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This article explores the political persecution unleashed during the post-war period by McCarthyism, which led to the systematic accusation and harassment of American citizens for their leftist beliefs or Communist Party affiliations. This campaign of rumors and denunciations was particularly aggressive against film industry professionals, notably the Hollywood Ten. The emotional climate of the era was charged with fear and anger, emotions that were vividly manifested in the experiences of those targeted. By analyzing the correspondence and screenwriting of Dalton Trumbo, including his work on films like Papillon, this article examines the impact of this persecution and the strategies Trumbo used to confront the U.S. government, survive the blacklist, and sustain his career. It traces his journey from self-exile in Mexico, writing under pseudonyms, and using front names, to his eventual return and recognition in Hollywood. This analysis highlights the importance of constructing a cultural history that captures the collective emotional experiences of communities affected by such events, and it shows how Trumbo’s personal ordeals influenced the dialogues and narratives of the films he contributed to. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: The study has two main aims: (1) to analyze and validate the factor structure of the Fear of COVID-19, Workplace health and safety training, and Behavioral Safety Compliance scales (Study 1) in frontline Spanish COVID-19 workers from different sectors (food sector, hospitals, and death care services); and (2) to analyze and validate the factor structure of a reduced version of these scales (Study 2) in Spanish workers in the healthcare sector. Method: Analyses carried out using R 1.4.2. allowed us to validate the factor structure of the scales in the two studies. The sample consisted of 361 participants in study 1; and 708 participants in study 2. Results: The results indicate that the instruments offer adequate evidence of reliability and validity. Conclusions: The questionnaire (especially the short version) can be used by employees who were in frontline of COVID-19 in a reliable and valid way in the post-COVID-19 period, and even to prevent potential similar events that might threaten professionals' physical and mental health in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of eHumanista is the property of Professor Antonio Cortijo-Ocana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El problema que se aborda en este artículo, desde la teoría de Hartmut Rosa, es cómo la lógica relacional del sujeto tardomoderno de estabilización dinámica, que se caracteriza por un aumento constante a niveles económico, tecnológico y de innovación, ha llevado a que la relación con el mundo se busque en el dominio y apropiación para su utilización y control, lo que ha implicado una vida acelerada y alienada donde el sujeto, ante la imposibilidad de continuar en la “carrera por la vida”, se siente responsable, desencadenando una psicocrisis desde la culpa, el miedo y la angustia. En este sentido, la resonancia del perdón es la posibilidad de una existencia exculpada y, por tanto, sin miedo a la mirada del otro, ya que no se ve en ella una amenaza que incremente la culpa, sino un espacio que posibilita un mundo seguro y amable. El objetivo del artículo es ahondar en la teoría crítica de Hartmut Rosa, para plantear que la resonancia no solo es un concepto diagnóstico, sino que es un ejercicio terapéutico, concretamente, la resonancia del perdón como posibilitadora de un espacio de encuentro. Respecto a este eje conceptual, desde una metodología hermenéutico-crítica, se concluye que la resonancia del perdón se encuentra en el cristianismo como posibilidad de vinculación con el mundo. Por lo tanto, la principal conclusión apunta a proponer desde el perdón la posibilidad de reconstruir el tiempo y el espacio del encuentro, pues esto permite que el mundo (lo relacional) hable de nuevo.

Los sistemas de control y las tecnologías audiovisuales mantienen una alianza bilateral que permite la estructuración de un discurso social fundamentado en el miedo. Si el terrible acontecimiento real que deja soliviantada a la población siempre ha sido un recurso clave para la explotación comercial cinematográfica, igualmente las estrategias fílmicas operan como modelo imaginario para la recreación del suceso real. El relato social se construye bajo la constante amenaza del otro que induce a un sentimiento de terror colectivo cuidadosamente administrado por el poder político y los medios de comunicación. El cine ha participado –y sigue participando– en este proceso de escenificación de lo real; no obstante, advierte también del peligro inherente a su condición mediática.

