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IntroductionPrefrontal serotonin plays a role in the expression of flexible behavior during reversal learning tasks as its depletion delays reversal learning. However, the mechanisms by which serotonin modulates the prefrontal cortex functions during reversal learning remain unclear. Nevertheless, serotonin has been shown to modulate theta activity during spatial learning and memory.MethodsWe evaluated the effects of prefrontal serotonin depletion on theta activity in the prefrontal infralimbic, prelimbic, and orbitofrontal (IL, PL, and OFC) subregions of male rats during a spatial reversal learning task in an aquatic T-maze.ResultsPrefrontal serotonin depletion delayed spatial reversal learning and increased theta activity power in the PL and OFC. Furthermore, animals with serotonin depletion had increased functional coupling between the OFC and the IL and PL cortices compared with the control group.DiscussionThese results indicate that serotonin regulates reversal learning through modulation of prefrontal theta activity by tuning both the power and functional synchronization of the prefrontal subregions.

Purpose: Analyze the use of biosolids, mixed with substrates, as an alternative in the nursery and field production of forest species such as Pinus leiophylla. Method: Biosolids mixed with commercial substrates and chemical fertilizers were tested. The experiment was carried out under nursery conditions, using a randomized experimental design in a 2x2x3 factorial arrangement. Two substrates were tested in this experiment: 60:30:10 (S1) and 50:40:10 (S2) of peat moss, perlite and vermiculite, respectively. Two doses of controlled release fertilizer: 2 g/L and 5 g/L. And three doses of biosolids: 0 L/L, 0.13 L/L and 0.26 L/L. To test the nursery treatments, a field quality test was conducted. The response was evaluated with morphological variables and leaf nutrient concentration. Results: The diameter and the height of plants were favored using biosolids. The high dose of fertilization exceeded the low by 1.24 mm and 2.97 cm in diameter (D) and height (H), respectively. The S1 substrate, recorded higher values of D and H than the S2 substrate. Differences in leaf concentrations were found. The high biosolids dose showed higher means for N, P and Mn. High fertilization produced higher means in P and Mn concentration, and low fertilization only in Mg. In contrast, nutrient concentrations were not affected by the substrate factor. Conclusion: Derived from the results obtained in this research, it is likely that with an adequate dose of biosolids and a balanced mixture, quality plants can be produced for reforestation, enhancing the development of forest species. The data observed, both for nursery propagation and for the field planting stage, indicate that the use of biosolids provides minerals that assign characteristics that improve the adaptability of the species in the natural environment. Research Highlights • The discharge of biosolids generated in wastewater treatment plants is becoming an environmental problem. Depending on the water influent that the plant is treating, the output sludge, free of toxic elements, is suitable for use in the forestry sector. • Reforestation of areas affected by droughts or forest fires is a constant practice. • Pine seedling production can use biosolids in the nursery as a viable alternative in the initial development of the plant, when mixed with other materials up to 30%. • In the critical transplant phase, the contribution of biosolids to the soil is explored as a material with buffer characteristics in the soil, to promote the survival of the pine in adverse conditions of drought and extreme heat. • Biosolids are an alternative to reduce fertilizer cost

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación entre la cohesión grupal de los jugadores del equipo con la intención de persistencia en el equipo. Para ello, un total de 271 jugadores/as de balonmano, baloncesto y fútbol con edades comprendidas entre 15 y 43 años (M = 21.43; DT = 5.31), completaron las medidas de cohesión grupal y la persistencia al equipo. Se trata de un estudio transversal donde el modelado de ecuaciones estructurales fue utilizado para testar las relaciones entre ambas variables. Los resultados revelaron correlaciones positivas de los factores de cohesión tarea y social con la persistencia en el equipo. Además, el análisis de regresión mostró una predicción positiva y significativa entre la cohesión tarea y la intención de persistir en el equipo. Sin embargo, la cohesión social no mostró una predicción significativa respecto al sentimiento de persistencia al equipo. Por lo tanto, la unión de los jugadores en las tareas de entrenamiento y durante el desarrollo de la competición, podría contribuir al sentimiento de persistir en un equipo, aumentando el bloque de jugadores durante varias temporadas.

Dual-chamber microbial fuel cells (DC-MFC) are devices that can be used to generate electricity through the degradation of substrates. In this study, the performance of DC-MFC with novel electrode materials is evaluated under different external resistance using a hydrochloric acid solution as catholyte. Hydrophilic-treated graphene was used as the electrode material, DuPontTM Nafion 117 was used as the proton exchange membrane and domestic wastewater served as the substrate. The maximum power density achieved was 32.05 mW⋅m−2, obtained by degrading 69.8% of organic matter when an external resistance of 100 Ω was used as electrical load. This power density was 32 times higher than the power density obtained in the control (1.01 mW⋅m−2). This result obtained was similar to those reported in the literature for small-scale DC-MFC systems. And, contrary to the reported trend that as the scale of MFCs increase, the efficiency decreases. It can be stipulated with these results that is possible to scale up DC-MFC to medium-scale systems without loss performance quality by selecting the appropriate external resistance, catholyte and electrode materials.

In this study, a kinetic model of the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen and its main transformation products is presented. Kinetic photocatalytic modeling and photon absorption rate modeling were included. Monte Carlo method was used to model the photon absorption process. Experiments were carried out in a reactor operated in batch mode and TiO2 nanotubes were used as photocatalyst irradiated with 254 nm UVC. Kinetic parameters were estimated from the experiments data by applying a non-linear regression procedure. Intrinsic expressions to the kinetics of acetaminophen degradation and its main transformation products were derived. Model, kinetics and photon absorption formulations and parameters proved to be affordable for describing the photocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen, but improvements should be done for better description of formation and oxidation kinetics of main transformation products. The model should be tested with other pharmaceuticals and emergent pollutants to calibrate it and evaluate its applicability in a wide range of compounds.

Abstract This study aimed to assess the effects of a training program, considering an ecological/holistic perspective, on both tactical behavior (i.e., principles of play; PP) and psychological aspects (i.e., emotional, and cognitive components) in elite soccer teams consisting of players from the U23 and U21 age groups. The participants were 46 players from the under U-23 and U-21 teams from the same club and the first division of Argentina. A quasi-experimental design was examined after five weeks of intervention through integrated training tasks, where psychological factors were used for the development of the tactical principles of the game. Two evaluations of the improvement of game principles were performed before and after the intervention. The results showed significant changes and differences in both teams concerning the PP during the post-intervention period. Specifically, the results show significant group-by-time interactions with an increase in the percentage of tactical actions and behaviors performed during the competitions in two game principles analyzed in both teams. There were significant in the group-by-time interactions for PP 3 (i.e., the first option to pass forward; p ≤ 0.001, F = 58.96, ηp2 = 0.88) and also, significant changes were in PP 4 (i.e., immediate pressure when losing the ball) through the main effect of time (p ≤ 0.001, F = 105.41, ηp2 = 0.93) and group by time interactions (p = 0.002, F = 20.08, ηp2 = 0.72). In both groups, there were significant changes in post hoc analysis (PP3: U21: p = 0.039 vs. U23: p ≤ 0.001) and (PP4: U21: p = 0.006 vs. U23: p = 0.001). It seems the strategies and constraints used, tactical components, and integrated into the psychological aspects during specific soccer training tasks can help improve the tactical behaviors of both teams in a competition associated with the PP of a soccer team.

