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(1) Background: Semen analysis is a poor predictor of the fertilization potential of spermatozoa and a male factor may contribute to poor outcomes of the IVF procedure, despite a normal semen analysis. The microfluidic sperm selection (ZyMot-ICSI) is based on the selection of the spermatozoa with the lowest DNA fragmentation rate, but studies do not prove better clinical outcomes after this method. (2) Methods: We conducted a retrospective trial comparing 119 couples that were allocated to the classic gradient centrifugation sperm method (control group), and 120 couples that were allocated with the microfluidic technique being used (study group) at our university-level clinic, to go through IVF. (3) Results: The statistical analysis showed that there is no significant difference between the fertilization rate (study vs. control p = 0.87), but regarding blastocyst rate (study vs. control p = 0.046) and clinical pregnancy (p = 0.049), there is quite a significant statistical difference. Microfluidic preparation of spermatozoa seems to improve the results and it may be utilized more broadly for ICSI, and could also improve the workflow in standard IVF, decrease intervention by laboratory personnel and provide more consistent incubation conditions. (4) Conclusions: The patients that had the sperm preparation for ICSI with the microfluidic sperm selection had slightly better results compared with the gradient centrifugation selection.

The spread of infections with the new coronavirus COVID-19 at such an alert rate that left its mark on all of humanity in the first part of 2020 has practically placed the economies and labor markets around the world in a state of expedite. The interruption of global supply chains, the dramatic decrease in commercial activities, the discouragement of demand, the reduction of working time, the blocking of some sectors of activity in the economy of each country led to the establishment of a strong recession. Starting from the effects of the measures to limit and prevent the spread of COVID-19 on the labor market - of the nature of the work organization system at the micro level, the measures to adjust the policies subordinated to the management of the workforce, etc. - the short-term effects were identified and estimated, medium and long from the perspective of work continuity and efficiency but also of economic and social inequalities and inequities. This paper analyzes the main indicators of the labor market, starting from the analysis of the phenomenon from the pre-pandemic period (year 2019), then extending the analysis of this phenomenon for the period 2020-2021. Keywords: Labor market, quarterly analysis, Covid-19 pandemic

Plastic waste inefficiently recycled poses a major environmental concern attracting attention from both civil society and decision makers. Counteracting the phenomenon is an important challenge today. New possibilities are being explored to find alternatives to plastics, and one of them refers to mycelium-composite materials (MCM). Our study aimed at investigating the possibility of using wood and litter inhabiting basidiomycetes, an underexplored group of fungi that grow fast and create strong mycelial mats, to produce biodegradable materials with valuable properties, using cheap by-products as a substrate for growth. Seventy-five strains have been tested for their ability to grow on low-nutrient media and to form compact mycelial mats. Eight strains were selected further for evaluation on several raw substrates for producing in vitro myco-composites. The physico-mechanical properties of these materials, such as firmness, elasticity and impermeability, were analyzed. Abortiporus biennis RECOSOL73 was selected to obtain, at the laboratory scale, a real biodegradable product. Our results suggest that the strain used is a promising candidate with real possibilities for scalability. Finally, corroborating our results with scientific available data, discussions are being made over the feasibility of such technology, cost-effectiveness, scalability, availability of raw materials and, not least, where future studies should be directed to.

The 2019 Coronavirus pandemic dramatically disrupted the workforce in early 2020, as a result of restrictions imposed to reduce the spread of the virus. The rapid decline in economic activity has resulted in massive and widespread job losses. According to the statistics of the International Labor Organization, the employment of women worldwide decreased by 4.2% in 2020 compared to 2019, much more pronounced than that of men by 3%. Younger women, especially, experienced a disproportionately higher share of employment losses. The decrease in female employment, together with the low participation of women in the labor market, represents a major setback for the efforts made in the last two decades to increase gender equality. The paper presents a brief analysis of the evolution of the main indicators of the female labor market, aged between 15-34, under the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, at the level of the European Union and Romania. Keywords: employment of young women, young NEETs, impact, health crisis, gender equality JEL Classification: E24, J13, J16, J21

