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An updated distribution of the genus Chersotis Boisduval, 1840 in Croatia, Albania and Bulgaria is presented. A total of seven species have been recorded in Croatia so far, with Chersotis laeta leonhardi (Rebel, 1904) being recorded for the first time during this survey. Chersotis laeta achaiana Thurner, 1967 is reported as new for Albania. The record of Chersotis fimbriola (Esper, [1803]) is marked as questionable for Croatia and Bulgaria as no exact locality is given nor is the specimen available for inspection for Croatia and the origin of the Bulgarian specimen is a case of doubt. For all other six species from Croatia an update in their distribution in the country is given. Additionally, all the species of the genus Chersotis occurring in Croatia have been barcoded and the results concur to the species identification based on the external and internal characteristics. Three taxa, Chersotis elegans (Eversmann, 1837) and Ch. laeta leonhardi from Croatia and Ch. laeta achaiana Thurner, 1967 from Albania have been DNA barcoded for the first time while for Chersotis laeta macini Rákosy, Stangelmaier & Wieser, 1996 a partial DNA barcode sequence was obtained.

Chersotis fimbriola (Esper, [1803]). Genetic data: Barcoded samples from Demir Kapija and Korita Village, Galičica Mts (CROB721 and CROB722) clustered with Austrian (ABOLD207-16, ABOLD208-16, ABOLD210-16 and DEEUR686-16) and Spanish (LENOA115-11) specimens. The clade is well supported by BS and moderately by BPP values and intraspecific distances ranged from 0.2 to 0.6%., Published as part of Koren, Toni, Podnar, Martina, Vojvoda, Ana Mrnjavčić, Beshkov, Stoyan, Mihoci, Iva & Kučinić, Mladen, 2021, Genus Chersotis Boisduval, 1840 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Croatia with some notes on the other Balkan countries: DNA barcoding, distribution and new records, pp. 86-108 in Ecologica Montenegrina 48 on page 91, DOI: 10.37828/em.2021.48.12, http://zenodo.org/record/8029303

Chersotis elegans (Eversmann, 1837) New records: Mt. Biokovo, mountain hut above Sv. Jure peak, 30.7.2018, 1 ex., leg Koren; Mt. Biokovo, Ravna Vlaška, 07.08.2007, 1 ex., leg. Mihoci. Genetic data: no specimen of Ch. elegans existed in the BOLD database. In order to confirm the correct identification of the specimens from Mt. Biokovo, male genitalia were checked in accordance to Fibiger (1997). During this research we barcoded one specimen from Croatia and one from Albania. Two COI haplotypes (p-distance = 0.5%) were obtained within three analyzed specimens of Ch. elegans. Those sequences form a well-supported clade and represent the first published Ch. elegans DNA barcodes. For its closest species, Ch. anatolica, analyzed samples from Albania have identical COI haplotypes and clustered within well supported monophyletic Ch. anatolica clade together with Italian (PHLAB1175-10) and North Macedonian (PHLAF399-11) samples of the same species. It should be noted that even though these two species have great morphological similarity, they are not sister species (Dufay & Varga, 1995). The overall intraspecific distance in this species is low and ranged between 0.2 and 0.3 % (Tab. 2). Both female and male genitalia, including everted vesicas are however quite different (Fig. 3. a-e), the difference are much bigger than between Ch. fimbriola and Ch. laeta and between the subspecies of Ch. laeta., Published as part of Koren, Toni, Podnar, Martina, Vojvoda, Ana Mrnjavčić, Beshkov, Stoyan, Mihoci, Iva & Kučinić, Mladen, 2021, Genus Chersotis Boisduval, 1840 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Croatia with some notes on the other Balkan countries: DNA barcoding, distribution and new records, pp. 86-108 in Ecologica Montenegrina 48 on page 91, DOI: 10.37828/em.2021.48.12, http://zenodo.org/record/8029303, {"references":["Dufay, C. & Varga, Z. (1995): A new Noctuid species from Iran, Chersotis eberti sp. n. (Lep.: Noctuidae). - Acta Zoologica Hungarica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 41, 35 - 45."]}

