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1. Microsoft Research at TREC 2009. Web and Relevance Feedback Tracks

Author

MICROSOFT RESEARCH REDMOND WA, Craswell, Nick, Fetterly, Dennis, Najork, Marc, Robertson, Stephen, Yilmaz, Emine, MICROSOFT RESEARCH REDMOND WA, Craswell, Nick, Fetterly, Dennis, Najork, Marc, Robertson, Stephen, and Yilmaz, Emine

Abstract

We took part in the Web and Relevance Feedback tracks, using the ClueWeb09 corpus. To process the corpus, we developed a parallel processing pipeline which avoids the generation of an inverted file. We describe the components of the parallel architecture and the pipeline and how we ran the TREC experiments, and we present effectiveness results., Presented at the Text REtrieval Conference (TREC 2009, 18th) held in Gaithersburg, Maryland on 17-20 November 2009. Published in the Proceedings of the Text REtrieval Conference (TREC 2009, 18th), 2009. The conference was co-sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and the Advanced Research and Development Activity (ARDA). The original document contains color images.

Published
2009

2. Empirical Properties of Multilingual Phone-To-Word Transduction

Author

MICROSOFT RESEARCH REDMOND WA, Zweig, Geoffrey, Nedel, Jon, MICROSOFT RESEARCH REDMOND WA, Zweig, Geoffrey, and Nedel, Jon

Abstract

This paper explores the error-robustness of phone-to-word transduction across a variety of languages. We implement a noisy channel model in which a phonetic input stream is corrupted by an error model, and then transduced back to words using the inverse error model and linguistic constraints. By controlling the error level, we are able to measure the sensitivity of different languages to degradation in the phonetic input stream. This analysis is carried further to measure the importance of each phone in each language individually. We study Arabic, Chinese, English, German and Spanish, and find that they behave similarly in this paradigm: in each case, a phone error produces about 1.4 word errors, and frequently incorrect phones matter slightly less than others. In the absence of phone errors, transduced word errors are still present, and we use the conditional entropy of words given phones to explain the observed behavior., See also ADM002091. Presented at the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2008) held in Las Vegas, Nevada on March 30-April 4, 2008. Published in the Proceedidngs of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP 2008) p4445-4448, 2008.

Published
2008

3. Lessons from the pandemic: Responding to emerging zoonotic viral diseases-a Keystone Symposia report

Author

Jennifer Cable, Anthony Fauci, William E. Dowling, Stephan Günther, Dennis A. Bente, Pragya Dhruv Yadav, Lawrence C. Madoff, Lin‐Fa Wang, Rahul K. Arora, Maria Van Kerkhove, May C. Chu, Thomas Jaenisch, Jonathan H. Epstein, Simon David William Frost, Daniel G. Bausch, Lisa E. Hensley, Éric Bergeron, Ioannis Sitaras, Michael D. Gunn, Thomas W. Geisbert, César Muñoz‐Fontela, Florian Krammer, Emmie de Wit, Pontus Nordenfelt, Erica Ollmann Saphire, Sarah C. Gilbert, Kizzmekia S. Corbett, Luis M. Branco, Sylvain Baize, Neeltje van Doremalen, Marco A. Krieger, Sue Ann Costa Clemens, Renske Hesselink, Dan Hartman, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases [Bethesda] (NIAID-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations [Oslo] (CEPI), Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine - Bernhard-Nocht-Institut für Tropenmedizin [Hamburg, Germany] (BNITM), University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), National Institute of Virology - National Influenza Center [Pune, India] (NIV), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Duke-NUS Medical School [Singapore], University of Calgary, University of Oxford, Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), University of Colorado Anschutz [Aurora], EcoHealth Alliance [New York], Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), PREVAIL, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [Atlanta] (CDC), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Duke University [Durham], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), Lund University [Lund], La Jolla Institute for Immunology [La Jolla, CA, États-Unis], Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Zalgen Labs, Biologie des Infections Virales Émergentes - Biology of Emerging Viral Infections (UBIVE), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Fiocruz Paraná - Instituto Carlos Chagas / Carlos Chagas Institute [Curitiba, Brésil] (ICC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [Seattle], R.K.A. and M.V.K. presented work funded by the WHO Solidarity Response Fund and the German Federal Ministry of Health COVID-19 Research and Development. R.K.A. would also like to thank the following additional funders of SeroTracker's SARS-CoV-2 evidence synthesis efforts: the Public Health Agency of Canada through Canada's COVID-19 Immunity Task Force, the Robert Koch Institute, and the Canadian Medical Association Joule Innovation Fund. M.V.K. is employed by the WHO, and the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policies, or views of WHO. E.d.W. and N.v.D. are supported by the Intramural Research Program of NIAID, NIH.

