Search

Supported Ministry of Science and Innovation (Instituto de Salud Carlos III), grants FIS PI20/0317 and ICI21/00010 (NANOULCOR). Supported by grant CSyF PI-0086-2020 from Consejería de Salud y Familias, Junta de Andalucía, Spain and grant B-CTS-504-UGR20 (Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020, University of Granada and Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades). Cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the “Una manera de hacer Europa” program., The Supplementary Material for this article can be found online at: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1124995/ full#supplementary-material SUPPLEMENTARY FIGURE S1 Immunofluorescence analysis of the OAC and HAC tissues kept ex vivo and grafted in vivo and control native human corneas (H) and rabbit corneas (R) using an anti-human mitochondria primary antibody. Scale bar: 50 μm (applicable to all images)., Purpose: We carried out a histological characterization analysis of the stromal layer of human heterotypic cornea substitutes generated with extra-corneal cells to determine their putative usefulness in tissue engineering. Methods: Human bioartificial corneas were generated using nanostructured fibrin-agarose biomaterials with corneal stromal cells immersed within. To generate heterotypical corneas, umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly stem cells (HWJSC) were cultured on the surface of the stromal substitutes to obtain an epithelial-like layer. These bioartificial corneas were compared with control native human corneas and with orthotypical corneas generated with human corneal epithelial cells on top of the stromal substitute. Both the corneal stroma and the basement membrane were analyzed using histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical methods in samples kept in culture and grafted in vivo for 12 months in the rabbit cornea. Results: Our results showed that the stroma of the bioartificial corneas kept ex vivo showed very low levels of fibrillar and non-fibrillar components of the tissue extracellular matrix. However, in vivo implantation resulted in a significant increase of the contents of collagen, proteoglycans, decorin, keratocan and lumican in the corneal stroma, showing higher levels of maturation and spatial organization of these components. Heterotypical corneas grafted in vivo for 12 months showed significantly higher contents of collagen fibers, proteoglycans and keratocan. When the basement membrane was analyzed, we found that all corneas grafted in vivo showed intense PAS signal and higher contents of nidogen-1, although the levels found in human native corneas was not reached, and a rudimentary basement membrane was observed using transmission electron microscopy. At the epithelial level, HWJSC used to generate an epithelial-like layer in ex vivo corneas were mostly negative for p63, whereas orthotypical corneas and heterotypical corneas grafted in vivo were positive. Conclusion: These results support the possibility of generating bioengineered artificial corneas using non-corneal HWJSC. Although heterotypical corneas were not completely biomimetic to the native human corneas, especially ex vivo, in vivo grafted corneas demonstrated to be highly biocompatible, and the animal cornea became properly differentiated at the stroma and basement membrane compartments. These findings open the door to the future clinical use of these bioartificial corneas., Ministry of Science and Innovation (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) FIS PI20/0317 ICI21/00010, Junta de Andalucia PI-0086-2020, University of Granada and Consejeria de Transformacion Economica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades) B-CTS-504-UGR20, European Commission