IntroductionThe novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2), has spread rapidly to become a major global public health emergency since March 2020. Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) has been observed more frequently since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsAll patients referred to our 24/7 Airway Diseases Center for laryngotracheal post-intubation/tracheostomy stenosis from May 2020 to May 2021were evaluated retrospectively. Patient data on comorbidities, diagnosis, type of procedures, lengths of ICU stay and invasive mechanical ventilation, medical treatment, and the severity of illness were recorded.ResultsThis case series included nine patients (five women and four men), with a mean age of 52.9 years, most with a BMI >30, all with a severe illness revealed by the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II >31. From May 2020 to May 2021, 21 procedures were performed on seven patients, consisting of bronchoscopic rigid interventions, T-tube Montgomery tracheostomy, and one cricotracheal resection with end-to-end anastomosis. Histologic examination of tracheal biopsies showed an inflammatory state of the airway mucosa. Two patients only had medical therapy.Discussion and ConclusionsPneumonia caused by SARSCoV-2 can lead to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. The time of intubation, the drugs used, the prone position, comorbidities (diabetes, obesity), and the inflammatory state of the upper airways linked to the viral infection, predispose to an increased tendency to stenosis and its recurrence. A conservative approach with medical and endoscopic treatment should be preferred in case of persistence of local airways inflammation. Further studies with a larger sample of patients will help to a better understanding of the disease, reduce the prevalence, and improve its treatment.

The process of transition from the super centralized economy to the market economy has generated, in the agriculture and rural development of Romania, multiple economic and social problems. Therefore, it is normal for concerns about identifying solutions and methods to solve them to mobilize more and more specialists in the field (Dona, Dobre, Georgely, 2005). In this context, the experience of other countries could not be ignored, among which a special place is occupied by the member countries of the European Union. At present, agriculture and rural development in Romania continue to be in a state of crisis, and the economy is far from stable in order to sustain it. On the contrary, the declining ratio of rising prices for agricultural products to those of industrial products bought by farmers deepens price shifts, leading us to the conclusion that agriculture is declining compared to other countries, especially those in the EU, which represents the model and the target it aims at. In this context, we mention that Romania is in the process of implementing the European model of agriculture and rural development. Starting from the general (principles, mechanisms) and reaching the particular (the case of the European Union countries and the situation in Romania), by analysing the rural area, the paper tries to formulate solutions and proposals according to the concrete conditions regarding the creation of a favourable economic environment. development, in the sense of consolidating a sustainable and multifunctional development of the rural space (Patriche, n.d.). Keywords: rural potential, rural environment, rural tourism, sustainable development JEL Classification: Q11, Q13, Q16, Q24, Q32, R14

Migration is one of the defining characteristics of the 21st century. People are migrating to overcome poverty, escape conflicts or cope with economic and environmental shocks. Although the relationship between migration and development is increasingly recognized, it remains unexplored. Lack of opportunities and investment in countries of origin can lead to migration. Migration can also improve development and investment in countries of origin, fill workforce gaps and foster innovation in host countries, but also contribute to development in transit countries. It is an effective tool for reducing poverty, not only for the migrants themselves but also for their families and their wider communities. Through significant contributions to economic and social development, migration can be a key factor in achieving sustainable development goals. The 2030 Agenda is the first international framework that includes and recognizes migration as a dimension of development, which recognizes both the important contributions of migration to sustainable development and the specific vulnerabilities that migrants may face. The paper presents a brief analysis of the measure and structure of global migratory flows, as well as the relationship between migration and sustainable development in the 2030 Agenda and the impact of migration on key development outcomes.

Remittances - or money sent to the country by Romanians working abroad - are very difficult to measure accurately, there are situations in which they do not reach relatives through banks or fast transfer companies, but in envelopes by bus drivers, cash sent through friends or colleagues who return to the country or even more sophisticated procedures: Romanians make a card at a foreign bank, come with the card and leave it to a relative in the country, and the card is also supplied from abroad, without being taken national records [4]. Migration experts say that the level of remittances can be at most a proxy for the intention to return to the country of the sender of money. The remittance of substantial amounts can be associated with the hypothesis of building a house or the firm intention to return to Romania, while decreasing remittances can be associated with the reverse hypothesis [2]. In the current conditions in which the pandemic, which has become global, of COVID-19 has "upset" all national economies, which has led to massive layoffs, the closure of enterprises from the smallest to the largest we are witnessing a phenomenon unique after 1990, namely the massive return of Romanian emigrants[1]. In this context, we considered opportune an analysis of the impact of remittances of Romanian migrants on economic growth, remittances that will certainly be greatly diminished in the next period, or maybe even stopped.

