151 results on '"Mielgo-Ayuso, J."'
Search Results
2. Fruit and vegetables consumption is associated with higher vitamin intake and blood vitamin status among European adolescents
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Mielgo-Ayuso, J and Valtueña, J
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Vitamins -- Health aspects ,Fruit -- Health aspects ,Teenagers -- Food and nutrition -- Health aspects ,Youth -- Food and nutrition -- Health aspects ,Vegetables -- Health aspects ,Food/cooking/nutrition ,Health - Abstract
Background/Objectives: Current research in adults indicates that fruit and vegetable (FAV) consumption increases serum levels of vitamins C, E and folate of [beta]-carotene and reduces homocysteine concentrations. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of FAV consumption on vitamin intakes and their impact on blood vitamin concentrations in European adolescents. Subject/Methods: This multi-center cross-sectional study included 702 (53.7% females) adolescents, aged 12.50-17.49 years, from 10 European cities. Two independent self-administered 24 h dietary recalls were used to estimate the adolescent's diet. The total energy, vitamins and FAV consumption were calculated. Adolescents were categorized into three groups: (i) very low FAV intake ( Results: The main results showed that those adolescents meeting the FAV recommendation, classified as FAV adequate consumers, presented higher intake of energy and some vitamins as B6, total folic acid, C, E and [beta]-carotene compared with FAV very low consumers (P Conclusions: Having a FAV dairy intake above 400 g/day is associated with higher vitamin intake and blood vitamin concentrations, especially for antioxidant and B-vitamins concentrations., Author(s): J Mielgo-Ayuso [sup.1] , J Valtueña [sup.1] , I Huybrechts [sup.2] [sup.3] , C Breidenassel [sup.1] [sup.4] , M Cuenca-García [sup.5] [sup.6] , S De Henauw [sup.2] , P [...]
- Published
- 2017
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3. Effects of ergo-nutritional strategies on recovery in combat sports disciplines
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López Laval, I., Marqués-Jiménez, D., Velarde-Sotres, Á., Sitko, S., Calleja Gonzalez, J., and Mielgo-Ayuso, J.
- Abstract
In order to improve the recovery process in combat sports disciplines, ergo-nutritional strategies could be an effective option in training and competition. Some of these ergo-nutritional aids could improve performance but literature references are scarce, with controversial results regarding actual recovery effects. This systematic review aimed to examine which ergo-nutritional methods are most effective for assisting in the recovery process in combat sports, and to determine the appropriate training stimuli. This systematic review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review (PRISMA) guidelines. A computerized search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Collaboration Database, Evidence Database, Evidence Based Medicine Search review, National Guidelines, EM-BASE, Scopus and Google Scholar system (from 1995 to April 30, 2021). The PICOS model was used to define inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of 123 studies initially found, 18 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Data from 367 athletes from different disciplines were examined. The evidence was grouped in 4 areas: oxidative stress, muscle and energy recovery, muscle repair, and metabolic acidosis. Evidence showed that vitamins, minerals, and some natural ergo-nutritional products are effective as antioxidants. Carbohydrates and protein determine the recovery effect. Sodium bicarbonate has a role as primary acidosis metabolic delayer. Accordingly, ergo-nutritional aids can help in the recovery process. Considering the effects outlined in the literature, more studies are needed to provide firm evidence. Para mejorar el proceso de recuperación en las disciplinas deportivas de combate, las estrategias ergo-nutricionales son una opción eficaz en el entrenamiento y la competición. Algunas de estas alternativas mejoran el rendimiento, pero actualmente existe una escasa bibliografía con resultados controvertidos relacionados con el efecto de recuperación. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo determinar qué estrategias ergo-nutricionales son más efectivas en los procesos de recuperación. Se llevó a cabo siguiendo las pautas Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review (PRISMA). Se realizó una búsqueda computarizada en PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Collaboration Database, Evidence Database, Evidence Based Medicine Search review, National Guidelines, EM-BASE, Scopus y el sistema Google Scholar (desde 1995 hasta el 30 de abril de 2021). Se utilizó el modelo PICOS para definir los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. De los 123 estudios encontrados inicialmente, 18 cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad y fueron incluidos. Se examinaron datos de 367 atletas de diferentes disciplinas. La evidencia se agrupó en 4 áreas: estrés oxidativo, recuperación muscular y energética, reparación muscular y acidosis metabólica. La evidencia mostró que las vitaminas, los minerales y algunos productos ergo-nutricionales naturales son eficaces como antioxidantes, los hidratos de carbono y las proteínas determinan su efecto recuperador y el bicarbonato de sodio es el principal retardador metabólico de la acidosis. Se destaca la importancia de aceptar un plan ergo-nutricional para mejorar el proceso de recuperación. A pesar de ello, y teniendo en cuenta los efectos descritos en la literatura, se necesitan más estudios para reforzar la evidencia actual.
- Published
- 2022
4. Inclusion of resistance routines in a hypoxia training program does not interfere with prevention of acute mountain sickness
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Urdampilleta A, León-Guereño P, Calleja-González J, Roche E, and Mielgo-Ayuso J
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resistance-endurance training ,Acute mountain sickness ,intermittent hypoxia ,mountain expeditions ,altitude acclimatization - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Acclimatization strategies have been shown to be the best solutions to avoid acute mountain sickness. In this context, we have designed a protocol performed in hypoxia that includes resistance routines in combination with classical endurance training exercises with mountain trekking at mid altitude. METHODS: Thirty-two volunteers preparing different mountain expeditions participated in the study distributed into two groups. One group trained at 2000 m, while another group trained at 4500-5800 m of simulated altitude in a hypoxic chamber. Acute mountain sickness was monitored by answering the Lake Louise Scale questionnaire during 2 sleeping sessions at 4800 m of simulated altitude at the beginning and at the end of the study. At the same time, oxygen saturation was determined in both groups to monitor physiologic adaptation. Data were also collected from the base camps in each expedition before ascension. RESULTS: Acute mountain sickness incidence in the hypoxic group decreased from 100% at the beginning to 12% of individuals at the end of the training period, and it was 25% at the base camps of expeditions. On the other hand, the control group passed from 100% to 88% of individuals at the end of the intervention and 70% at the base camps. At the same time, acute mountain sickness severity was mild in the experimental group compared to moderate-severe in the control group. These data were supported by the oxygen saturation values, indicating adequate adaptation changes for altitude in the hypoxic group. CONCLUSION: The inclusion of resistance workouts in combination with endurance exercises, all performed in hypoxic conditions, does not interfere with an optimal adaptation to altitude and to prevent acute mountain sickness.
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- 2021
5. Electromyography: a simple and accessible tool to assess physical performance and health during hypoxia training. A systematic review
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Fernández-Lázaro, D. (Diego), Mielgo-Ayuso, J. (Juan), Adams, D.P. (David P.), González-Bernal, J.J. (Jerónimo J.), Fernández-Araque, A. (Ana), Cano-García, A. (Alicia), and Fernández-Lázaro, C.I. (César I.)
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Muscle response ,Electromyography ,Health car ,Hypoxia ,Exercise ,Fatigue ,Physical performance - Abstract
Hypoxia causes reduced partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood and induces adaptations in skeletal muscle that may affect individuals’ physical performance and muscular health. These muscular changes are detectable and quantifiable by electromyography (EMG), an instrument that assesses electrical activity during active contraction at rest. EMG is a relatively simple and accessible technique for all patients, one that can show the degree of the sensory and motor functions because it provides information about the status of the peripheral nerves and muscles. The main goal of this review is to evaluate the scientific evidence of EMG as an instrument for monitoring different responses of skeletal muscles subjected to external stimuli such as hypoxia and physical activity. A structured search was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in Medline/PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library Plus. The search included articles published in the last 25 years until May 2020 and was restricted to English- and Spanish-language publications. As such, investigators identified nine articles that met the search criteria. The results determined that EMG was able to detect muscle fatigue from changes in the frequency spectrum. When a muscle was fatigued, high frequency components decreased and low frequency components increased. In other studies, EMG determined muscle activation increased during exercise by recruiting motor units and by increasing the intensity of muscle contractions. Finally, it was also possible to calculate the mean quadriceps quadratic activity used to obtain an image of muscle activation. In conclusion, EMG offers a suitable tool for monitoring the different skeletal muscle responses and has sufficient sensitivity to detect hypoxia-induced muscle changes produced by hypoxic stimuli. Moreover, EMG enhances an extension of physical examination and tests motor-system integrity.
- Published
- 2020
6. Impact of Magnesium Supplementation in Muscle Damage of Professional Cyclists Competing in a Stage Race
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Córdova A, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Roche E, Caballero-García A, and Fernandez-Lázaro D
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cycling, exercise, muscle damage, performance, supplementation - Abstract
Magnesium is a cofactor of different enzymatic reactions involved in anabolic and catabolic processes that affect muscular performance during exercise. In addition, it has been suggested that magnesium could participate in maintaining muscle integrity during demanding effort. The main purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of magnesium supplementation in preventing muscle damage in professional cyclists taking part in a 21-day cycling stage race. Eighteen male professional cyclists ( n = 18) from two teams were recruited to participate in the research. They were divided into 2 groups: the control group ( n = 9) and the magnesium-supplemented group ( n = 9). The supplementation consisted of an intake of 400 mg/day of magnesium during the 3 weeks of competition. Blood samples were collected according to World Anti-Doping Agency rules at three specific moments during competition: immediately before the race; mid competition; and before the last stage. Levels of serum and erythrocyte magnesium, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine kinase, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, myoglobin, aldolase, total proteins, cortisol and creatinine were determined. Serum and erythrocyte magnesium levels decreased during the race. Circulating tissue markers increased at the end of the race in both groups. However, myoglobin increase was mitigated in the supplemented group compared with the controls. We conclude that magnesium supplementation seems to exert a protective effect on muscle damage.
- Published
- 2019
7. Seasonal variation and diet quality among Spanish people aged over 55 years.
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Aparicio-Ugarriza, R., Rumi, C., Luzardo-Socorro, R., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Palacios, G., Bibiloni, M. M., Julibert, A., Argelich, E., Tur, J. A., and González-Gross, M.