Subjects
Ebola virus, History and Philosophy of Science, General Neuroscience, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], COVID-19, Nipah virus, vaccines, zoonotic diseases, infectious diseases, Lassa virus, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract

International audience; The COVID-19 pandemic caught the world largely unprepared, including scientific and policy communities. On April 10-13, 2022, researchers across academia, industry, government, and nonprofit organizations met at the Keystone symposium "Lessons from the Pandemic: Responding to Emerging Zoonotic Viral Diseases" to discuss the successes and challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and what lessons can be applied moving forward. Speakers focused on experiences not only from the COVID-19 pandemic but also from outbreaks of other pathogens, including the Ebola virus, Lassa virus, and Nipah virus. A general consensus was that investments made during the COVID-19 pandemic in infrastructure, collaborations, laboratory and manufacturing capacity, diagnostics, clinical trial networks, and regulatory enhancements-notably, in low-to-middle income countries-must be maintained and strengthened to enable quick, concerted responses to future threats, especially to zoonotic pathogens.

Published
2022

5. CHI'22: Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Author

Barbosa, Simone, Lampe, Cliff, Appert, Caroline, Shamma, David A., Drucker, Steven, Williamson, Julie, Yatani, Koji, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC), School of Information, University of Michigan, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Interacting with Large Data (ILDA), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toyota Research Institute, Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], University of Glasgow, and The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC]
Published
2022

7. A bound on the primes of bad reduction for CM curves of genus 3

Author

Kristin E. Lauter, Rachel Newton, Marco Streng, Pınar Kılıçer, Ekin Ozman, Elisa Lorenzo García, Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Cryptography group, Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.]-Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes ( IRMAR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -AGROCAMPUS OUEST-École normale supérieure - Rennes ( ENS Rennes ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Rennes 2 ( UR2 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Reading, RG66AX, Reading UK, Bogazici University [Istanbul], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), University of Reading (UOR), Boğaziçi University [Istanbul], 639.031.243, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg = Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (OFFIS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Boǧaziçi üniversitesi = Boğaziçi University [Istanbul], Universiteit Leiden, ANR-11-LABX-0020,LEBESGUE,Centre de Mathématiques Henri Lebesgue : fondements, interactions, applications et Formation(2011), and Algebra

Subjects
Reduction (recursion theory), General Mathematics, Mathematics::Number Theory, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, Algebraic geometry, 01 natural sciences, Prime (order theory), Combinatorics, [ MATH.MATH-NT ] Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT], Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, Mathematics::Algebraic Geometry, Genus (mathematics), FOS: Mathematics, Number Theory (math.NT), 0101 mathematics, Abelian group, Algebraic Geometry (math.AG), Mathematics, Mathematics - Number Theory, Applied Mathematics, 010102 general mathematics, 11G10, 11G15, 14H45, 14K22, 14J15, 14Q05, [MATH.MATH-NT]Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT], [ MATH.MATH-AG ] Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG], Elliptic curve, Finite field, Number theory, [MATH.MATH-AG]Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG]
Abstract

We give bounds on the primes of geometric bad reduction for curves of genus three of primitive CM type in terms of the CM orders. In the case of genus one, there are no primes of geometric bad reduction because CM elliptic curves are CM abelian varieties, which have potential good reduction everywhere. However, for genus at least two, the curve can have bad reduction at a prime although the Jacobian has good reduction. Goren and Lauter gave the first bound in the case of genus two. In the cases of hyperelliptic and Picard curves, our results imply bounds on primes appearing in the denominators of invariants and class polynomials, which are important for algorithmic construction of curves with given characteristic polynomials over finite fields., Comment: 16 pages, some minor updates, some typos are corrected

Published
2020

8. An Introduction to Mobile Data Visualization

Author

Petra Isenberg, Christopher Collins, Lonni Besançon, Tim Dwyer, Tobias Isenberg, Ricardo Langner, Christian Tominski, Bongshin Lee, Charles Perin, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Linköping University (LIU), University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), Monash University [Melbourne], Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), University of Rostock, CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), and CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Multimedia, Computer science, Mobile broadband, [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, computer.software_genre, computer, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Visualization
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

