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Background and Objectives: Basal carcinoma of the skin (BCC) is part of the nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) family and is the most frequently occurring type of skin cancer in humans. A combination of clinical and histopathological approaches is necessary in order to establish the best treatment regime for patients who have been diagnosed with this type of cancer. The objective of the present study was to establish the statistical value of prediction for certain sociodemographic characteristics (age category and environment of origin) and histopathological parameters of the subjects that could be related to the incidence of diagnosis with certain histopathological subtypes of BCC. Materials and Methods: In order to verify the veracity of the established research hypotheses, we conducted a retrospective study based on the histopathological reports of 216 patients who were treated at the Pathology Department of Mureș Clinical County Hospital. Results: Cystic BCC is higher in patients who are older than 71 years of age, and the superficial multicentric and keratotic subtypes are more frequently diagnosed in urban areas. Patients who have been diagnosed with the superficial multicentric BCC subtype are not usually very old in contrast to the patients who tend to be diagnosed with the cystic BCC subtype. The nodular BCC subtype is positively associated with ulceration (p = 0.004); the superficial multicentric BCC subtype is positively associated with intra- and peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate (p = 0.022, p = 0.034) and negatively associated with ulceration (r = −0.218, p = 0.001). The infiltrative BCC subtype is positively associated with ulceration (p = 0.021), and the keratotic BCC subtype is positively associated with peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Depending on each patient’s epidemiological and sociodemographic data, a pattern can be established regarding the appropriate clinical and treatment approaches for that patient, which can be supported based on the implications of the histopathological diagnostic. This can lead to an improvement in the patient’s quality of life and increased satisfaction with the provided medical services.

Introducere. Infecțiile la nou-născuți reprezintă un subiect studiat la scară largă la nivel mondial. Infecțiile neonatale sunt de două tipuri: cele cu debut precoce, dobândite, cu microrganisme provenite de la nivelul tractul genital feminin sau peripartum, și cele cu debut târziu, apărute ca urmare a unor proceduri invazive, din cauza unor germeni nosocomiali sau invazive, peri- sau postpartum. Obiective. Scopul studiului a fost identificarea unor factori predictivi ai infecțiilor neonatale cu debut precoce. Material și metode. Am realizat un studiu prospectiv în cadrul Clinicii de Neonatologie din cadrul Spitalului Clinic Județean din Tg. Mureș, România, în perioada ianuarie 2017 – martie 2019. Rezultate. În cadrul studiului, au fost incluși 120 de nou-născuți, dintre care 15 (12,5%) au avut scorul APGAR 10 la 1 minut. La 5 minute, 57 (47,5%) au avut APGAR 10. Tipul nașterii: 59 (49,2%) dintre pacienți au fost născuți pe cale vaginală și 61 (50,8%) prin cezariană. Vârsta gestațională medie a fost de 39,04 săptămâni. Greutatea medie la naștere a fost 3.197,33 g, iar la externare a fost de 3.126,12 g. Media lungimii fătului a fost 51,62 cm, iar media perimetrului cranian a fost 33,48 cm. Cel mai frecvent, pacienții au prezentat patologie infecțioasă neonatală precoce (n = 40), frecvent asociată cu afectarea sistemului pulmonar. Durata medie de spitalizare a fost de de 4 zile, cu o medie de spitalizare de 6,15 zile. Scorul APGAR la 1 minut și la 5 minute s-a corelat semnificativ statistic cu numărul de zile de internare și cu paritatea. Concluzii. Scorul APGAR la 1 minut și la 5 minute a reprezentat în studiul nostru cel mai fidel indicator pentru riscul de infecție neonatală. Valorile sale s-au corelat cu numărul de zile de internare. Numărul de zile de internare s-a corelat și cu paritatea.

Melanoma is the most aggressive melanocytic tumor whose incidence is continuously increasing worldwide. Methods: We highlight the morphological, immunohistochemistry, and particularities of various melanoma types based on the cases diagnosed in our department from 2017 to 2021. Results: We present 100 melanoma cases and one capsular nevus case. The most common type was nodular melanoma. The immunohistochemistry markers used were SRY-box transcription factor 10 (SOX10), S100 protein, human melanoma black 45 (HMB45), and melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1 (Melan-A). Uveal melanoma and conjunctival melanoma represent particular tumors with independent prognostic factors. Uveal melanoma requires assessment of macrophages, microvascularisation, and mitoses. Sentinel lymph node metastases are essential targets that provide staging tools. Conjunctival melanoma and capsular nevi are diagnostic pitfalls. Conclusion: Melanoma can appear in various forms, and sometimes the diagnosis might be unclear. Today, immunohistochemistry remains the most important tool in confirming the diagnosis and prognosis for this type of neoplasia.