Chersotis laeta leonhardi (Rebel, 1904). New records: Mt. Biokovo, Podglogovnik, 19.06.2007, 1 ex., leg. Mihoci; Mt. Biokovo, meadows at 1080 m, 18.06.2007, 5 ex., leg. Mihoci; Mt. Biokovo, Ravna Vlaška, 13.07.2013, 2 ex., leg. Mihoci; Mt. Biokovo, above Vošac, 15.07.2013, 6 ex., leg. Mihoci; Mt. Biokovo, electric substation, 18.06.2007, 3 ex., leg. Mihoci; 02.07.2007, 5 ex., leg. Mihoci; Mt. Biokovo, below Sv. Jure, 24.07.1994, 1 ex., leg. Kučinić, 02.07.2007, 9 ex., leg. Mihoci, 16.07.2013, 5 ex., leg. Mihoci; Mt. Biokovo, Lađena, 22.07.1995, 1 ex., leg. Vajdić, 24.07.1995. 1 ex., leg. Kučinić; Mt. Biokovo, near the chapel, 13.07.1994, 1 ex., leg. Kučinić, 14.06.1991, 1 ex., leg. Kučinić. Genetic data: Sequences from this study represent the first published DNA barcodes for this species and clustered within two well supported monophyletic clades, the first one containing all samples of Ch. laeta leonhardi, and the second clade samples of Ch. laeta macini and one of Ch. laeta achaiana (Fig. 1). The intraspecific p-distances ranged from 0,2-2.9 % (2.7-2.9 % between two Ch. laeta subspecies, Table 2). They marginally overlapped with interspecific distances revealed between Ch. laeta and its sister species Ch. fimbriola (2.9-3.2 %, Tab. 2). Moreover, they are in the range or even larger than interspecific distances between several well-defined species of the genus such are: Ch. andreae vs. Ch. multangula (2.7-3-0 %), Ch. anatolica vs. Ch. elegans (2.4-2.7%) and Ch. margaritacea cyrnea vs. Ch. margaritacea (1.7 – 2.4 %) (Tab. 2). Those findings are consistent with the results of the ABGD analysis which advocates distinct species status of Ch. laeta leonhardi and Ch. laeta achaiana which are found sympatric and synchronic in Albania, Tomorr Mt., as well as with unresolved trichotomy obtained in NJ analysis between Ch. fimbriola, Ch. laeta achaiana /macini (Fig. 5: a-e) and Ch. laeta leonhardi (Fig. 6). All above strongly argues for the necessity of taxonomic revision within Ch. laeta which, based on molecular data, could be split into two species. Additional morphological analysis of the greater number of specimens from Ch. laeta subspecies from different localities should be undertaken to support the rising of the Ch. laeta leonhardi on the species level., Published as part of Koren, Toni, Podnar, Martina, Vojvoda, Ana Mrnjavčić, Beshkov, Stoyan, Mihoci, Iva & Kučinić, Mladen, 2021, Genus Chersotis Boisduval, 1840 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Croatia with some notes on the other Balkan countries: DNA barcoding, distribution and new records, pp. 86-108 in Ecologica Montenegrina 48 on page 91, DOI: 10.37828/em.2021.48.12, http://zenodo.org/record/8029303

Chersotis rectangula ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775). New records: Lička Plješevica at 1365 m, 05.09.2008., 1 ex., leg. Mihoci. Genetic data: The haplotype found in a single analyzed Croatian sample of Ch. rectangula is the same as the one previously observed in Italian sample (LEATB602-13). Along with them, the well supported Ch. rectangula clade comprised the samples from Austria (ABOLA069-14, GWORU307-10) and Italy (GWOTF344-12, LEATB601-13). Intraspecific genetic distances within this clade are also low and range from 0.2 to 0.3%., Published as part of Koren, Toni, Podnar, Martina, Vojvoda, Ana Mrnjavčić, Beshkov, Stoyan, Mihoci, Iva & Kučinić, Mladen, 2021, Genus Chersotis Boisduval, 1840 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Croatia with some notes on the other Balkan countries: DNA barcoding, distribution and new records, pp. 86-108 in Ecologica Montenegrina 48 on page 92, DOI: 10.37828/em.2021.48.12, http://zenodo.org/record/8029303

Chersotis multangula (Hübner, [1803]). New records: Mt. Papuk, Poljanice, 4.7.2019, 1 ex., leg. Koren; Mt. Velebit, Mali Alan, 9.7.2018, 1 ex., leg. Koren; Lička Plješevica, Bijeli potoci, 2.7.2018, 2 ex., leg. Koren, Kozja Draga, 28.7.2015, 1 ex., leg. Koren, Dinara, Brezovac, 24.7.2018, 2 ex., leg. Koren; Mt. Biokovo: Ravna Vlaška, 19.06.2007. 1 ex., leg. Mihoci, 07.08.2007. 3 ex., leg. Mihoci, 13.07.2013. 3 ex., leg. Mihoci; Mt. Biokovo, electric substation, 07.08.2007, 3 ex., leg. Mihoci; Mt. Biokovo, below Sv. Jure peak, 24.07.1994. 1 ex., leg. Kučinić, 26.07.1995. 1 ex., leg. Kučinić, 07.08.2007. 5 ex., leg. Mihoci, 28.7.2018, 2 ex., leg. Koren, 30.8.2018, 3 ex., leg. Koren; Mt. Biokovo, Sv. Jure peak, 07.08.2007. 1 ex., leg. Mihoci; Mt. Biokovo, Lađena, 24.07.1995. 1 ex. Leg. Kučinić, 30.07.2009. 1 ex., leg. Vajdić; Mt. Biokovo, Silnji gozd, 28.7.2018, 1. ex., leg. Koren. Genetic data: Two different haplotypes were found in Croatian Ch. multangula specimen. The one present in individuals CROB260 and CROB517 is shared with a number of individuals from Germany (FBLMV003-09, GBLAA2027-15, GBLAB307-13, GBLAD973-14) and individuals from Austria (LEATB426-13, PHLAG887-12) and France (LENOA107-11). Another one shared between CROB518 and CROB519 was also recorded in samples from Austria (ABOLA071-14), Germany (GWORZ513-10) and Italy (LEATB599-13, LEATB600-13, PHLAB1179-10, PHLSA585-11). Remaining sample which clustered within Ch. multangula clade originates from Germany (GWORK401-09). Intraspecific distances within this taxon are low being in range 0.2-0.3%., Published as part of Koren, Toni, Podnar, Martina, Vojvoda, Ana Mrnjavčić, Beshkov, Stoyan, Mihoci, Iva & Kučinić, Mladen, 2021, Genus Chersotis Boisduval, 1840 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Croatia with some notes on the other Balkan countries: DNA barcoding, distribution and new records, pp. 86-108 in Ecologica Montenegrina 48 on page 92, DOI: 10.37828/em.2021.48.12, http://zenodo.org/record/8029303