Abstract Background In 1990, David Barker proposed that prenatal nutrition is directly linked to adult cardiovascular disease. Since then, the relationship between adult cardiovascular risk, metabolic syndrome and birth weight has been widely documented. Here, we used the TruSeq Methyl Capture EPIC platform to compare the methylation patterns in cord blood from large for gestational age (LGA) vs adequate for gestational age (AGA) newborns from the LARGAN cohort. Results We found 1672 differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) with a nominal p

Wind energy has become one of the most important energy sources in the last decades. Most of this type of energy comes from turbines installed onshore though there has been a paradigm shift in this field with the installation of offshore wind turbines, anchored to the seabed or floating ones. Both offshore and onshore technologies have a set of associate problems which sometimes can compromise the turbine integrity, such as environmental disturbances or harmful vibrations. Most of these vibrations and loads are actively compensated in commercial wind turbines through strategies which can modify the turbine power reference to reduce the tower and blades oscillations, at the expense of compromising efficiency. In this work, a new type of control vibration for wind turbines based on piezoelectricity is proposed. A closed loop control is developed from the sensing of the tower vibrations, followed by an in-house designed Positive Position Feedback (PPF) controller, and with a control signal applied to the piezoelectric transducers working as actuators. To design the PPF controller, a simplified wind turbine model is created in COMSOL Multiphysics. A state-space model is obtained, parametrized, validated and used for the tuning of the PPF controller presented in this paper. Simulation results show that with a set of piezoelectric transducers located along the turbine tower, significant reduction of the tower vibrations can be achieved.

Incidental visuospatial learning acquired under incidental conditions is more vulnerable to aging than in the intentional case. The theta and gamma correlates of the coding and retrieval of episodic memory change during aging. Based on the vulnerability of incidental coding to aging, different theta and gamma correlates could occur under the incidental versus intentional coding and retrieval of visuospatial information. Theta and gamma EEG was recorded from the frontotemporal regions, and incidental/intentional visuospatial learning was evaluated in young (25–60 years old) and elderly (60–85 years old) participants. The EEG recorded during encoding and retrieval was compared between incidental low-demand, incidental high-demand, and intentional conditions through an ANCOVA considering the patient’s gender, IQ, and years of schooling as covariates. Older adults exhibited worse performances, especially in place–object associations. After the intentional study, older participants showed a further increase in false-positive errors. Higher power at the theta and gamma bands was observed for frontotemporal derivations in older participants for both encoding and retrieval. Under retrieval, only young participants had lower power in terms of errors compared with correct responses. In conclusion, the different patterns of power and coherence support incidental and intentional visuospatial encoding and retrieval in young and elderly individuals. The correlates of power with behavior are sensitive to age and performance.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic immunodeficiency in adults. It comprises a group of syndromes whose etiology involves genetic, epigenetic, microbiota, and environmental factors. We present the case of a 46-year-old Caucasian male patient with CVID and an immune dysregulation phenotype. The particular elements of the case consisted of an atypical clinical course, which undoubtedly demonstrates the great variability of clinical manifestations that these types of patients can suffer from, including bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune phenomena, and neoplasia. Notably, the patient suffered from recurrent gastrointestinal infection with macrolide-resistant Campylobacter jejuni and gastroduodenal disease and viraemia by cytomegalovirus (CMV). In addition, CMV was postulated as the main pro-oncogenic factor contributing to the development of early-onset intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma, for which the patient underwent gastrectomy. The patient’s evolution was difficult, but finally, as a result of the multidisciplinary approach, clinical stabilization and improvement in his quality of life were achieved. Based on our brief literature review, this is the first reported case of this clinical complexity. Our experience could help with the management of future patients with CVID and may also update current epidemiological data on CVID.

Physical Education (PE) teachers can positively influence students' overall development through their teaching activities, achieving a more physically active youth society that adopts healthy lifestyle habits and has a more supportive attitude towards their peers, teachers and families. This study aims to develop a didactic proposal in PE for Ultimate Frisbee through the Sports Education Model (SEM). The intervention is designed for 80 students in the 5th year of Primary Education, aged 10 and 11 years, who belong to four schools in Cáceres. For this purpose, a learning situation has been designed comprising a total of 9 classes, which will be carried out by the timetable of the SEM. In addition, given the characteristics of the pedagogical model, students will be given sufficient autonomy to be the protagonists of their learning. With this didactic proposal, it is expected that students will increase their motivation levels, participate actively during PE classes, become involved both behaviourally and emotionally and improve their perception of the subject and the practice of physical activity (PA) in their free time.

Durante las actividades arqueológicas realizadas en los solares nº 6 y 7 de la Plaza de San Pedro de Huelva, se localizó un edificio de época islámica del que se pudo documentar un total de siete estancias. Entre ellas destaca la denominada Estancia 1, que se desarrolla entre los dos solares, es en este espacio donde se localizan los zócalos pintados que decoraban sus paredes norte y oeste.

Ionic crosslinking offers a route to rubber reprocessability due to ion pairs’ dynamism, with recent studies focusing on tensile properties recovery. However, this research aims to provide, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the recyclability of carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR), spotlighting changes in molecular dynamics through multiple recycling cycles beyond tensile tests. A uniquely recyclable XNBR, incorporating ZnO as a multifunctional additive, was designed alongside a simple, scalable, two-step recycling process. Evidence of the delicate balance between crosslink density and molecular entanglements that affects the dynamics of the recycled material was found. Recycling also restricts the molecular dynamics near ionic domains; attributed to a higher crosslink density (from 3.69×10-5 mol cm−3 in the pristine sample to 6.00×10-5 mol cm−3 after the third cycle), caused by a decreased ionic clusters size (aggregation number drops from 12.2 to 6.9). Remarkably, negligible differences (

Background: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) plays an important role in immune responses to infections, especially in the development of acquired immunity. Given the high degree of polymorphisms that HLA molecules present, some will be more or less effective in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection. We wanted to analyze whether certain polymorphisms may be involved in the protection or susceptibility to COVID-19. Methods: We studied the polymorphisms in HLA class I (HLA-A, -B and -C) and II (HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1) molecules in 450 patients who required hospitalization for COVID-19, creating one of the largest HLA-typed patient cohort to date. Results: Our results show that there is no relationship between HLA polymorphisms or haplotypes and susceptibility or protection to COVID-19. Conclusion: Our results may contribute to resolve the contradictory data on the role of HLA polymorphisms in COVID-19 infection.

The cognitive processes that influence athletic performance have been increasingly studied in recent years. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an intervention programme aimed at improving the attentional focus of football players, using game situations similar to competitive ones. The participants were 46 male football players belonging to the youth academy of a first division Argentine football club, who were divided into an experimental group and a control group. The methodological design was quasi-experimental, with pre-intervention, post-intervention, and follow-up measures. The measures used were the Psychological Inventory of Sport Performance was used. The results showed significant differences in the variable attentional control in favour of the experimental group compared with the control group after the intervention period and during the follow-up period. On the other hand, the other of the variables analysed (negative coping control, visual image control, positive coping control, and attitudinal control) did not show significant differences between the two groups, but there was a positive trend in the experimental group after the intervention. In conclusion, the use of strategies related to attentional focus in habitual tactical and specific football training tasks seems to have a positive effect on attentional control.

During the lockdown measures put in place at the time of the first wave of the Covid‐19 pandemic in Spain (March through June 2020), LGBTQ+ youth lived through a particularly stressful situation that has so far received little attention. Confined in homes that are often hostile to their sexuality, struggling with the transition to online classes, they reached out to Internet social networks to obtain the support most of them lack in person. This article explores the role of technology for LGBTQ+ youth during a period when the educational environment was not supportive of students’ sexuality and identity needs. The research assesses correlations between the use of online social networks and the perceptions of support received from others (using the concepts of social support, thwarted belongingness and burdensomeness, and cohabitation in their homes). The study involves a sample of 445 Spanish participants aged 13 to 21. A descriptive multivariate analysis of variance and bivariate correlations was performed. We found that social networks were very important for LGBTQ+ youth during the pandemic, helping them to explore their identities, but could also be a source of violence. In this regard, while trans and nonbinary youth’s use of social networks to contact acquaintances show important differences when compared to that of gays, lesbians, and bisexuals, the former group also experiences more violence coming from these networks, finds less social support through them, and feels a stronger sense of burdensomeness in relation to them. Additionally, they were often living with people other than family members during the lockdown. This data suggests the need to offer specific support and online services for LGBTQ+ youth, particularly for trans and nonbinary youth.