Melanoma is currently known as one of the most aggressive malignant tumors. The prognostic factors and particularities of this neoplasm are a persistent hot topic in the medical field. This review has multiple purposes. First, we aim to summarize the known data regarding the histological and immunohistochemical appearance of this versatile tumor and to look further into the analysis of several widely used prognostic markers, such as B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase BRAF. The second purpose is to analyze the data on the new prognostic markers, V-domain Immunoglobulin Suppressor of T cell Activation (VISTA) and Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). VISTA is a novel target that is considered to be highly important in determining the invasive potential and treatment response of a melanoma, and there are currently only a limited number of studies describing its role. PD-L1 is a marker with whose importance has been revealed in multiple types of malignancies, but its exact role regarding melanoma remains under investigation. In conclusion, the gathered data highlights the importance of correlations between these markers toward providing patients with a better outcome.

Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has globally affected health systems and services. Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common malignancies around the world. This study aimed to analyze the differences in the benign and malignant histopathological diagnoses performed on radical excision skin tumors and skin biopsies in the dermatopathology ward in Mures Clinical County Hospital, Targu Mures, Romania, 1 year prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic, to emphasize the changes in the diagnostic process as per the new regulations. Materials and Methods: A total of 1168 histopathological diagnoses were included in the study—302 from the COVID-19 period and 866 from the non-COVID-19 period—considering the number, type, and frequency of the histopathological diagnoses as variables to be analyzed. Results: In the COVID-19 period, out of the 55 NMSC and melanoma histopathological diagnoses, 50.9% (n = 28) were BCCs, 20% (n = 11) were SCCs, 10.9% (n = 6) were basosquamous cell carcinomas, and 18.18% (n = 10) were melanoma cases. Regarding the non-COVID-19 period, out of the 173 NMSC and melanoma histopathological diagnoses, 46.82% (n = 81) were BCCs, 22.54% (n = 39) were SCCs, 7.51% (n = 13) were basosquamous cell carcinomas, and 23.12% (n = 40) were melanoma cases. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, a decrease in histopathological diagnoses at the dermatopathology ward in our hospital was observed, for both benign and malignant pathologies, especially for NMSCs and melanomas, compared to the same period 1 year prior to the pandemic.

Introduction. Infections in newborns are a widely studied topic worldwide. Neonatal infections are of two types: those with early onset, acquired from microorganisms from the female genital tract or peripartum and those with late onset, which appeared as a result of invasive procedures, due to nosocomial or invasive germs peri- or postpartum. Objectives. The aim of the study was to identify predictors of early-onset neonatal infections. Material and methods. We conducted a prospective study at the Neonatology Clinic within the County Clinical Hospital in Tg. Mures, Romania, between January 2017 and March 2019. Results. The study included 120 newborns, of which 15 (12.5%) had an APGAR score of 10 per 1 minute. At 5 minutes, 57 (47.5%) had an APGAR score of 10. Type of birth: 59 (49.2%) of the patients were born vaginally and 61 (50.8%) by cesarean section. The average of the gestational age was 39.04 weeks. The average weight at birth was 3,197.33 g, and at discharge was 3,126.12 g. The average length of the new-borns was 51.62 cm, and the average of the cranial perimeter was 33.48 cm. Most frequently, patients presented infectious pathologies, early neonatal (n = 40), frequently associated with the damage of the lung system. The average length of time spent in hospital was of 4 days, with an average of 6.15 days. The APGAR score at 1 minute and 5 minutes was statistically significantly correlated with the number of days of hospitalization and parity of the mother. Conclusions. The APGAR score at 1 minute and 5 minutes was the most accurate indicator for the risk of neonatal infection in our study. Its values correlated with the number of days of hospitalization. The number of hospitalization days was also correlated with parity.