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Abstract Introduction Migrant populations (asylum seekers, permit holders, refugees, and undocumented migrants) living in South Africa face various individual, social, and physical circumstances that underpin their decisions, motivation, and ability to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. We conducted a qualitative study to explore the experiences and perceptions of migrant populations in South Africa on COVID-19 vaccines to inform recommendations for improved COVID-19 immunization. Methods We conducted an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) with 20 asylum seekers, permit holders, refugees, and undocumented migrants living in South Africa. We applied a maximum variation purposive sampling approach to capture all three categories of migrants in South Africa. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and recorded electronically with consent and permission from the study participants. The recordings were transcribed and analyzed thematically following the IPA using Atlas.ti version 9. Results Four major reflective themes emanated from the data analysis. (1) While some migrants perceived being excluded from the South African national immunization program at the level of advertisement and felt discriminated against at the immunization centers, others felt included in the program at all levels. (2) Skepticism, myths, and conspiracy theories around the origin of SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 vaccine are pervasive among migrant populations in South Africa. (3) There is a continuum of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance/hesitancy ranging from being vaccinated through waiting for the chance to be vaccinated to refusal. (4) Accepting the vaccine or being hesitant follows the beliefs of the participant, knowledge of the vaccine’s benefits, and lessons learned from others already vaccinated. Conclusion COVID-19 vaccine inclusiveness, awareness, and uptake should be enhanced through migrant-aware policies and actions such as community mobilization, healthcare professional training, and mass media campaigns.

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a destructive agricultural pest. Facultative migration usually causes regional catastrophes; therefore, developing a simple and easy new technology for the monitoring and early warning of immigrant populations is urgent. Between 2021 and 2023, we conducted a population-monitoring study on H. armigera immigrants in Xundian County, Yunnan Province, where the migration pathway for pests from southeast Asia extends to southwest China. Based on the differences in the reproductive organ development parameters of H. armigera at different ages, we established an adult age discrimination model. The monitoring results of field populations with semiochemical attractants and sex pheromones between 2021 and 2023 showed that the daily average age of the adult population of H. armigera fluctuated above 6 days, and the trapping dynamics with semiochemical attractants and sex pheromones were the same. Both trapping methods yielded H. armigera males of different ages and had identical age structures, indicating that the H. armigera population primarily migrated from other regions. The trajectory analysis showed that the H. armigera population that migrated to Xundian between May and September was primarily from South Kunming, and after October, it was primarily the southward-migrating population north of Qujing City, Yunnan Province. Based on the relationship between the daily average fecundity and the age of H. armigera, a dynamic prediction model for the fecundity of the immigrant population was established. In this study, the prediction models and methods based on semiochemical attractants could potentially be used in the surveillance and population alerting of H. armigera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Have frequently adjusted minimum wages slowed the widening of income inequality in China? To answer this question, this study examines the impact of minimum wages on income inequality among the migrant population using data from the China Migrants Dynamics Survey (CMDS) for 2011–2018 and data on city-level minimum wages over the same period. The research findings indicate that the minimum wage significantly reduces income inequality within China’s migrant population. Importantly, the conclusion remains robust after employing rigorous analytical methods, such as instrumental variable analysis, replacement of the explained variable, and provincial-level data regression analysis. Moreover, the mechanism analysis reveals that the minimum wage contributes to reducing income inequality within the migrant population by raising the income of low-income groups without causing unemployment. The extent of this impact is closely related to the implementation of regional minimum wage policies. Additionally, the heterogeneity results show that minimum wage has a more pronounced effect on reducing income inequality among formally employed individuals and those working in the state-owned sector than in the informal employment and non-state-owned sectors. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights for policymakers to further optimize the minimum wage system in China to promote common prosperity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study exploits rich data sources to investigate city-level patterns of internal migration policies in response to the reform of Chinese household registration and the economic, political and sociocultural determinants that drive policy approaches. First, we collected and systematically coded policy documents from 231 cities. Cluster analyses showed that the majority of cities (63%) adopted less lenient selection policies while offering integrative social welfare policies. Rights to internal migration remain selectively granted in China, yet rights to welfare have become more equitable than they were in the past because of the reform. Second, multinomial regression analyses showed that economic development and growth are related to selection policies that are more lenient towards high-skilled migrants, whereas top-down controls of superior governments, local politicians' characteristics (e.g. tenure concerns and hometown favouritism) and migrants' sociocultural environments (e.g. pre-existing labour disputes) account for both selection and integration policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Educational Studies (1673-1298) is the property of Journal of Educational Studies Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As health equity becomes a prioritized goal in global health policy, extensive research has revealed that socio-economic and geographical factors jointly exacerbate barriers to medical service access for both internal and international migrant populations, further accelerating existing health disparities. This study explores healthcare service utilization disparities among internal migrants in China, a population profoundly affected by the country’s economic reforms and urbanization since the late 1970s. These transformations have led to significant migratory movements and subsequent healthcare challenges for these populations. Leveraging data from the 2017 China Migrant Dynamic Survey, comprising 169,989 samples across 28 provinces, we introduce a novel metric—the “No Treatment ratio” (NT-ratio). This ratio quantifies the proportion of migrants who, after falling ill, choose not to seek treatment relative to the total migrant population in a given province or region, serving as a critical measure of health risk. Building upon Anderson’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use, we adapted the model to better reflect the unique circumstances of migrant populations. The study employs spatial autocorrelation, hotspot analysis, and geodetector techniques to dissect the multifaceted factors influencing healthcare disparities. Our Findings reveal that the NT-ratio is significantly higher in eastern and northeastern China. Key factors influencing the NT-ratio include age, left-behind experiences, health education, and per capita medical resources. In response to these disparities, we recommend optimizing the distribution of medical resource, strengthening tiered diagnosis and treatment systems, and integrating health, education, and social security resources. These measures aim to improve healthcare utilization among migrant populations and reduce health inequities, aligning with global health objectives.