El impacto de la COVID-19 en la forma de consumir arte ha supuesto cambios de comportamiento hacia modelos más responsables y sostenibles. El arte sigue siendo parte fundamental de la vida de las personas, e influye de manera relevante en la calidad de vida, tanto en el entorno educativo como en el laboral. Durante el confinamiento, las personas que han podido consumir arte lo han hecho según necesidades y contextos diferentes. No obstante, el arte, más allá de sus beneficios sociales, tiene una implicación directa tanto en la sostenibilidad como en el mundo de la empresa. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer el consumo de arte durante la pandemia y su relación con la responsabilidad social y empresarial. El enfoque metodológico es cuantitativo y se fundamentó en un cuestionario ad hoc en el que participaron un total de 308 personas, De los resultados se desprende que a través del consumo de arte se pueden generar comportamientos responsables en las empresas. Además, se pone de manifiesto la relación que se establece entre arte y éxito empresarial, así como la implicación y responsabilidad en la sostenibilidad.

Existe la necesidad de sustituir componentes de los sustratos para el desarrollo de las plántulas en vivero forestal, por productos de bajo costo y sobre todo por materiales renovables. El biocarbón es liviano, poroso y presenta una alta capacidad de retención de agua. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el uso de biocarbón a base de bagazo de caña de azúcar en la producción de plantas de pino prieto (Pinus greggii Engelm. ex Parl.), bajo condiciones de vivero. Se evaluaron cuatro tratamientos: (a) biocarbón con suelo forestal, (b) sustrato forestal (mezcla de 12.5% peat moss, 12.5% agrolita, 25% vermiculita y 50% corteza de pino), (c) biocarbón con sustrato forestal, ambos en una relación 1:9 (biocarbón:suelo, biocarbón:sustrato), y (d) suelo forestal solo. Se evaluó el efecto del biocarbón y de la fertilización (N, P y K) en el desempeño de los tratamientos en suelo y sustrato forestal. Las variables evaluadas fueron: altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, biomasa aérea, biomasa radical, biomasa total aérea, a relación biomasa aérea/radical; además la concentración de nutrientes acumulados (N, P, Ca, Mg, K y Na) en la parte aérea y radical. Los resultados obtenidos indican que como resultado de la adición de biocarbón al suelo y la fertilización, la altura, diámetro, biomasa (aérea y total) de pino prieto, fueron semejantes a las obtenidas en sustrato forestal, solo o combinado con biocarbón. Estos resultados se asociaron a la adición de biocarbón al suelo que incrementó la absorción de N y su concentración en la biomasa aérea, y favoreció la disponibilidad de Mg, Ca, K y P, éstos dos últimos elementos adicionados en la fertilización. Se concluye que la combinación de biocarbón y suelo en una relación (1:9) (p/p) con adición de fertilizante (N, P y K) puede ser empleado en el desarrollo de Pinus greggii Engelm ex Parl en vivero.

El monitoreo del estado nutrimental de la planta forestal en vivero es crucial para asegurar su calidad y aumentar la probabilidad de sobrevivencia después del trasplante. Actualmente no existen estándares nutrimentales para verificar el estado nutrimental de la producción de Pinus patula en el vivero. El objetivo del presente estudio fue generar curvas de abastecimiento nutrimental y un conjunto de concentraciones críticas foliares para plántula de esta especie. Utilizando la técnica hidropónica de subirrigación se estableció un experimento para proporcionar cinco concentraciones crecientes de nitrógeno, fósforo y potasio, para cultivar planta de P. patula. La fórmula de Hewitt y Smith se utilizó como solución base para implementar las concentraciones de los mencionados nutrimentos en la solución nutritiva. Se adoptó un diseño experimental completamente al azar, con cinco tratamientos por cada nutrimento estudiado. Cada tratamiento se replicó cuatro veces y la unidad experimental fue un grupo de ocho plantas. Los resultados indicaron que las variables morfológicas evaluadas se comportaron de acuerdo con un modelo sigmoidal, cuando las plantas recibieron concentraciones crecientes de un nutrimento individual. Con base en los modelos del crecimiento de las plántulas se establecieron las concentraciones de cada nutrimento en la solución nutritiva, que generan los crecimientos máximos en las distintas características morfológicas de las plantas. Se obtuvieron además las concentraciones críticas foliares de nitrógeno, fósforo, potasio, calcio, magnesio, hierro, cobre, zinc, manganeso y boro, para plántula de esta especie, cuyos valores fueron: 2.273% para N y 2762, 4889, 3287, 981, 86, 4.14, 13.7, 437 y 62 mg kg-1 para P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn y B, respectivamente. El manejo nutrimental en vivero influye en la morfología de la planta, por lo que un conocimiento detallado de los efectos de cada nutrimento en sus tejidos, ayuda a producir planta prediseñada morfológicamente.

Functional Analytical Psychotherapy (FAP) is a third generation and contextual therapy. It is based on therapeutic interaction, verbal and emotional client-therapist relationships. It also uses functional analysis of behaviour, and live on-going modification of clinical problem behaviours. The aim of this research was to study the efficacy of FAP with different types of psychological problems (anxiety, depression, obsession, sexual, personality, emotional control). An intra-group design (10 participants, 36 years old average) was used with pre-post and follow-up measurements. Different questionnaires have been used as common assessment tools for all clinical cases. The results showed a statistically significant change in all the standardised questionnaires, with a considerable size effect (d from -2.01 to -3.80) and maintained one year later. Also, as clinical change, the participants had improved in their daily lives. We conclude on the efficacy of FAP, focusing on the therapeutic relationship, regardless of diagnostic categories.

BackgroundFetal smallness affects 10% of pregnancies. Small fetuses are at a higher risk of adverse outcomes. Their management using estimated fetal weight and feto-maternal Doppler has a high sensitivity for adverse outcomes; however, more than 60% of fetuses are electively delivered at 37 to 38 weeks. On the other hand, classification using angiogenic factors seems to have a lower false-positive rate. Here, we present a protocol for the Fetal Growth Restriction at Term Managed by Angiogenic Factors Versus Feto-Maternal Doppler (GRAFD) trial, which compares the use of angiogenic factors and Doppler to manage small fetuses at term. ObjectiveThe primary objective is to demonstrate that classification based on angiogenic factors is not inferior to estimated fetal weight and Doppler at detecting fetuses at risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. MethodsThis is a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial conducted in 20 hospitals across Spain. A total of 1030 singleton pregnancies with an estimated fetal weight ≤10th percentile at 36+0 to 37+6 weeks+days will be recruited and randomly allocated to either the control or the intervention group. In the control group, standard Doppler-based management will be used. In the intervention group, cases with a soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase to placental growth factor ratio ≥38 will be classified as having fetal growth restriction; otherwise, they will be classified as being small for gestational age. In both arms, the fetal growth restriction group will be delivered at ≥37 weeks and the small for gestational age group at ≥40 weeks. We will assess differences between the groups by calculating the relative risk, the absolute difference between incidences, and their 95% CIs. ResultsRecruitment for this study started on September 28, 2020. The study results are expected to be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at international conferences in early 2023. ConclusionsThe angiogenic factor–based protocol may reduce the number of pregnancies classified as having fetal growth restriction without worsening perinatal outcomes. Moreover, reducing the number of unnecessary labor inductions would reduce costs and the risks derived from possible iatrogenic complications. Additionally, fewer inductions would lower the rate of early-term neonates, thus improving neonatal outcomes and potentially reducing long-term infant morbidities. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04502823; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04502823 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/37452

