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This review focuses on the coexistence of tinnitus and temporomandibular disorders in terms of epidemiological data, etiology, differential diagnosis, treatment, and interaction between the two disorders. PubMed, Google Scholar, and ClinicalKey digital databases were used to search for publications covering the years 2009–2024. Finally, 77 publications were used. The review followed recommendations of the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles. The prevalence of tinnitus in individuals with TMD amounted to 2–59% and was reported as the main concomitant symptom. Several studies reported that tinnitus was eight times more common in TMD sufferers. Among patients with tinnitus, TMJ disorders were observed at a frequency of 19%, while in the group presenting with a high severity of the condition, TMJ disorders were observed more frequently (36%). Based on this review, in order to facilitate the diagnosis and future treatment of tinnitus and TMD patients, a proposal for a multidisciplinary diagnostic algorithm is presented in the article. The cooperation of an otolaryngologist, audiologist, neurologist, psychiatrist, dentist, and physiotherapist may be considered in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article shows 2 cases of unusual presentation of acute acoustic trauma and blast injury due to occupational exposure. In the case of both patients the range of impaired frequencies in pure tone audiograms was atypical for this kind of causative factor. Both patients had symmetrical hearing before the accident (which was confirmed by provided results of hearing controls during their employment). A history of noise/blast exposure, the onset of symptoms directly after harmful exposure, symmetrical hearing before the trauma documented with audiograms, directed initial diagnosis towards acoustic/blast trauma, however, of atypical course. Acute acoustic and blast trauma and coexisting acoustic neuroma (AN) contributed to, and mutually modified, the course of sudden hearing loss. In the literature there are some reports pointing to a higher sensitivity to acoustic trauma in the case of patients with AN and, on the other hand, indicating noise as one of the causative factors in AN. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2018;31(3):361-369. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. About 10-20% of the adult population suffers from tinnitus, and its frequency among children is probably the same. Since its etiology is unclear, no satisfactory method for causal treatment of tinnitus is yet available. Aim. Evaluate the effectiveness of betahistine in tinnitus treatment in patients with sensorineural hearing loss, compared with the treatment of those patients by electrical stimulation of the hearing organ combined with cervical kinesitherapy. Material and methods. Group I of 40 patients was treated with betahistine (2x24 mg) for 120 days, and group II (reference) of 40 patients received electrical stimulation and kinesitherapy. The latter treatment involved fifteen electrical stimulations administered 3 or 4 times a week (the whole treatment lasted approximately 30 days). Results of the treatments were assessed in both groups for the same periods of time from regression or changed character of tinnitus and results of a questionnaire survey compiled from the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, with the criterion set at minimum 20% change of the score. Results. The proportion of ears with permanent tinnitus decreased significantly in both groups: by 34% in the group treated with betahistine and by 36% in the group with electrical stimulations. However, the complete elimination of tinnitus was significantly more frequent in the betahistine (22%) than in the reference group (8%). In the questionnaire evaluation of tinnitus annoyance, the improvement was seen in more than 50% of ears treated with betahistine, and only in 30% of ears receiving electrostimulation, immediately after therapy. Conclusions. Prolonged therapy with betahistine seems to be an effective method of treatment in some of tinnitus patients. Effects of betahistine treatment are better than the effects of electrostimulation combined with cervical kinesitherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Middle ear neoplasms occur rarely, especially those originating from ceruminal glands. Ceruminoma was described for the first time in 1976. Clinical symptoms depend on the size, expansion (the extent of damage done to the surrounding structures) and histological type of the tumour. Sometimes progressive conductive hearing loss is the only symptom of progressive, painless tumour development in the middle ear. The article describes the case of a 53 year old woman admitted to hospital due to 3 year-long, progressing hearing loss and tinnitus in the right ear. The right tympanic membrane was intact, matt, without the reflex, protruding in posterior and superior quadrants. Pure tone audiometry revealed conductive hearing loss. Computer tomography of temporal bones revealed a hyperdensive structure filling partially the right tympanic cavity. The patient was subjected to antromastoidectomy, anterior and posterior tympanotomy with removal of the tumour from the right tympanic cavity and epitympanic recess. Ceruminous adenoma was diagnosed from the results of histopathological examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