Antecedentes: la regulación emocional cognitiva tiene un gran impacto en la adaptación de los infantes al entorno, motivo por lo que es primordial su estudio. Las estrategias de regulación emocional desadaptativas pueden llegar a impedir que las personas alcancen las metas; mientras que las adaptativas apoyan de manera efectiva las demandas del entorno, tal como las situaciones que les provocan miedo a los niños y niñas, así como la intensidad del enojo. Objetivo: identificar las posibles relaciones entre el miedo, el enojo y las estrategias de regulación emocional cognitiva consideradas desadaptativas en niños y niñas de 6 a 12 años después de la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: se utilizó un muestreo no probabilístico, la muestra fue de 300 infantes entre 6 y 12 años del Estado de Guanajuato. Resultados: se encontraron correlaciones altas y positivas entre las estrategias de reevaluación positiva y control del enojo (r = .47**), rumiación y miedo a la violencia (r = .43**), rumiación y miedo a la muerte (r = .41**), reenfocarse en los planes y control del enojo (r =.38**), autoculpa y temperamento (r = .35**), y autoculpa y enojo externo (r = .34**); y correlaciones altas y negativas entre reevaluación positiva y enojo externo (r = -.41**). Conclusión: es necesario llevar a cabo acciones de intervención con la finalidad de capacitar a los infantes en la utilización de una mayor variedad de estrategias de regulación emocional cognitiva, ya que ante el miedo utilizan más estrategias desadaptativas, siendo la rumiación la que se relaciona cuando se encuentran ante dichas situaciones, seguida de la autoculpa y, en menor medida, culpar a otros; estrategias adaptativas como reenfocarse en los planes y la reevaluación positiva son poco utilizadas.

This article is based on research carried out on the relationship between politics and emotions in the Catalan pro-independence movement. It proposes to situate emotions as an essential field of study in relation to contemporary politics and delve into the emotional valence of politics and the political valence of emotions to identify which emotions are most frequently activated in this movement. Emotions are not seen as negative or positive, or more or less political, but as ambivalent, politically productive, and as a complex assemblage. Research shows how emotions do not appear in isolation but in relation; their relationships change depending on the militancy, the political moment, the personal moment and age. Gender has little effect on the activation and configuration of emotions, according to the data. In relation to the Catalan independence process, the most relevant emotions according to the informants are fear and, far behind, anger, pride, shame, happiness and illusion. Among the multiple existing possibilities, a rather limited repertoire of emotions is mobilized, the maximum activation of which occurs in relation to specific moments identified as key moments by the informants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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El objetivo de la investigación fue comprender la movilización socioambiental popular y étnica, para lo cual se partió del sustrato emocional de las resistencias y del lugar de las emociones en las identidades de las movilizaciones de líderes del norte del Cauca y sur del Valle del Cauca. El análisis fue hermenéutico. La narrativa utilizada se interpretó con los siguientes atributos, “Yo sintiente”, “Otro generalizado” y “Nosotros”, construidos desde el interaccionismo simbólico a partir de las dimensiones tiempo, territorio, fuerza narrativa. Se concluye que la rabia histórica contrasta con el miedo a las amenazas de las comunidades y se convierte en el motor de las luchas. Además, la alegría debe ser el resultado de reconocer lo que los identifica, así como examinar lo que históricamente les ha causado dolor. La felicidad no es la del opresor, sino de quien lucha por la libertad en pluralidad.