The aim of this study was to analyze the training load of the different tasks of a professional basketball team, based on the tasks and player positions. A total of 10 professional basketball players participated (Mage = 23.70; SD = 2.26) who carried out three different training tasks for four weeks: situation in the middle court (MC); situation in the middle court followed by a counterattack in the opposite court (FB); half court situation followed by two full court counterattack situations (CB). GPS Polar Team Pro© was used to monitoring the physical load. Internal physical load and external physical load variables were measured. One-way ANOVA was performed to explore the main differences between the different types of tasks and player positions on each of the dependent variables. The results show that FB tasks involve a higher internal load, while CB tasks involve a greater external load. Regarding the type of players, the exteriors reached higher values in the different variables analyzed. Therefore, it has been found that different training tasks imply different physical demands. Specifically, using training tasks that reproduce the dynamics of competition imply an increase in conditional load.

Bicuspid aortopathy occurs in approximately 50% of patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), the most prevalent congenital cardiac malformation. Although different molecular players and etiological factors (genetic and hemodynamic) have been suggested to be involved in aortopathy predisposition and progression, clear etiophysiopathological mechanisms of disease are still missing. The isogenic (genetically uniform) hamster (T) strain shows 40% incidence of BAV, but aortic dilatations have not been detected in this model. We have performed comparative anatomical, histological and molecular analyses of the ascending aorta of animals with tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) and BAV from the T strain (TTAV and TBAV, respectively) and with TAV from a control strain (HTAV). Aortic diameter, smooth muscle apoptosis, elastic waviness, and Tgf-β and Fbn-2 expression were significantly increased in T strain animals, regardless of the valve morphology. Strain and aortic valve morphology did not affect Mmp-9 expression, whereas Mmp-2 transcripts were reduced in BAV animals. eNOS protein amount decreased in both TBAV and TTAV compared to HTAV animals. Thus, histomorphological and molecular alterations of the ascending aorta appear in a genetically uniform spontaneous hamster model irrespective of the aortic valve morphology. This is a direct experimental evidence supporting the genetic association between BAV and aortic dilatation. This model may represent a population of patients with predisposition to BAV aortopathy, in which increased expression of Tgf-β and Fbn-2 alters elastic lamellae structure and induces cell apoptosis mediated by eNOS. Patients either with TAV or BAV with the same genetic defect may show the same risk to develop bicuspid aortopathy.

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a technology that can be applied to both the wastewater treatment and bioenergy generation. This work discusses the contribution of improvements regarding the configurations, electrode materials, membrane materials, electron transfer mechanisms, and materials cost on the current and future development of MFCs. Analysis of the most recent scientific publications on the field denotes that dual-chamber MFCs configuration offers the greatest potential due to the excellent ability to be adapted to different operating environments. Carbon-based materials show the best performance, biocompatibility of carbon-brush anode favors the formation of the biofilm in a mixed consortium and in wastewater as a substrate resembles the conditions of real scenarios. Carbon-cloth cathode modified with nanotechnology favors the conductive properties of the electrode. Ceramic clay membranes emerge as an interesting low-cost membrane with a proton conductivity of 0.0817 S cm−1, close to that obtained with the Nafion membrane. The use of nanotechnology in the electrodes also enhances electron transfer in MFCs. It increases the active sites at the anode and improves the interface with microorganisms. At the cathode, it favors its catalytic properties and the oxygen reduction reaction. These features together favor MFCs performance through energy production and substrate degradation with values above 2.0 W m−2 and 90% respectively. All the recent advances in MFCs are gradually contributing to enable technological alternatives that, in addition to wastewater treatment, generate energy in a sustainable manner. It is important to continue the research efforts worldwide to make MFCs an available and affordable technology for industry and society.

Si bien existen numerosas investigaciones sobre el interés y el conocimiento de los ciudadanos sobre los asuntos internacionales en los Estados Unidos y Europa, los estudios comparados sobre estos temas en América Latina siguen siendo escasos. Este artículo pretende extender el conocimiento sobre este fenómeno a la región usando la encuesta "Las Américas y el Mundo" realizada en 2014/5 en siete de los principales países de América Latina. Si bien existen diferencias entre países, este artículo busca identificar patrones comunes como el amplio interés que tienen los latinoamericanos por las noticias internacionales, especialmente cuando estas implican a su país de origen. Sin embargo, los resultados preliminares cuestionan la existencia de una brecha de género en el consumo de noticias internacionales, identificada por la literatura comparada.

El análisis cineantropométrico parece ser una herramienta fiable para cuantificar la evolución del rendimiento en el baloncesto profesional. Cada vez son más los equipos femeninos que valoran la composición corporal con intención de conocer los efectos y las mejoras producidas en las jugadoras consecuencia de los entrenamientos y la competición. En este sentido, el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la evolución antropométrica de 10 jugadoras (M = 23.7; DT = 3.2) pertenecientes a un equipo de la máxima categoría de baloncesto femenino en España, durante la primera vuelta de la temporada regular 2019/2020. Para la obtención de los datos, se marcaron tres mediciones repartidas desde el inicio de pretemporada hasta el final de la primera vuelta y se utilizaron los instrumentos recomendados por la International Society for the Advancement of Kynanthropometry (ISAK) para un análisis cineantropométrico completo. Tras la obtención de los datos, se realizó una prueba Shapiro Wik y una comparación de medias entre las mediciones. Los resultados muestran una evolución antropométrica favorable contrastan que los principales cambios antropométricos se producen durante la temporada regular.

YMnO3 is a P-type semiconductor with a perovskite-type structure (ABO3). It presents two crystalline systems: rhombohedral and hexagonal, the latter being the most stable and studied. In the hexagonal system, Mn3+ ions are coordinated by five oxygen ions forming a trigonal bipyramid, and the Y3+ ions are coordinated by five oxygen ions. This arrangement favors its ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties, which have been widely studied since 1963. However, applications based on their optical properties have yet to be explored. This work evaluates the photoelectric response and the photocatalytic activity of yttrium manganite in visible spectrum wavelengths. To conduct this, a rod-obelisk-shaped yttrium manganite with a reduced indirect bandgap value of 1.43 eV in its hexagonal phase was synthesized through the precipitation method. The synthesized yttrium manganite was elucidated by solid-state techniques, such as DRX, XPS, and UV-vis. It was non-toxic as shown by the 100% leukocyte viability of mice BALB/c.