Hrvatski prirodoslovni muzej djelovao je u palači Amadeo od siječnja 1868. sve do razornog zagrebačkog potresa u ožujku 2020. Nakon potresa utvrđene su manje pukotine na pročelju, dok su u unutrašnjosti palače uz pukotine na zidovima i nadvojima prizemlja koje ne ugrožavaju stabilnost zgrade, na prvome i drugome katu zabilježena oštećenja na nekim zidovima, nadvojima i spojevima drvenih stropova i zidova gdje su morala biti izvedena podupiranja. Od fundusa najteže je stradao dio u stalnome postavu, dijelu koji je izložen u povijesnim vitrinama, i u pojedinim čuvaonicama gdje je pohranjena građa u staklenim cilindrima. U potresu je oštećena muzejska građa iz 15 zbirki, ukupno 229 predmeta. Kako je muzej prije potresa ušao u projekt sveobuhvatne obnove zgrade, građa je evakuirana u prostor novih muzejskih čuvaonica u Petruševcu gdje se trenutno nalazi i većina stručnih djelatnika. Početak rekonstrukcije očekuje se krajem 2021.

Throughout this research, 230 Trichoptera specimens were collected in the area of Konavle area, the southernmost region of Croatia. Altogether 21 species, 15 genera and 11 families were identified. DNA barcoding covered 41 specimens represented with 15 species collected in the Konavle region. The highest number of species was recorded at two localities: the spring of the River Ljuta (13) and a spring in the village Vodovađa (8). The highest number of taxa (4) was recorded within the following two families: Hydroptilidae and Hydropsychidae. From a faunistic point of view, the most interesting species in Konavle region are: Agapetus cf. kampos Oláh (the first record for Croatia), Hydroptila martini Marshall (the first record for the Mediterranean part of Croatia), Oxyethira falcata Morton (the first record for Croatia), Tinodes andrasi Oláh (type locality of the species is River Ljuta), Diplectrona cf. afra McLachlan (the first record from the Mediterranean part of Croatia) and Micropterna wageneri Malicky (the second record for Croatia). The first DNA barcoding data for the species Agapetus cf. kampos Oláh and Tinodes andrasi Oláh were entered into the BOLD database. The area of Konavle represents one of the most interesting regions for the fauna of Trichoptera and can be considered as a ”hotspot” for caddisflies in Croatia. Thus, it is necessary to install high standards for their protection.

In 2017 we started a 4-year project of DNA barcoding of Croatian biodiversity (CroBarFauna) funded by the Croatian Science Foundation with primary goal to study the amount and geographic distribution of the genetic diversity of selected groups of Croatian fauna using DNA barcoding methodology, flagging species for further taxonomic, phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies. The aim for the Lepidoptera group is to provide the DNA barcode library of 198 species of Croatian butterflies. In the last decades, our work has been attempted to collect and create a national database of distribution records in Croatia to publish the national checklist and the red list of butterflies. Today it is clear that collecting has been sporadic and uneven making our work in finding certain species hard. Until now, we managed to barcode 298 specimens belonging to 123 species. A few taxa share DNA barcodes and within few species we found higher intraspecific divergences. While majority of butterflies can be easily recognised using morphological features, identifying some taxa is still challenging and DNA barcoding is helping the right identification thus gathering distribution data and helping in developing conservation plans for about 25% of Croatia’s butterfly fauna considered of conservation concern. Establishment of national database of genetic biodiversity will contribute to the global level and enriching international data basis (BOLD and GenBank) with DNA barcodes of not yet represented taxa and taxa from this underrepresented geographic region.

Diversity and ecological patterns of vertical stratification of one of the largest Palaearctic moth families (Geometridae) were researched on two Dinaric karst mountains. Out of a total of 464 geometrid species in Croatia, 232 species were found in the study areas, 164 on Mt. Biokovo and 132 on Mt. Lička Plješivica. There are two peaks in the vertical stratification observed on both mountains. These are at the transition zones (ecotones) of mid altitudes towards both lower and higher elevations. All diversity indices are inversely correlated with altitude. Mt. Lička Plješivica and Mt. Biokovo are distinct in diversity with low levels of similarity. There is a significant separation of zones corresponding to low, mid and high altitudes in both areas. The impact of variables significantly changes with seasons but is almost unaffected with respect to elevation. Single, most important variable affecting altitudinal distribution on both mountains is the dewpoint temperature. Species inhabiting mid‐altitudes showed a wide altitudinal range in contrast to the narrow ranges observed for representatives of the low and high altitudes, which is not in accordance with Rapoport's rule. Future activities should focus on addressing the question whether the fairly broad elevation ranges in the middle elevations on both mountains can be explained by the mid‐domain effect.

