report a single batch solution based synthesis route to silicon nano-crystal organic hybrid films exhibiting white light photoluminescence at room temperature upon excitation by ultraviolet light. Films prepared by ethylene glycol terminated Si nano-crystals showed maximum 240 nm red shift in photoluminescence response upon excitation at 350 nm. The shift was found to decrease in order for hybrid films fabricated using acrylic acid, 1-octanol acid and oleic acid terminated Si nano-crystals. The mean size of the Si nano-crystals (~ 2–10 nm) estimated by Raman spectroscopy were smallest for the ethylene glycol capped Si nano-crystal films. The calculated Tauc bandgaps of the hybrid films varied between 1.51 and 2.35 eV.

New light sources such as LED lamps have the potential to reduce the electricity for lighting significantly. However, by reducing the electricity for lighting, the building heating demand is increased. The effects on the building energy balance of changing to more efficient light sources has been investigated by dynamic thermal modelling of typical Swedish single-family and multi-family residential houses. The results show savings on an average of 3.5 kWh/m 2 and 0.62 €/m 2 for single-family houses, and 3.4 kWh/m 2 and 0.61 €/m 2 for apartments in multi-family houses annually when changing from incandescent and halogen lamps to LED lamps.

International audience; Real time in vivo detection of Amyloid β (Aβ) deposits at an early stage may lead to faster and more conclusive diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and can facilitate the follow up of the effect of therapeutic interventions. In this work, the capability of new hybrid nanomaterials to target and detect Aβ aggregates using magnetic resonance (MRI) and fluorescence imaging is demonstrated. These smart contrast agents contain paramagnetic nanoparticles surrounded by luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) known to selectively bind to Aβ aggregates, with emission spectra strongly dependent on their conformations, opening the possibilities for several fluorescence imaging modes for AD diagnostics. Relaxivity is evaluated in vitro and ex vivo. The capability of these contrast media to link to Aβ fibrils in stained sections is revealed using transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Preliminary in vivo experiments show the ability of the contrast agent to diffuse through the blood–brain barrier of model animals and specifically stain amyloid deposits.

Small molecules with modalities for a variety of imaging techniques as well as therapeutic activity are essential, as such molecules render opportunities to simultaneously conduct diagnosis and targeted therapy, so called theranostics. In this regard, glycoporphyrins have proven useful as theranostic agents towards cancer, as well as noncancerous conditions. Herein, the synthesis and characterization of heterobifunctional glycoconjugated porphyrins with two different sugar moieties, a common monosaccharide at three sites, and a 2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy glucose (FDG) moiety at the fourth site are presented. The fluoro‐glycoconjugated porphyrins exhibit properties for multimodal imaging and photodynamic therapy, as well as specificity towards cancer cells. We foresee that our findings might aid in the chemical design of heterobifunctional glycoconjugated porphyrins that could be utilized as theranostic agents. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Luminescent-conjugated oligo- and polythiophenes (LCOs and LCPs) are valuable tools for optical imaging of a plethora of protein aggregates associated with amyloidoses. Here, we outline updated protocols for the application of the anionic pentameric LCO, p-FTAA, for staining and hyperspectral imaging of protein aggregates in a variety of settings such as in vitro formed amyloid fibrils, ex vivo tissue sections, and whole brain Drosophila.

By replacing the central thiophene unit of an anionic pentameric oligothiophene with other heterocyclic moities, a palette of pentameric thiophene-based ligands with distinct fluorescent properties were synthesized. All ligands displayed superior selectivity towards recombinant amyloid fibrils as well as disease-associated protein aggregates in tissue sections.

Modified Pechini synthesis routes were developed for synthesis of the novel red phosphor materials NaLa(WO4)(MoO4):Eu3+ and Ba2CaMoO6:Eu3+. Phase pure NaLa(WO4)(MoO4):Eu3+ was obtained at calcination temperatures ≥600 °C using malic acid or tartaric acid as complexing agents. Phase pure Ba2CaMoO6:Eu3+ was attained using EDTA and citric acid, at calcination temperatures ≥800 °C. Choice of complexing agents were discussed on the basis of the solubility of the precursors, metal complex stability constants and conformations of the complexes. The powder properties were characterised using X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and electron microscopy. Photoluminescence emission intensity was studied as a function of the complexing agents used and calcination temperature of the powders. Maximum emission intensity for NaLa(WO4)(MoO4):Eu3+ was obtained at a calcination temperature of 600 °C, whereas the maximum for Ba2CaMoO6:Eu3+ was obtained after calcination at 1100 °C. Both materials displayed desirable optical properties for use as phosphors in white light-emitting diodes. Phase pure NaLa(WO4)(MoO4):Eu3+ and Ba2CaMoO6:Eu3+ red phosphor materials were synthesised by the modified Pechini route, thus permitting lower calcination temperatures which resulted in increased emission intensity for NaLa(WO4)(MoO4):Eu3+.

Transferrin (Tf) conjugated to gold nanoparticles and clusters combine the protein's site-specific receptor targeting capabilities with the optical properties imparted by the nano-sized gold. We have described two different synthesis protocols, one yielding fluorescent Tf-stabilized gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) and one yielding Tf-stabilized gold nanoparticles that exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance. We demonstrate that the synthetic route employed has a large influence both on the gold nanostructure formed, and also on the structural integrity of the protein. A slight protein unfolding allows stronger interaction with lipids, and was found to significantly perturb lipid monolayers. Interactions between the protein-gold nanostructures and three different cell types were also assessed, indicating that the enhanced membrane affinity may be attributed to intercellular membrane differences.

Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Automated Driving (AD)vehicles rely on a variety of sensors and among them optical sensors. Extensivetesting of functions using optical sensors is required and typically performedat proving grounds like AstaZero. Soft surrogate targets are used for safetyreasons but the optical and geometrical characteristics of soft car targets maydiffer considerably from that of real vehicles. During tests the quality of thesoft car targets deteriorates due to repeated impacts and reassembly of thetargets, and there is a need of methods for securing the quality of the softcar targets over time. One of the main goals of the HiFi Visual Target project isto develop and validate accurate and repeatable measurement methods of theoptical and geometric characteristics of soft car targets. HiFi Visual Target

Molecular and electronic structures and optical absorption properties of oligothiophenes used for spectral assignment of amyloid deposits have been investigated for a family of probes known as luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs). Theoretical absorption spectra have been determined using conformational averaging, combining classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) spectrum calculations. Theoretical absorption spectra are in excellent agreement with experiments, showing average errors below 5 nm for absorption maxima. To couple observed properties to molecular structures, a measure of planarity is defined, revealing a strong correlation between the transition wavelength of the first and dominating electronically excited state and dihedral rotations. It is shown that from this correlation, predictions can be made of the absorption properties of probes based only on information from MD trajectories. We show experimentally that red shifts observed in the excitation maxima of LCOs when bound to amyloid protein aggregates are also evident in absorption spectra. We predict that these red shifts are due to conformational restriction of the LCO in a protein binding pocket, causing a planarization of the conjugated backbone. On the basis of our studies of planarity, it is shown that such shifts are both possible and realistic.