Antes de la pandemia la sociedad estaba envuelta en una carrera en la que la tecnología parecía tener el control, y con el paso del tiempo, fue sufriendo las consecuencias del uso y abuso de los megacambios generados por la revolución digital. Más que informarse, la sociedad tendrá que aprender a desinformarse o, dicho de otra manera, a ser más crítica de todo dato que consume, además de estar consciente de que toda transformación no implica sino la visión que vamos construyendo de nuestra realidad. En medio de todo tipo de comunicación hipermedial, se ha dado un gran impacto en la forma de conversar con el otro, pues pareciera ser que solo se establecen soliloquios, como en las redes sociales. La sociedad requiere de aprender a conversar de manera auténtica, aún con sus escasos interlocutores, estando atentos para no caer en las “tecnopatologías” de nuestro tiempo. Debido al Covid-19, el mundo ha enfrentado la mayor crisis sanitaria a nivel global, por lo cual se produjo un impacto social donde la desolación y el desconcierto han sido la constante. Esta contingencia repercutió en la forma de interactuar, de trabajar, de estudiar, modificando la relación del individuo con el mundo, y ello implica hacer un alto y revisar la necesidad de una ética digital para una nueva condición humana. Abstract Before the pandemic, society was involved in a race in which technology seemed to be in control, and as time passed, it suffered the consequences of the use and abuse of the mega changes generated by the digital revolution. More than being informed, society will have to learn to be desinformed, or to be more critical of all the data it consumes, in addition to being aware that any transformation implies no other than the vision that we are building of our reality. Amidst all types of hypermedia communication, little or nothing has an impact on the way of talking with the other to one another, since it seems that only soliloquies are established, as in social networks. Society requires learning to talk authentically, even if its to just a few partners, being careful not to fall into a technopathologie. Faced with Covid-19, the world has dealt with the greatest health crisis globally, which produced a social impact where the desolation and confusion were a constant. It had an impact on the way of interacting, working, studying, and it modified the relationship of the individual with the world. It is necessary to stop and to review the need for a digital ethics for a new human condition. Keywords: Covid-19, communication ethic, digitalization, disinformation, interactive communication, sociology of change.

The main aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between team resilience and group performance in team sports. Participants were 136 handball, basketball and soccer players (17-40 years old; M = 21.12; SD = 5.54), who competed as senior teams from Spanish national leagues. Preliminar analysis and a structural equation modeling was completed to analyze the relationships between the variables. First, the correlation analysis showed a positive association between characteristics of resilience and the group performance, whereas a negative relationship between the vulnerability under pressure with the perceived group performance. Second, the regression analysis showed a positive and significant prediction between resilience characteristics and team performance. However, the prediction between vulnerability under pressure and group performance was not significant. The results specified an initial evidence that establishes a link between team resilience and team performance. Therefore, to create a team that be able to overcoming the adversity during training sessions and competition will have greater perceptions of group performance, thereby improving the collective functioning of the team.

Los cuatro cantorales mozárabes copiados en Toledo por orden del Cardenal Jiménez de Cisneros como parte de la restauración del rito hispánico contienen las melodías de la misa completa y de una pequeña parte del oficio. Este trabajo está centrado en el primero de los cantos del propio de la misa, el officium. Su antífona sigue parcialmente un sistema de composición formularia identificado por Imbasciani, pero hasta ahora no se había abordado el análisis de sus versículos. En este trabajo se aborda por primera vez dicho estudio, comprobándose que, en la mayoría de los casos, todos siguen una misma y sencilla estructura de composición. Esto permite plantear un debate acerca de su posible ascendencia medieval: por un lado, su extrema sencillez podría haberles permitido sobrevivir a lo largo de los siglos por tradición oral, pero, por otro, se trata de un esquema modal derivado con mucha probabilidad del canto gregoriano.

The low survival of forest plants in reforestations makes it necessary to adopt nursery techniques according to the characteristics of the plantation site. An experiment was established to determine the effects of two nursery management factors on morphophysiological variables of Pinus leiophylla during initial field development. The factors tested from the nursery were established at two levels: factor 1 substrate: peat moss, raw pine sawdust; factor 2 nutrient addition rate: constant, exponential. It is concluded that the use of raw sawdust as a substrate produces small plants with high nutritional concentrations of N, P and K due to a concentration effect caused by the exponential fertilization rate, which presents adequate survival and initial growth in the field, in shallow soils of low fertility, exhibiting greater increases in height and needle biomass. Exponential fertilization increases nutrient reserves, improving initial growth in the field with both substrates, peat moss and sawdust. All transplanted individuals had a survival rate of 80% within a degraded site, a Figure that exceeds that reported in Mexico during the last decade.

Juniperus flaccida Schltdl. is a very important forest species which is severely affected by Phoradendron juniperinum Engelm. at El Cardonal, Hidalgo, Mexico. The objective of this research was to evaluate the response, in terms of tree twig biomass and nutrient status of both the tree and its parasitic species, to fertilization with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), in a natural forest of J. flaccida. The fertilizer rates and sources were 0,1000; 0, 300 and 0, 450, 900 g tree-1 of urea, phosphoric acid and potassium sulphate, respectively. The experimental design was a completely randomized factorial (2x2x3) with six replicates. Soil analysis showed low levels of N and P, and adequate levels of K in the site. Nitrogen or phosphorus alone did not significantly affect twig biomass, despite of being deficient nutrients in the study site. J. flaccida displayed higher concentrations of N, Mg, Cu, Mn, and B than P. juniperinum and the latter, showed higher concentrations of P, K, Ca, Fe, and Zn than its host species. Application of nitrogen significantly decreased the concentration of K in P. juniperinum and influenced the partition of foliar P between J. flaccida and P. juniperinum, in favor of the host tree and to the detriment of the parasitic species. Application of K increased foliar N in J. flaccida. Vector analysis showed that the combination of phosphorus with the highest dose of potassium led to an increase in twig biomass of J. flaccida.

The estimation of tree biomass serves as a parameter of forest productivity; in addition, it is a method to estimate carbon fixation and storage. Studies on total biomass that include the belowground component for the Pinus genus are scarce in Mexico due to the difficulty and high costs for its quantification. In this study, allometric models were fitted to estimate the total biomass of Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham., from the pine-oak forest of Ixtlán de Juárez, Oaxaca, for which a destructive analysis was made of 25 trees distributed in five diameter classes, classifying the biomass by components (root, stem, branches and foliage). With the component biomass data, different models were fitted by nonlinear regression techniques, using the diameter at breast height (D, cm) and the total height (TH, m) as independent variables. The model with the best fit was an exponential type In this study, it was observed that the studied species stores 22.62% of the biomass in the root, 69.61% in the stem, 5.67% in the branches and 2.11%, in the foliage. The models proposed in this study allow the estimation of total biomass and by structural component independently and additively. Its use is recommended in trees of P. patula, in the range of 5 to 25 cm of diameter at breast height, in forests with similar growing conditions.

¿Se puede aprender de la experiencia? Un empirista afirmaría que todo el conocimiento humano se deriva de ella. En el presente artículo se analiza el nivel de confianza de los pronósticos que se pueden realizar, relativos a la construcción de viviendas, con base en lo ocurrido en promociones similares. Se parte de los datos históricos proporcionados por nueve promociones públicas de viviendas de protección oficial (VPO) en bloque, cuyos proyectos y direcciones de obra han sido realizados por el mismo equipo técnico. Las nueve promociones, al desarrollarse en el ámbito de la protección oficial pública, cuentan con características funcionales, formales y de calidad similares. Por otro lado, las características constructivas de las nueve promociones también son comparables: cimentación y estructura de hormigón armado, cerramientos tradicionales, cubiertas planas, instalaciones y materiales de acabados similares. El procedimiento de adjudicación en todos los casos ha sido por concurso abierto. El presupuesto de ejecución material se calculó según una estructura de veinticuatro capítulos prácticamente idéntica para las nueve promociones, y el control de plazos y de costes se realizó según los procedimientos regulados en el “Código de Contratos del Sector Público”. El estudio consiste en el cálculo de las desviaciones medias tanto en costes como en plazos de ejecución contratados. Posteriormente se realiza un estudio estadístico del porcentaje de los capítulos, tanto sobre el presupuesto del proyecto como sobre el presupuesto de liquidación. Por último, a través de una regresión polinómica, se obtiene la curva que mejor se ajusta a los valores de producción. Los niveles de confianza obtenidos relativos a costes, plazos de ejecución y porcentajes de capítulos ofrecen altas desviaciones que revelan poca fiabilidad en los pronósticos. Por el contrario, las desviaciones en los valores de producción a origen respecto de la curva estándar de mejor ajuste han sido mucho menores. Abstract Can you learn from the experience? An empiricist would claim that all human knowledge derives from it. This article analyzes the level of confidence of the forecasts that can be made, related to the construction of houses, based on what happened in similar promotions. It is based on the historical data provided by nine public promotions of officially protected housing (VPO) in block, whose projects and construction management have been carried out by the same technical team. The nine promotions, when developed in the field of public official protection, have similar functional, formal and quality characteristics. On the other hand, the construction characteristics of the nine promotions are also comparable: foundation and structure of reinforced concrete, traditional enclosures, flat roofs, installations and materials of similar finishes. The adjudication procedure in all cases has been by open tender. The material execution budget was calculated according to a structure of twenty-four chapters practically identical for the nine promotions, and the control of deadlines and costs was carried out according to the procedures regulated in the “Public Sector Contract Code”. The study consists in the calculation of the average deviations both in costs and in terms of execution contracted. Subsequently, a statistical study of the percentage of the chapters is carried out, both on the project budget and on the settlement budget. Finally, through a polynomial regression, the curve that best fits the production values is obtained. The confidence levels obtained regarding costs, execution times and percentages of chapters offer high deviations that reveal little reliability in the forecasts. On the contrary, the deviations in the values of production at origin with respect to the standard curve of best fit have been much smaller.