Hrvatsko Zagorje is a region located in the north‐eastern part of Croatia just north from the capital Zagreb. Due to its vicinity to Zagreb, where many lepidopterists were working, a rather low number of historical records is very surprising. The first comprehensive butterfly survey started in 2008. Until today a total of 112 butterfly species have been recorded, with an additional six species known from the literature. This adds up to 118 species or 60% the Croatian butterfly fauna. The highest butterfly diversity was registered in the mountains Ivanščica and Strahinjščica, as well as in the significant landscape Zelenjak–Risvica and Cesar Hill. Several rare and endangered species were recorded in the region, i.e. Zerynthia polyxena, Parnassius mnemosyne, Phengaris arion, P. alcon, P. teleius, Polyommatus thersites, Lycaena dispar and Lopinga achine. Most of the butterflies in the region are grassland specialists, which are in rapid decline due to the abandonment or intensification of meadows, spreading of the invasive alien plant species, and urbanisation of wetland areas or changes in land use. To preserve the key species of butterflies in the area extensive maintenance of mainly dry and wet meadows and flowering forest edges is needed.

Raznolikost staništa Nacionalnog parka Sjeverni Velebit podržava visoku raznolikost faune danjih leptira. U sklopu projekta revitalizacije travnjačkih staništa Nacionalnog parka Sjeverni Velebit provedena je inventarizacija danjih i noćnih leptira, a kako bi se preložile svrsishodne mjere zaštite očuvanja travnjaka. Sastav i struktura danjih leptira kao pokazatelja stanja i očuvanosti posebice livada i travnjaka utvrđena je na 15 lokaliteta. Ukupno je zabilježena 71 vrsta danjih leptira tijekom dvogodišnjeg istraživanja, od kojih su zakonom zaštićene Phengaris alcon rebeli (Hirscke, 1904), Phengaris arion (Linnaeus, 1758), Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758, Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus, 1758) i Parnassius mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758). Prema ekološkom statusu, vrsta su klasificirane u četiri skupine: travnjačke ili livadne vrste, grmovne vrste, šumske vrste te ubikvilne vrsta (ubikvisti) – karakterističnih za mnoga ili sva navedena staništa. Danji leptiri su u dominantno vrste livadnih staništa koje na području Parka treba očuvati pod svaku cijenu te revitalizirani na način predložen selektivno za svako analizirano područje/stanište/lokalitet. Na livadnim predjelima nužno je očuvati i grmovnu rubnu, tranzicijsku vegetaciju jer ekotonska područja podupiru raznolikost najvećeg broja vrsta.

Fauna bogomoljki na području Hrvatske nije bila predmetom recentnih sustavnih znanstvenih istraživanja, osim kada je riječ o nekoliko sporadičnih istraživanja i nalaza, npr. na području Dubrovnika, otoka Šipana, Samobora i Papuka. Istraživanje te skupine člankonožaca u NP Krka, prvo takvo na tome području, imalo je za cilj, prije svega, preliminarnu inventarizaciju vrsta na tom području.

The butterflies are among best studied...

Djelatnosti muzeja u današnje vrijeme izuzetno su raznorodne, no ipak temelj svakog muzeja su njegove zbirke, odnosno fundus, ili bi tako barem trebalo biti. Upravo se bogatim fundusom, od preko 2, 2 milijuna predmeta, može pohvatili Hrvatski prirodoslovni muzej koji je od prošle godine postao bogatiji za još jednu, 104. zbirku u fundusu. Sustavnim terenskim istraživanjima 2014. i 2015. godine tijekom 744 terenska izlaska 18 istraživača posjetilo je 124 lokacije na području čitave Hrvatske u sklopu Projekta integracije u EU Natura 2000. Dobiveni su detaljni podaci o vrstama leptira koje obitavaju kod nas, a prikupljanjem noćnih leptira entomološke zbirke Hrvatskog prirodoslovnog muzeja obogaćene su za mnoge vrste kojih u njima dosad nije bilo. Svaki primjerak leptira je pravilno obrađen prema pravilima muzejske struke kroz prepariranje, identifikaciju, označavanje, pohranu te inventiranje. Nova zbirka leptira u Muzeju ima naziv „Zbirka leptira NIP“ i broji 9580 predmeta. Zbirka je od iznimne znanstvene važnosti jer sadrži mnoge vrste koje su manje poznate ili koje se do sada uopće nisu nalazile u zbirkama Hrvatskog prirodoslovnog muzeja. Zbirka daje uvid u trenutno stanje okoliša i bioraznolikost područja čitave Hrvatske te sadrži mnoge invazivne vrste leptira koje predstavljaju prijetnju prirodi ili indiciraju klimatske promjene. Tako je novonastala zbirka eklatantan primjer kako znanstvenim istraživanjima stvaramo temelj djelatnosti muzeja – zbirku/e, a koje predstavljaju trajnu vrijednost i temelj kulturne i prirodne baštine Hrvatske.