Globalization has led to a marked increase of migration to all corners of the world, supported by several factors, either economic, social, environmental or political instability, the development of sophisticated modern transport systems and networks that have facilitated much travel. easier, cheaper and faster than at any time in human history. Characteristic for the migration phenomenon from the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 3rd millennium is the change in the structure, size and typology of the migration flows, in the last years, the demand on the labor market in the countries of origin being addressed especially to the highly qualified immigrants. The determinants of international migration are diverse and complex. From the reasons classified as "push" or "pull", globalization has introduced a third set of motivations called "network", which includes free flow of information, improved communication worldwide, faster and with lower transport costs. in recent decades. These latter factors, in fact, are not a direct cause of migration, but are favorable elements of migration. It is also worth noting that modern globalization is not only determined by technological progress, but also by political and ideological changes. The paper presents a brief analysis of the main features of globalization and its impact on the volume, structure and trends of migration flows.

In the last decades, worldwide, international migration has increased significantly, the stock of migrants reaching over 281 million people in 2020 compared to 173.59 million people in 200. Of the total migrants, 48% are women, and of these, almost 2/3 work in the service industry. During the Covid-19 pandemic, mobility and travel restrictions jeopardized the income of migrant women, especially domestic workers. The paper presents a brief analysis of the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on migrant women employed in health and social care institutions, those working in households, but also on those with precarious and informal jobs, or with irregular migration status. Keywords: migration, migrant workers, Covid-19 pandemic, gender differences JEL Classification: F22, F24, O15, R23

In the last decades, worldwide, international migration has increased significantly, the stock of migrants reaching over 281 million people in 2020 compared to 173.59 million people in 200. Of the total migrants, 48% are women, and of these, almost 2/3 work in the service industry. During the Covid-19 pandemic, mobility and travel restrictions jeopardized the income of migrant women, especially domestic workers. The paper presents a brief analysis of the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on migrant women employed in health and social care institutions, those working in households, but also on those with precarious and informal jobs, or with irregular migration status. Keywords: migration, migrant workers, Covid-19 pandemic, gender differences JEL Classification: F22, F24, O15, R23

COVID-19 generated a decrease in remittances worldwide from March to April 2020, a decrease that was initially forecast at about 20% throughout 2020. Final figures showed that they decreased by only 1,2% worldwide. However, the values differ from country to country (World Bank, 2020). The restrictive measures imposed by the quarantine, the decrease of incomes, the loss of jobs, but also the economic uncertainty discouraged the citizens to send money home. Given that remittances account for a significant percentage of the annual GDP of many countries, a reduction in them generates multiple socio-economic implications (Giuliano and Ruiz-Arranz, 2009). This paper aims to make a brief assessment of the evolution of migrant remittances in 2020, a year marked by numerous restrictions and socio-economic events related to the Coronavirus pandemic (worldbank.org). Keywords: Labor force migration, remittances, COVID-19 Classification JEL: J1, J61, C33

Blood brain barrier (BBB) is formed by the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) lining the wall of brain capillaries. Its integrity is regulated by multiple mechanisms, including up/downregulation of tight junction proteins or adhesion molecules, altered Ca

The chronic shortage of workers in the health care field in countries all over the world has severe consequences for their population and implications spilling over far beyond their borders. At global level, according to the report Migration of Health Workers from 2014, there were about 60 million workers in the health care field, but distributed unevenly among countries and regions. The total number of health workers is still unable to satisfy the demands of many populations regarding access to the required health care services. Thus, both developed countries and developing countries struggle to meet the huge challenges triggered by the imbalance between the increasing demand of medical services and the supply of medical personnel within the health care systems. The migration abroad of the medical personnel from Romania has complex motivations and displays an increasing trend for the last decade, and this deepens the structural crisis within the public health care system. “Brain exodus” of Romanian professionals trained in the health care field might cause severe economic damage, especially when the education system is incapable of replacing those who left abroad. The paper intends a brief analysis of the dimensions and structure of the migration flows of medical personnel from Romania, in an European context.