Contexto: la nefropatía diabética es la primera causa de enfermedad renal crónica en el mundo,sin embargo, no existe información de la prevalencia de Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC) enestadios tempranos en México. Una tarea fundamental del primer nivel de atención es la detección oportuna de enfermedades y la ERC en pacientes diabéticos es subdiagnosticada en estadios tempranos al ser asintomática. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia y la estadificación de ERC en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de larga evolución en una unidad de primer nivel de atención, en el estado de México. Metodología: estudio transversal descriptivo. Se incluyeron 263 pacientes calculados por fórmula de población finita y selección aleatoria simple. Se incluyeron pacientes con diabetes tipo 2,?5 años de evolución, sin encontrarse en terapia sustitutiva de la función renal que cumplieran loscriterios de inclusión. Las variables de estudio: características sociodemográficas y la estimaciónde la tasa de filtración glomerular por la ecuación CKD-EPI fueron descritas en frecuencias y porcentajes para variables categóricas y las variables continuas se reportaron medias y de desviación estándar, la diferencia entre grupos fue establecida por medio de prueba de Chi cuadrado o prueba exacta de Fisher y distribución t de student, de acuerdo con el tipo de variable. Un valor de p5 años de evolución padecen una disminución del FG, sin embargo, no podemos considerarla ERC hasta que se valore la presencia de daño renal y corroborarlo a los tres meses.

Carbon nanoparticles have demonstrated their potential to develop materials with advanced applications in which their luminescence and biocompatibility are exploited. In the search for sustainable methods to produce these nanoparticles, natural carbon sources such as plant- and animal-based products and by-products have been used. However, the existing procedures are still performed with high temperature, high pressure, and long reaction times. This report proposes a method to synthesize carbon nanoparticles using a tomato extract as the carbon source, followed by precipitation and calcination at a maximum of 60 °C under atmospheric pressure. This calcination temperature is the lowest reported and contributes to establishing a greener synthesis route. The detected fluorescence of these particles covers the entire region of the visible spectrum. The emission intensity is sensitive to zinc cations, demonstrating that this green method produces useful particles in detecting heavy metals similar to those reported by traditional methods. Furthermore, the aqueous solutions of these particles are photothermic when they are irradiated with red light, also showing their usefulness in biomedical developments. Therefore, this green synthesis at a very low temperature contributes to improving the green methods and boosts the sustainable development of advanced functional materials.

In this study, the effects of an external resistance, new electrode material, and non-conventional catholyte on the energy generation and performance of a dual-chamber MFC were evaluated. Ten different resistances (15 Ω–220 kΩ), hydrophilically-treated graphene and graphite electrodes, and a 0.1 M HCl solution as a catholyte were assessed. The results showed that greater energy generation and power density were achieved at an external resistance of 2 kΩ and internal resistance between 2 and 5 kΩ on average; meanwhile, the greatest coulombic efficiency was obtained at the lowest external resistance evaluated (15 Ω). Therefore, it is recommended to operate the MFCs at the external resistance between 2 and 5 kΩ to ensure the maximum power generation of the dual chamber MFCs. Regarding the two electrode materials evaluated as an anode and cathode, hydrophilically-treated graphene was found to be a much better material to enhance the energy production and performance of the MFC system; therefore, its use is suggested in experimental and practical applications. On the other hand, the use of HCl as a catholyte enhanced the performance of MFC (constant and steady potential and greater coulombic efficiency) in most cases.

In this study, graphite, graphene, and hydrophilic-treated graphene electrodes were evaluated in a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell (DC-MFC). Free-oxygen conditions were promoted in anodic and cathodic chambers. Hydrochloric acid at 0.1 M and pH 1.1 was used as a catholyte, in addition to deionized water in the cathodic chamber. Domestic wastewater was used as a substrate, and a DuPontTM Nafion 117 membrane was used as a proton exchange membrane. The maximum power density of 32.07 mW·m−2 was obtained using hydrophilic-treated graphene electrodes and hydrochloric acid as catholyte. This power density was 1.4-fold and 32-fold greater than that of graphene (22.15 mW·m−2) and graphite (1.02 mW·m−2), respectively, under the same operational conditions. In addition, the maximum organic matter removal efficiencies of 69.8% and 75.5% were obtained using hydrophilic-treated graphene electrodes, for hydrochloric acid catholyte and deionized water, respectively. Therefore, the results suggest that the use of hydrophilic-treated graphene functioning as electrodes in DC-MFCs, and hydrochloric acid as a catholyte, favored power density when domestic wastewater is degraded. This opens up new possibilities for improving DC-MFC performance through the selection of suitable new electrode materials and catholytes.

Low levels of physical activity (PA) are a concern among students, producing negative physical, health and mental consequences. This study aims to present a protocol intervention in physical education (PE) based on self-determination theory (SDT) to enhance students’ motivation towards performing PA and increasing their PA levels in their leisure time. This protocol is a convenience study with two allocation arms (intervention group versus control group). SDT-based motivational strategies will be carried out and co-created with PE teachers to increase motivation and out-of-school PA levels. Data collection will be conducted three times: before the intervention, after the intervention (four months after baseline) and at the end of the intervention (retention measurement, seven months after baseline). The measures will assess perceived teacher support for PA, motivation towards PA, intention to be physically active, PA levels, engagement in PE and academic performance. Overall, this intervention programme is expected to increase students’ autonomous motivation for PA and their PA levels in their free time. This intervention might encourage teachers to establish strategies and resources to increase their students’ adaptive outcomes.

Obese women are more likely to experience pregnancy complications. The distribution of fat, and more particularly the rise in visceral fat, is well established to be more closely linked to the onset of cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome than obesity itself. We aim to examine the relationship between maternal visceral fat assessment in the first trimester and the appearance of adverse pregnancy outcomes. A prospective cohort study including 416 pregnant women was conducted. During the first trimester scan (11–13 + 6 weeks), all individuals had their visceral fat and subcutaneous thicknesses measured by ultrasonography. Blood samples were obtained, and maternal demographics and clinical information were documented. After delivery, the obstetric outcomes were evaluated. We contrasted two groups: one with healthy pregnancies and the other with adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO), defined as the development of at least one of the following complications: gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, abnormal fetal growth, preterm delivery or preterm premature rupture of membranes. Median maternal age was 33 and 34 years old for the uncomplicated and adverse pregnancy outcomes groups, respectively. We found that women with adverse pregnancy outcomes had higher VFT (median 30 vs. 26.5 mm, p = 0.001) and SFT (median 18.9 vs. 17.1 mm, p = 0.03). However, the visceral/subcutaneous fat ratio was not statistically different between groups. Finally, we performed a subanalysis for metabolic and placental vascular dysfunction complications. After performing a multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for maternal age, smoking, and mean arterial pressure, both the VFT (aOR 1.03, p < 0.001) and the ratio of visceral/subcutaneous fat (aOR 1.37, p = 0.04) were significantly associated with the development of adverse pregnancy outcomes; however, the associations of VFT and the VFT-to-SFT ratio were higher for the occurrence of gestational diabetes (aOR 1.07, p < 0.001; aOR 2.09, p = 0.001; respectively) and showed no relationships with placental complications. When conducting a first-trimester ultrasound assessment, sonographers may measure VFT without additional time or cost involved. Identification of pregnant women with increased VFT (>37 mm) may benefit from a close follow-up, especially for the development of gestational diabetes, independent of BMI.

