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Background: Connective tissue graft substitutes have been used widely to overcome autogenous graft limitations. Nevertheless, they do not provide comparable results in the treatment of periodontal and peri‐implant soft tissue defects. Based on the principles of tissue‐engineered materials, injectable platelet‐rich fibrin (i‐PRF) has been combined with collagen matrices (CMs) to enhance their clinical efficacy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case series demonstrating the use of i‐PRF for the biofunctionalization of a volume‐stable collagen matrix (VCMX) as an adjunct to coronally advanced flap (CAF) to treat single gingival recession (GR) defects. Methods & Results: The study included 10 patients. Bleeding on probing, probing depth, GR height, clinical attachment level, esthetics, and dentin hypersensitivity were evaluated. After 6 months, a significant GR reduction (RecRed: 2.15 ± 0.7 mm; p = 0.005) and percentage of root coverage (% RC) of 81.13% were observed. Additionally, 40% of the sites showed complete root coverage. Gingival thickness increased 0.64 mm. Patient‐centered evaluations demonstrated dentin hypersensitivity and esthetics improvements by the end of follow‐up. Conclusion: VCMX biofunctionalized with i‐PRF associated with CAF technique showed promising clinical outcomes in the treatment of single RT1 GR defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to compare microbial and inflammatory profiles in periodontally/systemically healthy African American (AA) and Caucasian (C) individuals. Materials and Methods: Thirty‐seven C and 46 AA aged from 5 to 25 years were evaluated regarding periodontal disease, caries, microbial subgingival profile via 16‐s sequencing, as well as salivary and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) inflammatory profile via multiplex assay. Results: Greater probing depth percentage was detected in AA (p =.0075), while a higher percentage of caries index (p =.0069) and decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index (p =.0089) was observed in C, after adjusting for number of teeth, sex and age. Salivary levels of IL‐6, IL‐8 and TNFα were higher for C, whereas GCF levels of eotaxin, IL‐12p40, IL‐12p70, IL‐2 and MIP‐1α were higher in AA (p <.05). Different microbial profiles were observed between the races (p =.02). AA presented higher abundance of periodontopathogens (such as Tanerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Filifactor alocis, among others), and C presented more caries‐associated bacteria (such as Streptococcus mutans and Prevotella species). Bacillaceae and Lactobacillus species were associated with higher DMFT index, whereas Fusobacterium and Tanerella species with periodontal disease parameters. Conclusions: A different inflammatory and bacterial profile was observed between healthy AA and C, which may predispose these races to higher susceptibility to specific oral diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grade C molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (C-MIP) is a disease that affects specific teeth with an early onset and aggressive progression. It occurs in systemically healthy patients, mostly African descendants, at an early age, with familial involvement, minimal biofilm accumulation, and minor inflammation. Severe and rapidly progressive bone loss is observed around the first molars and incisors. This clinical condition has been usually diagnosed in children and young adults with permanent dentition under 30 years of age. However, this disease can also affect the primary dentition, which is not as frequently discussed in the literature. Radiographic records have shown that most patients diagnosed in the permanent dentition already presented disease signs in the primary dentition. A hyperresponsive immunological profile is observed in local (gingival crevicular fluid-GCF) and systemic environments. Siblings have also displayed a heightened inflammatory profile even without clinical signs of disease. A. actinomycetemcomitans has been classified as a key pathogen in C-MIP in both dentitions. Scaling and root planning associated with systemic antibiotics is the current gold standard to treat C-MIP, leading to GCF biomarker reduction, some systemic inflammatory response modulation and microbiome profile changes to a healthy-site profile. Further studies should focus on other possible disease-contributing risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Collagen matrices have been used as connective tissue graft (CTG) substitutes. However, they do not have the same efficacy compared to CTG. Adding biological agents may increase collagen matrices' efficacy. The present case reports the use of a biofunctionalized volume‐stable collagen matrix (VCMX) with injectable platelet‐rich fibrin (iPRF) associated with the coronally advanced flap (CAF) to treat single gingival recession (GR) defect. Case Presentation: A Recession Type 1 (RT1 A‐) defect at maxillary left canine in a male patient was treated using a VCMX biofunctionalized with iPRF associated with CAF. No swelling or edema was observed during the first 14 days after surgery. Complete root coverage was observed (RecRed of 4.0 mm) after 6 months. Gingival thickness (GT) increased (1.0 mm) by the end of the follow‐up. Conclusion: The present case report shows that CAF associated with VCMX+iPRF presents good clinical outcomes for single GR defect. Key points: Why is this case new information?This case is the first one to our knowledge to describe the biofunctionalization of VCMX with iPRF to treat single gingival recession. What are the keys to successful management of this case?Proper material handling.Proper iPRF protocol execution. What are the primary limitations to success in this case?Need of venipuncture.Correct preparation of VCMX+iPRF.Patient compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Gingival