Aims: Prior studies have implied that smokers may have changed their smoking behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about changes in smoking behaviour and correlates of change due to the pandemic among persons of migrant origin compared with the general population. Methods: Population-based cross-sectional studies with comparable study protocols and measures, one focusing on persons of migrant origin living in Finland (n = 3587, response rate 60%) and the other on the general Finnish population (n = 3444, response rate 56%), were utilised. The outcome measure was self-reported change in smoking behaviour due to COVID-19 among current smokers. Explanatory factors included sociodemographic-, health-, and COVID-19-related factors. Multinomial logistic regression was used in the analyses. Results: Most of the current smokers reported no change in their smoking behaviour. In the adjusted model, younger age was positively associated with increased smoking, while region of origin (Russia, Africa, Asia, and Latin America) and worrying about getting infected with COVID-19 were associated with decreased smoking among persons of migrant origin. In the general population, younger age, female sex, being other than employed/student, increased loneliness, and decreased contact with close ones were associated with increased smoking, while reduced working capacity and worries that someone close to the respondent will be infected with COVID-19 were associated with decreased smoking. Conclusions: The findings of this study contribute to better identification of at-risk populations in future crises situations. This will allow for more efficient targeting and tailoring of health promotion services, including smoking cessation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate loneliness and its influencing factors among female migrant elderly following children (MEFC) in Jinan City, based on which to recommend suggestions to alleviate the loneliness of female MEFC. Methods The data came from a survey conducted in 2020 in Jinan City, on the MEFC, and 418 valid samples were obtained by using multistage cluster sampling. The ULS - 8 scale was used to measure the loneliness of female MEFC, and the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) was used to measure the social support status, t 一 test and one 一 way ANOVA were used to test the differences in loneliness of female MEFC with different characteristics, and multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the influencing factors of the loneliness of female MEFC. Results 371 (88. 8%) female MEFC came from rural areas, 369 (88. 3%) of them moved to take care of their grandchildren, the social support score of female MEFC was (39. 5 ± 6. 0), the loneliness score was (12. 9 ±4. 0), and the factors influencing loneliness included: personal monthly income(仔= -0. 17, P < 0. 001, 95% CI: - 3. 337 - - 1. 007), type of household registration (p 二 - 0. 12, P = 0. 008, 95% CI: 一 2. 523 - -0. 385), year of migration (仔二-0. 09, P = 0. 042, 95% CI: 一 2. 155 - - 0. 038) ?perception of being a local (J3 = - 0. 17, P = 0. 018, 95% CI: 0. 267 -2. 840), the frequency of participation in community square dance = 一 0. 18, < 0. 001, 95% CI: 一 3. 614 - - 1. 092） and community 一 organized activities （仔二 一 0. 13, P = 0. 013, 95% CI: 一 2. 636--0. 306）, and social support （p 二 一 0. 19, P < 0. 001, 95% CI: 一 0. 186 一 一 0. 064）. Conclusion The level of loneliness among female MEFC was lower than that of female empty nesters but higher than that of male elderly. To alleviate the loneliness of female MEFC, joint efforts are needed from the communities where female MEFC live, family members of female MEFC, and female MEFC themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Research has shown that multidimensional approaches to Chagas disease (CD), integrating its biomedical and psycho-socio-cultural components, are successful in enhancing early access to diagnosis, treatment and sustainable follow-up. For the first time, a consulate was selected for a community-based CD detection campaign. Two different strategies were designed, implemented and compared between 2021 and 2022 at the Consulate General of Bolivia and a reference health facility in Barcelona open to all Bolivians in Catalonia. Strategy 1 consisted in CD awareness-raising activities before referring those interested to the reference facility for infectious disease screening. Strategy 2 offered additional in-situ serological CD screening. Most of the 307 participants were Bolivian women residents in Barcelona. In strategy 1, 73 people (35.8% of those who were offered the test) were screened and 19.2% of them were diagnosed with CD. Additionally, 53,4% completed their vaccination schedules and 28.8% were treated for other parasitic infections (strongyloidiasis, giardiasis, eosinophilia, syphilis). In strategy 2, 103 people were screened in-situ (100% of those who were offered the test) and 13.5% received a CD diagnosis. 21,4% completed their vaccination schedule at the reference health facility and 2,9% were referred for iron deficiency anemia, strongyloidiasis or chronic hepatitis C. The fact that the screening took place in an official workplace of representatives of their own country, together with the presence of community-based participants fueled trust and increased CD understanding. Each of the strategies assessed had different benefits. Opportunities for systematic integration for CD based on community action in consulates may enhance early access to diagnosis, care and disease prevention.

The ongoing urban spatial transformation contributes to a more intricate and varied spatiotemporal correlation pattern between metropolitan expansion and the migrant population. In this study, the coupled coordination model (CCD) is applied to enable the quantification of the spatiotemporal correlation index of metropolitan expansion and migrant population from 2010 to 2020. Moreover, various correlation patterns are identified in this research, and the multiscale geographical weighted regression model (MGWR) is employed to examine the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the influencing factors that contribute to this correlation. The research findings reveal the following insights: (1) The built-up areas increased twofold between 2010 and 2020, with an evident tendency toward southward expansion. In addition, population migration indicates slow migration in the inner metropolitan area and accelerated migration in the outer metropolitan area. The correlation between metropolitan expansion and migrant population follows a central–peripheral layer pattern that is characterized by a low-high-low progression. (2) While the balanced development of public services has somewhat decreased the differentiation patterns observed, the adjustments made to economic growth, employment, and residential markets have intensified the differentiation of spatiotemporal correlation characteristics between the metropolitan expansion and migrant population. (3) This study demonstrates that the Chengdu metropolitan area is transitioning from a rapid development stage driven by structuralism to a human-oriented new urbanization stage. This shift is evident through the clear stage pattern and central–peripheral layer features observed. Through the scientific planning of industry and public service layouts, the promotion of integration employment, residential markets, and the facilitation of urban–rural transformation can be achieved. Implementing these strategies can elevate the standard of human-oriented urban spatial governance, achieve coordinated and balanced development between built-up and residential spaces, and advance the high-quality, sustainable, and inclusive development of metropolitan areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research has shown that multidimensional approaches to Chagas disease (CD), integrating its biomedical and psycho-socio-cultural components, are successful in enhancing early access to diagnosis, treatment and sustainable follow-up. For the first time, a consulate was selected for a community-based CD detection campaign. Two different strategies were designed, implemented and compared between 2021 and 2022 at the Consulate General of Bolivia and a reference health facility in Barcelona open to all Bolivians in Catalonia. Strategy 1 consisted in CD awareness-raising activities before referring those interested to the reference facility for infectious disease screening. Strategy 2 offered additional in-situ serological CD screening. Most of the 307 participants were Bolivian women residents in Barcelona. In strategy 1, 73 people (35.8% of those who were offered the test) were screened and 19.2% of them were diagnosed with CD. Additionally, 53,4% completed their vaccination schedules and 28.8% were treated for other parasitic infections (strongyloidiasis, giardiasis, eosinophilia, syphilis). In strategy 2, 103 people were screened in-situ (100% of those who were offered the test) and 13.5% received a CD diagnosis. 21,4% completed their vaccination schedule at the reference health facility and 2,9% were referred for iron deficiency anemia, strongyloidiasis or chronic hepatitis C. The fact that the screening took place in an official workplace of representatives of their own country, together with the presence of community-based participants fueled trust and increased CD understanding. Each of the strategies assessed had different benefits. Opportunities for systematic integration for CD based on community action in consulates may enhance early access to diagnosis, care and disease prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Recently in Portugal, several social and demographic changes have been observed with an emphasis on the increasing number of foreign citizens. The linguistic, cultural and social barriers cause challenges to maternal and child health care. This study aimed to characterize the sociodemographic and obstetrical data of mothers and newborns hospitalized in the maternity ward of a tertiary hospital in the southern region of Portugal. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study. A questionnaire was applied in the postpartum period to women admitted to the maternity ward of a tertiary hospital in Lisbon from 1 March 2021 to 30 June 2021. Results: 347 surveys were obtained from a total of 785 hospitalizations. The average maternal age was 31.8 years and the average paternal age was 33.7 years. Most mothers (79.1%) and fathers (77.3%) reported having, at least, secondary education. 19.5% of mothers and 7.7% of fathers were students or unemployed, 18.9% of parents were unqualified workers and 32.0% of mothers and 23.4% of fathers were professionals in the group of intellectual and scientific activities. More than a quarter of our population were migrants (27.6% of mothers and 26.2% of fathers) and, of these, 14.9% of mothers and 11.2% of fathers were not fluent in Portuguese. 7.9% of pregnancies did not meet the criteria for adequate prenatal care defined at the national level. There was an association (p < 0.01) between inadequate pregnancy surveillance and lower maternal age and lower educational level. There was no difference between the migrant and non-migrant population regarding the completion of the prenatal care program. Conclusions: The percentage of the migrant population is currently very expressive, with a non-negligible number of parents not fluent in Portuguese, which requires an adaptation of health resources to optimize the care provided. Lack of adequate prenatal care was expressive and was associated with lower maternal age and lower level of education.