La Parada Cardiorrespiratoria (PCR) es un problema de salud pública en los países desarrollados. De acuerdo con La Sociedad Española de Resucitación, en España hay alrededor de treinta mil muertes al año y unos veinte mil intentos de resucitación, y aun así hasta hace muy poco los alumnos de Medicina no recibían formación reglada en Soporte Vital Avanzado (SVA). Con la introducción en 2018 de una nueva asignatura afrontamos este problema, y sin embargo nos encontramos con que no está establecido qué tipo de Soporte Vital es el adecuado para nuestros estudiantes. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar de manera comparativa el nivel de adquisición de competencias en SVA y SVI y su evolución temporal en estudiantes de quinto y sexto de Medicina de la Universidad de Granada (UGR). Para alcanzar este objetivo, obtuvimos datos en una primera evaluación de los alumnos de medicina que participaron en la asignatura optativa de SVA en la Universidad de Granada durante los meses de Octubre y Noviembre (2019). Meses después, se llevó a cabo una nueva re evaluación durante los meses de Febrero y Marzo de 2020 a la misma muestra de estudiantes, gracias a la cual obtuvimos los datos para la comparación. Dichos datos mostraron que el nivel de adquisición de competencias en SVI supera al de las competencias que componen el SVA y, además, el efecto de la Curva del Olvido para las competencias incluidas en el SVI es menor. De esta manera, se puede concluir que las competencias que componen el SVI presentan un mayor nivel de adquisición, y un menor efecto de la Curva del Olvido y por tanto deberían ser las que pasaran a formar parte de la formación para los estudiantes de Medicina de la Universidad de Granada. Cardiac arrest (CA) is a major public health problem in developed countries. According to the Spanish Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Council, in Spain there are around thirty thousand deaths a year and about twenty thousand resuscitation attempts, and yet until very recently medical students did not receive formal training in Advanced Life Support (ALS). With the introduction in 2018 of a new subject, we faced the problem of not having established what type of Life Support was appropriate for our students. As a result, the aim of this study is to analyze in a comparative way the degree of acquisition of competences in ALS and Immediate Life Support (ILS) and their temporal evolution by the students of fifth and sixth year (Medicine Degree) of the University of Granada (UGR). To achieve that aim, we obtained the data in an initial evaluation to the medical students who enrolled in the optional subject of Advanced Life Support in the Faculty of Medicine (UGR), during the months of October and November (2019). This evaluation was carried out by external evaluators and was based on the ERC 2015 guidelines. Months later, a reassessment that was carried out during the months of February and March 2020 to the same sample of students gave us the data for the comparison. Data showed that the degree of acquisition of competencies related to the ILS exceeds the level of acquisition of the competences included within the ALS, and that the effect of the Oblivion Curve for the competences included in the ILS is lower than those included in the ALS. We could conclude that the competences that are integrated within the ILS present a higher level of acquisition and a lesser effect on the forgetting curve, so they should become part of the curricular content of the UGR Medical Degree.

BACKGROUND Tissue engineering (TE) constitutes a multidisciplinary field aiming to construct artificial tissues to regenerate end-staged organs. Its development has taken placed since the last decade of the 20th century, entailing a clinical revolution. In this sense, TE research groups have worked and shared relevant information in the mass media era. Thus, it would be interesting to study the online dimension of TE research and to compare it with traditional measures of scientific impact. OBJECTIVE To evaluate TE online dimension from 2012 to 2018 by using metadata obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) and Altmetrics and to develop a prediction equation for the impact of TE documents from Almetrics scores. METHODS We have analyzed 23,719 TE documents through descriptive and statistical methods. First, TE temporal evolution was exposed for WoS and fifteen online platforms (News, Blogs, Policy, Twitter, Patents, Peer review, Weibo, Facebook, Wikipedia, Google, Reddit, F1000, Q&A, Video and Mendeley readers). The 10 most-cited TE original articles were ranked according to WoS citations and the Altmetric Attention Score. Second, in order to better comprehend TE online framework, a correlation and factorial analysis were performed based on the suitable results previously obtained for the Bartlett Sphericity and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin tests. Finally, the liner regression model was applied to elucidate the relation between academy and online media and to construct a prediction equation for TE from Altmetrics data. RESULTS TE dynamic shows an upward trend in WoS citations, Twitter, Mendeley Readers and Altmetric Scores. However, WoS and Altmetrics rankings for the most cited documents clearly differs. When compared, the best correlation results were obtained for Mendeley readers and WoS (ρ=0.71). In addition, the factorial analysis identified six factors that could explain the previously observed differences between TE academy, and the online platforms evaluated. At this point, the mathematical model constructed is able to predict and explain more than the 40% of TE WoS citations from Altmetrics scores. CONCLUSIONS The scientific information related to the construction of bioartificial tissues increasingly reaches society through different online media. Because of the focus of TE research importantly differs when the academic institutions and online platforms are compared, it could be stated that basic and clinical research groups, academic institutions and health politicians should take it into account in a coordinated effort oriented to the design and implementation of adequate strategies for information diffusion and population health education.