Este escrito es un acercamiento al discurso del miedo en la práctica pedagógica de una profesora colombiana, comprendiéndolo como un mecanismo de control y regulador social transmitido por las redes sociales y los medios de comunicación; el objetivo es identificar los discursos del miedo expresados por estos y su incidencia en la práctica pedagógica desde el análisis de una situación dada en una actividad escolar del tema de los falsos positivos. El cual es producto del rastreo de antecedentes investigativos de la tesis en construcción denominada, sujetos maestros en instituciones públicas de Cali y Palmira: sus prácticas pedagógicas en contexto del miedo político colombiano durante el 2019 y 2021. Para su estructuración primero, se parte de la discusión teórica y conceptual alrededor de la sociedad moderna, el miedo, los medios de comunicación y la educación; segundo, el análisis de una noticia de un taller sobre falsos positivos de una docente de Ciencias Sociales del sector público de Colombia; finalizando, se concluye de forma reflexiva en torno a la importancia del maestro para reconocer los discursos ideológicos y de miedo en los medios de comunicación y en el aula de clase.

En este artículo se realiza un análisis de las manifestaciones de miedo individual y colectivo y se sostiene que la presencia de los insurgentes de Chile y del Río de la Plata en el norte del virreinato peruano generó un contexto de incertidumbre y temor a una posible incursión armada en la ciudad de Trujillo que le permitió a la élite criolla comenzar a cuestionar su lealtad al rey y buscar otras alternativas de gobierno. A partir de 1811, con el envío de un oficio de Castelli al cabildo y la noticia del ingreso de prisioneros insurgentes del Cusco en 1815, comenzaron las primeras manifestaciones de miedo social de sus integrantes. En 1816, con la expedición de Brown al virreinato, experimentaron por primera vez el temor a una amenaza real. El punto de quiebre fue, sin embargo, con Cochrane cuando asalta el puerto de Santa en 1819 y, finalmente, con la presencia de San Martín al norte de Lima en 1820. En este estudio se aborda al miedo, considerándolo como uno de los factores que permite comprender la decisión por la independencia, pero desde la dimensión de las emociones humanas frente al peligro de la subversión del orden establecido.