Abstract Introduction Pregabalin is a widely prescribed medication for various medical conditions, including neuropathic pain and anxiety disorders. Recently, several studies have shown an increase in the recreational use of pregabalin, particularly among vulnerable populations, such as the migrant population. Methods The authors aim to present two case reports of pregabalin use disorder observed among migrants residing in a temporary detention center for undocumented migrants in Portugal, and to conduct a non-systematic review of the literature on the potential abuse of pregabalin. Results A growing body of research suggests an increasing global trend toward the inappropriate use linked with gabapentinoid medications, particularly pregabalin. The occurrence of euphoria, sedation, and dissociation at higher doses appears to be related to its abuse potential. Studies show that pregabalin abuse occurs particularly in patients with substance use disorders and in vulnerable populations such as migrants. Conclusion The migrant population appears to be particularly vulnerable to pregabalin abuse. Healthcare professionals should be aware of this emerging problem, especially if they work directly with this population. Prescribing should be done with caution, and when suspected, screening for abuse should be conducted.

Abstract Background The health of migrants has received significant global attention, and it is a particularly significant concern in China, which has the largest migrant population in the world. Analyzing data on samples from the Chinese population holds practical significance. For instance, one can delve into an in-depth analysis of the factors impacting (1) the health records of residents in distinct regions and (2) the current state of family doctor contracts. This study explores the barriers to access these two health services and the variations in the effects and contribution magnitudes. Methods This study involved data from 138,755 individuals, extracted from the 2018 National Migration Population Health and Family Planning Dynamic Monitoring Survey database. The theoretical framework employed was the Anderson health service model. To investigate the features and determinants of basic public health service utilization among the migrant population across different regions of China, including the influence of enabling resources and demand factors, x 2 tests and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. The Shapley value method was employed to assess the extent of influence of each factor. Results The utilization of various service types varied among the migrant population, with significant regional disparities. The results of the decomposition of the Shapley value method highlighted variations in the mechanism underlying the influence of propensity characteristics, enabling resources, and demand factors between the two health service types. Propensity characteristics and demand factors were found to be the primary dimensions with the highest explanatory power; among them, health education for chronic disease prevention and treatment was the most influential factor. Conclusion To better meet the health needs of the migrant population, regional barriers need to be broken down, and the relevance and effectiveness of publicity and education need to be improved. Additionally, by considering the education level, demographic characteristics, and mobility characteristics of the migrant population, along with the relevant health policies, the migrant population needs to be guided to maintain the health records of residents. They should also be encouraged to sign a contract with a family doctor in a more effective manner to promote the equalization of basic health services for the migrant population.

Abstract Background Brazil is the destination of many international migrants and refugees and, given the circumstances of their entry into the country, many face difficulties due to the absence of targeted policies. Thus, the objective of this study was to survey the social impact of COVID-19 on international migrants and refugees regarding income loss, food insecurity and other social inequities, and to identify explanatory factors on these aspects. Methods This is a cross-sectional, analytical study. We used a validated instrument applied by trained interviewers. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with income loss and food insecurity. Results A total of 360 individuals from sub-Saharan African and South American countries participated in the study. Individuals who were white, black/brown, yellow, had an occupation/employment, and earned less than one minimum wage were more likely to lose income. Those who reported no income, received less than one minimum wage, and were diagnosed with COVID-19 were more likely to be food insecure. Conclusions The study advances knowledge by identifying factors associated with income loss, food insecurity, and individuals' difficulty in accessing health services and social support measures in Brazil.

Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) is a destructive agricultural pest. Facultative migration usually causes regional catastrophes; therefore, developing a simple and easy new technology for the monitoring and early warning of immigrant populations is urgent. Between 2021 and 2023, we conducted a population-monitoring study on H. armigera immigrants in Xundian County, Yunnan Province, where the migration pathway for pests from southeast Asia extends to southwest China. Based on the differences in the reproductive organ development parameters of H. armigera at different ages, we established an adult age discrimination model. The monitoring results of field populations with semiochemical attractants and sex pheromones between 2021 and 2023 showed that the daily average age of the adult population of H. armigera fluctuated above 6 days, and the trapping dynamics with semiochemical attractants and sex pheromones were the same. Both trapping methods yielded H. armigera males of different ages and had identical age structures, indicating that the H. armigera population primarily migrated from other regions. The trajectory analysis showed that the H. armigera population that migrated to Xundian between May and September was primarily from South Kunming, and after October, it was primarily the southward-migrating population north of Qujing City, Yunnan Province. Based on the relationship between the daily average fecundity and the age of H. armigera, a dynamic prediction model for the fecundity of the immigrant population was established. In this study, the prediction models and methods based on semiochemical attractants could potentially be used in the surveillance and population alerting of H. armigera.