two acoustic neuroma patietns Material and methods PATIENT: 1 -a 31 years old female and patient2-a60yearsold male, admitted to ENT department with diagnosis of acute acoustic trauma (patient 1 - right ear, patient 2 - left ear). Directly after niose trauma they complained of a sudden unilateral deterioration in hearing. sensation of blocked ear,and sudden unilateral tinnitus. They had no tinnitus prior to acoustic trauma, no balance disorders. Both patients were professionally exposed to noise, having regularly their hearing checked. In both cases pure tone audiograms prior to acute acoustic trauma,were symetrical and showed no signs of acoustic trauma. On admission to hospital ENT examination revealed normal otoscopy bilaterally. The hearing threshold in pure tone audiograms revealed atypical niche in the ears with acoustic trauma. Patient 1- the right ear 0.25kHz-20dB, 1 kHz-20dB, 2kHz-25dB, 3kHz-50dB, 4kHz-30dB, 6kHz30, 8kHz-20dB. Patient 2- the left ear - 0.25kHz-35dB, 1kHz-80dB, 2kHz-70dB, 3kHz-50dB, 4kHz-60dB, 6kHz-75dB, 8kHz-70dB. In both patients in contralateral ear a typical niche for 6kHz was present. In both patients ABRs showed a pathological prolongation of the Vth wave latency in the ear with atypical acoustic trauma course. MRI imiging revealed PCA tumor on the right side in patient 1, and left side in patient 2. CONCLUSION: The presence of acoustic neuroma altered the course of acute acoustic trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of extra-cochlear electrical stimulation on hearing in normal-hearing and tinnitus subjects. MATERIALS and METHODS: Group I - 49 tinnitus patients (n - 71 tinnitus ears). Group II (control) - 21 healthy subjects without tinnitus (n - 41 ears). Electrical stimulation was performed with the use of hydrotransmissive method. The active electrode was immersed inside external ear canal filled with 0.9% saline solution. The passive electrode was placed on the forehead. Direct current (train of squared pulses) was applied via the active electrode. Different pulse train frequencies were used: 0.25, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 kHz. The protocol was first done for positive, then negative current polarisation. For each frequency of stimulation and current polarity, the current level was slowly raised until the subjects report an auditory perception. RESULTS: Auditory perceptions were produced at lower levels for negative currents compared to positive currents. Larger levels of currents were required to produce auditory perception when the frequency of pulse train was increased. A sound perception was present for both positive and negative stimulation in group I -- in 41ears (57.75%), in group II -- in 36 ears (87.80%). In group I it was mainly present for stimulating frequencies 0.25-2kHz, in group II -- in the whole stimulating range (0.25-8kHz). In group I larger current intensities were needed to evoke sound perception. CONCLUSION: Positive and negative non-invasive electrical stimulation of the ear can produce an auditory perception indicating excitation of the auditory system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Vertigo is one of the most frequent and disturbing sensations that the practicing otolaryngologist is called upon to treat. Vertigo is the illusory sensation of motion. True vertigo is caused by pathology in the peripheral end organ, the vestibular nerve, and the pathways that connect them in the brainstem and rarely, in the cortex., Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate hearing in people with vertigo according to the etiology of balance disorders. The study comprised 127 patients treated in our clinic between 1999 and 2004, 88 women and 39 men (254 ears) aged 24-90 years. The average age was 56., Methods: Hearing tests (pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, impedance audiometry, auditory brainstem responses, OAE) as well as vestibular function tests (electronystagmography, rotational chair tests, caloric tests) were performed. In order to evaluate the nature of vertigo radiological diagnostics (head and cervical computer tomography, vascular diagnostics using Doppler sonography) was performed., Results: Audiometric testing showed impaired hearing in 71 of 127 subjects. Among 73 patients with vertigo of vascular origin caused by vertebrae-basilar insufficiency, bilateral cochlear lesion was noticed in 33 cases and unilateral in 9. In 8 patients with cervical ankylosing spondylitis 3 had cochlear hearing loss (1--unilateral, 2--bilateral)., Conclusions: In our group of patients with vertigo in the most of cases the hearing loss was on cochlear origin.

Introduction: Firearms are a common source of impulse noise that may be very harmful to the auditory organ. Impulse noise from weapons and explosions continually produces hearing damage among military personnel. The discovery of otoacoustic emission (OAE) has given a new possibility of early diagnosis of noise induced hearing loss. The transiently evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) are non-invasive, objective and frequency specific audiometric tests for evaluating outer hair cell function. The aim of the study was to asses the effects of exposure to impulse noise on DPOAE after one year of the obligatory military service., Material and Methods: The study comprised 92 (184 ears) soldiers, subjected to impulse noise during military service. The examine group was divided according total noise exposure. The control group consisted of secondary school students not exposed to noise. DPOAE was recorded before and after one year of military service., Results: After military service significant deterioration of DPOAE level was observed at frequencies of 1, 3, and 4 kHz on the right ear and 2, 5 and 6 kHz left one., Conclusions: 1. Reduction of DPOAE amplitude connected all frequencies. 2. We did not notice significant differences between groups connected total noise exposure.

Unlabelled: Impulse noise from weapons and explosions produces hearing damage among military service. The discovery of otoacoustic emissions (OAE) has given a new possibility of early diagnosis of noise induced hearing loss. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of exposure to impulse noise on TEOAE, SNR and PTA., Material and Methods: the study comprised 92 (184 ears, aged 18.5-20 years) soldiers, subjected to impulse noise during one year of military service. The soldiers were divided in to three groups according exposure to noise. Group I the highest exposure 2222, 9 kPa2/s, group II--611, 8 kPa2/s and group III--103-109 kPa2/s. The control group consisted of 60 (120 ears) secondary school students. Hearing evaluation was performed before and after one year of military service, using extended pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, TEOAE and SNR., Results: after military service significant deterioration of hearing was observed on average 1-2 dB for 0.125-3 kHz and 4-6 dB for 4-12 kHz for all examined soldiers without differences between groups. TEOAE reductions were registered predominantly at frequencies of 3 and 4 kHz, for both ears and SNR mean values reduction for the frequencies of 2, 3 and 4 kHz., Conclusions: TEOAE especially in cases where clinical audiometry is less sensitive can monitor small changes in the cochlea. There were no differences between groups and ears.