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In light of Pope Francis’ Encyclical Laudato Si’ I will defend the necessity and urgency of implementing an ecoculture in such a way that it is possible to live the present and look to the future beyond the fear of destruction. The happy dream for the human family, as described in Laudato Si’, will mean breaking free from the chains of the paradigm of fear, where having takes precedence over being and, consequently, leads to the agony of the whole Creation in a spiral of survival, where the fullness of life has no place. Ecoculture will make possible a sobriety that is able, without despair or fatalism, to develop an action of compassion for Creation - a compassion in which the human being understands himself as an integral part of Creation, suffering with it whenever destruction is victorious. In an ecoculture, human beings reassume their original role in Creation, abandoning all ambitions and attempts at superiority, but rather seeking the common good of Creation, in which technical progress, policies, and social relations are allies in safeguarding the common home and never sacrificers of integral ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children often perceive hospitalization and surgery as threatening events that can lead to feelings of anxiety and fear. These feelings may affect their behaviors. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of an educational video in reducing anxiety and fear before outpatient surgery. Methodology: A randomized controlled study was conducted with 60 children (6 - 14 years old) undergoing outpatient surgery. The intervention group watched an educational video during the preoperative period, while the control group received standard preoperative care. The effectiveness of the video was measured using the Children's Anxiety Meter-State scale, and fear was measured using the Children's Fear Scale. Results: No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between the intervention group that watched the video and the control group that received standard preoperative care. Conclusion: An accurate assessment of whether the costs of this intervention outweigh the benefits is essential. Further research is recommended, particularly in adapting other programs that have proven more effective in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maladaptive trauma appraisal plays an important role in the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). While studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of exposure and cognitive treatments for PTSD symptomatology, the effect of such treatments on specific trauma appraisals is still not well understood. Objective: The study investigated the effect of an exposure and a cognitive restructuring internet-based treatment on specific trauma appraisals in Arabic-speaking participants with PTSD. Method: 334 participants received either an exposure (n = 167) or a cognitive restructuring (n = 167) internet-based treatment. PTSD symptom severity (PCL-5) and specific trauma appraisals (TAQ) were assessed at pre- and post-treatment. Changes in specific trauma appraisals within and between the two treatments were analyzed using multi-group change modelling. Associations between changes in PTSD symptom severity and changes in trauma appraisals were evaluated using Pearson product-moment correlation. For both treatments, participants with versus without reliable improvement were compared regarding changes in specific trauma appraisals using Welch tests. Analyses were performed on 100 multiple imputed datasets. Results: Both treatments yielded significant changes in shame, self-blame, fear, anger, and alienation (all ps < .001). Changes in betrayal were only significant in the cognitive restructuring treatment (p < .001). There was no evidence of differences between treatments for any specific trauma appraisal. Changes in PTSD symptom severity were significantly associated with changes in trauma appraisals (all ps < .001). In both treatments, participants who experienced reliable improvement in PTSD symptom severity showed significantly larger pre- to post-treatment changes in specific trauma appraisals compared to those without reliable improvement. Again, differences in betrayal were only significant in the cognitive restructuring treatment. Conclusions: The findings indicate that both treatments are effective in reducing trauma appraisals in Arabic-speaking people with PTSD. Changes in trauma appraisal seem to be associated with changes in PTSD symptomatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article investigates the different fears that could have been triggered in Argentinas population in relation to the pandemic and confinement by COVID-19. It is taken into account that the aforementioned situation was an event of great magnitude and potentially traumatic that, although it is currently controlled, the appearance of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is presumed feasible (WHO, 2021). Therefore, it is considered important to explore the main fears of the population then, which would provide an overview of the Argentines experience of such event. Two years after the declaration of the pandemic, a survey was distributed with an inventory of fears in pandemic and seclusion. The research yielded expected results since the greatest fears were the death of oneself and loved ones and with socio-demographic differences, which implies that currently it is necessary to consider structuring a primary and secondary prevention plan in relation to PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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La historia conceptual de Koselleck es un instrumento al servicio de una teoría de la historia que busca desarrollar categorías que hagan inteligible por qué acontecen y cómo pueden cumplimentarse las historias. Estas categorías se desprenden del análisis existencial de Heidegger cuya determinación antitética fundamental delinea el horizonte de temporalidad e historicidad. El artículo propone una reflexión genealógica en torno a la voz emoción en tanto concepto antropológico fundamental del lenguaje científico moderno. Con ello, perseguimos el objetivo de ampliar la oferta de categorías que definen nuestras experiencias de finitud; es decir, proponemos incorporar el fenómeno afectivo como fundamento antropológico básico y, de este modo, desarrollar el par dicotómico de miedo y esperanza en tanto categorías metahistóricas cuya fluctuación moviliza tensiones, conflictos y fracturas que revelan la estructura temporal de la existencia.

El mecanismo del fatalismo ha tomado importancia en las sociedades occidentales, en tanto la cultura del miedo y la sociedad del riesgo consiguen que las amenazas se perciban como omnipresentes. Este mecanismo pretende mostrar un contexto que se caracteriza por el peligro, la incertidumbre, la inseguridad y el miedo, lo cual da una visión del mundo oscura, terrorífica y pesimista, algo que podría ser beneficioso para algunos actores sociales. Ante esto, el presente trabajo aporta una propuesta metodológica que tiene como base el análisis crítico del discurso y de los aspectos activadores del fatalismo. Así, se pretende determinar si un discurso tiene la intencionalidad de crear/reflejar esa atmósfera marcada por el miedo y cómo el componente escrito/ hablado, así como el componente sonoro y el visual operan para construir dicha atmósfera. Para ello, se realiza una explicación acerca de la hoja de análisis creada, así como de su aplicabilidad a un caso de estudio centrado en el discurso sobre la inmigración del partido político Vox en YouTube. Algunas de las conclusiones que se han obtenido son el uso de la incertidumbre y la incontrolabilidad como ejes del fatalismo, así como el posicionamiento maniqueo que deriva del uso de la estrategia del salvador.