10. SteelCore: An Extensible Concurrent Separation Logic for Effectful Dependently Typed Programs

Author

Aseem Rastogi, Guido Martínez, Aymeric Fromherz, Denis Merigoux, Danel Ahman, Nikhil Swamy, Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Microsoft Research India [Bangalore], Microsoft Research, Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), Programming securely with cryptography (PROSECCO), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), University of Ljubljana, Centro Franco Argentino de Ciencias de la Información y de Sistemas [Rosario] (CIFASIS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Rosario [Santa Fe], Aymeric Fromherz’s and Denis Merigoux’s work was supported in part by internships at Microsoft Research. Aymeric Fromherz was also funded by the Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research under Grant no. N00014-18-1-2892. Denis Merigoux was also funded by ERC ConsolidatorGrant CIRCUS no. 683032. Danel Ahman’s work was supported in part by the Microsoft Research Visiting Researcher program. He has also received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 834146., Programming securely with cryptography (PROSECCO ), and Universidad Nacional de Rosario [Santa Fe]-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer science, Semantics (computer science), Separation Logic, Concurrency, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Separation logic, computer.software_genre, CONCURRENCY, 01 natural sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Denotation, SEPARATION LOGIC, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Concurrent computing, Program Proofs, PROGRAM PROOFS, Layer (object-oriented design), Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, [INFO.INFO-PL]Computer Science [cs]/Programming Languages [cs.PL], Computer Science - Programming Languages, Programming language, Proof assistant, 020207 software engineering, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.2 [https], Type theory, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, computer, Software, Programming Languages (cs.PL)
Abstract

Much recent research has been devoted to modeling effects within type theory. Building on this work, we observe that effectful type theories can provide a foundation on which to build semantics for more complex programming constructs and program logics, extending the reasoning principles that apply within the host effectful type theory itself. Concretely, our main contribution is a semantics for concurrent separation logic (CSL) within the F* proof assistant in a manner that enables dependently typed, effectful F* programs to make use of concurrency and to be specified and verified using a full-featured, extensible CSL. In contrast to prior approaches, we directly derive the partial-correctness Hoare rules for CSL from the denotation of computations in the effectful semantics of non-deterministically interleaved atomic actions. Demonstrating the flexibility of our semantics, we build generic, verified libraries that support various concurrency constructs, ranging from dynamically allocated, storable spin locks, to protocol-indexed channels. We conclude that our effectful semantics provides a simple yet expressive basis on which to layer domain-specific languages and logics for verified, concurrent programming., ICFP 2020 camera-ready version

Published
2021

11. Quantum hardness of learning shallow classical circuits

Author

Srinivasan Arunachalam, Alex B. Grilo, Aarthi Sundaram, IBM Watson Research Center, IBM, Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI), QuSoft, Microsoft Research [Redmond], and Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.]

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, [INFO.INFO-CC]Computer Science [cs]/Computational Complexity [cs.CC], Computer Science - Machine Learning, Uniform distribution (continuous), General Computer Science, General Mathematics, Probably approximately correct learning, FOS: Physical sciences, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Computational Complexity (cs.CC), 01 natural sciences, Machine Learning (cs.LG), [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Statistical physics, Quantum, Electronic circuit, Physics, Quantum Physics, Learnability, Computer Science - Computational Complexity, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

In this paper we study the quantum learnability of constant-depth classical circuits under the uniform distribution and in the distribution-independent framework of PAC learning. In order to attain our results, we establish connections between quantum learning and quantum-secure cryptosystems. We then achieve the following results. 1) Hardness of learning AC$^0$ and TC$^0$ under the uniform distribution. Our first result concerns the concept class TC$^0$ (resp. AC$^0$), the class of constant-depth and polynomial-sized circuits with unbounded fan-in majority gates (resp. AND, OR, NOT gates). We show that if there exists no quantum polynomial-time (resp. strong sub-exponential time) algorithm to solve the Ring Learning with Errors (RLWE) problem, then there exists no polynomial-time quantum learning algorithm for TC$^0$ (resp. AC$^0$) under the uniform distribution (even with access to quantum membership queries). The main technique in this result uses explicit pseudo-random functions that are believed to be quantum-secure to construct concept classes that are hard to learn quantumly under the uniform distribution. 2) Hardness of learning TC$^0_2$ in the PAC setting. Our second result shows that if there exists no quantum polynomial time algorithm for the LWE problem, then there exists no polynomial time quantum PAC learning algorithm for the class TC$^0_2$, i.e., depth-2 TC$^0$ circuits. The main technique in this result is to establish a connection between the quantum security of public-key cryptosystems and the learnability of a concept class that consists of decryption functions of the cryptosystem. This gives a strong (conditional) negative answer to one of the "Ten Semi-Grand Challenges for Quantum Computing Theory" raised by Aaronson [Aar05], who asked if AC$^0$ and TC$^0$ can be PAC-learned in quantum polynomial time., Comment: 43 pages. v2 fixes a mistake in the previous version of the paper and proves stronger results

