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Background: Understanding patterns of peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) and brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) is essential to preventing and appropriately managing nerve injuries. We sought to assess the incidence, cause, and severity of PNIs and BPIs sustained by patients with trauma. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the Trauma Registry Database (January 2002 to December 2020) to identify patients with PNIs or BPIs. Results: We evaluated data from 24 905 patients with trauma; 335 (1.3%) sustained PNIs (81% male; mean age 36 yr, standard deviation [SD] 16 yr) and 64 (0.3%) sustained BPIs (84% male; mean age 35, SD 15 yr). Nerves in the upper extremities were more commonly affected than those in the lower extremities. Sharp injuries (39.4%) and motorcycle accidents (32.8%) were the most frequent causes of PNIs and BPIs, respectively. Other common causes of PNI were motor vehicle collisions (16.7%) and gunshot wounds (12.8%). Many patients with PNIs (69.0%) and BPIs (53%) underwent operative management. The most frequent reconstruction for PNI was primary nerve repair (66%), while nerve transfers (48%) were more frequently used for BPI. Conclusion: Nerve injuries in the trauma population have decreased over the last 3 decades with shifts in mechanisms of injury and use of imaging, electrodiagnostic tests, and surgery. Nerve injuries are often complex and time-sensitive to treat; understanding changes in trends is important to ensure optimal patient management. Contexte : Il est essentiel de comprendre le m canisme de survenue des l sions des nerfs p riph riques (LNP) et du plexus brachial (LPB) pour les pr venir et les traiter ad quatement. Nous avons voulu valuer l'incidence, la cause et la gravit des LNP et des LPB, chez des patient(e)s polytraumatis (e)s. M thodes : Nous avons proc d une revue r trospective de la base de donn es du Registre de traumatologie (janvier 2002 d cembre 2020) pour recenser les cas de LNP et de LPB. R sultats : Nous avons examin les donn es de 24 905 patient(e)s polytraumatis (e)s; 335 (1,3%) avaient subi des LNP (81% de sexe masculin; ge moyen 36 ans, carttype [ .-T.] 16 ans) et 64 (0,3%), des LPB (84% de sexe masculin; ge moyen 35 ans, .-T. 15 ans). Les nerfs des membres sup rieurs taient atteints plus souvent que les nerfs des membres inf rieurs. Les blessures caus es par un objet tranchant (39,4%) et les accidents de motocyclette (32,8%) ont t le plus souvent l'origine des LNP et des LPB, respectivement. Les autres causes fr quentes de LNP taient les accidents de la route (16,7%) et les blessures par balle (12,8%). De nombreux cas de LNP (69,0%) et de LPB (53%) ont t trait s chirurgicalement. La reconstruction la plus utilis e pour les LNP a t la r paration primaire (66%), tandis que le transfert nerveux (48%) a davantage t utilis pour les LPB. Conclusion : Le nombre de l sions nerveuses observ es en traumatologie a diminu depuis une trentaine d'ann es et leurs m canismes de survenue, le recours l'imagerie, les tests lectrodiagnostiques, et les techniques chirurgicales ont volu . Les l sions nerveuses sont souvent complexes et leur traitement est urgent; il est important de comprendre l' volution des tendances pour assurer leur prise en charge optimale., Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) may result in activity loss, pain, depression, disability, and reduced quality of life. (1-3) Most brachial plexus injuries (BPIs) affect young people and create a financial [...]

Byline: Daniel. Umansky, Rajiv. MidhaThe pain of the mind is worse than the pain of the body. Publilius Syrus.Socolovsky and colleagues et al .,[1] have beautifully summarized the current status [...]

Byline: Sudheesh. Ramachandran, Rajiv. MidhaPeripheral nerve injuries are extremely devastating, and their management is exceedingly complex. Microsurgical repair is the mainstay of treatment and this includes direct nerve repair, nerve [...]

Introduction/Aims: We have recently isolated and expanded skin‐derived Schwann cells (Sk‐SCs) from human skin and showed that they are largely similar to nerve‐derived Schwann cells (N‐SCs). Here, we extend our investigation into functional assessments of the nude rats that received human Sk‐SCs and N‐SCs after intraneural delivery into crushed and decellularized tibial nerve in adult nude rats. Methods: Sk‐SCs, N‐SCs, dermal fibroblasts, or control culture medium was injected into the crushed and decellularized tibial nerve using in situ repeated freeze‐thaw cycles. Animals were then subjected to a ladder rung walking test, nociceptive von Frey testing, and walking gait analysis weekly. Animals were euthanized 6 weeks after surgery, gastrocnemius and soleus muscles were weighed, distal nerves were harvested, and whole semithin cross‐sections were analyzed using segmentation software. Results: N‐SC–injected and dermal fibroblast–injected animals improved significantly at 4 to 6 weeks postinjury in nociceptive assessment compared with medium‐injected controls. Sk‐SCs recovered more rapidly in tibial functional index at 2 weeks postinjury compared with medium‐injected controls. No significant difference was observed for the ladder rung walking test or muscle weight ratio. Histologically, the number of myelinated axons was significantly higher in all cell injection groups compared with medium‐injected controls. No significant difference was observed in g ratio, axon diameter, or myelin thickness. Discussion: Cell injection significantly improved axon regeneration across an in situ decellularized nerve segment. However, a more human cell–permissive animal model is required to delineate functional differences between cell types for preclinical transplantation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]