The project „EU Natura 2000 Integration Project“ (NIP) has been initiated by the Ministry of Environment and Nature Protection based on the Loan Agreement with the World Bank. A systematic inventory of biological diversity of those taxonomic groups which are considered as poorly investigated is one of the components of the Project. Caddisfly fauna (Trichoptera) is one of these groups for which a team of all available national experts was formed in order to do the field research and laboratory processing. This poster presentation contains results of 2 year long period (2014- 2015) of caddisflies survey. One of result of this study is systematic list based on identification of mostly adult caddisflies collected at 105 localities (1st year 52 localities and 2nd year 53 localities) all over the country. Caddisflies were sampled three times a year (spring, summer and autumn) on each locality what makes this study unique in terms of Croatia. 154 caddisfly species have been collected of which 13 species were recorded for the first time in Croatia. Some of the interesting species found in this research were: Rhyacophila cabrankensis, Rhyacophila torrentium, Glosossoma conformis, Wormaldia pulla, Hydroptila vectis, Oxyethira flavicornis, Tinodes antonioi, Drusus schmidi, Limnephilus graecus, Micropterna wageneri, Leptocerus tineiformis, Acidella cremisa. Including these data, literature data and museum collections the number of known Trichoptera species in Croatia is around 200. Further value of this study is created entomological collection „Trichoptera – NIP“, deposited in the Croatian Natural History Museum in Zagreb.

Prirodoslovni muzej Metković svečano je otvoren 17. srpnja 2015. godine na ponos svim žiteljima doline rijeke Neretve. Prema Muzeološkoj koncepciji dr. sc. Nikole Tvrtkovića stalni postav ovog muzeja prezentiran je tehnikama informativnih panela, trodimenzionalnih prikaza staništa (diorama), prepariranih životinja u ladicama i vitrinama te multimedijalnih audiovizualnih prikaza. Prostorna organizacija raspoređena je u pet soba i prikazana temama u kružnom rasporedu (1- 36). Stalni postav muzeja realizirali su djelatnici Hrvatskoga prirodoslovnog muzeja. Prva cjelina prve sobe posvećena je utemeljitelju Ornitološke zbirke Metković - Dragutinu Rucneru, a predstavlja temelj stalnog postava muzeja. Uz Rucnerov kutak vezana je i podna karta neretvanskog područja te multimedijalni prikaz pet odabranih lokaliteta s avionskim snimcima i vertikalnim presjekom staništa te vrstama u svakom dijelu presjeka. Geološke i biospeleološke specifičnosti delte rijeke Neretve prikazane su staklenim panelima, a petrografija je vizualizirana uzorcima kamena iz lokalnih kamenoloma. Kroz drugu, treću i četvrtu sobu protežu se trodimenzionalni prikazi vodenih i kopnenih staništa delte rijeke Neretve - od močvare, tršćaka i kanala, longitudinalnog vodenog toka rijeke, kamenjara i točila, šumskih staništa pa do antropogeno uvjetovanih naselja i poljoprivrednih površina. Dioramski prikazi završavaju „aerodromskom“ scenom selidba ptica te scenama zimovanja u vodenim i kopnenim staništima. Popraćeni su video materijalom ponašanja životinja u specifičnom staništu, zvukovima glasanja ptica i vodozemaca, multimedijalnim prikazom bioraznolikosti staništa kao i raznovrsnošću kukaca, puževa i školjkaša u vodenim i kopnenim staništima delte rijeke Neretve. Iz treće sobe izlazi se u vrt Muzeja koji u autohtonoj vegetaciji pruža dom pticama i kukcima u kućicama za ptice i hotelu za kukce. Peta soba započinje vitrinskim prikazom gnjuraca i pataka, a posvećena je aktivnoj zaštiti i očuvanju biološke raznolikosti ovoga područja, osvješćivanju realnih ugroza komercijalnog korištenja prirode te interaktivnim kutkom u kojem se naglašava važnost sustavnog promatranja ptica te svrhe prstenovanja. Postav završava atraktivnim kratkometražnim filmovima te pitalicama za djecu.

Preparing the accession into the EU, Croatia expanded ecological network beyond the core of the National and Nature Parks aligned with the EU Nature Protection Legislation ; the Bird and Habitat Directives (HD). Based on 506 species and 74 habitats on Directives, more than 37% of total territory of the country is included in Natura 2000 Network. This network of areas extend across public and private lands with varying degrees of legal protection and requires new approaches for public and private collaboration to ensure biological values are maintained, especially as the conflicts between the conservation goals and the interest of different stakeholder groups at local scale is increasing. Butterflies and moths with 10 HD Annex II species are present on 107 sites. In 2014 we started a EU Natura 2000 Integration Project (NIP). Within the scope of the project activities, the Lepidoptera team started a field research in order to gather new distributional and monitoring data on species of the taxonomic group Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) with special attention on the HD species. With the help of previously established national database of Lepidoptera distribution records in Croatia and accumulated knowledge 124 10x10 km square grid cells were selected within 50 50x50 km grid cells based on features specified in the Contract. The overview of the results and future plans will be discussed.

Mnoge vrste kukaca komuniciraju koristeći vibracijske signale. Signali se mogu prenositi zrakom, vodom ili podlogom na kojoj se kukac odmara i samo su ponekad čujni čovjeku. Vibracije su rijetko slučajne poput vibracija krila tijekom leta ili pomicanja čeljusti kod žvakanja. Najčešće, vibracije imaju poseban značaj u životu kukaca i nastaju neovisno i samostalno od drugih životnih aktivnosti.