Published
2021

12. Visualizing Ranges over Time on Mobile Phones: A Task-Based Crowdsourced Evaluation

Author

Petra Isenberg, Eun Kyoung Choe, Bongshin Lee, Matthew Brehmer, Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), University of Maryland [College Park], and University of Maryland System

Subjects
Computer science, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Crowdsourcing, Data visualization, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Mobile phones, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Evaluation, Range visualization, business.industry, Graphical perception, 020207 software engineering, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Visualization, Task (computing), Mobile phone, Signal Processing, Task analysis, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, Software
Abstract

International audience; In the first crowdsourced visualization experiment conducted exclusively on mobile phones, we compare approaches to visualizing ranges over time on small displays. People routinely consume such data via a mobile phone, from temperatures in weather forecasting apps to sleep and blood pressure readings in personal health apps. However, we lack guidance on how to effectively visualize ranges on small displays in the context of different value retrieval and comparison tasks, or with respect to different data characteristics such as periodicity, seasonality, or the cardinality of ranges. Central to our experiment is a comparison between two ways to lay out ranges: a more conventional linear layout strikes a balance between quantitative and chronological scale resolution, while a less conventional radial layout emphasizes the cyclicality of time and may prioritize discrimination between values at its periphery. With results from 87 crowd workers, we found that while participants completed tasks more quickly with linear layouts than with radial ones, there were few differences in terms of error rate between layout conditions. We also found that participants performed similarly with both layouts in tasks that involved comparing superimposed observed and average ranges.

Published
2019

13. 2021 Data Fusion Contest: Geospatial Artificial Intelligence for Social Good [Technical Committees]

Author

Naoto Yokoya, Colin Prieur, Pedram Ghamisi, Nebojsa Jojic, Ronny Hänsch, Hana Malha, Jocelyn Chanussot, Kolya Malkin, Caleb Robinson, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project [Tokyo] (RIKEN AIP), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Hewlett Packard Enterprise (Hewlett Packard) (HPE), GIPSA - Signal Images Physique (GIPSA-SIGMAPHY), GIPSA Pôle Sciences des Données (GIPSA-PSD), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab), Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Yale University [New Haven], Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], and ANR-19-P3IA-0003,MIAI,MIAI @ Grenoble Alpes(2019)

Subjects
Geospatial analysis, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, General Computer Science, Computer science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, Sensor fusion, CONTEST, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Data science, semantic segmentation, Data Fusion Contest, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, benchmarking, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, change detection, Instrumentation, computer, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The 2021 Data Fusion Contest, organized by the Image Analysis and Data Fusion Technical Committee (IADF TC) of the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS), promotes research on geospatial artificial intelligence (AI) for social good. The global objective is to build models for understanding the state of and changes in artificial and natural environments from remote sensing data toward sustainable development.

Published
2021

14. Bilateral Blue Noise Sampling: Additional Algorithms and Applications

Author

Ge, Xiaoyin, Wei, Li-Yi, Wang, Yusu, Wang, Huamin, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], and Wei, Li-Yi

Subjects
sampling, stippling, [INFO.INFO-GR] Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], feature, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], image, filtering, [INFO] Computer Science [cs], video, bilateral, blue noise, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR]
Abstract

Blue noise sampling is an important component in many graphics applications, but most of the prior techniques consider mainly the spatial positions of samples, making them less effective when handling features, such as image color and surface geometry. We apply the bilateral blue noise dart throwing method in [Chen et al. 2013] to graphics applications including image/video stippling and nonlinear filtering. We also propose a bilateral Lloyd relaxation method which works comparably with the kernel based bilateral relaxation method in [Chen et al. 2013].