Desde un punto de vista interdisciplinar, esta investigación explora la forma en que la palabra miedo funciona en la novela de Miguel Ángel Oeste Vengo de ese miedo (2022). A partir de este análisis, el trabajo pretende dar cuenta de la problemática de la identidad y la búsqueda del sentido del ser humano en el mundo contemporáneo, esclarecer la importancia del cuerpo y las emociones en la sociedad posmoderna y arrojar más luz sobre una de las tendencias más importantes de la literatura actual, como es la autoficción.

Este artículo es una revisión del paradigma de violencia contenido en el art. 14 § 1 de las Reglas de procedimiento del motu proprio Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus, a partir de los desarrollos que de aquella ofrecen el Subsidio Aplicativo del Tribunal Apostólico de la Rota Romana y las aportaciones de la doctrina canónica. La cuestión es si el tipo de violencia jurídicamente relevante que se propone, esto es, exclusivamente física, habitual y grave, en cuanto indicio de nulidad matrimonial, responde o no a las dinámicas de perpetración y victimización que se registran antes y después de la celebración del matrimonio.

Objetivo: analizar la erupción del volcán Cosigüina en 1835 relacionando la historia del clima y el estudio de las emociones en el marco interdisciplinario de la historia ambiental, un ángulo pertinente para entrelazar las vivencias individuales y colectivas con el paisaje. Metodología: a la luz de perspectivas historiográficas recientes, se examinan cinco testimonios sobre la erupción y se otorgan elementos para ampliar el entendimiento histórico de las manifestaciones extremas de la naturaleza y las respuestas de las sociedades. Al mismo tiempo, se contextualiza el evento vulcanológico ocurrido en el estado de Nicaragua en el marco de la Pequeña Edad de Hielo y se presenta el entramado social del golfo de Fonseca donde se generaron los relatos. Originalidad: aunque el estallido del Cosigüina ha sido examinado por la vulcanología recurriendo a testimonios, el recuento de los acontecimientos no se ha problematizado desde la investigación histórica, a la que sumamos con este artículo que además incorpora un testimonio inédito. Conclusiones: estableciendo un diálogo entre las historias del clima y de las emociones, centrarse en el miedo y el asombro ante los fenómenos de la naturaleza permite una revaloración creativa en la historia ambiental.

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This article proposes, as an interpretative key to understand Machiavelli's political philosophy, a synthesis between the primacy of fear identified by Leo Strauss, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, following Claude Lefort, the priority of political conflict caused by humors. Having discussed the difficulties and the scope of the attempt to articulate Strauss' and Lefort's interpretations of Machiavelli, and having shown how the primacy of fear allows to articulate the internal tensions of the theory of humors, the combination of both is applied to the paradigmatic speech of Istorie fiorentine III 13, on the ciompi revolt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objetivo: Describir los factores que pueden determinar la reducción de los síntomas en el trastorno de ansiedad generalizada y trastorno por estrés postraumático, mediante estimulación magnética transcraneal en combinación con terapia de extinción. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos (Cochrane, EBSCO, Pubmed, Sciencedirect y Wiley), con las palabras clave “transcranial magnetic stimulation”, “human”, “fear extinction”. Los criterios de selección incluyen estudios en humanos, tratamientos con terapia de extinción y EMT, en donde se registre la conductancia de la piel como variable de respuesta. Resultados: Existe poca investigación que cumpla con los criterios de la presente revisión bibliográfica. Se obtuvieron 5 artículos enfocados en el tratamiento de síntomas como el miedo y la recurrencia de recuerdos traumáticos. Los protocolos de estimulación son heterogéneos, la frecuencia de estimulación va de 1 Hz a 30 Hz. La estimulación de alta frecuencia fue la más utilizada. La duración máxima de los efectos reportados fue de 1 mes. Conclusiones: La EMT junto con la terapia de extinción como tratamiento para TEPT y TAG es un campo de estudio que requiere de más investigación. Los resultados sobre su eficacia no son concluyentes, el tamaño de muestra es pequeño y es necesario identificar qué protocolos son eficaces a largo plazo. Los estudios clínicos con pacientes que presenten estos trastornos son relevantes para conocer los efectos de aquellos protocolos que han sido exitosos en pacientes sanos (condicionados al miedo).