recession (GR) is a relevant clinical condition due to its high prevalence worldwide, which leads to aesthetic demands and dentin hypersensitivity. Collagen matrices have been associated with different designs of coronally advanced flaps (CAFs) to treat GR defects. However, the literature lacks long‐term follow‐up of this treatment option. The aim of this study is to present the long‐term follow‐up (up to 7 years) of two GR defects (associated or not with noncarious cervical lesion) treated with a CAF and a collagen matrix (CM). Case presentation: Case 1 underwent a CAF associated with a CM to treat a single GR defect. After 7 years, Case 1 presented with 3 mm of recession reduction, which corresponds with the 85.7% of root coverage. Case 2 presented two GR defects associated with noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs). The NCCLs were partially restored with resin composite and then underwent a modified CAF for multiple defects and a CM. After 5 years of follow‐up, Case 2 presented with 1.5 and 2.5 mm of recession reduction, which corresponds with the average 83.3% defect coverage. Conclusion: These two cases may show that CMs can provide long‐term stable outcomes in the treatment of GR defects. Why is this case new information?One of the cases is the first one to describe a 7 years of follow‐up after CAF+CM to treat gingival recession defects. What are the keys to successful management of this case?Correct material handling.Adequate restorative protocol and surgical technique. What are the primary limitations to success in this case?DiagnosePatient compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Gingival recession (GR) is a prevalent problem that is related to esthetic demands and dentin hypersensitivity. Frequently, GR is associated with non‐carious cervical lesion (NCCLs) forming a combined defect (CD), which requires restorative and surgical treatment. Connective tissue graft procedures allow predictable root coverage but can result in patient discomfort. Case Presentation: This first case report describes multiple GRs associated with B+ NCCL at teeth #4 and #6 of a 27‐year‐old patient with a thin periodontal phenotype. The aim of this report was to evaluate the 6‐month outcome of a new volume‐stable collagen matrix (VCMX) combined with modified coronally advanced flap (MCAF) and partial restoration to treat CDs. After 6 months, significant improvement was observed regarding CD coverage (69.05%), recession reduction (2.25 mm), gingival thickness gain (0.74 mm), and keratinized tissue width gain (0.75 mm). In addition, excellent esthetic evaluation and patient comfort were achieved by using the biomaterial. Conclusion: VCMX associated with MCAF and partial restoration may be an option to treat multiple recession defects plus B+ NCCLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Xenogeneic matrices (XMs) have been increasingly used for root coverage procedures. This study compared the use of two types of XM (collagen matrix [CM] and xenogeneic acellular dermal matrix [XDM]) associated with the coronally advanced flap technique (CAF) to treat single gingival recessions.Methods: Seventy-five patients presenting single RT1 gingival recession were treated by CAF (control group, n = 25), CAF+CM (test group 1, n = 25), or CAF+XDM (test group 2, n = 25) and completed 6-month follow-up. Clinical, patient-centered, and esthetic assessments were performed and intra- and intergroup differences were analyzed.Results: At 6 months, the mean recession reduction for CAF, CAF+CM, and CAF+XDM was 2.4 ± 0.8 mm, 2.4 ± 0.9 mm and 2.1 ± 0.8 mm, respectively (P > 0.05). The corresponding mean percentage of root coverage was 78.9% ± 26.2% for CAF, 78.0% ± 28.5% for CAF+CM, and 65.6% ± 26.9% for CAF+XDM (P > 0.05). Dentin hypersensitivity and esthetic conditions showed significantly improvements in all groups. Test groups presented significant gains in gingival thickness (GT; CAF+CM: 0.4 ± 0.3 mm; CAF+XDM: 0.4 ± 0.2 mm) compared to the control group (CAF: 0.0 ± 0.1 mm; P < 0.05).Conclusion: The CAF, CAF+CM, and CAF+XDM treatments each provided similar results in the treatment of single gingival recessions. The addition of either CM or XDM to CAF increases the GT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The use of platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) membranes has been evaluated for different purposes. However, few studies aimed to assess the effect of PRF membranes on peri‐implant mucosal thickness augmentation. Thus, the aim was to evaluate whether the use of PRF membranes placed using the same surgical procedure of single implant installation in the anterior area of the maxilla can result in peri‐implant mucosal thickness increase. Case series: Eight patients received single maxillary implants (anterior area), covered by three PRF membranes (2,500 rpm/12 minutes, RCFmax = 719.71 g). Clinical parameters (baseline and 3 months postoperative) and patient‐centered parameters were evaluated. The buccal peri‐implant mucosal thickness (BMT) and ridge defect (RD) parameters showed a statistically significant difference, with a gain of 0.7 ± 0.3 mm in BMT and reduction of 0.8 ± 0.3 mm in RD. Supracrestal tissue height (STH) was >3 mm after 3 months. Postoperative pain and number of analgesics showed low values (0.95 ± 1.06 and 1.92 ± 2.75), respectively, using a visual analog scale (VAS). Conclusion: The use of three PRF membranes along with single implant placement in the anterior maxilla led to an increase in the BMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study was conducted to assess the clinical, immunological, and patient-centered outcomes of microcurrent electrotherapy on palatal wound healing.Methods: This was a parallel, double-masked randomized clinical trial, in which 53 patients with ridge preservation indications were selected and randomly assigned to one of two groups. In the control (sham) group (n = 27), palatal