Supplementary Materials The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/7/1692/s1, Table S1: Statistical comparison of staining intensity for histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses in the specific samples considered in the present study., Recent advances in tissue engineering offer innovative clinical alternatives in dentistry and regenerative medicine. Tissue engineering combines human cells with compatible biomaterials to induce tissue regeneration. Shortening the fabrication time of biomaterials used in tissue engineering will contribute to treatment improvement, and biomaterial functionalization can be exploited to enhance scaffold properties. In this work, we have tested an alternative biofabrication method by directly including human oral mucosa tissue explants within the biomaterial for the generation of human bioengineered mouth and dental tissues for use in tissue engineering. To achieve this, acellular fibrin–agarose scaffolds (AFAS), non-functionalized fibrin-agarose oral mucosa stroma substitutes (n-FAOM), and novel functionalized fibrin-agarose oral mucosa stroma substitutes (F-FAOM) were developed and analyzed after 1, 2, and 3 weeks of in vitro development to determine extracellular matrix components as compared to native oral mucosa controls by using histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Results demonstrate that functionalization speeds up the biofabrication method and contributes to improve the biomimetic characteristics of the scaffold in terms of extracellular matrix components and reduce the time required for in vitro tissue development., Spanish Plan Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica, Desarrollo e Innovacion Tecnologica (I +D +I) of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (ERDF-FEDER, European Union) FIS PI18/331 PI18/332, Plan propio, Universidad de Granada PSETC_19_001, Consejeria de Economia, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad, Junta de Andalucia (European Regional Development Fund -FEDER)

En este trabajo se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica de los artículos más relevantes que han sido publicados en revistas científicas de impacto durante los últimos años con el objetivo de conocer las nuevas opciones terapéuticas en el tratamiento de las complicaciones fistulosas de la Enfermedad de Crohn que repercuten de forma importante en la calidad de vida de los pacientes que la padecen. Las Terapias Avanzadas en este campo, se centran en las células madre como nuevo enfoque en el tratamiento de las fístulas perianales de los enfermos de Crohn. Dentro de la Ingeniería Tisular, el método empleado es la transferencia de células que pueden proceder de diferentes fuentes (mesenquimales o hematopoyéticas) y con diferentes formas de aplicación (local o sistémica) además de distinto origen (alogénico o autólogo). Las células madre pueden obtenerse de tejido adiposo, médula ósea o de origen hematopoyético. La forma más frecuente empleada es a partir de tejido adiposo alogénico administrándolas de forma local en el trayecto de la fístula ya que de esta manera existen menos efectos adversos y la obtención tiene menor morbimortalidad en comparación con el resto de métodos. Las células de origen hematopoyético, hasta hoy, tienen un número relativamente elevado de efectos adversos que no las convierten en una opción aceptable en el tratamiento de estas complicaciones. Actualmente, a pesar de ser una opción de tratamiento aparentemente eficaz y segura, son necesarios más estudios que impliquen mayor número de pacientes con muestras más homogéneas y con un seguimiento mayor en el tiempo., In this work we have reviewed the most relevant articles that have been published in scientific journals of great impact for the last years in order to know the new therapeutic options in the treatment of the fistulous complications in Crohn's Disease, which widely affect to the quality of life in those patients who suffer from it. Advanced Therapies in this field focus on stem cells as a new approach in the treatment of perianal fistulas of Crohn's patients. Within Tissue Engineering, the method used is the transfer of cells that can come from different sources (mesenchymal or hematopoietic) and with different ways of application (local or systemic) as well as from different origin (allogeneic or autologous). Stem cells can be obtained from adipose tissue, bone marrow or hematopoietic origin. The most frequent form used is from allogenic adipose tissue, administering them locally in the path of the fistula since, this way, there are fewer adverse effects and its obtaining has lower morbidity and mortality compared to the rest of the methods. Cells of hematopoietic origin, up to now, have a relatively high number of adverse effects that do not make them an acceptable option in the treatment of these complications. Currently, despite being an apparently effective and safe treatment, it is completely necessary to have more patients with more homogeneous samples and a longer follow-up over time.