Abstract Introduction China has implemented Basic Public Health Service (BPHS) in 2009, aiming to improve the health status of the people, and the content of service includes implying health education for residents. As an important group of people, the migrants can easily become main reason for major infectious diseases such as HIV between different provinces, but the effect of receiving health education is still unknown for migrants. Therefore, the health education of China’s migrant population has received widespread attention. Methods This study used the data of the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) from 2009 to 2017, and evaluated the trend of HIV health education acceptance rate of different migrant groups across the country (n = 570,614). Logistic regression model was used to test the influencing factors of HIV health education rate. Results: The study found that the overall HIV health education rate of Chinese migrants decreased from 2009 to 2017, and different types of migrants showed different trends. The proportion of migrants aged 20–35 who receive education fluctuates, and ethnic minorities, western regions, and migrants with high education were more likely to receive HIV health education. Conclusion: These findings identify when implementing health education for migrants, we can carry out more education for specific groups to promote the health equity of the migrant population.

Goals. The article examines previously unpublished archival materials for an insight into 18th-century nomadic practices and routes of the Kalmyks. Results. The paper shows that the latter were controlled and systematized during the period under consideration. The total nomadic area was extensive and reached outskirts of Samara and Syzran in the north, and the Kuma River in the south. The bulk of Kalmyk communities tended to move longitudinally. However, there were some exceptions. A number of uluses were constantly occupying certain areas, although practicing somewhat micro-migrations over short distances. The era under review witnessed clashes, hostile relations — both among Kalmyks proper and with neighboring Russian groups — that resulted from claims to certain pasture territories. The articles stresses the 18th century was characterized by mass Russian population inflows to the Lower Volga and the Pre-Caucasus, which inevitably led to reductions of Kalmyk-inhabited lands. Moreover, it must be noted that the migrants tended to seize most economically advantageous lands. At the same time, both ethnic elites and government executives were seeking to settle the turbulent relationships. From the historical perspective, it was sedentarization and intensification of agriculture that could serve a way out for the Kalmyks, but in the 18th century the need was not yet that obvious.

Background: Non-invasive diabetes risk models are a cost-effective tool in large-scale population screening to identify those who need confirmation tests, especially in resource-limited settings. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of six non-invasive risk models (Cambridge, FINDRISC, Kuwaiti, Omani, Rotterdam, and SUNSET model) to identify screen-detected diabetes (defined by HbA1c) among Ghanaian migrants and non-migrants. Study design: A multicentered cross-sectional study. Methods: This analysis included 4843 Ghanaian migrants and non-migrants from the Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) Study. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), Hosmer-Lemeshow statistics, and calibration plots. Results: All six models had acceptable discrimination (0.70 ≤ AUC

Background: The health of migrants has received significant global attention, and it is a particularly significant concern in China, which has the largest migrant population in the world. Analyzing data on samples from the Chinese population holds practical significance. For instance, one can delve into an in-depth analysis of the factors impacting (1) the health records of residents in distinct regions and (2) the current state of family doctor contracts. This study explores the barriers to access these two health services and the variations in the effects and contribution magnitudes. Methods: This study involved data from 138,755 individuals, extracted from the 2018 National Migration Population Health and Family Planning Dynamic Monitoring Survey database. The theoretical framework employed was the Anderson health service model. To investigate the features and determinants of basic public health service utilization among the migrant population across different regions of China, including the influence of enabling resources and demand factors, x2 tests and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted. The Shapley value method was employed to assess the extent of influence of each factor. Results: The utilization of various service types varied among the migrant population, with significant regional disparities. The results of the decomposition of the Shapley value method highlighted variations in the mechanism underlying the influence of propensity characteristics, enabling resources, and demand factors between the two health service types. Propensity characteristics and demand factors were found to be the primary dimensions with the highest explanatory power; among them, health education for chronic disease prevention and treatment was the most influential factor. Conclusion: To better meet the health needs of the migrant population, regional barriers need to be broken down, and the relevance and effectiveness of publicity and education need to be improved. Additionally, by considering the education level, demographic characteristics, and mobility characteristics of the migrant population, along with the relevant health policies, the migrant population needs to be guided to maintain the health records of residents. They should also be encouraged to sign a contract with a family doctor in a more effective manner to promote the equalization of basic health services for the migrant population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pregabalin is a widely prescribed medication for various medical conditions, including neuropathic pain and anxiety disorders. Recently, several studies have shown an increase in the recreational use of pregabalin, particularly among vulnerable populations, such as the migrant population. Methods: The authors aim to present two case reports of pregabalin use disorder observed among migrants residing in a temporary detention center for undocumented migrants in Portugal, and to conduct a non-systematic review of the literature on the potential abuse of pregabalin. Results: A growing body of research suggests an increasing global trend toward the inappropriate use linked with gabapentinoid medications, particularly pregabalin. The occurrence of euphoria, sedation, and dissociation at higher doses appears to be related to its abuse potential. Studies show that pregabalin abuse occurs particularly in patients with substance use disorders and in vulnerable populations such as migrants. Conclusion: The migrant population appears to be particularly vulnerable to pregabalin abuse. Healthcare professionals should be aware of this emerging problem, especially if they work directly with this population. Prescribing should be done with caution, and when suspected, screening for abuse should be conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Brazil is the destination of many international migrants and refugees and, given the circumstances of their entry into the country, many face difficulties due to the absence of targeted policies. Thus, the objective of this study was to survey the social impact of COVID-19 on international migrants and refugees regarding income loss, food insecurity and other social inequities, and to identify explanatory factors on these aspects. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, analytical study. We used a validated instrument applied by trained interviewers. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with income loss and food insecurity. Results: A total of 360 individuals from sub-Saharan African and South American countries participated in the study. Individuals who were white, black/brown, yellow, had an occupation/employment, and earned less than one minimum wage were more likely to lose income. Those who reported no income, received less than one minimum wage, and were diagnosed with COVID-19 were more likely to be food insecure. Conclusions: The study advances knowledge by identifying factors associated with income loss, food insecurity, and individuals' difficulty in accessing health services and social support measures in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionThe migrant population, consisting of individuals who relocate from rural to urban areas, faces unique challenges that heighten their vulnerability to HIV infection. These challenges stem from a combination of sociodemographic factors and limited access to healthcare services. Understanding the dynamics of HIV transmission within this population is crucial for the development of effective prevention strategies.MethodsTo investigate the factors contributing to HIV vulnerability among migrants, we conducted a cross-sectional study at Dongguan People's Hospital from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2021. Our study focused on pregnant women living with HIV and their infants, with a particular emphasis on sociodemographic characteristics, HIV testing and treatment profiles, and neonatal clinical data. Data were systematically collected using standardized forms.ResultsAnalysis of data from 98 participants revealed noteworthy findings. No significant associations were observed between age, marital status, and educational background regarding HIV vulnerability. Similarly, factors such as the status of sexual partners, spousal therapy, and the number of children had no significant impact. However, our analysis highlighted the critical role of treatment strategies for HIV-positive women and the timing of antiretroviral therapy initiation for women with HIV, both of which were associated with HIV transmission (P