Published
2020

15. Quantum learning algorithms imply circuit lower bounds

Author

Srinivasan Arunachalam, Alex B. Grilo, Tom Gur, Igor C. Oliveira, Aarthi Sundaram, IBM T. J. Watson Research Centre, Information Quantique [LIP6] (QI), LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Computer Science [Warwick], University of Warwick [Coventry], Microsoft Research [Redmond], and Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.]

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, [INFO.INFO-CC]Computer Science [cs]/Computational Complexity [cs.CC], Quantum Physics, Computer Science - Computational Complexity, Computer Science - Machine Learning, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], FOS: Physical sciences, Computational Complexity (cs.CC), QA, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Abstract

We establish the first general connection between the design of quantum algorithms and circuit lower bounds. Specifically, let C be a class of polynomial-size concepts, and suppose that C can be PAC-learned with membership queries under the uniform distribution with error 1/2−γ by a time T quantum algorithm. We prove that if γ2⋅T≪2n/n , then BQE⊄C , where BQE=BQTIME[2O(n)] is an exponential-time analogue of BQP . This result is optimal in both γ and T , since it is not hard to learn any class C of functions in (classical) time T=2n (with no error), or in quantum time T=poly(n) with error at most 1/2−Ω(2−n/2) via Fourier sampling. In other words, even a marginal quantum speedup over these generic learning algorithms would lead to major consequences in complexity lower bounds. As a consequence, our result shows that the study of quantum learning speedups is intimately connected to fundamental open problems about algorithms, quantum computing, and complexity theory. Our proof builds on several works in learning theory, pseudorandomness, and computational complexity, and on a connection between non-trivial classical learning algorithms and circuit lower bounds established by Oliveira and Santhanam (CCC 2017). Extending their approach to quantum learning algorithms turns out to create significant challenges, since extracting computational hardness from a quantum computation is inherently more complicated. To achieve that, we show among other results how pseudorandom generators imply learning-to-lower-bound connections in a generic fashion, construct the first conditional pseudorandom generator secure against uniform quantum computations, and extend the local list-decoding algorithm of Impagliazzo, Jaiswal, Kabanets and Wigderson (SICOMP 2010) to quantum circuits via a delic...

Published
2020

16. The GeoLifeCLEF 2020 Dataset

Author

Cole, Elijah, Deneu, Benjamin, Lorieul, Titouan, Servajean, Maximilien, Botella, Christophe, Morris, Dan, Jojic, Nebojsa, Bonnet, Pierre, Joly, Alexis, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Scientific Data Management (ZENITH), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), ADVanced Analytics for data SciencE (ADVANSE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, [INFO.INFO-MM]Computer Science [cs]/Multimedia [cs.MM], [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Machine Learning (stat.ML), [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Machine Learning (cs.LG), [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Statistics - Machine Learning, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Understanding the geographic distribution of species is a key concern in conservation. By pairing species occurrences with environmental features, researchers can model the relationship between an environment and the species which may be found there. To facilitate research in this area, we present the GeoLifeCLEF 2020 dataset, which consists of 1.9 million species observations paired with high-resolution remote sensing imagery, land cover data, and altitude, in addition to traditional low-resolution climate and soil variables. We also discuss the GeoLifeCLEF 2020 competition, which aims to use this dataset to advance the state-of-the-art in location-based species recommendation., 10 pages, 4 figures

Published
2020

17. Visualizing Information on Watch Faces: A Survey with Smartwatch Users

Author

Tanja Blascheck, Alaul Islam, Anastasia Bezerianos, Petra Isenberg, Bongshin Lee, Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interacting with Large Data (ILDA), Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Universität Stuttgart [Stuttgart], ANR-18-CE92-0059,MicroVis,Micro visualisations pour l'exploration de données omniprésentes et mobiles(2018), and ANR-18-CE92-0059-01,MicroVis,Micro visualisations pour l’exploration de données omniprésentes et mobiles.

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer science, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Data type, Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC), Visualization, Smartwatch, Data visualization, Human–computer interaction, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], business, 050107 human factors
Abstract

International audience; People increasingly wear smartwatches that can track a wide variety of data. However, it is currently unknown which data people consume and how it is visualized. To better ground research on smartwatch visualization, it is important to understand the current use of these representation types on smartwatches, and to identify missed visualization opportunities. We present the findings of a survey with 237 smartwatch wearers, and assess the types of data and representations commonly displayed on watch faces. We found a predominant display of health & fitness data, with icons accompanied by text being the most frequent representation type. Combining these results with a further analysis of online searches of watch faces and the data tracked on smartwatches that are not commonly visualized, we discuss opportunities for visualization research. Supplementary material is available at https://osf.io/nwy2r/.