Promjene u okolišu imaju za posljedicu pad brojnosti leptira i drugih biljnih i životinjskih skupina, a zbog njihove ljepote i karizme za razliku od većine drugih skupina pad brojnosti danjih leptira i njihov nestanak s nekog područja čini gubitak biološke raznolikosti vidljiv svima. Da bi zaustavili zabrinjavajući pad brojnosti danjih leptira a kroz njih i drugih životinja Europe mnoge zemlje izrađuju crvene popise vrsta i predlažu mjere zaštite.

In this study we present morphological, molecular and ecological features of the last instar larvae of Drusus bosnicus with data about distribution of this species in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We also included the most important diagnostic features enabling separation of larvae of D. bosnicus from larvae of the other European Drusinae and Trichoptera species.

Republic of Croatia is very rich in biodiversity which is a result of specific geographical position and climate, geomorphological and hydrogeographical conditions which create wide range of habitats. Unfortunately, a comprehensive inventory of Croatian biodiversity does not exist. A step towards achieving this goal is the project “EU Natura 2000 Integration Project – NIP“. NIP is under jurisdiction of Ministry of Environment and Nature Protection based on the Loan Agreement with the World Bank. One of the components of the project is a systematic inventory of biological diversity of those taxonomic groups which are considered as poorly investigated. One such group were caddisflies (Trichoptera) for which a team of all available national experts was formed in order to do field research and laboratory processing. The plan is to conduct Trichoptera inventory on selected 105 localities in Croatia in two years (2014-2015). In the first year 52 localities have been sampled three (3) times a year in the following periods: March-May, June-August and September-October. Trichoptera were collected during the day by hand and using an entomological net (sweep net) and during the night using UV light-traps with reflective canvas on a pyramidal construction. After the completion of the field survey and data analysis, the checklist of species recorded in Croatia for Trichoptera taxonomic group will be revised. So far field research and laboratory processing have been conducted at 77 localities. We recorded 124 species of Trichoptera. Very interesting finding is 2 potentially new species found at the spring of the Zrmanja River. According to our research, the most abundant species is Rhyacophila fasciata Hagen 1859, recorded at 27 localities. The number of known Trichoptera species in Croatia is 186. This is a very significant number for a relatively small country (56.594 km2). There are, however, still considerable gaps in our knowledge about taxonomy, distribution and ecology of many taxonomic groups, particularly of the invertebrate taxa. New species and subspecies are being discovered each year. A powerful tool for obtaining a more accurate number of species, but also discovering new, is DNA Barcoding. Therefore, among the first in Croatia, we started systematically with DNA Barcoding Trichoptera. Adult Trichoptera specimens collected within NIP project we DNA Barcoded using The Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) methodology for barcoding.

Istraživana je fauna bogomoljki i ravnokrilaca na području NP "Krka". Zabilježeno je 30 svojti: 3 svojte bogomoljki, 13 svojti zrikavaca i 14 svojti skakavaca. U biogeografskoj analizi dominiraju eurosibirske i mediteranske vrste.

Od 5 europskih porodica leptira na području NP "Krka" utvrđene su vrste iz svih porodica, a najbrojnije su porodice plavci (Lycaenidae) i šarenci (Nymphalidae). Biogeografska naliza pokazala je dominantnost euroazijskih i mediteranskih faunističkih elemenata, a što je uvjetovano geografskim položajem NP "Krka" i klimatskim prilikama koje vladaju na tome području.

U katalogu izložbe obrađene su sljedeće teme: Raznolikost božjih ovčica, Božje ovčice u literaturi, Značajke božjih ovčica, Životni ciklus i razmnožavanje, Prehrana božjih ovčica, Božje ovčice i njihovi prirodni neprijatelji, Božje ovčice u biološkom suzbijanju štetnika, Božje ovčice i čovjek

Prirodoslovne zbirke dragocjen su izvor podataka za razumijevanje života na Zemlji. Danas u doba intenzivnog antropogenog utjecaja na ekosustave takvi podaci nam omogućuju da bolje shvatimo promjene oko nas koje se manifestiraju kao promjene u sastavu biološke raznolikosti nekog područja bez obzira da li su one posljedica dugotrajnih istraživanja ili samo pojedinačni nalazi vrsta. Stoga je uloga muzeja u deponiranju takvih podataka za sadašnja ali i za buduća pokoljenja. Hrvatski prirodoslovni muzej trenutno sudjeluje u projektu istraživanja faune leptira Republike Hrvatske koja će nam omogućiti bolji uvid u stanje okoliša. U tekstu će biti riječi o procesima koji prate takva istraživanja: od načina izbora područja istraživanja preko samog istraživanja i prikupljanja materijala do pohrane materijala u muzejskoj zbirci i njenog izlaganja.

Rad obuhvaća pregled Donacije akademika Zdravka Lorkovića Hrvatskome prirodoslovnome muzeju i njen značaj za hrvatsku kulturu i znanost.

The paper gives the first record of Antitype suda (Geyer, 1832) a species from the Noctuidae family, newly recorded for the fauna of Croatia, with data and localities, species distribution data and biological features.