- Abstract
There is evidence supporting the importance of a healthy diet; however, there are few studies analyzing the seasonal variation of food intake. The present study was aimed to evaluate seasonal variation of food and energy intake in Spanish elderly also to investigate diet quality based on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) score. From a cross-sectional study, 28 individuals (39% males) aged over 55 years volunteered for a longitudinal follow-up. Dietary assessment was evaluated through 24-h dietary recalls. Energy and nutrient intake were calculated using DIAL software. Furthermore, diet quality was measured using HEI. Data was analyzed considering the interaction of sex, age, fitness status, and body composition. Cereals intake was significantly lower in summer than in winter and autumn (both
p < 0.05); whereas, drinks intake was significantly higher in summer than in winter, spring, and autumn (allp < 0.01). Daily energy intake was significant higher in spring than in summer, and in autumn than in summer (p < 0.05), and energy intake from lunch was also statistically higher in spring than in summer (p < 0.01). The HEI was classified as good; however, a negative and significant association was observed between HEI and cholesterol, alcohol, and monounsaturated fatty acids intake (p < 0.01). Cereals and drinks intake and total daily energy intake changed according to seasons. This should be considered in nutritional studies. Diet quality seems not to be affected by these seasonal changes, and HEI did not show a good association with the majority of foods and macro- and micronutrients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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8. Ingesta dietética de hierro y su deficiencia en las jugadoras de voleibol femenino de élite
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Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Urdampilleta, A., Martínez-Sanz, J. M., and Seco, J.
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Volleyball ,Ferritina ,Voleibol ,Iron deficiency ,Transferrina ,Ferritins ,Transferrin ,Dieta ,Deficiencia de hierro ,Diet - Abstract
Introducción: La práctica del voleibol requiere repetidos impactos en brazos y pies provocados por saltos verticales, caídas, remates, cambios bruscos y rápidos de dirección, por lo que se nos podría plantear problemas en el metabolismo del hierro (Fe) y la ingesta recomendada de Fe de 18 mg/día (en el colectivo femenino a nivel general), no sea suficiente para cubrir las necesidades de Fe de las jugadoras de voleibol femenino (JVF). Objetivo: Evaluar el estado de los depósitos de Fe mediante los cambios producidos en la ferritina sérica (FS) e índice de saturación de transferrina (IST) y evaluar la ingesta de Fe tras 11 semanas de entrenamiento. Métodos: Se analizó la FS e IST de 10 JVF de un equipo de la Superliga española (26,6 ± 5,9 años y talla 178,05 ± 8,7 cm) en dos momentos de la temporada: Semana 0 (previo al inicio de los entrenamientos de pretemporada) y semana 11 (tras 11 semanas de entrenamiento y 6 partidos de la liga regular). Así mismo se calculó el consumo de Fe en este periodo a partir de cuestionarios de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos elaborados y comprobados a partir de registros dietéticos de 7 días. Resultados: Se observó que una ingesta de 25,8 mg/día de Fe dietario no es suficiente para prevenir que un 30% de las JVF sufran déficit de Fe pre-latente y el 20% déficit latente (pre-anemia). Conclusión: Sería recomendable la realización de analíticas periódicas y una educación alimentaria, enseñando que alimentos contienen un alto contenido en Fe de tipo hemo, así como los factores que pueden interferir en su absorción. Introduction: Volleyball practice requires repeated impacts on arms and feet caused by vertical jumps, falls, auctions, sudden and rapid changes of direction, which is why might raise us problems in the metabolism of iron (Fe) and the recommended intake of 18 mg/day (in the women in general), is not sufficient to meet the needs of the players of volleyball female (JVF). Objective: We analyzed the FS and IST of 10 JVF a team of Spanish SuperLeague (26.6 ± 5.9 years and height 178.05 ± 8.7 cm) in two moments of the season: Week 0 (pre-start of preseason) and week 11 (after 11 weeks of training and 6 games of the regular season). Also calculated Fe intake in this period with consumption frequency questionnaire developed and tested with food dietary records of 7 days. Results: We observed that an intake of 25.8 mg/day of dietary Fe is not sufficient to prevent 30% of the JVF suffer pre-latent iron deficiency and 20% latent deficit (pre-anemia). Conclusion: It could be recommended conducting periodic blood analytical and a food education, teaching which foods containing a high content of Fe-type heme, and the factors that can interfere with absorption.
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- 2012
9. Estudio de la composición corporal en deportistas masculinos universitarios de difertentes disciplinas deportivas
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Martínez Sanz, José Miguel, Urdampilleta Otegui, Aritz, Mielgo Ayuso, J., and Janci Irigoyen, J.
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159.9 - Psicología ,79 - Diversiones. Espectáculos. Cine. Teatro. Danza. Juegos.Deportes ,Deportistas universitarios - Published
- 2012
10. Impact of former performed physical activity on body composition and physical fitness in postmenopausal Spanish women
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Aparicio-Ugarriza, R., primary, Mielgo-Ayuso, J., additional, Luzardo-Socorro, R., additional, Maroto-Sanchez, B., additional, Seco, R., additional, Argelich, E., additional, Bibiloni, M.M., additional, Palacios-LeBlé, G., additional, Tur, J.A., additional, and Gonzalez-Gross, M., additional
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- 2015
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11. Association between physical fitness and b-vitamin status in Spanish elderly people
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Aparicio-Ugarriza, R., primary, Mielgo-Ayuso, J., additional, Luzardo-Socorro, R., additional, Seco, R., additional, Biblioni, M.M, additional, Argelich, E., additional, Capó, X., additional, Palacios, G., additional, Tur, J.A., additional, and González-Gross, M., additional
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- 2015
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12. NECESIDADES ENERGÉTICAS, HÍDRICAS Y NUTRICIONALES EN EL DEPORTE.
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Martínez-Sanz, José Miguel, Urdampilleta, A., and Mielgo-Ayuso, J.
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SPORTS nutrition ,BODY weight ,BODY composition ,COOLDOWN - Abstract
Copyright of Motricidad: European Journal of Human Movement is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Ciencias del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
13. Dietary iron intake and deficiency in elite women volleyball players].
- Author
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Mielgo-Ayuso, J, Urdampilleta, A, Martínez-Sanz, J M, and Seco, J
- Abstract
Introduction: Volleyball practice requires repeated impacts on arms and feet caused by vertical jumps, falls, auctions, sudden and rapid changes of direction, which is why might raise us problems in the metabolism of iron (Fe) and the recommended intake of 18 mg/day (in the women in general), is not sufficient to meet the needs of the players of volleyball female (JVF). Objective: We analyzed the FS and IST of 10 JVF a team of Spanish SuperLeague (26.6 ± 5.9 years and height 178.05 ± 8.7 cm) in two moments of the season: Week 0 (pre-start of preseason) and week 11 (after 11 weeks of training and 6 games of the regular season). Also calculated Fe intake in this period with consumption frequency questionnaire developed and tested with food dietary records of 7 days. Results: We observed that an intake of 25.8 mg/day of dietary Fe is not sufficient to prevent 30% of the JVF suffer pre-latent iron deficiency and 20% latent deficit (pre-anemia). Conclusion: It could be recommended conducting periodic blood analytical and a food education, teaching which foods containing a high content of Fe-type heme, and the factors that can interfere with absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Impact of physical activity and cardiovascular fitness on total homocysteine concentrations in European adolescents: The HELENA study
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Benser, J., Valtueña, J., Ruiz, J. R., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Breidenassel, C., Vicente-Rodriguez, G., Ferrari, M., Widhalm, K., Manios, Y., Sjöström, M., Molnar, D., Gómez-Martínez, S., Kafatos, A., Palacios, G., Moreno, L. A., Castillo, M. J., Stehle, P., González-Gross, M., Helena Study Group, Gottrand, F., Henauw, S., Gilbert, C., Libersa, C., Sánchez, J., Kersting, M., Sjöstrom, M., Molnár, D., Dallongeville, J., Hall, G., Maes, L., Scalfi, L., Meléndez, P., Fleta, J., Casajús, J. A., Rodríguez, G., Tomás, C., Mesana, M. I., Vicente-Rodríguez, G., Villarroya, A., Gil, C. M., Ara, I., Revenga, J., Lachen, C., Alvira, J. F., Bueno, G., Lázaro, A., Bueno, O., León, J. F., Garagorri, J. M., Bueno, M., López, J. P. R., Iglesia, I., Velasco, P., Bel, S., Marcos, A., Wärnberg, J., Nova, E., Díaz, E. L., Romeo, J., Veses, A., Puertollano, M. A., Zapatera, B., Pozo, T., Beghin, L., Iliescu, C., Berlepsch, J., Sichert-Hellert, W., Koeppen, E., Erhardt, E., Csernus, K., Török, K., Bokor, S., Angster, Nagy, E., Kovács, O., Répasi, J., Codrington, C., Plada, M., Papadaki, A., Sarri, K., Viskadourou, A., Hatzis, C., Kiriakakis, M., Tsibinos, G., Sbokos, C. V. M., Protoyeraki, E., Fasoulaki, M., Pietrzik, K., Spinneker, A., Al-Tahan, J., Segoviano, M., Berchtold, A., Bierschbach, C., Blatzheim, E., Schuch, A., Pickert, P., Garzón, M. J. C., Sáinz, Á G., Porcel, F. B. O., Artero, E. G., Romero, V. E., Pavón, D. J., Muñoz, C. S., Soto, V., Chillón, P., Heredia, J. M., Virginia A Aparicio, Baena, P., Cardia, C. M., Carbonell, A., Arcella, D., Azzini, E., Barrison, E., Bevilacqua, N., Buonocore, P., Catasta, G., Censi, L., Ciarapica, D., D’acapito, P., Galfo, M., Le Donne, C., Leclercq, C., Maiani, G., Mauro, B., Mistura, L., Pasquali, A., Piccinelli, R., Polito, A., Spada, R., Sette, S., Zaccaria, M., Vitaglione, P., Montagnese, C., Bourdeaudhuij, I., Vriendt, T., Matthys, C., Vereecken, C., Maeyer, M., Ottevaere, C., Huybrechts, I., Dietrich, S., Grammatikaki, E., Bouloubasi, Z., Cook, T. L., Eleutheriou, S., Consta, O., Moschonis, G., Katsaroli, I., Kraniou, G., Papoutsou, S., Keke, D., Petraki, I., Bellou, E., Tanagra, S., Kallianoti, K., Argyropoulou, D., Kondaki, K., Tsikrika, S., Karaiskos, C., Meirhaeghe, A., Bergman, P., Hagströmer, M., Hallström, L., Hallberg, M., Poortvliet, E., Rizzo, N., Beckman, L., Wennlöf, A. H., Patterson, E., Kwak, L., Cernerud, L., Tillgren, P., Sörensen, S., Sánchez-Molero, J., Picó, E., Navarro, M., Viadel, B., Carreres, J. E., Merino, G., Sanjuán, R., Lorente, M., Sánchez, M. J., Castelló, S., Thomas, S., Allchurch, E., Burguess, P., Astrom, A., Sverkén, A., Broberg, A., Masson, A., Lehoux, C., Brabant, P., Pate, P., Fontaine, L., Sebok, A., Kuti, T., Hegyi, A., Maldonado, C., Llorente, A., García, E., Fircks, H., Hallberg, M. L., Messerer, M., Larsson, M., Fredriksson, H., Adamsson, V., Börjesson, I., Fernández, L., Smillie, L., Wills, J., Pedrero-Chamizo, R., Meléndez, A., Benito, P. J., Lorente, J. J. G., Cañada, D., Urzanqui, A., Ortiz, J. C., Fuentes, F., Jiménez-Pavón, D., Albers, U., Ayuso, J. M., Torres, R. M., and Navarro, P.