En este trabajo se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica de más de treinta artículos relevantes que han sido publicados en revistas científicas de impacto durante los últimos años con el objetivo de conocer la efectividad de las nuevas opciones terapéuticas en la reparación de defectos de la pared abdominal. La Ingeniería Tisular permite el desarrollo de nuevos sustitutos biológicos consistentes en matrices dérmicas acelulares sobre las que se cultivan células de diverso origen. Estas nuevas mallas biológicas no presentan las complicaciones habituales de las mallas artificiales que a día de hoy se utilizan en la clínica quirúrgica de forma rutinaria. Además de reducir la incidencia de complicaciones como son la infección con necesidad de retirada de la misma, falta de estímulo de la cicatrización o formación de seromas, estas nuevas opciones terapéuticas aportan beneficios adicionales como favorecer la angiogénesis, biocompatibilidad, y por tanto disminución del riesgo de infección. Existen varios tipos de matrices acelulares (humana, porcina, bovina,…) sin evidenciarse diferencias significativas entre ellas, siendo la más utilizada la humana. El cultivo de células sobre estas matrices ha demostrado mejores resultados que cuando se utiliza una matriz acelular. La colocación quirúrgica de la malla parece influir en el porcentaje de recidivas, habiéndose mostrado la colocación pre-peritoneal y la técnica de separación anatómica por componentes como las mejores. El principal problema que existe es que los estudios tienen un período de seguimiento corto, por lo que aún no se conocen los resultados a largo plazo de las mismas. A esto se añade el elevado coste de los biomateriales empleados, aún inviable en la práctica quirúrgica diaria. Por todo ello es fundamental una mayor investigación de los nuevos biomateriales para poder trasladar este tipo de opciones terapéuticas a la clínica, así como una adecuada selección del caso y el paciente cuando se decida utilizarlas., In this work we have reviewed more than thirty relevant issues recently published in scientific journal with impact factor in order to estimate the effectiveness of new therapeutic approaches in reparation of abdominal wall defects. Tissue Engineering can be used for the development of new biological substitutes consisting on acellular dermal matrix seeded with different types of cells. These new biological meshes do not present some complications that are relatively common when artificial polymeric meshes are used in actual surgical practice. Besides the decrease of incidences such as infection and need to removal, lack of healing signals, or seromas, these new therapeutic approaches lead to some additional benefits such as to induce angiogenesis, biocompatibility and, thus, decrease of infection risk. There are several types of acellular dermal matrix (human, porcine, bovine …) with no significant evidence among them, although the most used is humanderived matrix. Cell culture over these biomaterials has reported better results than using acellular matrix. Matrix localization can also modify the relapse rate. In this sense, pre-peritoneal localization and anatomical separation of components technique have been reported as the best techniques. The main concern about the included studies is a short-term following period after treatment, and thus, scarce data about long-term effectiveness of these therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, due to the high price of the used biomaterials, these therapies are unfeasible nowadays in daily surgical practice. In summary, it is necessary advanced research about these new biomaterials in order to translate them to daily practice, as well as an adequate diagnosis and selection of the patient to be treated.

We carried out an in vivo study to evaluate the potential usefulness of a novel bioengineered bone substitute for the repair of palate defects in laboratory rabbits, using tissue-engineering methods. Our results showed that the use of a bioengineered bone substitute was associated with more symmetrical palate growth as compared to the controls, and the length and height of the palate were very similar on both sides of the palate, with differences from negative controls 4 months after artificial bone grafting for bone length. The histological analysis revealed that the regenerated bone was well organized and expressed osteocalcin. In contrast, bone corresponding to control animals without tissue grafting was immature, with areas of osteoid tissue and remodelling, as determined by MMP-14 expression. These results suggest that bone substitutes may be a useful strategy to induce the formation of a well-structured palate bone, which could prevent the growth alterations found in cleft palate patients. This opens a door to a future clinical application of these bone substitutes. Copyright © 2015 John WileySons, Ltd.