Este artículo argumenta que entre el conjunto de emociones del paisaje político que Maquiavelo pinta a sus lectores, el miedo no sólo es la más prominente, sino la más vinculada con la virtù, el concepto central de la política maquiaveliana. Partiendo del análisis de la concepción revolucionaria que tiene el escritor florentino sobre la virtù y siguiendo el trabajo de Pedullà, se presenta una clasificación bipartita de los usos del miedo en la obra de Maquiavelo: un uso virtuoso, conducente al éxito político, y otro que conduce a la ruina. A través de una selección de pasajes de El príncipe y los Discursos sobre la primera década de Tito Livio, se rastrean los principales ejemplos de esta ambivalencia y se muestra cómo la capacidad para inspirar y sentir esta emoción está ligada a varios de los consejos más importantes de la obra del florentino.

The COVID19 pandemic and the implemented measures have generated fear, stress, depression and anxiety worldwide. To measure these effects on mental health, useful scales have been developed for research and to measure the effectiveness of interventions. The Coronavirus Fears Scale [Escala de Miedos al Coronavirus, EMC] was created and validated originally in the Spanish population, showing adequate psychometric properties. The aim of the present research was to examine the factorial structure and internal consistency of the EMC in Colombia. Based on a sample of 151 participants three factors with an eigenvalue > 1 were identified which explained 64 % of the variance. In conclusion, the EMC with 18 items possesses adequate psychometric properties in working adults, both in terms of its factorial structure and reliability, and can be useful to identify COVID19related fears in this kind of population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has generated consequences for the mental health of people, affecting their well-being. Regardless of the culture and context where people find themselves and depending on their individual situation and vulnerability, some may use certain adaptive psychological resources such as patience or inappropriate ones such as fear and aggression when faced with a non-normative event that generates stress such as a pandemic is, even going so far as to alter the perception of psychological well-being and affect health, Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of patience, fear of contracting COVID-19, and stress on psychological well-being and reactive aggression, in the general Latin American population. Method: 1,138 adults participated, 759 women and 379 men from Mexico, Colombia, Peru, and Chile, who answered the Brief Scale of Patience, the Stress Scale, the Scale on fear of contracting COVID-19, the Scale of Psychological Well-being, and the Aggression Scale. Results: Structural equation modeling was used. A large effect size was found in the explained variance of psychological well-being in the four samples, and a large effect size was found in the explained variance of reactive aggression in Colombia, Peru, and Chile, and a medium effect in Mexico. Conclusion: adaptive variables cushion the adverse effects of the uncertainty caused by a pandemic. It is recommended to use this knowledge to generate strategies that increase psychological well-being and reduce reactive aggression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Paralelo a las transformaciones políticas y culturales a nivel mundial en los años veinte, se inició en Colombia, en este mismo decenio, un ambiente de polarización política, la cual tuvo un nuevo ingrediente en la renovada disputa entre los partidos tradicionales: el pánico rojo. El pánico rojo fue una estrategia de permanente campaña de desinformación que los diarios locales y nacionales llevaron a cabo con claros intereses políticos. El propósito de este artículo es analizar este temor al comunismo en el contexto de la confrontación política en las décadas de 1930-1940 en Santander: Esto permitirá reconocer qué grupos, y desde qué publicaciones periódicas, se asumieron como grupos de izquierda. Además, se busca identificar quiénes fueron tachados de comunistas y cómo se utilizó esta arma discursiva a partir del miedo, para polarizar aún más la política y exacerbar la violencia. Para llevar a cabo este análisis, se examinarán tres publicaciones periódicas de diferentes espectros políticos: "El Deber", "Vanguardia Liberal" y "Tribuna Liberal". Se prestará especial atención al uso cambiante que estos diarios hicieron del anticomunismo en diferentes coyunturas políticas.