15. Muscle fatigue in athletes: Physical, nutritional and pharmacological methods for improving recovery,La fatiga muscular en los deportistas: Métodos físicos, nutricionales y farmacológicos para combatirla
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Urdampilleta, A., Armentia, I., Gómez-Zorita, S., José Miguel Martínez Sanz, and Mielgo-Ayuso, J.
16. Dietary intake and food sources of Niacin, Riboflavin, Thiamin and Vitamin B-6 in a representative sample of the Spanish population. The ANIBES study
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Mielgo-Ayuso, J. (Juan)
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- ANIBES study, B-related vitamins, Misreporting, Food intake
- Abstract
Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin B6 are essential micronutrients that are mainly involved in energy metabolism; they may prevent the occurrence of developmental abnormalities and chronic degenerative and neoplastic diseases. The aim was to analyze dietary intake and food sources of those four nutrients in subjects (n = 2009) aged 9–75 years old from the Spanish ANIBES (Anthropometric data, macronutrients and micronutrients intake, practice of physical activity, socioeconomic data and lifestyles in Spain) study. Dietary data were collected by means of a validated, photo-based three-day dietary food record. Underreporting was analysed according to the European Food and Safety Authority (EFSA, Parma, Italy) protocol. Mean (max–min) reported intake for the whole population of thiamin was 1.17 ± 0.02 mg/day, (0.30–3.44 mg/day), riboflavin 1.44 ± 0.02 mg/day, (0.37–3.54 mg/day), niacin 29.1 ± 0.2 mg/day (6.7–109 mg/day), and vitamin B6 1.54 ± 0.01 mg/day (0.28–9.30 mg/day). The main sources of intake for thiamin, niacin, and vitamin B6 were meat and meat products, and for riboflavin were milk and dairy products. An elevated percentage of the Spanish ANIBES population meets the EFSA recommended intakes for thiamin (71.2%), riboflavin (72.0%), niacin (99.0%), and vitamin B6 (77.2%).
- Published
- 2018
17. Does seasonality affect fluid intake?
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Luzardo-Socorro, R., Rumi, C., Aparicio-Ugarriza, R., Maroto-Sánchez, B., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., and González-Gross, M.
- Subjects
- *
SEASONS , *DRINKING (Physiology) , *OLDER people - Abstract
Introduction: The proportion of elderly population is increasing globally; however, there are few studies on fluid intake in older adults and specifically on beverage intake throughout the seasons. Objective: To evaluate the effects of changes on fluid intake according to the four seasons in Spanish elderly people. Method: Twenty-eight Spanish subjects aged over 55 years (60.7% females) performed a longitudinal study during one year. Subjects completed in each season a 24-hour dietary recall. Fluid intake was calculated using the DIALfood composition computer program (AlceIngeniería, S.L.). Also, physical fitness status was evaluated performing two strength tests and subjects were divided into 2 fitness groups (fit and unfit). Data was analyzed using one-way repeated measures. Results: Beverage intake was higher in summer than in winter (p=0.001), spring (p=0.008) and autumn (p=0.005). Water was the fluid most consumed in all seasons. Seasonal variation was highest for soft, diet drinks and beer. An interaction effect of sex, age, and fitness status was not observed (p>0.05). Conclusions: Seasonality has an influence on fluid intake and should be considered when analyzing drinking behavior and water and beverage intake in research studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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18. Evaluation of Family-Based Interventions as a Therapeutic Tool in the Modulation of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review.
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Celorrio San Miguel AM, Garrosa E, Fernández-Araque AM, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Roche E, and Arribalzaga S
- Abstract
Childhood obesity is a major public health burden. The prevalence of weight excess for children and the adolescent population (8 to 16 years) is 34.9%. During childhood, lifestyles are acquired, which are developed in adulthood. In this context, the role of parents is crucial, since they are the model to imitate. We aimed to evaluate the current evidence on the effects of family-based interventions as a tool in the treatment of childhood obesity. We reviewed studies indexed in several databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Original articles published from 1 January 2014 to 30 May 2024 with a controlled trial design were considered, in which family-based interventions were carried out compared to a control group or to data before the intervention. Although 148 records were identified in the search, 6 studies met inclusion criteria. Overall, studies reported beneficial effects of family-based interventions on improving anthropometric parameters: BMI z-score, BMI, waist circumference, and body fat percentage. Regarding nutritional and physical activity guidelines, general recommendations must consider increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, reducing sugary drinks, controlled screen time, and 30-60 min of physical activity/day. Thus, family-based interventions could be an effective non-pharmacological strategy for modulating childhood obesity, allowing families to modify their lifestyles.
- Published
- 2024
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19. Interactions between Stress Levels and Hormonal Responses Related to Sports Performance in Pro Women's Basketball Team.
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Miguel-Ortega Á, Calleja-González J, and Mielgo-Ayuso J
- Abstract
The testosterone to cortisol ratio (T:C ratio) is a measure of whether elite athletes are recovering from their training. This study described this hormone balance stress in elite women's basketball. (1) Objectives: to analyse the fluctuation of T:C ratio over a 16-week period and explore itis relation to their athletic performance. The participants characteristics were: (height: 177.6 ± 6.4 cm; body mass: 77.808 ± 12.396 kg age: 26.0 ± 5.9 years; and a playing experience of 14.7 ± 2.9 years with 5.0 ± 1.2 years at the elite level. The T:C ratio at Time 1 is: 4.0 ± 2.4 ( n = 12); and at Time 2 is: 5.1 ± 4.3 ( n = 12). (2) Methods: during 16 weeks of competition, participants underwent analysis of blood samples to assess various biochemical parameters including hormone levels. In addition, their athletic performance was assessed with the following tests: jumping (SJ, CMJ, ABK, DJ); throwing test with a medicine ball (3 kg); Illinois COD agility test; sprint repeatability with change of direction; 20-m speed test without change of direction; and Yo-yo intermittent endurance test IET (II). (3) Results: The main alterations observed were an increase in T levels (1.687%) and a decrease in C levels (-7.634%) between moments, with an improvement (26.366%) in the T:C ratio. Improvements were also observed in some of the tests developed, such as jumping (SJ: 11.5%, p = 0.029; CMJ: 10.5%, p = 0.03; DJ: 13.0%, p = 0.01), upper body strength (MBT: 5.4%, p = 0.03), translation ability (20 m: -1.7%), repeated sprint ability (RSA: -2.2%), as well as intermittent endurance test (Yy (IET): 63.5%, p = 0.01), with significant changes in some of the performance tests. (4) Conclusions: T:C ratio may differ in a manner unrelated to training volume, showing some variation. These results may be attributed to the accumulation of psychophysiological stress during the season.
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- 2024
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20. The Influence of Anthropometric Variables on the Performance of Elite Traditional Rowers.
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Castañeda-Babarro A, León-Guereño P, Viribay A, Gutiérrez-Santamaría B, López I, and Mielgo-Ayuso J
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Athletes' anthropometry, and especially their body composition, plays an important role in sport performance in general and in Trainera rowing in particular. Rowers' anthropometric and performance profiles may vary according to their position in the boat. The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship between anthropometry, physical performance, physiological variables, and elite male rowers' boat positions. Twenty elite male traditional rowers were assessed and categorized according to their boat position: either in the middle of the boat (M) ( n = 9) or in the bow and stern positions (BS) ( n = 11). Anthropometric measurements and body composition were obtained for each rower, and physical performance was measured by a 45-s supramaximal rowing test and a VO
2max incremental test on a Concept II rowing ergometer. The results showed that the rowers in the middle were taller (186.6 ± 4.9 cm), and significant differences were also found between the two groups according to body mass (BS 72.3 ± 3.8 vs. M 85.4 ± 4.3) and peak power (BS 641.5 ± 84 vs. M 737 ± 47.1), mean power (BS 538.5 ± 48.4 vs. M 604.1 ± 42.3), and physiological parameters ( p < 0.05), VO2max (BS 66.5 ± 4.9 vs. M 59.3 ± 6.7). It can be concluded that height could be associated with elite rowers' performance and that a lower body mass index is related to better performance in bow and stern positions.- Published
- 2024
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21. Perceptions and use of recovery strategies in water polo players and coaches: a worldwide survey.