Background The family doctor (FD) contracting system is a key reform in the development of the Chinese health system, and is considered an effective way to ensure equitable access to healthcare services. This study investigates the effects of social integration on FD contracting services among migrant populations. Methods In total, 120,106 respondents from the 2018 China Migrants Dynamic Survey were included in this study. Two multivariate regression models were used to estimate the effect of social integration and other factors on FD contracting services among migrant populations. Results This study found that only 14.0% of the migrant populations had a FD. Multiple dimensions of social integration and some covariates were shown to be positively associated with FD contracting services, including average monthly household income, local medical insurance (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.29–1.39), employment status (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.82–0.91), settlement intention (OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.09–1.22), received health education (OR = 4.88, 95% CI = 4.51–5.27), sex (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.12–1.20), age (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.51–1.82), marital status (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.31–1.46), sickness within a year (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.79–0.89), and flow range (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.07–1.16). Conclusions All dimensions of social integration, including economic integration, social identity, and social involvement, are associated with FD contracting services among migrant populations. Policymakers should focus on improving the signing rates of migrant populations and implement more effective measures to enhance their social integration, such as settlement incentives and encouraging social participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saber, Ciencia y Libertas is the property of Saber, Ciencia y Libertad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper constructs an urban integration index system of the migrant population to compare differences in the level of urban integration among different ethnic groups on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The study finds that Tibetan migrants have the highest level of urban integration, followed by Han and then Hui migrants. The migrants of each ethnic group have their own advantages in urban integration among the different dimensions used in this study. Han migrants have the highest level of economic integration, Tibetan migrants have the highest level of social participation, and Hui migrants have the highest level of psychological and cultural integration. There are also regional differences, with the level of urban integration of migrants in Qinghai Province being higher than that of migrants in the Tibet Autonomous Region. From the perspective of the different dimensions of integration, the economic integration of migrants in Qinghai Province and the social participation of migrants in the Tibet Autonomous Region have integration advantages. In addition, factors affecting the urban integration of the migrant population of different ethnic groups share some similarities and have some differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: China has implemented Basic Public Health Service (BPHS) in 2009, aiming to improve the health status of the people, and the content of service includes implying health education for residents. As an important group of people, the migrants can easily become main reason for major infectious diseases such as HIV between different provinces, but the effect of receiving health education is still unknown for migrants. Therefore, the health education of China's migrant population has received widespread attention. Methods: This study used the data of the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS) from 2009 to 2017, and evaluated the trend of HIV health education acceptance rate of different migrant groups across the country (n = 570,614). Logistic regression model was used to test the influencing factors of HIV health education rate. Results: The study found that the overall HIV health education rate of Chinese migrants decreased from 2009 to 2017, and different types of migrants showed different trends. The proportion of migrants aged 20–35 who receive education fluctuates, and ethnic minorities, western regions, and migrants with high education were more likely to receive HIV health education. Conclusion: These findings identify when implementing health education for migrants, we can carry out more education for specific groups to promote the health equity of the migrant population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managing the health of migrants has become a crucial aspect of promoting social harmony and cohesion in China. This study investigates the impact of public health education on the health status of migrants in China using cross-sectional data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey 2017. A total of 169,989 migrants in China were selected as samples for empirical test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and the structural equation model. The findings show that health education significantly influences the health status of migrants in China. Specifically, health education related to occupational diseases, venereal diseases/AIDS, and self-rescue in public emergencies had a significant positive impact on migrants' health, while health education regarding chronic diseases had a significant negative impact. Health education delivered through lectures and bulletin boards had a significant positive impact on migrants' health, but online education had a significant negative effect on the health status of migrants. The effects of health education differ by gender and age, with a stronger positive impact on female migrants and elderly migrants aged 60 and above. The mediating effect of health behaviors was significant only in the total effect. In conclusion, health education can effectively enhance the health status of migrants in China by modifying their health behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The European Green Deal does not consider the issue of migrant inclusion, nor are there specific data on the risk of migrants falling into energy poverty, social exclusion, and other data that could help create an effective policy that would be applied in this area. The main objective of this study is to assess the current status of the migrant population when it comes to risk from poverty (including energy poverty) and social exclusion in four (4) EU countries with the most significant influx of migrants. Results An analysis included two main indicators aimed to describe level of risk of migrants to fall into energy poverty: (a) persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion by group of citizenship (population aged 18 and over, male and female); and (b) Migrant Integration Policy Index. The results revealed that foreign-born citizens have greater poverty or social exclusion risk. In 2020, citizens of Sweden that were not born in the EU28 had more than 360% greater chance than national citizens of being at risk of poverty (including energy poverty) or social exclusion. In France, foreign citizens were 340% more likely to be exposed to poverty than national citizens, while Germany records the highest rate: 250% in 2020. The United Kingdom rates demonstrate an increased 10% (2014–2018) difference in the risk of poverty (including energy poverty) or social exclusion for foreign citizens. In addition, results obtained by using the Migrant Integration Policy Index showed highest level of Anti-discrimination score is highest in Sweden, and lowest in Albania. On the other hand, Labor market mobility score is highest in Sweden, and lowest in Slovenia. Conclusions Bearing in mind the results of the research, the primary recommendations elaborated in the paper are as follows: (a) up-to-date collection and innovation of data for the migrant population (including data on energy poverty); (b) creation of conditions for more efficient employment of migrants; (c) adoption of special measures to protect migrants from energy poverty, and (d) strengthening of cooperation between the EU and to non-EU countries on the migrant route.