The checklist of butterflies of Croatia is a result of our recent attempts to document the butterfly diversity and create a national database. The overall picture shows a total of 196 species. The history of studying butterflies in Croatia begun in 19th century and the level of knowledge has raised considerably from that time. Still, information on distribution and especially the trend of species are poor. Problems of categorizing a poorly-documented fauna will be pointed. Some examples of recent changes in range and species diversity will be linked with the causes of change: habitat decline, loss and fragmentation. Recently we assessed the status of butterfly fauna of Croatia and created the Red Book of threatened butterflies of Croatia which is in press. About 25% of Croatia’s butterfly fauna is of conservation concern including species of national and European concern. All threatened species are legally protected. The main causes for the declines are thought to be changes in rural land use, especially land abandonment or agricultural intensification. Recent efforts have been made in designating Natura 2000 sites.

U članku se govori o flori i fauni kanjona rijeke Čikole neposredno pred ušćem u rijeku Krku, te o ljepoti krajolika.

U knjizi su prikazani neki od najpoznatijih, najčešćih, ali i najzanimljivijih danjih leptira koji dolaze u fauni Hrvatske. Izvršen je izbor 71 vrste danjih leptira. Prikaz svake vrste uključuje: fotografije leptira (izvorne fotografije), kratki prikaz osnovnih svojstava svih razvojnih stadija (dijagram životnog ciklusa), tip staništa na kojima leptiri žive (izvorne fotografije), razdoblje letenja, područje rasprostranjenosti (karta Europe i susjednih područja) te neke zanimljivosti.

In the spring area of the Una River the caddisfly Drusus vespertinus Marinković- Gospodnetić, 1976, which belongs to the Drusus bosnicus group, was recorded for the first time in Croatia. This is the first finding of the Drusus bosnicus group species in Croatia. This paper presents the diversity, distribution and ecology of the genus Drusus in Croatia and in the Dinaric karst on the Balkan Peninsula. Additionaly, in this paper we describe the female of Drusus vespertinus.

In Croatia, the Balcan loach, Cobitis elongata inhabits the Sava River basin. We found significant morphological differences between specimens inhabiting the Kupa River and those from its right tributary the Petrinjčica River. Results of ANOVA analysis were statistically significant for 17 measurements and all statiscally significant parameters were considerably higher at the Petrinjčica River sites. These differences are probably caused by the spatial isolation of these two populations due to artifical and natural barriers on the Petrinjčica River and different ecological features of habitats in the Kupa and the Petrinjčica River.

The invasive fish species Neogobius fluviatilis was recorded at one locality on each of the two investigated rivers, Una and Kupa. The expansion of this species in Bosnia and Herzegovina is presented, as well as the habitat characteristics of the locality on the Una River. Additionally, a list of the associated fish fauna at both localities is given: 18 and 29 additional fish species were recorded for the Una and Kupa Rivers, respectively.

The species Cacyreus marshalli was introduced into Europe from South Africa in 1978. In Croatia its presence was noted for the first time in 2009 in Mali Lošinj. Previous research has recorded this species at around 20 localities. The present paper gives new records of the species Geranium Bronze from 28 localities in the Mediterranean part of Croatia with some data regarding its ecology and ethology. The known margin of the distribution area of C. marsahalli in Croatia has expanded by around 50 kilometres to the south-east to the islands Korčula and Lastovo and in inland to the Pelješac peninsula. The Geranium Bronze has not been recorded in the continental and central mountain part of Croatia, but was for the first time recorded on Mt. Učka, on 934 meters a.s.l.

Katalog čine popratni tekstovi uz izložbu o leptirima u Hrvatskome prirodoslovnome muzeju. Obuhvaća osnove biologije i povijesti istraživanja leptira u Hrvatskoj.

Hrvatski prirodoslovni muzej danas - kovčeg dragocjenosti i teatar prirodoslovne raznolikosti.

Današnji Hrvatski prirodoslovni muzej nastaje ujedinjenjem spomenutih, zasebnih muzejskih institucija Hrvatskog narodnog zoološkog muzeja, Mineraloško-petrografskoga i Geološko- paleontološkoga muzeja 31. listopada 1986. godine, kojem se pritom priključuje i novoosnovani Botanički odjel. Od konca proljeća 2011. godine Hrvatski prirodoslovni muzej u ustrojbenom smislu, uz četiri navedena odjela, osniva i Restauratorsko-preparatorski odjel, koji je (kao radionica) svoje slavne dane imao sredinom XX. stoljeća kada je u muzeju bivala jaka preparatorska škola. Hrvatski prirodoslovni muzej nekad je i danas prikuplja, otkupljuje, skrbi, izučava i izlaže razne prirodnine odnosno dokumente prirode i iz prirode (rudah, fosilah, biljki, životinjah) Hrvatske, susjednih zemalja, ali i dalekih krajeva svijeta. Kao matična institucija za prirodoslovlje, Muzej obavlja poslove prikupljanja i zaštite prirodnina u prirodi, njihovu pohranu te sveobuhvatnu stručnu i znanstvenu obradu i (o)čuvanje u muzejskome fundusu. Isto tako, Muzej obavlja i toliko važnu, komunikacijsku izložbenu i promotivnu djelatnost, stručnu i znanstvenu publicističku djelatnost kao i znanstveno- istraživačku djelatnost svih sastavnica prirode uz predlaganje smjernica i rješenja u okvirima održivog razvoja. Na taj način, Hrvatski prirodoslovni muzej kao odgovorna, primarno muzejska, a sekundarno znanstvena institucija (po pravu i zakonima) sudjeluje u istraživanjima, sabiranju, analitici i interpretacijama bivanja, djelovanja i međudjelovanja prirodnih vrijednosti i čovjeka te njegovih recentnih potreba.