The migratory phenomenon of the 1980s in Europe is characterized by political and economic changes in the East-West region, which led to the emigration of the populations from the former socialist states to the countries of Western Europe, economically developed countries. In this context, the developed countries have taken restrictive measures. Regarding the migration of the 1990s, the analysis reveals that the form of migration from this time is a labor force and temporary migration called "pendular" in the EU countries, the situation being different from previous migrations that were predominantly permanent With regard to the mobility of the Romanian labor force in the European Union, finding a job is the main cause of emigration. On this background, it is noted that men are particularly focused in the construction sector, while women find a job easier in domestic services. This situation exposes Romanians, especially men, to an increased risk of unemployment.

In the context of postmodern society, by extrapolation, of postmodern pedagogy, where a special place belongs to the permanent education, it becomes imperative to manifest the new educations, as pedagogical answers to the problems of the present society. Being aware of the problems and values of today's society, mankind has been able to formulate its problem-solving strategies, entailing the values within which they are. The most important type of strategies is the one that realizes the change of mentality. And it is known that any change of mindset occurs effectively and globally through the transformative action of education. In this sense, we believe that the new educational model, called New education, has an overwhelming importance for the economic growth in the 20th century. XXI.

Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and organ-on-a-chip (OOC) devices are highly versatile platforms that enable miniaturization and advanced controlled laboratory functions (i.e., microfluidics, advanced optical or electrical recordings, high-throughput screening). The manufacturing advancements of LOCs/OOCs for biomedical applications and their current limitations are briefly discussed. Multiple studies have exploited the advantages of mimicking organs or tissues on a chip. Among these, we focused our attention on the brain-on-a-chip, blood–brain barrier (BBB)-on-a-chip, and neurovascular unit (NVU)-on-a-chip applications. Mainly, we review the latest developments of brain-on-a-chip, BBB-on-a-chip, and NVU-on-a-chip devices and their use as testing platforms for high-throughput pharmacological screening. In particular, we analyze the most important contributions of these studies in the field of neurodegenerative diseases and their relevance in translational personalized medicine.

The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented challenge, with very severe socio-economic consequences. We are committed to doing everything necessary to meet this challenge in a spirit of solidarity (Buck, Arnold, Chazan, Cookson, 2020). A coordinated and comprehensive strategy is needed to address urgent health needs, support economic activity and prepare the ground for recovery. This strategy should combine short, medium and long-term initiatives, taking into account the spreads and links between our economies and the need to maintain confidence and stability. Several measures have already been taken at national and EU level, as set out in the Eurogroup statement, in an inclusive format from 16 March. Medium-term and longer-term planning is needed for how the economy is rebalanced and revived following this crisis. A comprehensive socio-economic development plan, including sectoral sectoral plans and an ecosystem that encourages entrepreneurship so that those with strong and sustainable business models can flourish. Governments and financial institutions need to constantly reassess the situation and ensure that things do not get out of hand (Marek, 2020). Keywords: Labor force migration, development, COVID-19 JEL Classification: J1, J61, C33

Blood brain barrier (BBB) is formed by the brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) lining the wall of brain capillaries. Its integrity is regulated by multiple mechanisms, including up/downregulation of tight junction proteins or adhesion molecules, altered Ca2+ homeostasis, remodeling of cytoskeleton, that are confined at the level of BMVECs. Beside the contribution of BMVECs to BBB permeability changes, other cells, such as pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, leukocytes or neurons, etc. are also exerting direct or indirect modulatory effects on BBB. Alterations in BBB integrity play a key role in multiple brain pathologies, including neurological (e.g. epilepsy) and neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis etc.). In this review, the principal Ca2+ signaling pathways in brain microvascular endothelial cells are discussed and their contribution to BBB integrity is emphasized. Improving the knowledge of Ca2+ homeostasis alterations in BMVECa is fundamental to identify new possible drug targets that diminish/prevent BBB permeabilization in neurological and neurodegenerative disorders.

Breast cancer is particularly recognized as highly unpredictible, even from early stages. Practice has shown the need for personalised treatment in cancer patients. It is mandatory, as it is highly useful, to establish the aggressiveness profile of a malignant breast tumor, in order to plan a targeted treatment.