Background The number of migrant population in China remains high, primarily driven by the developments in industrialisation and urbanisation. The health status and healthcare-seeking experience of this group has become a hot social issue, and promoting their access to equitable essential healthcare services is an important part of China's healthcare system reform. Objective To compare the experience of using essential medical services between migrant and permanent populations in Guangzhou, to provide evidence for improving the level of using essential medical services in migrant population and for promoting the healthcare equity. Methods From September to November 2019, we used a multistage random sampling method to select 1 568 cases (including migrant and permanent residents) treated by six general practitioner teams from six community health centers in Guangzhou. Their demographics and experiences of using essential medical services were collected by a questionnaire survey using a self-developed General Data Questionnaire and the simplified Primary Care Assessment Tool-Adult Edition (PCAT-AE) . We compared the total score of the PCAT-AE and its domains scores between the two groups. We used the generalized linear model to analyze the association between the residency status and the experience of using essential medical services. Results Altogether, 1 568 cases who handed in responsive questionnaires were included for final analysis, among whom 186 (11.86%) were migrant residents. The average total score of the PCAT-AE of all participants, permanent and migrant cases was 3.19 (1.22) , 3.24 (1.23) , and 2.93 (0.75) , respectively. Compared with the permanent residents, the migrants showed lower total score and dimension scores of the PCAT-AE (P

Based on the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (2017), this paper investigates whether the different linguistic environments effect migrant happiness and identity, and therefore further affect their settlement intentions. The empirical results show that dialect distance significantly dampens the settlement intentions of the migrant population through inhibiting their sense of urban identity and the social network renewal. This effect is contingent on migrant job types, the degree of Mandarin penetration, and the level of market-orientation in the specific region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ongoing urban spatial transformation contributes to a more intricate and varied spatiotemporal correlation pattern between metropolitan expansion and the migrant population. In this study, the coupled coordination model (CCD) is applied to enable the quantification of the spatiotemporal correlation index of metropolitan expansion and migrant population from 2010 to 2020. Moreover, various correlation patterns are identified in this research, and the multiscale geographical weighted regression model (MGWR) is employed to examine the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the influencing factors that contribute to this correlation. The research findings reveal the following insights: (1) The built-up areas increased twofold between 2010 and 2020, with an evident tendency toward southward expansion. In addition, population migration indicates slow migration in the inner metropolitan area and accelerated migration in the outer metropolitan area. The correlation between metropolitan expansion and migrant population follows a central–peripheral layer pattern that is characterized by a low-high-low progression. (2) While the balanced development of public services has somewhat decreased the differentiation patterns observed, the adjustments made to economic growth, employment, and residential markets have intensified the differentiation of spatiotemporal correlation characteristics between the metropolitan expansion and migrant population. (3) This study demonstrates that the Chengdu metropolitan area is transitioning from a rapid development stage driven by structuralism to a human-oriented new urbanization stage. This shift is evident through the clear stage pattern and central–peripheral layer features observed. Through the scientific planning of industry and public service layouts, the promotion of integration employment, residential markets, and the facilitation of urban–rural transformation can be achieved. Implementing these strategies can elevate the standard of human-oriented urban spatial governance, achieve coordinated and balanced development between built-up and residential spaces, and advance the high-quality, sustainable, and inclusive development of metropolitan areas.

ObjectiveTo examine self-reported health and its influencing factors among migrant ethnic minority people in China and to provide evidences for improving health of the population.MethodsThe data on 14 226 migrant ethnic minority people were extracted from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey conducted during 2017 across the country. Unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze factors associated with self-reported health in the population.ResultsOf the people surveyed, 11 207 (79.2%) and 2 384 (16.8%) reported normal and basically normal self-rated health; 555 (3.9%) reported poor self-rated health but being able to take care of themselves; and only 17 (0.1%) reported poor self-rated health and being unable to take care of themselves, respectively. The results of logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the migrant ethnic minority people with following characteristics were more likely to reported good self-rated health: being male, aged 15 – 34 years, with the education of undergraduate and above, with migration experience of less than 10 years, having a stable employment, with a monthly income more than 6 000 yuan RMB, having their health records being established in immigration region, ever participating in at least one health education program, without chronic disease, and being aware of National Basic Public Health Service Project.ConclusionHealth status in migrant ethnic minority population in China should be concerned, especially in those being female, with long migration experience, at elder age, without stable employment, and with low monthly income.

BackgroundChina had achieved impressive success in improving maternal health, while the progress of reducing maternal mortality ratio (MMR) varied across regions. Some studies had reported maternal mortality from national or provincial perspective, but researches of the MMR on long-term period at the city or county level rare been reported. Shenzhen has experienced significant socioeconomic and health changes, reflecting the typical development of China's coastal city. This study mainly introduced the levels and trends of maternal death in Baoan district, Shenzhen from 1999 to 2022.MethodsMaternal mortality data were extracted from registration forms and the Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Management System. Linear-by-Linear Association tests were used to evaluate the trends of MMR among different groups. The study periods were divided into three stages by 8-year interval and χ2 test or Fisher's test was used to test the difference in maternal deaths of different periods.ResultsDuring 1999–2022, a total of 137 maternal deaths occurred in Baoan, the overall MMR was 15.91 per 100,000 live births, declined by 89.31% with an annualized rate of 9.26%. The MMR declined by 68.15% in migrant population, with an annualized rate of 5.07%, faster than that in permanent population (48.73%, 2.86%). The MMR due to direct and indirect obstetric causes shown a downward trend (P