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Barrenetxea-Garcia J, Perazzetti A, Nuell S, Mielgo-Ayuso J, de Villarreal ES, and Calleja-González J
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The objective of this study was to assess the perceived usefulness, actual use and limitations for the application of recovery strategies among water polo (WP) players and their coaches around the world. A total of 231 WP players and 76 coaches representing all continents, both genders and all levels of competition, completed a freely accessible online survey. This was divided into three sections: sociodemographic data (8 questions), importance of perceived usefulness of recovery strategies (3 questions), and actual use of recovery methods (6 questions). The majority of players and coaches considered recovery strategies as very important (52.4% and 59.2%, respectively) and posttraining session (28.1% and 26.5%) were the most frequently used times. The most selected reasons to justify their use were to reduce the injury risk (30.4% and 26.9%) and the most limitation to the use of recovery strategies were that they are too time-consuming (34.9% and 29%). In the case of the players, stretching were the strategies perceived as most useful and used (12.7% and 18.1%); and in the case of the coaches, it was active recovery (11.2% and 15%). The present study suggests a degree of discrepancy between the scientific literature and the research participants' perceptions and usages of recovery methods. This information may be of interest for coaches and technical staff of WP teams to look for appropriate recovery strategies for the improvement of their players' performance., Competing Interests: CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported., (Copyright © 2024 Korean Society of Exercise Rehabilitation.)
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- 2024
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22. Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Post-Exercise Inflammation, Muscle Damage, Oxidative Response, and Sports Performance in Physically Healthy Adults-A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Arribalzaga S, Gutiérrez-Abejón E, Azarbayjani MA, Mielgo-Ayuso J, and Roche E
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Antioxidants administration & dosage, Biomarkers blood, Creatine Kinase blood, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Athletic Performance physiology, Dietary Supplements, Exercise, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 administration & dosage, Inflammation, Muscle, Skeletal drug effects, Muscle, Skeletal metabolism, Oxidative Stress drug effects
- Abstract
Omega-3 is a family of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which have been used to treat a wide variety of chronic diseases, due mainly to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, among others. In this context, omega-3 could be post-exercise recovery agent and sports supplement that could improve performance by preserving and promoting skeletal muscle mass and strength. No conclusive evidence, however, exists about the potential effects of omega-3 on post-exercise biomarkers and sports performance in physically healthy adults. Based on the PRISMA in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sports Medicine, and Sports Science (PERSiST) guidelines, we systematically reviewed studies indexed in Web of Science, Scopus, and Medline to assess the effects of omega-3 on post-exercise inflammation, muscle damage, oxidant response, and sports performance in physically healthy adults. The search was performed on original articles published in the last 10 years up to 5 May 2024, with a controlled trial design in which omega-3 supplementation was compared with a control group. Among 14,971 records identified in the search, 13 studies met the selection criteria. The duration of the interventions ranged from 1 day to 26 weeks of supplementation and the doses used were heterogeneous. Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in the control group in 3 of the 4 studies where these markers were analyzed. C-reactive protein (CRP) was significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in the control group of 2 of the 13 studies where this marker was analyzed. The delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) gave mixed results. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) showed improvements with supplementation, but tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) displayed no differences. The consumption of n-3 PUFAs improved some indicators of oxidative stress such as reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio. Additional evidence is needed to establish clear recommendations regarding the dose and length of n-3 PUFA supplements. These may benefit the post-exercise inflammatory response, mitigate muscle damage, and decrease oxidative stress caused by exercise. However, studies did not evaluate omega-3 status at baseline or following supplementation and therefore the observations must be treated with caution.
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- 2024
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23. Impact of a short-term nitrate and citrulline co-supplementation on sport performance in elite rowers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial.
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Viribay A, Alcantara JMA, López I, Mielgo-Ayuso J, and Castañeda-Babarro A
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- Humans, Male, Double-Blind Method, Young Adult, Adult, Water Sports physiology, Beta vulgaris chemistry, Citrulline pharmacology, Citrulline administration & dosage, Athletic Performance physiology, Dietary Supplements, Cross-Over Studies, Nitrates administration & dosage, Nitrates pharmacology
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Purpose: Citrulline (CIT) and beetroot extract (BR) have separately shown benefits in rowing performance-related outcomes. However, effects of combined supplementation remain to be elucidated. The main purpose of this research was to study the effects of 1 week of daily co-supplementation of 3.5 g BR (500 mg NO
3 - ) plus 6 g CIT on aerobic performance, maximal strength, and high-intensity power and peak stroke in elite male rowers compared to a placebo and to a BR supplementation., Methods: 20 elite rowers participated in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial completing 1 week of supplementation in each group of study: Placebo group (PLAG); BR group (BRG); and BR + CIT group (BR-CITG). 3 main physical tests were performed: aerobic performance, Wingate test and CMJ jump, and metabolic biomarkers and physiological outcomes were collected., Results: The Wingate all-out test showed no between-condition differences in peak power, mean power, relative power, or fatigue index (P > 0.05), but clearance of lactate was better in BR-CITG (P < 0.05). In the performance test, peak power differed only between PLAG and BR-CITG (P = 0.036), while VO2peak and maximum heart rate remained similar. CMJ jumping test results showed no between-condition differences, and blood samples were consistent (P > 0.200)., Conclusion: Supplementation with 3.5 g of BR extract plus 6 g of CIT for 7 days improved lactate clearance after Wingate test and peak power in a performance test. No further improvements were found, suggesting longer period of supplementation might be needed to show greater benefits., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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24. Effect of Foam Roll recovery method on performance in water polo players: a randomized controlled trial.
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Barrenetxea-García J, Nuell S, Garai S, Murua-Ruiz A, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Calleja-González J, and Sáez de Villarreal E
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- Humans, Male, Female, Young Adult, Swimming physiology, Adult, Athletic Performance physiology, Water Sports physiology, Heart Rate physiology
- Abstract
Objectives: This intervention study aimed to evaluate how the use of Foam Roller (FR) as a recovery strategy affects water polo performance after a seven-week (28-session) program., Design: A randomized controlled trial., Methods: Thirty water polo players (14 male amateur players and 16 female sub-elite players) were assigned by means of sealed opaque envelopes to the control group (CG) or Foam Roller Group (FRG) and performed the same total number and intensity of training sessions. Test protocols were performed before (pretest), in-test (week 5), and after the intervention period (posttest). These included water polo-specific performance tests such as in-water boost, throwing speed, and 20 m sprint swimming tests. In addition, during the intervention, heart rate (HR), the scale of perceived exertion of the session (sRPE), and total quality recovery scale (TQR) data were recorded., Results: There were no differences in the baseline values in any of the variables analyzed between CG and FRG. A small decrease in in-water boost was observed in CG (-2%, ES = -0.35 [-0.95: 0.26], p = 0.016, very likely small ) and in FRG (-2%, ES = -0.33 [-0.93: 0.27], p = 0.021, likely small ). No significant changes were found in either the 20 m swim test or the throwing test in CG and FRG. No clear differences among groups and weeks were found in sRPE, TQR and HR., Conclusion: The findings indicate that the use of FR as a recovery tool after training and matches is not useful in water polo players.
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- 2024
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25. Effects of HMB on Endurance Performance in a Healthy Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
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Fernández-Landa J, Todorovic N, Santibañez-Gutierrez A, Ostojic SM, Calleja-González J, Sekulic D, and Mielgo-Ayuso J
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- Humans, Performance-Enhancing Substances administration & dosage, Performance-Enhancing Substances pharmacology, Oxygen Consumption drug effects, Oxygen Consumption physiology, Athletic Performance physiology, Healthy Volunteers, Physical Endurance drug effects, Physical Endurance physiology, Dietary Supplements, Valerates administration & dosage, Valerates pharmacology
- Abstract
Abstract: Fernández-Landa, J, Todorovic, N, Santibañez-Gutierrez, A, Ostojic, SM, Calleja-González, J, Sekulic, D, and Mielgo-Ayuso, J. Effects of HMB on endurance performance in a healthy population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): e202-e210, 2024-β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) has been used extensively as a dietary supplement for athletes and physically active people. However, the ergogenic effect of HMB supplementation on endurance performance is still unclear. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis (SRMA) aimed to assess HMB supplementation on endurance performance and V̇O 2 max . This SRMA followed PRISMA guidelines. Three electronic databases were searched (PubMed/Medline, Web of Science [WOS], and Scopus) from inception until April 3, 2023. In this SRMA, human experimental trials, controlled with a placebo group, assessing the effect of HMB supplementation on endurance performance in a healthy population were included. The quality of the studies was assessed by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. The study protocol was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Review (PROSPERO): CRD42022341790. Eleven studies involving 279 participants met the inclusion criteria. The results displayed a significant improvement on endurance performance (pooled standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.58 [0.28-0.87]) and V̇O 2 max (pooled SMD = 0.58 [0.21-0.95]) after HMB ingestion. Moreover, after the exclusion of the studies not evenly distributed around the base of the funnel plot, the results continued to be significantly positive in endurance performance (pooled SMD = 0.38 [0.22-0.53]) and V̇O 2 max (pooled SMD = 0.25 [0.09-0.42]). In conclusion, HMB (3 g·d -1 ) ingestion during 2-12 weeks significantly improves endurance performance and V̇O 2 max ., (Copyright © 2023 National Strength and Conditioning Association.)
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- 2024
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26. Impact of Melatonin Supplementation on Sports Performance and Circulating Biomarkers in Highly Trained Athletes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.
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Celorrio San Miguel AM, Roche E, Herranz-López M, Celorrio San Miguel M, Mielgo-Ayuso J, and Fernández-Lázaro D
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- Humans, Antioxidants administration & dosage, Male, Female, Adult, Melatonin administration & dosage, Melatonin blood, Dietary Supplements, Athletic Performance physiology, Biomarkers blood, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Athletes
- Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5 methoxytryptamine) is an indolic neurohormone that modulates a variety of physiological functions due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunoregulatory properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to critically review the effects of melatonin supplementation in sports performance and circulating biomarkers related to the health status of highly trained athletes. Data were obtained by performing searches in the following three bibliography databases: Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. The terms used were "Highly Trained Athletes", "Melatonin", and "Sports Performance", "Health Biomarkers" using "Humans" as a filter. The search update was carried out in February 2024 from original articles published with a controlled trial design. The PRISMA rules, the modified McMaster critical review form for quantitative studies, the PEDro scale, and the Cochrane risk of bias were applied. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 articles were selected out of 294 references. The dose of melatonin supplemented in the trials ranged between 5 mg to 100 mg administered before or after exercise. The outcomes showed improvements in antioxidant status and inflammatory response and reversed liver damage and muscle damage. Moderate effects on modulating glycemia, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine were reported. Promising data were found regarding the potential benefits of melatonin in hematological biomarkers, hormonal responses, and sports performance. Therefore, the true efficiency of melatonin to directly improve sports performance remains to be assessed. Nevertheless, an indirect effect of melatonin supplementation in sports performance could be evaluated through improvements in health biomarkers.