We aimed to validate the association of 28 GWAS-identified genetic variants for response to TNF inhibitors (TNFi) in a discovery cohort of 1361 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients monitored in routine care and ascertained through the REPAIR consortium and DANBIO registry. We genotyped selected markers and evaluated their association with response to TNFi after 6 months of treatment according to the change in disease activity score 28 (ΔDAS28). Next, we confirmed the most interesting results through meta-analysis of our data with those from the DREAM cohort that included 706 RA patients treated with TNFi. The meta-analysis of the discovery cohort and DREAM registry including 2067 RA patients revealed an overall association of the LINC02549rs7767069 SNP with a lower improvement in DAS28 that remained significant after correction for multiple testing (per-allele ORMeta=0.83, PMeta=0.000077; PHet=0.61). In addition, we found that each copy of the LRRC55rs717117G allele was significantly associated with lower improvement in DAS28 in rheumatoid factor (RF)-positive patients (per-allele ORMeta=0.67, P=0.00058; PHet=0.06) whereas an opposite but not significant effect was detected in RF-negative subjects (per-allele ORMeta=1.38, P=0.10; PHet=0.45; PInteraction=0.00028). Interestingly, although the identified associations did not survive multiple testing correction, the meta-analysis also showed overall and RF-specific associations for the MAFBrs6071980 and CNTN5rs1813443 SNPs with decreased changes in DAS28 (per-allele ORMeta_rs6071980 = 0.85, P=0.0059; PHet=0.63 and ORMeta_rs1813443_RF+=0.81, P=0.0059; PHet=0.69 and ORMeta_rs1813443_RF-=1.00, P=0.99; PHet=0.12; PInteraction=0.032). Mechanistically, we found that subjects carrying the LINC02549rs7767069T allele had significantly increased numbers of CD45RO+CD45RA+ T cells (P=0.000025) whereas carriers of the LINC02549rs7767069T/T genotype showed significantly increased levels of soluble scavengers CD5 and CD6 in serum (P=0.00037 and P=0.00041). In addition, carriers of the LRRC55rs717117G allele showed decreased production of IL6 after stimulation of PBMCs with B burgdorferi and E coli bacteria (P=0.00046 and P=0.00044), which suggested a reduced IL6-mediated anti-inflammatory effect of this marker to worsen the response to TNFi. In conclusion, this study confirmed the influence of the LINC02549 and LRRC55 loci to determine the response to TNFi in RA patients and suggested a weak effect of the MAFB and CNTN5 loci that need to be further investigated.

Two-drug regimens (2DRs) are emerging in clinical practice guidelines as treatment option for both naive and treatment-experienced people living with HIV (PLHIV). Objectives: To determine the real-life effectiveness of 2DR with 25 mg RPV plus 50 mg DTG in a single-tablet regimen (RPV/DTGSTR) and its impact on viral and immune status, lipid profile, and inflammatory markers. Methods: This observational study included 291 treatment-experienced PLHIV, starting 2DR with RPV/DTGSTR between 29 January 2019 and 2 February 2022, who were followed up for at least six months. Participants gave verbal informed consent for the switch in antiretroviral therapy (ART) to RPV/DTGSTR. Results: The mean age of the 291 participants was 51.3 years; 77.7% were male; and 42.9% were in the AIDS stage with a CD4 nadir of 283.5 ± 204.6 cells/uL. The median time since HIV diagnosis was 19.7 years (IQR: 10.6–27). Before 2DR, patients received a median of five ART lines (IQR: 3–7) for 22.2 years (IQR: 14–26), with 34.4% (n = 100) receiving a three-drug regimen (3DR), 31.3% (n = 91) receiving monotherapy, and 34.4% (n = 100) receiving 2DR. The median time on RPV/DTGSTR was 14 months (IQR: 9.5–21); 1.4% were lost to the follow-up. Effectiveness was 96.2% by intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, 97.5% by modified ITT, and 99.3% by per-protocol analysis. Virological failure was observed in 0.69%, blips in 3.5%, and switch to another ART in 1.4%. The mean lipid profile improved, with reductions in TC/HDLc ratio (3.9 ± 0.9 vs. 3.6 ± 0.9; p = 0.0001), LDLc (118.3 ± 32.2 mg/dL vs. 106.2 ± 29.8 mg/dL, p = 0.0001), TG (130.9 ± 73.9 mg/dL vs. 115.9 ± 68.5 mg/dL, p = 0.0001), and CD4/CD8 ratio increase (0.99 ± 0.58 vs. 1.01 ± 0.54; p = 0.0001). The cost-effectiveness of 2DR with RPV/DTGSTR was similar to that of DTG/3TC and superior to those of BIC/TAF/FTC and DRV/c/TAF/FTC, with higher virological suppression and lower annual costs. Conclusions: The switch to RPV plus DTG in STR is a cost-effective, long-lasting, and robust strategy for PLHIV, with a very long experience of treatment, which improves the lipid profile without affecting inflammatory markers.

ObjectiveTest whether high dose corticosteroid pulse therapy (HDCPT) with either methylprednisolone or dexamethasone is associated with increased survival in COVID-19 patients at risk of hyper-inflammatory response. Provide some initial diagnostic criteria using laboratory markers to stratify these patients.MethodsThis is a prospective observational study, 318 met the inclusion criteria. 64 patients (20.1%) were treated with HDCPT by using at least 1.5mg/kg/24h of methylprednisolone or dexamethasone equivalent. A multivariate Cox regression (controlling for co-morbidities and other therapies) was carried out to determine whether HDCPT (among other interventions) was associated with decreased mortality. We also carried out a 30-day time course analysis of laboratory markers between survivors and non-survivors, to identify potential markers for patient stratification.ResultsHDCPT showed a statistically significant decrease in mortality (HR = 0.087 [95% CI 0.021-0.36]; P < 0.001). 30-day time course analysis of laboratory marker tests showed marked differences in pro-inflammatory markers between survivors and non-survivors. As diagnostic criteria to define the patients at risk of developing a COVID-19 hyper-inflammatory response, we propose the following parameters (IL-6 > = 40 pg/ml, and/or two of the following: C-reactive protein > = 100 mg/L, D-dimer > = 1000 ng/ml, ferritin > = 500 ng/ml and lactate dehydrogenase > = 300 U/L).ConclusionsHDCPT can be an effective intervention to increase COVID-19 survival rates in patients at risk of developing a COVID-19 hyper-inflammatory response, laboratory marker tests can be used to stratify these patients who should be given HDCPT. This study is not a randomized clinical trial (RCT). Future RCTs should be carried out to confirm the efficacy of HDCPT to increase the survival rates of COVID-19.