One of the most important aspects for the regulation of a water distribution system in a city is the accurate projection of the population to be supplied. Accordingly, it is necessary to know the social, cultural, and economic characteristics of the inhabitants, as well as the industrial, commercial, tourist and migratory dynamics to understand a city's future development. Generally, population growth is continuous and usually follows a trend that makes it possible to extrapolate the future population, thus predicting the demand for drinking water based on per capita supply. However, forced migrations challenge this assumption. The present work aims to collect and analyze information related to Venezuelan migration, in the southern zone of Bogotá, Colombia. First of all, in this project, the demographic characteristics of the migrant population are defined, and the different sources of information collected during the study are used to estimate the total number of migrants in Bogotá. Then, new methodologies for tracking people using social media data connections, geolocation from active connections, and emerging platforms are shown. This is followed by an explanation of two approaches used to estimate the number of migrants from 2014 to 2020 in the boroughs of: Kennedy, Bosa, Tunjuelito, Usme, Ciudad Bolivar and the municipality of Soacha. Finally, using mathematical and statistical approximations, the study shows that the increases in water consumption in the city coincides with the flow rates needed to supply the migrant population. The results indicate that during the first half of 2021 the flow demanded by the migrant population in the studied localities was around 8 Mgal/d (350 L/s), which is 35.1% of the total flow demanded by the entire migrant population in Bogotá. The migrant water consumption was between 4.8% and 6.1% of the total demand for the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the social inclusion perceived by Guangzhou residents and the underlying factors based on the 2019 social survey with nearly 10,000 respondents. Surveys were conducted via quota sampling targeted at government officials and enterprise employers, referring to the Industrial Classification for National Economic Activities and the employment statistics of Guangzhou. In addition, online questionnaires were distributed to the general public. Responses were collected and analyzed through a multiple-regression model. Critical findings are as follows: (1) Residents' attitude toward foreign immigrants is generally lower than that toward domestic migrants. Migrants who obtained Guangzhou hukou rated a higher social inclusion score than natives. (2) Residents without Guangzhou household registration expected that Guangzhou residents have better social inclusion scores for foreign immigrants. (3) People working in high-tech industries have lower social inclusion toward foreign migrants than those working in low-end industries, as there are no conflicts of interest between low-end workers and foreign migrants. Moreover, these two groups of people have more frequent interactions, given their living proximity. (4) Social inclusion held by residents in the inner-city region of Guangzhou is significantly higher than that of residents in the outer sphere, indicating a positive relationship between living environment and social inclusion perceptions. This paper lays the groundwork for identifying the relationship between social inclusion perceptions and differences in household registration statuses, working industries, and residence locations. It further facilitates the development of a more inclusive city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo examine the status and influencing factors of medication seeking behaviors among migrant population with chronic diseases for promoting reasonable medication seeking in the population.MethodsThe data on 5 657 migrant people with chronic diseases (aged 18 – 96 years, averagely 51.25 ± 12.02) were extracted from Dynamic Monitoring Survey among Migrant Population conducted in 2017 across China and that on population were from China Health Statistics Yearbook – 2019. Based on Anderson behavioral model for health services utilization, hierarchical model was used to analyze influencing factors of medication seeking behaviors among migrant people with chronic diseases.ResultsOf the patients surveyed, 88.51% reported seeking medication when being ill during previous one year and only 21.12% reported ever seeking medical services in primary medical institutions. The results of multi-level logistic regression analysis revealed following promoting factors for seeking medication during previous one year: ever receiving health education (odds ratio [OR] = 1.396), with their health records being established (OR = 1.273), with medical insurance (OR = 1.447), with a residence no more than 15 minutes away from a nearest medical institution (OR = 1.329), having poor self-rated health (OR = 1.611), and higher proportion of government health expenditure in total health expenditure (OR = 1.048); the results also indicated that ever receiving health education (OR = 1.407), with their health records being established (OR = 1.487), and with a residence no more than 15 minutes away from a nearest medical institution (OR = 1.273) were promoting factors for seeking medical service in primary medical institutions.ConclusionAmong adult migrant people with chronic diseases, both personal factors and the proportion of government health expenditure in total health expenditure are associated with medication seeking behaviors.

Abstract Background Internal migrants have an enormous impact on tuberculosis (TB) epidemic in China. Zhejiang Province, as one of the developed areas, also had a heavy burden caused by TB. Methods In this study, we collected all cases in Zhejiang Province through the TB Management Information System from 2013 to 2017. Description analysis and Spatio-temporal analysis using R software and ArcGIS were performed to identify the epidemiological characteristics and clusterings, respectively. Results 48,756 individuals in total were notified with TB among the migrant population (TBMP), accounting for one-third of all cases identified. The primary sources of TB from migrants outside the province were from Guizhou, Sichuan, and Anhui. Wenzhou, Taizhou, and Lishui were the three mainly outflowing cities among the intra-provincial TBMP and Hangzhou as the primarily inflowing city. Also, results implied that the inconsistency of the TBMP in spatial analysis and the border area of Quzhou and Lishui city had the highest risk of TB occurrence among the migrants. Additionally, one most likely cluster and four secondary clusters were identified by the spatial–temporal analysis. Conclusion The effective control of TB in extra-provincial MP was critical to lowering the TB burden of MP in Zhejiang Province. Also, it is suggested that active TB screening for migrant employees outflowed from high epidemic regions should be strengthened, and further traceability analysis needs to be investigated to clarify the mechanism of TB transmission in clustered areas.

BackgroundMental health is defined by the World Health Organization as a state of wellbeing in which people are aware of their own abilities to cope with the normal stresses of life, work productively and fruitfully, and contribute to their community. Among the minority groups that may be vulnerable to experiencing greater risks for their physical and mental health and full development is the migrant population. The mobile population's migration experience, from their place of origin to destination translates into psychosocial problems and clearly stressful conditions which could be resolved using certain coping strategies. Accordingly, numerous epidemiological studies have found differences in the prevalence of mental health problems between migrants and native-born residents of destination countries, as well as between migrants and their non-migrant co-nationals.PurposeTo describe sociodemographic characteristics of the Latino migrant population in the United States who visited the Health Windows (HW) and Mobile Health Units (MHU) in 2021, who may have been at risk for mental, neurological or substance use disorders and agreed to a screening for signs and symptoms of mental health conditions.MethodUsers of the HW and MHU were offered preventive health services and completed a mental health screening. These variables were registered in SICRESAL. If their results showed signs and symptoms of mental health conditions, they were screened by credentialed professionals from the Psychology Faculty of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. Screened individuals received a diagnosis and specialized care remotely and/or online with the MHU and HW network partners. To analyze sociodemographic variables corresponding to neurological or substance induced mental illness among the Latino migrant population in the United States who visited the Ventanillas de Salud (VDS)/Health Windows (HW), and Unidades Móviles de Salud (UMS)/Mobile Health Units (MHU), during 2021; contingency tables were created showing percentages and chi square with a significant p < 0.05.FindingsDuring 2021 HW and MHU completed a total of 794 mental health screenings of which 84% were completed at HW. Further, 59% were women with an average age of 43, ranging from 7 to 86 years of age. Twenty percent 20% of the population who voluntarily agreed to screening yielded a positive result for some type of mental health symptom or problem. This percentage (37%) was greater among those who consulted MHU. With respect to age, results showed that youth were at greatest risk for mental health problems. Among the screened population, the independent variables, type of Health Window attended, gender, age group, and place of origin are related to the existence of some type of mental health symptom or problem yielding a significance level of