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- 2024
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27. Acute Antioxidant Response to Two Types of Exercises: 2000 M Run vs. Burpee Test.
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Carrera-Quintanar L, Funes L, Herranz-López M, Vicente-Salar N, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Moya-Ramón M, Pons A, Micol V, and Roche E
- Abstract
Physical activity results in oxidative stress, as evidenced by the increased production of reactive oxygen, nitrogen species, and inflammatory mediators. The management of these components is instrumental for antioxidant adaptation to exercise and post-exercise recovery. Therefore, the present report aims to study the antioxidant response to two types of exercise (a 2000 m run and a burpee test) in healthy volunteers after a long period of inactivity (1-2 months). Antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress markers (protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde content) were measured in neutrophils, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and plasma. These parameters were determined under basal conditions and immediately post-exercise. Compared to those in basal state, neutrophil superoxide dismutase (28.3 vs. 22.9 pkat/10
9 cells), glutathione peroxidase (147.5 vs. 120.1 nkat/109 cells), and catalase (106.3 vs. 57.9 k/109 cells) were activated significantly ( p < 0.05) after the burpee test. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited only significant ( p < 0.05) catalase activation (113.6 vs. 89.4 k/109 cells) after the burpee test. Other enzymes, such as glutathione reductase and myeloperoxidase, tended to increase post-exercise, although the differences from baseline were not significant. Finally, compared to basal conditions, the protein carbonyl (24.5 vs. 14.5 mmol/L) and malondialdehyde (39.6 vs. 18.3 mmol/L) contents increased significantly ( p < 0.05) in neutrophils and in plasma (115.1 vs. 97.8 and 130.2 vs. 123.4 μmol/L, respectively) after the burpee test. In conclusion, high-intensity exercise seems to induce immediate oxidative stress in inactive individuals, and the acute antioxidant response was slightly greater after the burpee test than after the 2000 m run. Glutathione-dependent antioxidant systems are activated immediately as protective mechanisms.- Published
- 2024
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28. Resistance and endurance training in intermittent hypoxia reduce body fat mass and blood pressure.
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Urdampilleta A, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Vielba-Trillo C, Roche E, and Vicente-Salar N
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- Humans, Blood Pressure physiology, Single-Blind Method, Hypoxia, Adipose Tissue, Endurance Training, Resistance Training
- Abstract
Background: Hypoxia is an environmental condition that occurs in sports performed at high altitude. Adaptation to hypoxia is accompanied by changes in body composition and cardiac function that could impair sport performance in altitude. These changes concern mainly to a reduction in muscle mass and an increased heart rate. In this context, a resistance training protocol in a normobaric hypoxia chamber has been implemented. Therefore, the aim of this study was to study the changes in body composition and cardiovascular variables after a training period in intermittent hypoxia., Methods: A single-blind experimental study was carried out for 3 weeks. Thirty-two participants were distributed in a control group resistance training in normoxia (N) at sea level and an experimental group resistance training in intermittent hypoxia (IH) between a simulated 5100-5800m during 15 sessions with a controlled diet. Anthropometry according to ISAK was used to determine body composition. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and other cardiovascular parameters were monitored., Results: IH showed a reduction in body fat (from 8.9±1.9% to 8.2±1.7%) compared to N (from 8.4±1.5% to 8.1±1.4%) (P<0.001). In addition, significant changes in blood pressure were observed at the end compared to the beginning of the intervention in the IH (from 124.7±10.2 to 116.9±8.3 mmHg and 68.3±8.8 to 62.4±5.7 mmHg in systolic a diastolic blood pressure respectively). In addition, resting heart rate was significantly reduced in IH. However, partial oxygen saturation displayed no changes in both groups., Conclusions: Altogether, the training protocol in intermittent hypoxia performed in the present report allowed to adjust body weight through fat mass reduction but maintaining muscle mass. In addition, a decrease in blood pressure and basal heart rate was observed.
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- 2024
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29. Basis of preventive and non-pharmacological interventions in asthma.
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Ramos-Campo DJ, Beltran-Velasco AI, Martínez-Guardado I, Navarro Jimenez E, Redondo-Flórez L, Yáñez-Sepúlveda R, and Tornero-Aguilera JF
- Subjects
- Humans, Exercise, Exercise Therapy, Quality of Life, Asthma prevention & control
- Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common atopic disorders in all stages of life. Its etiology is likely due to a complex interaction between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Due to this, different non-pharmacological interventions can be implemented to reduce or alleviate the symptoms caused by this disease. Thus, the present narrative review aimed to analyze the preventive and non-pharmacological interventions such as physical exercise, physiotherapy, nutritional, ergonutritional, and psychological strategies in asthma treatment. To reach these aims, an extensive narrative review was conducted. The databases used were MedLine (PubMed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, PsychINFO, and CinAhl. Asthma is an immune-mediated inflammatory condition characterized by increased responsiveness to bronchoconstrictor stimuli. Different factors have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma, however, the treatments used to reduce its incidence are more controversial. Physical activity is focused on the benefits that aerobic training can provide, while physiotherapy interventions recommend breathing exercises to improve the quality of life of patients. Nutritional interventions are targeted on implement diets that prioritize the consumption of fruits and vegetables and supplementation with antioxidants. Psychological interventions have been proposed as an essential non-pharmacological tool to reduce the emotional problems associated with asthma., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Clemente-Suárez, Mielgo-Ayuso, Ramos-Campo, Beltran-Velasco, Martínez-Guardado, Navarro Jimenez, Redondo-Flórez, Yáñez-Sepúlveda and Tornero-Aguilera.)
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- 2023
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30. Validity and Reliability of the Short Physical Performance Battery Tool in Institutionalized Spanish Older Adults.
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Santamaría-Peláez M, González-Bernal JJ, Da Silva-González Á, Medina-Pascual E, Gentil-Gutiérrez A, Fernández-Solana J, Mielgo-Ayuso J, and González-Santos J
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Background: In order to be used safely, accurately and reliably, measuring instruments in the health field must first be validated, for which the study of their psychometric properties is necessary. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) tool is a widely used clinical assessment test that has been approved for usage across several nations, languages and demographics. Finding SPPB's psychometric properties for a sample of institutionalized older individuals is the aim of this research., Methods: This is a multicenter, retrospective and observational study of the psychometric properties of the Short Physical Performance Battery tool with a convenience sample of 194 institutionalized older adults. Reliability (internal consistency) and validity (construct validity and convergent validity) tests were performed., Results: The results show a very good internal consistency, construct validity and convergent validity. In addition, the factorial structure of the SPPB is provided, which reflects that it is a unidimensional scale., Conclusions: In conclusion, the Short Physical Performance Battery is a valid and reliable tool for use with institutionalized older adults. Its use is recommended as part of the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment for the evaluation of the physical or functional sphere. This study was not registered.
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- 2023
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31. β-Alanine Supplementation in Combat Sports: Evaluation of Sports Performance, Perception, and Anthropometric Parameters and Biochemical Markers-A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials.
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Fiandor EM, García JF, Busto N, Santamaría-Peláez M, Gutiérrez-Abejón E, Roche E, and Mielgo-Ayuso J
- Subjects
- Humans, Athletes, Dietary Supplements, Perception, Clinical Trials as Topic, Athletic Performance, Carnosine, Performance-Enhancing Substances
- Abstract
β-alanine does not have an ergogenic effect by itself, but it does as a precursor for the synthesis of carnosine in human skeletal muscle. β-alanine and carnosine together help improve the muscles' functionality, especially in high-intensity exercises such as combat sports. Therefore, β-alanine could be considered a nutritional ergogenic aid to improve sports performance in combat athletes. We aimed to critically review clinical trial evidence on the impact of β-alanine supplementation on sports performance, perception, and anthropometric parameters, as well as circulating biochemical markers in combat athletes. This systematic review was conducted following the specific methodological guidelines of the Preferred Report Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA), the PICOS question model, the Critical Review Form of McMaster, and the PEDro scale. Furthermore, the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool was used. The search was carried out in the SCOPUS, Web of Science (WOS), and Medline (PubMed) databases for studies published from the beginning of the database until July 31, 2023. Of the 41 registers identified, only 7 met the established criteria and were included in this systematic review. Overall, performance parameters related to strength, power, total exercise work capacity, and combat-specific parameters were significantly improved ( p < 0.05). Perception parameters increased non-significantly ( p > 0.05). Regarding biochemical parameters, carnosine increased significantly ( p < 0.05), pH decreased non-significantly ( p > 0.05), and the results for blood bicarbonate and blood lactate were heterogeneous. Finally, there was a non-significant ( p > 0.05) improvement in the anthropometric parameters of lean mass and fat mass. β-alanine supplementation appears to be safe and could be a suitable nutritional ergogenic aid for combat athletes.
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- 2023
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32. Effectiveness of Eccentric Overload Training in Basketball Players: A Systematic Review.
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Younes-Egana O, Mielgo-Ayuso J, M Stojanović MD, Bird SP, and Calleja-González J
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Several studies have confirmed the efficacy of flywheel eccentric overload training in order to improve or increase muscle volume and strength, as well as several performance-related fitness attributes, but to date, there are no studies that have reviewed the effects of these training methods in basketball. Therefore, the present systematic review aimed to collect the updated information about the influence of flywheel training on performance of basketball players. A search in four electronic databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) was conducted up to November 20, 2022. Articles were selected as valid for review if: (i) they were an experimental trial published in English; (ii) participants were basketball players without illnesses or injuries, and (iii) a rotational inertial overload method was used as a performance-dependent variable. A total of 93 articles were found. After filtering procedures, only seven studies were considered in this systematic review. In the selected studies, 203 participants were included, 58 females and 145 males. Focusing on basketball related performance variables, all the studies included the countermovement jump (CMJ), while five included sprinting and a change of direction test (COD). The results showed an improvement in performance-related variables associated with basketball (sprint, CMJ, and COD) through the use of inertial methods. Improvements were reported in professional, semi-professional and amateur players as well as both male and female players. However, given the low number of studies, additional investigations on this topic are warranted before a "clear picture" can be drawn concerning the effects of flywheel eccentric overload training in basketball players., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © Academy of Physical Education in Katowice.)