wounds, after free gingival grafts (FGG) harvest, received sham application of electrotherapy. In the test (electrotherapy treatment [EE]) group (n = 26), palatal wounds, after FGG harvest, received application of microcurrent electrotherapy protocol. Clinical parameters, patient-centered outcomes, and inflammatory markers were evaluated, up to 90 days postoperatively.Results: The EE group achieved earlier wound closure (P <0.001) and epithelialization (P <0.05; P = 0.03) at 7 and 14 days after harvest when compared with the sham group. Painful symptomatology was reported less frequently in the EE group than in the sham group at 3-day follow-up (P = 0.008). Likewise, an improvement in Oral Health Impact Profile was reported 2 days after the procedure by the EE group (P = 0.04). In addition, favorable modulation of inflammatory wound healing markers occurred when electrotherapy was applied.Conclusion: Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that the use of a low-intensity electrotherapy protocol may accelerate palatal wound healing and decrease patient discomfort after FGG harvest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods and Results Conclusion Highlights The inherently technique‐sensitive nature of periodontal plastic procedures demands a significant level of skill and expertise. The incorporation of three‐dimensional (3D) printing technologies emerges as a potential strategy to optimize and simplify surgical procedures. This case report describes the digital workflow and presents the clinical outcomes achieved using a guided coronally advanced flap for the treatment of a single gingival recession (GR).A female patient with a gingival recession type 1 (RT1 B‐) defect on the mandibular second left premolar underwent successful treatment using a guided coronally advanced flap (g‐CAF) and de‐epithelized connective tissue graft (CTG). The digital planning included intraoral scanning of the mandible and hard palate using an intraoral scanner, with resulting polygon format (PLY) files exported for virtual model creation. The CAF guide was meticulously designed to orient horizontal and vertical incisions at the papillae base adjacent to the GR defect. For the donor site, a guide was specifically created, positioning the graft area 2 mm apically to the premolars' gingival margins. The delineation of this area involved two horizontal and vertical incisions, meticulously based on the dimensions of the GR. The digitally designed guides were then 3D‐printed using a surgical guide‐specific resin, contributing to the precise execution of the innovative surgical approach. Complete root coverage was achieved.This case report demonstrates that g‐CAF can be a promising approach for the treatment of single GR.Why is this case new information? To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first manuscript to report a guided procedure for the treatment of gingival recession. This report provides the digital workflow for the fabrication of a guide to perform the coronally advanced flap for single recession defects. What are the keys to successfully manage this case? It is necessary to adequately scan the recession defect area and palate. Properly not only design the guide using specific software but also print it. The guide has to be stable when in position for the surgical procedure. What are the primary limitations of this technique? This guide was designed to help surgeons during the incisions. However, it does not provide aid to split and release the flap and suture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collagen matrixes have been developed as possible connective tissue graft substitutes to overcome patient discomfort, undesired palatal healing, and the limited amount of donor tissue. The aim of this case series is to assess a coronally advanced flap (CAF) with a new volume-stable collagen matrix (VCMX) to treat single gingival recession (GR) associated with partially restored non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL). Twelve patients diagnosed with single GR RT1 &#43; NCCL (B&#43;) were included in this study and received a restorative - partial resin composite with apical margin 1 mm beyond the estimated cementoenamel junction (CEJ) - and a surgical approach - CAF&#43;VCMX. Clinical and patient-centered assessments were recorded at baseline and 6 months postoperatively from ten patients. Significant recession reduction (RecRed:2.1mm), clinical attachment level gain (CAL:1.34mm), and combined defect coverage (CDC) of 51.67% were observed at 6 months. The estimate root coverage (RC) was 69.48%, obtained using the estimated CEJ. No difference in keratinized-tissue width (KTW) was observed over time. A gain in gingival thickness (GT) of 0.42 mm was observed after 6 months (p&#61;.002) and an improvement in patient satisfaction due to better esthetics (p<.001). Within the present study's limits, CAF plus VCMX provided significant improvement in treating single GR combined with partially restored NCCL (B&#43;).

Aims: To investigate the use of ω-3 fatty acids and low-dose aspirin as adjuncts to periodontal debridement in a patient with periodontitis and metabolic syndrome., Methods: Periodontal and systemic parameters were assessed at baseline and 6 months. Gingival crevicular fluid was analyzed for interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and interferon (IFN)-γ levels by multiplex ELISA at baseline, 3 and 6 months., Results: The treatment was effective in reducing probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing and plaque index, and glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ levels over time., Conclusions: The adjunctive use of ω-3 and low-dose aspirin to periodontal debridement might have potential benefits in the treatment of periodontitis in a patient with metabolic syndrome., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright© by the International Academy of Periodontology.)