ObjectivesChina has implemented an equalization of public health Services policy for migrants in 40 pilot cities since 2013. The main objective of this study is to explore the effect of this migrant-based reform policy on the health status of the migrant population in China.MethodsUsing the China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS), we included 152,000 migrants aged 15 years or over in 2018. Standardized questionnaires were used to collect socio-economic information and self-reported health status. The Associations between the equalization of public health services and health status were estimated using Multiple regression estimation models and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) methods.ResultsPublic health equalization reform in China has a significant and positive effect on the health status of the migrant population (β = 0.033, p < 0.001). Compared to males, higher income, under 60 years of age, inter-provincial mobility, and migrants those already living in urban areas, the equalization of public health Services had shown more significant positive effects on the groups who were inter-provincial migration (β = 0.055, p < 0.001), females (β = 0.055, p < 0.001), having low-income (β = 0.077, p < 0.001), aged over 60 years old (β = 0.191, p < 0.001), and living in rural areas (β = 0.038, p < 0.001). And multiple robustness tests prove that the above results are reliable.Conclusions and implicationsOur findings confirmed the positive health effect of the equalization of public health services reform on china's migrant population, especially among vulnerable groups such as those in low income groups, in rural areas and females. And we recommend that it is necessary to further promote the practices and experiences of the pilot cities. First, strengthen health education for the mobile population and improve their health literacy. Second, further increase the financial investment to improve the coverage of public health services and the equity in resource allocation among regions. Last, strengthen the information-based management of the migrant population and prevent and control infectious diseases.

Background: The European Green Deal does not consider the issue of migrant inclusion, nor are there specific data on the risk of migrants falling into energy poverty, social exclusion, and other data that could help create an effective policy that would be applied in this area. The main objective of this study is to assess the current status of the migrant population when it comes to risk from poverty (including energy poverty) and social exclusion in four (4) EU countries with the most significant influx of migrants. Results: An analysis included two main indicators aimed to describe level of risk of migrants to fall into energy poverty: (a) persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion by group of citizenship (population aged 18 and over, male and female); and (b) Migrant Integration Policy Index. The results revealed that foreign-born citizens have greater poverty or social exclusion risk. In 2020, citizens of Sweden that were not born in the EU28 had more than 360% greater chance than national citizens of being at risk of poverty (including energy poverty) or social exclusion. In France, foreign citizens were 340% more likely to be exposed to poverty than national citizens, while Germany records the highest rate: 250% in 2020. The United Kingdom rates demonstrate an increased 10% (2014–2018) difference in the risk of poverty (including energy poverty) or social exclusion for foreign citizens. In addition, results obtained by using the Migrant Integration Policy Index showed highest level of Anti-discrimination score is highest in Sweden, and lowest in Albania. On the other hand, Labor market mobility score is highest in Sweden, and lowest in Slovenia. Conclusions: Bearing in mind the results of the research, the primary recommendations elaborated in the paper are as follows: (a) up-to-date collection and innovation of data for the migrant population (including data on energy poverty); (b) creation of conditions for more efficient employment of migrants; (c) adoption of special measures to protect migrants from energy poverty, and (d) strengthening of cooperation between the EU and to non-EU countries on the migrant route. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Amid China's rapid urbanization, the growing migrant population has increasingly drawn attention due to the rising prevalence of mental health concerns. Based on a large cross-sectional study, we explored the relationship between social factors and depression and anxiety among the migrant population and also quantified the correlations of different dimensions of social support and the varying levels of depression and anxiety. Results showed that the prevalence of depression and anxiety are 47.0% and 34.9%, respectively, among the 19,498 migrant populations. Females and individuals with chronic conditions were found to be more vulnerable to experiencing symptoms of anxiety and depression within the migrant population. Participants who received higher levels of social support were less likely to experience symptoms of depression and anxiety. Additionally, various dimensions of social support (including subjective, objective, and utilization) exhibited significant negative associations with different levels of depression and anxiety within the migrant population. Social support plays a crucial role in alleviating depression and anxiety among the migrant population, particularly in mitigating moderate and severe symptoms, which provides an important reference for improving the mental well-being of the migrant population., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors have read and concurred with the content of the manuscript and there are no potential conflicts of interest to report., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

As health equity becomes a prioritized goal in global health policy, extensive research has revealed that socio-economic and geographical factors jointly exacerbate barriers to medical service access for both internal and international migrant populations, further accelerating existing health disparities. This study explores healthcare service utilization disparities among internal migrants in China, a population profoundly affected by the country's economic reforms and urbanization since the late 1970s. These transformations have led to significant migratory movements and subsequent healthcare challenges for these populations. Leveraging data from the 2017 China Migrant Dynamic Survey, comprising 169,989 samples across 28 provinces, we introduce a novel metric-the "No Treatment ratio" (NT-ratio). This ratio quantifies the proportion of migrants who, after falling ill, choose not to seek treatment relative to the total migrant population in a given province or region, serving as a critical measure of health risk. Building upon Anderson's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use, we adapted the model to better reflect the unique circumstances of migrant populations. The study employs spatial autocorrelation, hotspot analysis, and geodetector techniques to dissect the multifaceted factors influencing healthcare disparities. Our Findings reveal that the NT-ratio is significantly higher in eastern and northeastern China. Key factors influencing the NT-ratio include age, left-behind experiences, health education, and per capita medical resources. In response to these disparities, we recommend optimizing the distribution of medical resource, strengthening tiered diagnosis and treatment systems, and integrating health, education, and social security resources. These measures aim to improve healthcare utilization among migrant populations and reduce health inequities, aligning with global health objectives., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Li, Yamada, Gao, Yang and Nie.)

[Purpose/Significance] Citizenization of migrant population is the core issue of urbanization, and social integration is a necessary stage in the process of citizenization. It is important to demonstrate the modernization of urban governance system and capacity by the degree of social integration of migrant population, and as a part of public cultural service system, public libraries should play their due roles in promoting social integration. [Method/Process] From the perspective of migrant population, this paper analyzes the multiple demands of migrant population in the process of social integration, and regards public libraries as having three functions in the process of social integration, providing social support to enhance the employment competitiveness of migrant population, and satisfying part of the demands for urban basic public services, and the psychological and spiritual demands. [Results/Conclusions] In order to improve urban governance system and capacity, this paper proposes to improve the current public library service system beneficial to the social integration based on the three dimensions of equality, accessibility and service coverage.