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- 2023
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33. Influence of N-Acetylcysteine Supplementation on Physical Performance and Laboratory Biomarkers in Adult Males: A Systematic Review of Controlled Trials.
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Domínguez-Ortega C, Busto N, Santamaría-Peláez M, Roche E, Gutiérez-Abejón E, and Mielgo-Ayuso J
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- Male, Adult, Humans, Dietary Supplements, Glutathione, Physical Functional Performance, Biomarkers, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Acetylcysteine pharmacology, Antioxidants
- Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is used as a sports supplement for its ability to modulate exercise-induced oxidative damage through its antioxidant actions and maintenance of glutathione homeostasis, positioning NAC as a strategy to improve physical performance. We aimed to evaluate the current evidence on the benefits of NAC supplementation on physical performance and laboratory biomarkers in adult men. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically reviewed studies indexed in the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed to assess the effects of NAC on physical performance, laboratory biomarkers, and adverse effects in adult men. Original articles published up to 30 April 2023 with a controlled trial design comparing NAC supplementation with a control group were included. The modified McMaster Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies was used as an assessment tool and the Cochrane Risk of Bias was applied. Of the 777 records identified in the search, 16 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Overall, most of the trials reported beneficial effects of NAC supplementation and no serious adverse events were reported. Participants supplemented with NAC showed significant improvements in exercise performance, antioxidant capacity, and glutathione homeostasis. However, there was no clear evidence of beneficial effects of NAC supplementation on haematological markers, inflammatory response, and muscle behaviour. NAC supplementation appears to be safe and may regulate glutathione homeostasis, have antioxidant effects, and improve exercise performance. However, further studies are needed to clarify the relevance of its use.
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- 2023
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34. Antioxidants and Sports Performance.
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Bustamante-Sanchez Á, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Martínez-Guardado I, Martín-Rodríguez A, and Tornero-Aguilera JF
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- Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, Vitamin E pharmacology, Dietary Supplements, Antioxidants pharmacology, Antioxidants metabolism, Athletic Performance
- Abstract
The role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant response in training adaptations and sports performance has been a large issue investigated in the last few years. The present review aims to analyze the role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant response in sports performance. For this aim, the production of reactive oxygen species in physical activities, the effect of reactive oxygen species on sports performance, the relationship between reactive oxygen species and training adaptations, inflammation, and the microbiota, the effect of antioxidants on recovery and sports performance, and strategies to use antioxidants supplementations will be discussed. Finally, practical applications derived from this information are discussed. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during physical activity greatly influences sports performance. This review concludes that ROS play a critical role in the processes of training adaptation induced by resistance training through a reduction in inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress, as well as appropriate molecular signaling. Additionally, it has been established that micronutrients play an important role in counteracting free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species, which cause oxidative stress, and the effects of antioxidants on recovery, sports performance, and strategies for using antioxidant supplements, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, resveratrol, coenzyme Q10, selenium, and curcumin to enhance physical and mental well-being.
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- 2023
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35. Factors Associated with Body Image and Self-Esteem in Mastectomized Breast Cancer Survivors.
- Author
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Álvarez-Pardo S, De Paz JA, Montserrat Romero-Pérez E, Portilla-Cueto KM, Horta-Gim MA, González-Bernal JJ, Fernández-Solana J, Mielgo-Ayuso J, García-Valverde A, and González-Santos J
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Body Image, Quality of Life, Cross-Sectional Studies, Self Concept, Surveys and Questionnaires, Breast Neoplasms surgery, Cancer Survivors
- Abstract
Body image (BI) and self-esteem (SE) are two fundamental aspects in the evolution of breast cancer (BC), mainly due to surgery, treatment, and the patient's conception of BI. A dissatisfaction with BI and low SE decreases the subject's quality of life and increases the risk of recurrence and mortality by BC. The aim of this study is to find out if there is any degree of association between the sociodemographic data of the sample and their BI and SE. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted with 198 women diagnosed with BC, aged 30-80 years, in Mexico. Women's BI and SE were assessed using two questionnaires, Hopwood Body Image Scale (S-BIS) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The results show significant differences in several items when the variable sense of humor is taken into account, indicating that women with a sense of humor report higher satisfaction with their BI and higher SE. The age also indicates a significantly better BI in women over 50 years of age, as well as the education level variable, where those women who had studied up to secondary reported higher satisfaction with their BI; the family history shows that those women without a family history report better SE. All these data are supported by stepwise regression, which shows that educational level and sense of humor are predictors of BI, and family history along with breast reconstruction and sense of humor are predictors as of SE. In conclusion, it is important to take into account the characteristics of women with BC, particularly age and sense of humor, in order to reduce the impact of the disease on their BI and SE with the help of a multidisciplinary team.
- Published
- 2023
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36. Related Factors with Depression and Anxiety in Mastectomized Women Breast Cancer Survivors.
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Álvarez-Pardo S, de Paz JA, Romero-Pérez EM, Tánori-Tapia JM, Rendón-Delcid PA, González-Bernal JJ, Fernández-Solana J, Simón-Vicente L, Mielgo-Ayuso J, and González-Santos J
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Depression diagnosis, Mastectomy, Cross-Sectional Studies, Anxiety diagnosis, Survivors, Breast Neoplasms surgery, Cancer Survivors
- Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer diagnosis with the highest mortality rate worldwide. The aim of this study was to identify factors related to depression and anxiety in mastectomized women BC survivors. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 198 women diagnosed with BC aged 30-80 years in Mexico. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The results showed that 94.44% and 69.18% of the women scored more than eight points on HADS in the anxiety and depression subscales, respectively; 70.20% and 10.60% were identified as pathological. The following variables were analyzed: age, time elapsed since the start of treatment, received treatment at the time of the evaluation, type of surgery, family history, marital status and employment status. Time elapsed since surgery, having a partner, and employment showed significant results as factors associated to levels of depression and anxiety in these patients. In conclusion, it has been shown that BCSs under 50 years of age receiving some kind of treatment, without family history, without a partner, with a job, with more than secondary education and with more than 5 years since diagnosis could have higher rates of clinical depression. On the other hand, BCSs older than 50 years receiving some kind of treatment, without family history, without a partner, with a job, with more than secondary education and with more than 5 years since diagnosis, could have higher rates of clinical anxiety. In conclusion, the variables studied provide valuable information for the implementation of psychotherapy plans in healthcare systems to reduce the risk of depression and/or anxiety in women with BC who have undergone mastectomy.
- Published
- 2023
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37. A commentary of factors related to player availability and its influence on performance in elite team sports.
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Calleja-González J, Mallo J, Cos F, Sampaio J, Jones MT, Marqués-Jiménez D, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Freitas TT, Alcaraz PE, Vilamitjana J, Ibañez SJ, Cuzzolin F, Terrados N, Bird SP, Zubillaga A, Huyghe T, Jukic I, Lorenzo A, Loturco I, Delextrat A, Schelling X, Gómez-Ruano M, López-Laval I, Vazquez J, Conte D, Velarde-Sotres Á, Bores A, Ferioli D, García F, Peirau X, Martin-Acero R, and Lago-Peñas C
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Author FC was employed by the company Manchester City Football Club. Authors JV and FG were employed by the company Fútbol Club Barcelona. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2023
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38. Effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention to reduce social isolation and loneliness in community-dwelling elders: A randomized clinical trial.
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Hernández-Ascanio J, Perula-de Torres LÁ, Rich-Ruiz M, González-Santos J, Mielgo-Ayuso J, and González-Bernal J
- Subjects
- Humans, Aged, Quality of Life psychology, Social Isolation psychology, Social Support, Loneliness psychology, Independent Living
- Abstract
Aims: To assess the effect of a multicomponent intervention on reducing social isolation and loneliness and improving the quality of life in community-dwelling older adults., Design: A cluster-randomized controlled clinical trial., Methods: A total of 56 older adults participated in the control group and 63 older adults in the experimental group. The intervention consisted of 6 home-based face-to-face sessions, intercalated with 5 telephone calls and was conducted by nursing students and volunteer staff with experience in the subject. The study was conducted between April 2018 and December 2019. In terms of statistical analysis, several procedures were carried out: a statistical analysis per protocol and intention to treat, considering isolation, loneliness and quality of life as endpoints; a comparison of paired means, to analyse the behaviour of the outcome variables at baseline and the end of the study; and finally, a binary logistic regression analysis, considering social support as a dependent variable., Results: The study results do not show the effectiveness of the modified CARELINK programme, analysed as a whole, on the decrease in social isolation or loneliness or the improvement in HRQL. However, a detailed analysis of the behaviour of some of the variables during the study indicates some results that deserve to be commented on. Comparing the mean confidential support scores between the experimental and control group at the initial and final stages shows significant differences in the analysis by protocol, and close to statistical significance in the analysis by intention to treat. Comparing the paired means obtained in the experimental group, an improvement in emotional loneliness scores was found. Finally, the variables associated with the social support of the subjects at the end of the follow-up period were as follows: having people who help them and mobility., Conclusion: Although the results obtained do not allow us to affirm that the intervention programme is effective, these same results point to improved confidential support and emotional loneliness in older adults participating in the intervention. Having people to help them and a greater degree of mobility are factors favouring the decrease in social isolation., Impact: This study suggested that modified CARELINK, a multicomponent intervention performed by trained volunteers, could improve confidential support in community-dwelling older adults. It also reports the importance of considering the level of mobility and support networks as determinants of the improvement caused by the intervention., (© 2022 The Authors. Nursing Open published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2023
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39. Effects on Respiratory Pressures, Spirometry Biomarkers, and Sports Performance after Inspiratory Muscle Training in a Physically Active Population by Powerbreath ® : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Corchete LA, García JF, Jerves Donoso D, Lantarón-Caeiro E, Cobreros Mielgo R, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Gallego-Gallego D, and Seco-Calvo J
- Abstract
Sports performance in athletes can be limited by respiratory factors, so it is understandable to propose that inspiratory muscle training (IMT) can improve respiratory function and exercise performance. Power-Breathe
® (PwB) is a sectorized respiratory muscle training tool that uses a resistive load to train IMT. There is currently a growing interest in respiratory muscle training, so we set out to systematically assess the effects of IMT with PwB on respiratory parameters and athletic performance in physically active, healthy adults. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline, the Cochrane and PEDro scales to assess methodological quality, effect size using the Rosenthal formula, and the Cochrane tool for estimation of risk of bias, studies searchable in Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane. In addition, for the performance of the meta-analysis, the documentation and quantification of the heterogeneity in each meta-analysis were directed through the Cochran's Q test and the I2 statistic; in addition, a publication bias analysis was performed using funnel plots. Of the total of 241 studies identified in the search, 11 studies for the systematic review and nine for the meta-analysis met the exclusion and/or inclusion criteria. IMT, with PwB, showed significant improvements in maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and substantial improvements in forced vital capacity (FVC) in the meta-analysis results. Also, sports performance was significantly increased by IMT with PwB. In conclusion, the use of PwB is an IMT tool that improves respiratory and sports performance.- Published
- 2022
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40. Inflammation in COVID-19 and the Effects of Non-Pharmacological Interventions during the Pandemic: A Review.