In the coming decades, international migration remains a real process and may vary, taking into account political and economic changes, innovative technological and social changes, growing demographic imbalances, the effects of climate change and globalization trends. In order to increase the positive effects and minimize the negative effects in the field of labor migration, the following aspects can be identified: stimulating return migration and circular labor migration; creating favorable conditions for the business of returned migrants and the development of SMEs in the regions; adapting national educational policies to the needs of the labor market; more active and effective involvement of the diaspora in development policies (Anghelache et al., 2016). Romania has been and is a country of origin or transit in migration flows. Its entry into the group of EU member states coupled with the increase in revenue will certainly lead to a change in this situation. Taking as an example country like Spain or Italy and more recently Poland, Hungary or Slovakia after joining the EU in 2004, Romania will become both a source and destination country so that the number of emigrants will be exceeded by the number of immigrants (United Nations, 2015a). That is why I consider it appropriate to analyze the demographic structure of emigration and immigration of the population. Keywords: Labor force migration, demographic structure of migrations JELClassification: J1, J61, C33

Advanced computational techniques and mathematical modeling have become more and more important to the study of cardiac electrophysiology. In this review, we provide a brief history of the evolution of cardiomyocyte electrophysiology models and highlight some of the most important ones that had a major impact on our understanding of the electrical activity of the myocardium and associated transmembrane ion fluxes in normal and pathological states. We also present the use of these models in the study of various arrhythmogenesis mechanisms, particularly the integration of experimental pharmacology data into advanced humanized models for in silico proarrhythmogenic risk prediction as an essential component of the Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) drug safety paradigm.

The analysis of the problems related to the migration of Romanians presupposes the detailed knowledge of the motivations and characteristics of the migrants, of their circulation, but also of some related data, whose influence on the migration phenomenon can be direct or indirect. Knowing the motivations of Romanians to emigrate, but also the strategies used to leave Romania, can give us an overview of the migration phenomenon, with all the variety it covers. These strategies were adapted according to the period in which they migrated, but also according to the possibilities of each individual. Until 2014, the strategies used were: permanent (stable) migration, circular migration, internal migration, return migration and double migration (remigration). After 2015, a new orientation emerged (multiple migration), determined in particular by the fact that these migrants could not adapt to the places where they resettled. These areas represented either Romania or other places in the countries belonging to the European Union. The migratory itinerary and social networks argue the existence of the social capital necessary to obtain the migration project. The migration phenomenon can largely be considered positive for the country of origin, but this phenomenon can also have negative consequences: due to the migration of women of childbearing age; due to the fact that migrants are not only those with an average level of education, but also an important part of intellectual capital; due to the accentuation of depopulation in rural Romania (visible consequence of migration), which has intensified especially in the last two decades (Aceleanu, 2011). Keywords: Labor force migration, development JEL Classification: J1, J61, C33

Calcium levels have a huge impact on the physiology of the female reproductive system, in particular, of the ovaries. Cytosolic calcium levels are influenced by regulatory proteins (i.e., ion channels and pumps) localized in the plasmalemma and/or in the endomembranes of membrane-bound organelles. Imbalances between plasma membrane and organelle-based mechanisms for calcium regulation in different ovarian cell subtypes are contributing to ovarian pathologies, including ovarian cancer. In this review, we focused our attention on altered calcium transport and its role as a contributor to tumor progression in ovarian cancer. The most important proteins described as contributing to ovarian cancer progression are inositol trisphosphate receptors, ryanodine receptors, transient receptor potential channels, calcium ATPases, hormone receptors, G-protein-coupled receptors, and/or mitochondrial calcium uniporters. The involvement of mitochondrial and/or endoplasmic reticulum calcium imbalance in the development of resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs in ovarian cancer is also discussed, since Ca2+ channels and/or pumps are nowadays regarded as potential therapeutic targets and are even correlated with prognosis.