Znameniti prirodoslovac i liječnik koji u Hrvatskoj uz liječničko zvanje proučava floru i faunu. S Lj. Vukotinovićem objavio je značajna floristička djela među kojima se ističu Flora Croatica (1869) koja je tada hrvatsku botaniku stavila u ravnopravni položaj s razvijenijim zemljama te Bilinar. Flora Excursoria (1876), priručnik za sabiranje i određivanje biljaka na hrvatskom. Objavio je i knjigu Fauna kornjašah trojedne kraljevine (1877-1879) gdje je opisao i hrvatskim imenima imenovao oko 6000 vrsta kornjaša te stvorio vrijednu zbirku koja se danas nalazi u HPM-u, a broji 13.384 kornjaša. Sudjelovao je i u osnivanju Narodnog muzeja poklonivši dio svoje ornitološke i botaničke zbirke, a 1866.-1868. bio je čuvar (kustos) tog muzeja.

U radu se s jedne strane govori o predatorskom - insektivornom načinu života vretenaca (Odonata), a s druge strane o vretencima kao plijenu nekih drugih vrsta životinja poput paukova i ptica.

Raznolikost i specifičnost vrsta danjih leptira u Dalmaciji predstavlja dragulj raznolikosti hrvatske faune leptira koju valja štititi, istraživati i promovirati.

After more than 40 years the nymphalid butterfly Nymphalis vaualbum was rediscovered in Croatia. A single specimen was found on Papuk Mt. in the spring area of Dubočanka stream in July 2004. The habitats on Papuk Mt. are suitable for the species long term survival ; therefore the area was proposed as NATURA 2000 site for this threatened and protected species. As the species has disappeared from many European countries, this recent record is of great importance and emphasizes the need for further field research efforts to confirm a resident populations of species, a distribution area and population status.

Druga najbrojnija porodica leptira Palearktika, grbice (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) istraživana je analizom literaturnih podataka, materijala u zbirkama kao i recentnim terenskim istraživanjima. Analizom navedenih izvora u fauni Hrvatske zabilježene su ukupno 463 vrste, od kojih je 166 vrsta mtDNA barkodirano, a 12 je novih u fauni Hrvatske. Na uže istraživanim područjima Biokova i Ličke Plješivice utvrđene su 232 vrste, 164 na Biokovu, 132 na Ličkoj Plješivici. Brojnošću i abundancijom na Biokovu postoje dva maksimuma na tranziciji iz nižih u srednje te srednjih u više nadmorske visine, a taj se trend vertikalne stratifikacije na Ličkoj Plješivici pokazao na istim nadmorskim visinama. Vrijednosti svih indeksa raznolikosti smanjuju se s porastom nadmorske visine. Klasteriranjem i metodom nMDS-a se područja jasno odvajaju sa sličnošću od svega 16% te jasnim odvajanjem nižeg i srednjeg vertikalnog pojasa od vršne zone i tako na oba masiva. Multivarijantne analize gradijenata ukazuju da se utjecaj varijabli s promjenom nadmorske visine neznatno mijenja, ali dolazi do jasne distinkcije u promatranju njihovog utjecaja po sezonama. Na Biokovu i na Ličkoj Plješivici Rapoportovo visinsko pravilo nije potvrđeno jer rezultati pokazuju uži visinski raspon na oba kraja gradijenta i širi u središnjem dijelu. Rezultati dobiveni morfometrijskom analizom 1585 primjeraka grbica pokazuju da se s porastom nadmorske visine javljaju vrste koje imaju niže vrijednosti opterećenja krila što znači da se na višim nadmorskim visinama javljaju vrste koje s manje mase opterećuju krila, nižih disperzijskih sposobnosti i manje brzine leta. Na taksonomskoj razini porodice potvrđeno je Bergmannovo pravilo, kao i na taksonomskim razinama potporodica Ennominae i Larentiinae, dok ostale ne dolaze u cijelom vertikalnom rasponu.

During a butterfly inventory from 2005 to 2012 on Mt Dinara along the transect from Knin to the Sinjal peak (1831 m a.s.l.), 116 species were found. There are 23 newly-found species for the Mt Dinara area, and 7 species have not been confirmed. With 130 registered species this area is a hot spot of butterfly diversity. 15 species belong to Alpine elements, but in comparison with other better investigated Dinaric mountains, Ponto- Mediterranean oreal species are more numerous than Euro/Alpine species.

U članku se opisuje stanište i životni ciklus leptira močvarnog plavca (Phengaris alcon alcon), jednog od najugroženijih leptira Europe, a čije je postojanje tek nedavno zabilježeno i na području Hrvatske.

U članku se opisuje promatranje hranjenja leptira velike i male preljevalice na strvini tvora, izmetu kune zlatice i usisavanje medne rose na listovima graba. Promatranje se odvijalo tijekom proljeća i početka ljeta na Bilogori, Papuku i Zrinskoj gori.