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Bustamante-Sanchez Á, Tornero-Aguilera JF, Ruisoto P, and Mielgo-Ayuso J
- Subjects
- Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Pandemics prevention & control, Inflammation therapy, Nutritional Status, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 therapy
- Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that hit the health systems worldwide hard, causing a collapse of healthcare systems. One of the main problems of this new virus is the high inflammatory response it provokes, which is the cause of much of the symptoms. Different pharmacological approaches tried to stop the advance of the pandemic, but it seems that only vaccines are the solution. In this line, different nonpharmacological approaches have been made in order to improve symptomatology, contagion, and spread of COVID-19, the principal factors being the physical activity, nutrition, physiotherapy, psychology, and life patterns. The SARS-CoV-2 virus produces a disproportionate inflammatory response in the organism of the guest and causes complications in this that can end the life of the patient. It has been possible to see how different nonpharmacological interventions based on physical activity, nutritional, psychological, and physical therapy, and lifestyle changes can be functional tools to treat this inflammation. Thus, in the present review, we aim to provide an overview of the role of inflammation in COVID-19 and the nonpharmacological interventions related to it.
- Published
- 2022
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41. Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors in Relation to Age, Type of Surgery and Length of Time since First Treatment.
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Alvarez-Pardo S, Romero-Pérez EM, Camberos-Castañeda N, de Paz JA, Horta-Gim MA, González-Bernal JJ, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Simón-Vicente L, Fernández-Solana J, and González-Santos J
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Quality of Life, Mastectomy, Cross-Sectional Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cancer Survivors, Breast Neoplasms surgery
- Abstract
(1) Background: Quality of life assessment is a critical aspect of breast cancer patient outcomes, as diagnosis, prognosis and treatment can have a major impact on quality of life. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of the sample and to verify the relationship between quality of life (QOL) in women diagnosed with breast cancer (BC) and their age, type or surgery and time since treatment; (2) Methods: a cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted with 183 women diagnosed with BC, aged 30−80 years in Mexico. Women’s QOL was assessed using two questionnaires, The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life Core Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30) and The Breast Cancer Module (EORTC QLQ-BR23). (3) Results: the results show significant differences in several items when the variable age is taken into account, indicating that younger women have poorer social and sexual function, as well as poorer sexual enjoyment and lower expectations of the future. The type of surgery also indicates a significantly better QOL in those women who receive conservative treatment versus a mastectomy; the time elapsed since surgery does not show any significant results, except for sexual functioning and breast-related symptoms where >5 years implies better scores on the items. (4) Conclusions: in conclusion, it is important to take into account the characteristics of women with BC, particularly at the time of treatment, in order to mitigate the impact of the disease on their QOL with the help of a multidisciplinary team.
- Published
- 2022
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42. 6-Week Supplementation with Tribulus terrestris L. to Trained Male CrossFit ® Athletes on Muscle, Inflammation, and Antioxidant Biomarkers: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
- Author
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Seco-Calvo J, Pascual-Fernández J, Domínguez-Ortega C, Del Valle Soto M, and Mielgo-Ayuso J
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacology, Antioxidants pharmacology, Biomarkers, Inflammation drug therapy, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Oxidative Stress, Single-Blind Method, Athletes, Dietary Supplements, Muscles metabolism, Tribulus, Plant Preparations
- Abstract
Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) ingredients have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, but their effects on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in trained athletes are uncertain. The purpose of this single-blind placebo-controlled trial, in accordance with CONSORT guidelines, was to examine the effect of 6 weeks of TT supplementation on muscle metabolism, inflammation biomarkers, and oxidant status. Thirty trained male CrossFit® athletes were randomly assigned to be supplemented with 770 mg/day of TT (intervention group (IG)) or receive a placebo daily (control group (CG)) for 6 weeks. Muscle damage enzymes, inflammation biomarkers, and Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) were assessed at baseline (T1), 21 days after baseline (T2), and after 42 days (T3). Grace, a Workout of the Day, was measured in T1 and T3. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) was found between IG and CG in Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), and TAS levels at the end of the follow-up. Furthermore, TAS levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower at T2 and T3 relative to baseline in the IG, also LDH and CRP increased significantly (p < 0.05) at T2 and T3 relative to baseline in the CG. No significant (p > 0.05) decreases in muscle damage or inflammation biomarkers were observed, although a slight downward trend was observed after 6 weeks for supplemented athletes. TT supplementation could attenuate the CrossFit® training program-induced oxidative stress, muscle damage, and inflammation which could be due to the natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of TT., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2022
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43. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Serum Levels Linked to Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2228570, rs2282679, rs10741657) in Skeletal Muscle Aging in Institutionalized Elderly Men Not Supplemented with Vitamin D.
- Author
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Hernández JLG, Lumbreras E, Mielgo-Ayuso J, and Seco-Calvo J
- Subjects
- Aged, Aging genetics, Calcifediol, Genotype, Humans, Male, Muscle, Skeletal, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Vitamin D analogs & derivatives, Vitamins, Cholestanetriol 26-Monooxygenase genetics, Cytochrome P450 Family 2 genetics, Receptors, Calcitriol genetics, Sarcopenia genetics, Vitamin D Deficiency genetics, Vitamin D-Binding Protein genetics
- Abstract
Sarcopenia (Sp) is the loss of skeletal muscle mass associated with aging that results in an involution of muscle function and strength. Vitamin D deficiency is a common health problem worldwide, especially among the elderly, and hypovitaminosis D leads to musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact and presence of a possible linkage between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) CYP2R1 (rs10741657), GC (rs2282679), and VDR (rs2228570), serum 25-OH/D concentrations and the link with the degree of sarcopenia in 19 institutionalized elderly men not supplemented with vitamin D. Levels of 25-OH vitamin D were quantified with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and 3 SNPs were genotyped with KASPar assays. Significant differences in 25-OH/D concentration were determined between the bi-allelic combinations of rs228679 and rs228570. We detected statistically significant weak positive correlations between the AA (rs10741657 and rs228570) and TT (rs228679) and alleles and 25-OH/D and the probability of having higher 25-OH/D concentrations was 2- to 3-fold higher. However, the GG alleles of the 3 SNPs showed that the probability of having optimal 25-0H/D concentrations decreases by 32% for rs10741657, 38% for rs228679, and 74% for rs228570, showing a strong negative correlation between the degree of sarcopenia and 25-OH/D levels. Allelic variations in CYP2R1 (rs10741657), GC (rs2282679), and VDR (rs10741657) affect vitamin D levels and decisively influence the degree of sarcopenia in institutionalized elderly people.
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- 2022
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44. The Burden of Carbohydrates in Health and Disease.
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Martín-Rodríguez A, Ramos-Campo DJ, Redondo-Flórez L, and Tornero-Aguilera JF
- Subjects
- Carbohydrates, Diet, Glucose, Humans, Phylogeny, Sugars, Gastrointestinal Microbiome physiology
- Abstract
Foods high in carbohydrates are an important part of a healthy diet, since they provide the body with glucose to support bodily functions and physical activity. However, the abusive consumption of refined, simple, and low-quality carbohydrates has a direct implication on the physical and mental pathophysiology. Then, carbohydrate consumption is postulated as a crucial factor in the development of the main Western diseases of the 21st century. We conducted this narrative critical review using MedLine (Pubmed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, and CinAhl databases with the MeSH-compliant keywords: carbohydrates and evolution, development, phylogenetic, GUT, microbiota, stress, metabolic health, consumption behaviors, metabolic disease, cardiovascular disease, mental disease, anxiety, depression, cancer, chronic kidney failure, allergies, and asthma in order to analyze the impact of carbohydrates on health. Evidence suggests that carbohydrates, especially fiber, are beneficial for the well-being and growth of gut microorganisms and consequently for the host in this symbiotic relationship, producing microbial alterations a negative effect on mental health and different organic systems. In addition, evidence suggests a negative impact of simple carbohydrates and refined carbohydrates on mood categories, including alertness and tiredness, reinforcing a vicious circle. Regarding physical health, sugar intake can affect the development and prognosis of metabolic disease, as an uncontrolled intake of refined carbohydrates puts individuals at risk of developing metabolic syndrome and subsequently developing metabolic disease., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
- Published
- 2022
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45. Recovery in water polo: how much do we have to know? A systematic review.