The spread of COVID-19 and the drastic blockages that followed led to the placement of economies and labor markets around the world in a state of emergency. Governments are fighting to protect jobs and businesses. Some of the measures identified and implemented are short-term telework and support for companies and the self-employed. The epidemic caused by coronavirus poses a threat to the European economy and to the living standards of its citizens. In the short term, this means an extreme disruption of citizens and labor markets, as countries impose travel restrictions and blockages at the national level to slow the spread of the virus and prevent overwhelming health services. Governments need to find great ways to protect workers and their economies from financial hardship and potential collapse (Sohrabi et al., 2020). The recession seems inevitable. Citizens themselves also face exceptional limitations on their movements, which could have overwhelming effects on their health and well-being. But the full effects of the crisis are still unknown and could last for many years. Keywords: Labor market, COVID-19, measures; JEL Classification: J20, J28, J29

Labor migration is the subject of many specialized studies that are the subject of interdisciplinary sciences such as economics, international affairs, European law, sociology and many others. Due to the evolution of the Romanian economy in recent years, it is important and necessary for any future economist to understand this topic as well as possible (Petrozziello, 2013). Looking ahead, it is necessary to know as much information as possible about the factors underlying the development of the country’s economy, as well as about the factors that determine this migration of labor force at international level. If the main reason why at this moment the labor force chose to leave the country of origin and to migrate to the states with a developed economy is a better life, the aim is to provide children with a better future. Worldwide (Katseli et all, 2006), it is currently estimated that there are over 200 million migrants, even the International Day of the Migrant is established, in which this phenomenon has become normal, and in which, mainly, information on human rights is disseminated and to the freedoms of migrants. Nor is Romania outside this framework of international normality, only that the elements of distinction are generated by the reasons for emigration, which, as will be analysed, in a synthetic form, in the following case study, are confined to both economic factors. but, last but not least, the socio-political factors. The paper addresses the problems of international migration and the importance of the migration of the labor force at present on the economic development of a country. Keywords: labor force migration, development, migration theories

The cardiovascular system acts like a well-trained orchestra, where exosomes play a role in paracrine and autocrine signaling. Exosomes derived from various cell subtypes, ensure the cell-to-cell communication in the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems. These exosomes, found in all biological fluids, are involved in the stimulation of endothelial cell migration, angiogenesis and cardiac/blood vessels repair upon injury in physiological and pathological conditions. This chapter reviews the role of exosomes in a variety of cardiovascular and vascular neurodegenerative diseases. These roles vary from biomarkers to endogenous cargos and therapeutical bioengineered transfer systems. Possible benefits conferred by exosomes in the cardiac regeneration and repair are also discussed.

Vocational education and training systems are in the midst of changes and transitions to the knowledge-based economy and society and therefore their continuous adaptation is required. The relevance of vocational education and training (VET) for the labor market remains a challenge, but the new initiatives aim to improve the situation. In Europe, the economic and social developments of the last decade have shown the increasing need for a European dimension of vocational education and training. Moreover, the transition to a knowledge-based economy, capable of sustainable economic growth, with more and better jobs, with a higher degree of social cohesion, creates new challenges in the field of human resources development. Keywords: education, professional training, vocational education, labor market

Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine have been proposed recently as therapy for SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, but during 3 months of extensive use concerns were raised related to their clinical effectiveness and arrhythmogenic risk. Therefore, we estimated for these compounds several proarrhythmogenic risk predictors according to the Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) paradigm. Experiments were performed with either CytoPatch™2 automated or manual patch-clamp setups on HEK293T cells stably or transiently transfected with hERG1, hNav1.5, hKir2.1, hKv7.1+hMinK, and on Pluricyte® cardiomyocytes (Ncardia), using physiological solutions. Dose-response plots of hERG1 inhibition fitted with Hill functions yielded IC50 values in the low micromolar range for both compounds. We found hyperpolarizing shifts of tens of mV, larger for chloroquine, in the voltage-dependent activation but not inactivation, as well as a voltage-dependent block of hERG current, larger at positive potentials. We also found inhibitory effects on peak and late INa and on IK1, with IC50 of tens of μM and larger for chloroquine. The two compounds, tested on Pluricyte® cardiomyocytes using the β-escin-perforated method, inhibited IKr, ICaL, INa peak, but had no effect on If. In current-clamp they caused action potential prolongation. Our data and those from literature for Ito were used to compute proarrhythmogenic risk predictors Bnet (Mistry HB, 2018) and Qnet (Dutta S et al., 2017), with hERG1 blocking/unblocking rates estimated from time constants of fractional block. Although the two antimalarials are successfully used in autoimmune diseases, and chloroquine may be effective in atrial fibrillation, assays place these drugs in the intermediate proarrhythmogenic risk group., Graphical abstract Image 1