En muchos procesos industriales en los cuales el ensamblado de piezas está involucrado, los operadores no cuentan con información en tiempo real del ritmo de producción que llevan. En este artículo se estudia el efecto sobre el rendimiento de los operadores cuando éstos cuentan con información sobre el cumplimiento de los objetivos que les fueron encomendados, para esto, se realizaron dos casos de estudio; en primer lugar, se ensambló una chapa metálica y posteriormente, un soporte para soldar. En ambos casos, se realizó el experimento primero sin ningún tipo de información y posteriormente se incorporó un Sistema Visual de Información. Se efectuó un análisis cuantitativo sobre el efecto que se tuvo en los indicadores claves del proceso al contar con información y sin ella. Adicionalmente, se realizó un análisis cualitativo sobre la percepción que los usuarios tuvieron del sistema de información visual. Los resultados demuestran que, el sistema contribuyó a mejorar la calidad de las piezas ensambladas y a disminuir el tiempo ocioso, al permitir detectar anormalidades dentro del proceso. Por otro lado, los operadores valoraron favorablemente el sistema ya que, determinaron que el nivel de estrés y atención disminuyó, cuando se contaba con información en tiempo real.

Mujer de 44 años procedente de Cuba. Inicia su padecimiento hace 12 años posterior a la aplicación de polivinilmetacrilato, aproximadamente 10 cc en región glútea, dos meses después decide colocarse implantes mamarios de silicón, presentando complicaciones graves en el posoperatorio inmediato, siendo necesario retirar los implantes. Aproximada-mente 6 meses después presenta múltiples síntomas inexplicables, siendo diagnosticada de manera inicial como Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (les), sin mejoría con el tratamiento médico prescrito. Finalmente se le diagnostica como síndrome autoinmune inflamatorio inducido por adyuvantes (asia). Las manifestaciones clínica inespecíficas aunado a la falta de información acerca de este síndrome complican el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Es un síndrome con una fisiopatología fascinante y que no debería de pasarse por alto en el primer nivel de atención.

The demand for Christmas trees has increased considerably in Mexico; where 1.6 to 2.0 million of them are sold annually. Pseudotsuga menziesii is a species with high commercial potential, due to the quality of its wood and its preference as a Christmas tree. The research was carried out at Huayacocotla, Veracruz, Mexico to assess the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients on growth of seedlings of P. menziesii, four years after its establishment. The sources and doses for the macronutrients were 0.0 and 16.0, 0.0 and 16.5, and 0.0 and 17.0 grams tree-1 of urea, calcium triple superphosphate, and potassium sulfate, respectively. The source for micronutrients was the commercial product Sagaquel combi® (0.0 and 3.0 mililiters tree-1). We conducted a completely randomized factorial experiment 24, with a total of 16 treatments fivefold replicated. It was determined that the nitrogen and micronutrients had no significant effects on the response variables since they were just slightly deficient. On the other hand, nutrition with phosphorus increased basal diameter; however, such increase was not significant. Potassium significantly increased needle biomass. The treatments that induced greater retention of needles were those that received nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium or a combination of them. Laboratory soil analyzes are likely to be more efficient than fertilization trials at detecting nutrient deficiencies. The deficient nutrients in the plantation are potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen, although the deficiency of the latter is slight.

Objective/context: The article pursues comprehending the programmatic and strategic trajectory the Chilean right has experienced during the period of 1989-2013. Considering the closeness it had to the Pinochet regime early in the period studied and the electoral competitiveness that has won out in recent five-year periods, is it possible to associate better electoral performance of the sector with changes in programmatic proposals? Methodology: The research uses data from the MARPOR project for Latin America for the purpose of measuring positioning in each election. We also incorporate a historical-narrative analysis of the Chilean right seeking to explore the strategic changes that have been produced vis-a-vis the programmatic change. Conclusions: The results show that the Chilean right have transitioned from deeply conservative programmatic proposals linked to the policies they implemented during the Pinochet dictatorship, to proposals that are closer to the progressive agenda. This has occurred mainly in matters related to social protection (welfare state), education and, in part, in regard to moral issues. The electoral success of the right in recent elections could be associated, at least in part, with this change in the public policy agenda. Originality: In Latin America, the left has usually been studied in great depth: its proposals, organizational structures and, in general, political strategies. The changes on the right have not been analyzed much by political science. This article attempts to contribute in that area focusing on the changes of the right in Chile. This is relevant for the discipline if the current context of the region is considered, where a new wave of right-wing governments has strengthened, and, in particular for the Chilean case, this seeks to contribute to understanding the changes experienced by the Chilean political system over the last thirty years of democracy after the dictatorship.

Resumen: Introducción: La diabetes insípida central (DIC) es una entidad poco frecuente en la edad pediátrica, siendo su etiología heterogénea. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es demostrar que el seguimiento clínico y neurorradiológico de la región hipotálamo-hipofisaria, puede ayudar a establecer el diagnóstico etiológico de DIC y la presencia de otros déficits hormonales. Métodos: Se revisaron de forma retrospectiva 15 pacientes diagnosticados de DIC en un hospital pediátrico. Se analizaron las características clínicas y auxológicas; así como la valoración de la función adenohipofisaria junto con RM craneal de manera periódica. Resultados: La mediana de edad al diagnóstico fue de 9,6 años (rango: 1,3-15,9). El diagnóstico etiológico pudo establecerse en 9 de los 15 pacientes (germinomas: 7 e histiocitosis: 2). Tras una mediana de seguimiento de 5,5 años (rango: 1,6-11,8), los casos idiopáticos se redujeron a la mitad. Finalmente, los diagnósticos etiológicos fueron: germinoma 9 (60%), histiocitosis 3 (20%) y DIC idiopática 3 (20%). Existe una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el engrosamiento del tallo y la etiología tumoral. El 67% desarrolló, al menos, una deficiencia hormonal adenohipofisaria, la mayoría en los dos primeros años de seguimiento. El déficit más prevalente fue el de hormona de crecimiento (60%). Conclusiones: En todos los pacientes con DIC se deberá realizar un control auxológico y hormonal, con especial atención, por su frecuencia, a la deficiencia de GH, y en aquellos con DIC idiopática se debería incluir una RM semestral, al menos durante los 2-3 primeros años después del diagnóstico, pues en nuestro estudio el 50% fueron diagnosticados de germinomas o histiocitosis en este periodo. Abstract: Background: Central diabetes insipidus (CDI) is a rare disorder in children. The aetiology of CDI in childhood is heterogeneous. The aim of this study is to illustrate the importance of a careful clinical and neuro-radiological follow-up of the pituitary and hypothalamus region in order to identify the aetiology and the development of associated hormonal deficiencies. Methods: Clinical and auxological variables of 15 children diagnosed with CDI were retrospectively analysed in a paediatric hospital. Evaluations of adenohypophyseal function and cranial MRI were performed periodically. Results: The mean age at diagnosis of CDI was 9.6 years (range: 1.32-15.9). The aetiological diagnosis could be established initially in 9 of the 15 patients, as 7 with a germinoma and 2 with a histiocytosis. After a mean follow-up of 5.5 years (range: 1.6-11.8), the number of idiopathic cases was reduced by half. At the end of the follow-up, the aetiological diagnoses were: 9 germinoma (60%), 3 histiocytosis (20%), and 3 idiopathic CDI (20%). There is a statistically significant association between stalk thickening and tumour aetiology. At least one adenohypophyseal hormonal deficiency was found in 67% of cases, with the majority developing in the first two years of follow-up. Growth hormone deficiency (60%) was the most prevalent. Conclusion: The follow-up of CDI should include hormone evaluation with special attention, due to its frequency, to GH deficiency. In addition, a biannual MRI in an idiopathic CDI should be performed, at least during the first 2-3 years after diagnosis, as 50% of them were diagnosed with a germinoma or histiocytosis during this period.