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For many avian species, spatial migration patterns remain largely undescribed, especially across hemispheric extents. Recent advancements in tracking technologies and high-resolution species distribution models (i.e., eBird Status and Trends products) provide new insights into migratory bird movements and offer a promising opportunity for integrating independent data sources to describe avian migration. Here, we present a three-stage modeling framework for estimating spatial patterns of avian migration. First, we integrate tracking and band re-encounter data to quantify migratory connectivity, defined as the relative proportions of individuals migrating between breeding and nonbreeding regions. Next, we use estimated connectivity proportions along with eBird occurrence probabilities to produce probabilistic least-cost path (LCP) indices. In a final step, we use generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) both to evaluate the ability of LCP indices to accurately predict (i.e., as a covariate) observed locations derived from tracking and band re-encounter data sets versus pseudo-absence locations during migratory periods and to create a fully integrated (i.e., eBird occurrence, LCP, and tracking/band re-encounter data) spatial prediction index for mapping species-specific seasonal migrations. To illustrate this approach, we apply this framework to describe seasonal migrations of 12 bird species across the Western Hemisphere during pre- and postbreeding migratory periods (i.e., spring and fall, respectively). We found that including LCP indices with eBird occurrence in GAMMs generally improved the ability to accurately predict observed migratory locations compared to models with eBird occurrence alone. Using three performance metrics, the eBird + LCP model demonstrated equivalent or superior fit relative to the eBird-only model for 22 of 24 species-season GAMMs. In particular, the integrated index filled in spatial gaps for species with over-water movements and those that migrated over land where there were few eBird sightings and, thus, low predictive ability of eBird occurrence probabilities (e.g., Amazonian rainforest in South America). This methodology of combining individual-based seasonal movement data with temporally dynamic species distribution models provides a comprehensive approach to integrating multiple data types to describe broad-scale spatial patterns of animal movement. Further development and customization of this approach will continue to advance knowledge about the full annual cycle and conservation of migratory birds.

A diverse and inclusive scientific community is more productive, innovative and impactful, yet ecology and evolutionary biology continues to be dominated by white male faculty. We quantify faculty engagement in activities related to diversity and inclusion and identify factors that either facilitate or hinder participation. Through a nationwide survey, we show that faculty with underrepresented identities disproportionally engage in diversity and inclusion activities, yet such engagement was not considered important for tenure. Faculty perceived time and funding as major limitations, which suggests that institutions should reallocate resources and reconsider how faculty are evaluated to promote shared responsibility in advancing diversity and inclusion.

The MMV has produced oil from Tertiary conventional reservoirs for over 80 years. The Near Field Exploration -NFEteam of Ecopetrol focused in 2014 in reviewing and testing additional Cretaceous objectives, for example Simiti, Tablazo, Rosablanca and La Luna Formations, in areas with presence of old oil fields, like Casabe and Tisquirama. For this activity, the Casabe-K1 well was drilled, and the initial results show opportunities for unconventional reservoirs in Tablazo Formation. The chromatographic data collected by GC Tracer TM system, indicated a zone of condensate to dry gas. The Total Hydrocarbons data -THCfound in this interval was12%. Geochemical information, according to the samples from the well Casabe-199, located to 1,3 km to SW from the Casabe-K1 well, includes Type II Kerogen, TOC values between 4% and 9%, Vitrinite Reflectance (Ro%) between 0,95% to 1,35% and mineralogical composition dominated by carbonates and clays, where the carbonates clay relation increased with the depth, shifting from a 50% 50% to 90% 10%. Considering the mechanical and geometrical conditions of the well and geomechanical analysis of this Formation, 70 ft. in the middle to lower section of the Tablazo was selected for a pilot hydraulic fracking, to verify the hydrocarbons flow and its properties. 100 km. to the NE of the Casabe Field, in the Tisquirama production block, it is possible to identify the Tablazo Formation with some facial variations associated to an increase in the carbonate content, and a few different geochemical properties; for example TOC levels between 3% and 4%, and values of Vitrinite Reflectance (Ro%) between 0.8% and 1%, in the shallowest part of the block. The top of the Tablazo Formation in this block, according to the structural map, shows depths from 19000 ft. on the west side, to 10,000 ft. on the east area, indicating possible variations in thermal maturity of this unit, where they could be an oil source in the East side, and a gas source in the West side. With this kind of results, and the good stratigraphic continuity of the Tablazo Formation from the central to northern area of the MMV basin, it is possible to propose a 150 km. corridor as a shale play exploration target, in one area with good characteristics to make possible new unconventional fields in the mid-term, with major oil and gas facilities, historical relationship between the communities and the petroleum industry and the water sources available for the operations. Middle Magdalena Valley Currently, The Magdalena Valley Basin is the intermountain basin separating the two eastern branches of the Colombian Andes: The Central Cordillera to the west and The Eastern Cordillera Basin (ECB) to the East. The Magdalena River runs along the Magdalena Valley from south to north; following the downstream river flow, the Magdalena Valley has been divided into three basins: Upper Magdalena Valley, Middle Magdalena Valley (MMV) and Lower Magdalena Valley. The MMV is located in the central part of Colombia (Fig.1), and includes significant results for the petroleum industry for more than 100 years of exploration history.