- Author
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Barrenetxea-Garcia J, Murua-Ruiz A, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Nuell S, Calleja-González J, and de Villarreal ES
- Abstract
Water polo (WP) is a high-intensity intermittent aquatic sport, with a predominance of swimming skills and nonswimming activities and incomplete recovery periods. Consequently, recovery after exercise is a fundamental part of sports performance. The main purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of different recovery strategies in WP performance. The studies were found by searching in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines samples. A summary of results including five studies was followed. The results show that supplementation with cherry juice before training does not imply improvements in recovery; the full-body photobiomodulation therapy reduces muscle damage; reducing training load during the season increased the natural logarithm of the root mean square of successive differences and perceived state of recovery, and the heart rate variability stabilizes and could progressively increase at the end of a tournament; and when an increase in internal training load is less than 60%-70% autonomic cardiac disturbances during preseason training do not occur. Recovery in WP is a very limited field of study that needs future research in active recovery, hydrotherapy, massage, rest and sleep to help coaches formulate recommendations., Competing Interests: CONFLICT OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported., (Copyright © 2022 Korean Society of Exercise Rehabilitation.)
- Published
- 2022
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46. Effects of Citrulline Supplementation on Different Aerobic Exercise Performance Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Author
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Viribay A, Fernández-Landa J, Castañeda-Babarro A, Collado PS, Fernández-Lázaro D, and Mielgo-Ayuso J
- Subjects
- Dietary Supplements, Lactates, Citrulline pharmacology, Exercise
- Abstract
Supplementation with Citrulline (Cit) has been shown to have a positive impact on aerobic exercise performance and related outcomes such as lactate, oxygen uptake (VO
2 ) kinetics, and the rate of perceived exertion (RPE), probably due to its relationship to endogenous nitric oxide production. However, current research has shown this to be controversial. The main objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze and assess the effects of Cit supplementation on aerobic exercise performance and related outcomes, as well as to show the most suitable doses and timing of ingestion. A structured literature search was carried out by the PRISMA® (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and PICOS guidelines in the following databases: Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS). A total of 10 studies were included in the analysis, all of which exclusively compared the effects of Cit supplementation with those of a placebo group on aerobic performance, lactate, VO2 , and the RPE. Those articles that used other supplements and measured other outcomes were excluded. The meta-analysis was carried out using Hedges' g random effects model and pooled standardized mean differences (SMD). The results showed no positive effects of Cit supplementation on aerobic performance (pooled SMD = 0.15; 95% CI (-0.02 to 0.32); I2 , 0%; p = 0.08), the RPE (pooled SMD = -0.03; 95% CI (-0.43 to 0.38); I2 , 49%; p = 0.9), VO2 kinetics (pooled SMD = 0.01; 95% CI (-0.16 to 0.17); I2 , 0%; p = 0.94), and lactate (pooled SMD = 0.25; 95% CI (-0.10 to 0.59); I2 , 0%; p = 0.16). In conclusion, Cit supplementation did not prove to have any benefits for aerobic exercise performance and related outcomes. Where chronic protocols seemed to show a positive tendency, more studies in the field are needed to better understand the effects.- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Effects of Tribulus terrestris L. on Sport and Health Biomarkers in Physically Active Adult Males: A Systematic Review.
- Author
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Fernandez-Lazaro CI, Seco-Calvo J, Garrosa E, Adams DP, and Mielgo-Ayuso J
- Subjects
- Adult, Biomarkers, Dietary Supplements, Humans, Male, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Sports, Tribulus
- Abstract
Tribulus terrestris L. ( TT ) is a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine, Ayurvedic medicine, and sports nutrition to improve health and performance. However, no conclusive evidence exists about the potential beneficial effects of TT on sport and health biomarkers in physically active adults. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the modified McMaster Critical Review Form for methodological quality assessment, we systematically reviewed studies indexed in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed, to assess the effects of TT on immunological, hematological, biochemical, renal, lipidic, hormonal behavior, and anti-inflammatory response in physically active adult males. Among 340 records identified in the search, a total of 7 studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Overall, participants supplemented with TT displayed significant improvements in lipid profile. Inflammatory and hematological biomarkers showed moderate beneficial effects with no significant changes on renal biomarkers. No positive effects were observed on the immune system response. Additionally, no TT -induced toxicity was reported. In conclusion, there was no clear evidence of the beneficial effects of TT supplementation on muscle damage markers and hormonal behavior. More studies are needed to confirm the benefits of TT due to the limited number of studies available in the current literature.
- Published
- 2022
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48. Adequacy of an Altitude Fitness Program (Living and Training) plus Intermittent Exposure to Hypoxia for Improving Hematological Biomarkers and Sports Performance of Elite Athletes: A Single-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.
- Author
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Santamaría G, Gutiérrez-Abejón E, Domínguez-Ortega C, García-Lázaro SM, and Seco-Calvo J
- Subjects
- Altitude, Athletes, Biomarkers blood, Hemoglobins metabolism, Humans, Hypoxia, Male, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Fitness, Single-Blind Method, Athletic Performance, Erythropoietin, Exercise physiology
- Abstract
Athletes incorporate altitude training programs into their conventional training to improve their performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an 8-week altitude training program that was supplemented with intermittent hypoxic training (IHE) on the blood biomarkers, sports performance, and safety profiles of elite athletes. In a single-blind randomized clinical trial that followed the CONSORT recommendations, 24 male athletes were randomized to an IHE group (HA, n = 12) or an intermittent normoxia group (NA, n = 12). The IHE consisted of 5-min cycles of hypoxia−normoxia with an FIO2 of between 10−13% for 90 min every day for 8 weeks. Hematological (red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, hematocrit, reticulated hemoglobin, reticulocytes, and erythropoietin), immunological (leukocytes, monocytes, and lymphocytes), and renal (urea, creatinine, glomerular filtrate, and total protein) biomarkers were assessed at the baseline (T1), day 28 (T2), and day 56 (T3). Sports performance was evaluated at T1 and T3 by measuring quadriceps strength and using three-time trials over the distances of 60, 400, and 1000 m on an athletics track. Statistically significant increases (p < 0.05) in erythropoietin, reticulocytes, hemoglobin, and reticulocyte hemoglobin were observed in the HA group at T3 with respect to T1 and the NA group. In addition, statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) were achieved in all performance tests. No variations were observed in the immunological or renal biomarkers. The athletes who were living and training at 1065 m and were supplemented with IHE produced significant improvements in their hematological behavior and sports performance with optimal safety profiles.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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49. Effectiveness of Comirnaty ® Vaccine and Correlates of Immunogenicity and Adverse Reactions: A Single-Center Prospective Case Series Study.
- Author
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Garrosa M, Sánchez-Serrano N, Garrosa E, Jiménez-Callejo E, Pardo Yanguas MD, Mielgo-Ayuso J, and Seco-Calvo J
- Abstract
The literature suggests that real-world data on the effectiveness and safety of the BNT162b2 vaccine depend on the characteristics of the vaccinated volunteers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antibody responses and kinetics, established association with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and adverse reactions after complete vaccination with the BNT162b2 vaccine. A single-center prospective case series study was conducted with 112 eligible volunteers who were institutionalized elderly and health care workers with had a negative anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG test prior to receiving the first dose of vaccine. At least one serological antibody test after each dose of vaccine was performed. Volunteers with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test before vaccination were excluded. A chemiluminescent immunoassay anti-S1 antibody assay performed a serological evaluation. Both vaccine doses elicited positive IgG antibodies 3799.0 ± 2503.0 AU/mL and 8212.0 ± 4731.0 AU/mL after 20 days of the first and second doses of BNT162b2, respectively. Comirnaty® vaccine induced an immune response with antibody production against SARS-CoV-2 in 100% of participants, regardless of age (Spearman rho = −0.10, p-value = 0.312), body mass index (Spearman rho = 0.05, p-value = 0.640), blood group first dose (p-value for Kruskal−Wallis test = 0.093) and second dose (p-value for Kruskal−Wallis test = 0. 268), number of drugs (Spearman rho = −0.07, p-value = 0.490), and number of chronic diseases first dose (p-value for Kruskal−Wallis test = 0.632) and second dose (p-value for Kruskal−Wallis test = 0.510). IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 were intensely elevated after the second administration of the BNT162b2 vaccine. The higher the titer of anti-peptide IgG antibodies generated after the first dose of vaccine, the higher the titer generated by the second dose of vaccine (Spearman rho = 0.86, p-value < 0.001) and the total antibody titer (Spearman rho = 0.93, p-value < 0.001). Furthermore, no serious adverse effects were reported among participants, although mild to moderate adverse effects (local or systemic) were reported after both doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine, being more frequent after the first dose of the vaccine. No participants showed a positive PCR. The BNT162b2 vaccine induces a robust and rapid antibody response regardless of participant characteristics. The second dose might be especially important because of the increased immunogenicity it produces and the possible temporal distancing of the interval between doses. In general, the vaccines were well tolerated.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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50. Effects of ergo-nutritional strategies on recovery in combat sports disciplines.
- Author
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López Laval I, Marques-Jiménez D, Velarde-Sotres Á, Sitko S, Calleja Gonzalez J, and Mielgo-Ayuso J
- Subjects
- Humans, Antioxidants, Athletes, Vitamins, Sports physiology
- Abstract
Introduction: In order to improve the recovery process in combat sports disciplines, ergo-nutritional strategies could be an effective option in training and competition. Some of these ergo-nutritional aids could improve performance but literature references are scarce, with controversial results regarding actual recovery effects. This systematic review aimed to examine which ergo-nutritional methods are most effective for assisting in the recovery process in combat sports, and to determine the appropriate training stimuli. This systematic review was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review (PRISMA) guidelines. A computerized search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Collaboration Database, Evidence Database, Evidence Based Medicine Search review, National Guidelines, EM-BASE, Scopus and Google Scholar system (from 1995 to April 30, 2021). The PICOS model was used to define inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of 123 studies initially found, 18 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Data from 367 athletes from different disciplines were examined. The evidence was grouped in 4 areas: oxidative stress, muscle and energy recovery, muscle repair, and metabolic acidosis. Evidence showed that vitamins, minerals, and some natural ergo-nutritional products are effective as antioxidants. Carbohydrates and protein determine the recovery effect. Sodium bicarbonate has a role as primary acidosis metabolic delayer. Accordingly, ergo-nutritional aids can help in the recovery process. Considering the effects outlined in the literature, more studies are needed to provide firm evidence.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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