Published
2020

18. Statistically Preconditioned Accelerated Gradient Method for Distributed Optimization

Author

Hendrikx, Hadrien, Xiao, Lin, Bubeck, Sébastien, Bach, Francis, Massoulié, Laurent, Dynamics of Geometric Networks (DYOGENE), Département d'informatique - ENS Paris (DI-ENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Statistical Machine Learning and Parsimony (SIERRA), Microsoft Research - Inria Joint Centre (MSR - INRIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Microsoft Research Laboratory Cambridge-Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], This work was funded in part by the French government under management of Agence Nationale de la Recherche as part of the 'Investissements d’avenir' program, reference ANR-19-P3IA-0001 (PRAIRIE 3IA Institute). We also acknowledge support from the European Research Council (grant SEQUOIA 724063) and from the MSR-INRIA jointcentre., ANR-19-P3IA-0001,PRAIRIE,PaRis Artificial Intelligence Research InstitutE(2019), European Project: 724063,ERC-2016-COG,SEQUOIA(2017), Département d'informatique de l'École normale supérieure (DI-ENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département d'informatique - ENS Paris (DI-ENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria de Paris

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, Optimization and Control (math.OC), FOS: Mathematics, Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC), [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Mathematics - Optimization and Control
Abstract

International audience; We consider the setting of distributed empirical risk minimization where multiple machines compute the gradients in parallel and a centralized server updates the model parameters. In order to reduce the number of communications required to reach a given accuracy, we propose a precon-ditioned accelerated gradient method where the preconditioning is done by solving a local optimization problem over a subsampled dataset at the server. The convergence rate of the method depends on the square root of the relative condition number between the global and local loss functions. We estimate the relative condition number for linear prediction models by studying uniform concentration of the Hessians over a bounded domain , which allows us to derive improved convergence rates for existing preconditioned gradient methods and our accelerated method. Experiments on real-world datasets illustrate the benefits of acceleration in the ill-conditioned regime.

Published
2020

19. CHiME-6 Challenge: Tackling multispeaker speech recognition for unsegmented recordings

Author

Watanabe, Shinji, Mandel, Michael, Barker, Jon, Vincent, Emmanuel, Arora, Ashish, Chang, Xuankai, Khudanpur, Sanjeev, Manohar, Vimal, Povey, Daniel, Raj, Desh, Snyder, David, Subramanian, Aswin, Trmal, Jan, Yair, Bar, Boeddeker, Christoph, Ni, Zhaoheng, Fujita, Yusuke, Horiguchi, Shota, Kanda, Naoyuki, Yoshioka, Takuya, Center for Language and Speech Processing [Baltimore] (CLSP), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Brooklyn College [CUNY, New York], City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), Department of Computer Science [Sheffield], University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication (MULTISPEECH), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Paderborn (UPB), Hitachi, Ltd, Microsoft Research [Redmond], and Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.]

Subjects
CHiME challenge, computational paralinguistics, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, speech recognition, speech enhancement, speaker diarization, speech separation
Abstract

International audience; Following the success of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th CHiME challenges we organize the 6th CHiME Speech Separation and Recognition Challenge (CHiME-6). The new challenge revisits the previous CHiME-5 challenge and further considers the problem of distant multi-microphone conversational speech diariza-tion and recognition in everyday home environments. Speech material is the same as the previous CHiME-5 recordings except for accurate array synchronization. The material was elicited using a dinner party scenario with efforts taken to capture data that is representative of natural conversational speech. This paper provides a baseline description of the CHiME-6 challenge for both segmented multispeaker speech recognition (Track 1) and unsegmented multispeaker speech recognition (Track 2). Of note, Track 2 is the first challenge activity in the community to tackle an unsegmented multispeaker speech recognition scenario with a complete set of reproducible open source baselines providing speech enhancement, speaker diarization, and speech recognition modules.

Published
2020

20. CHiME-6 Challenge: Tackling Multispeaker Speech Recognition for Unsegmented Recordings

Author

Naoyuki Kanda, David Snyder, Ashish Arora, Bar Ben Yair, Christoph Boeddeker, Neville Ryant, Jan Trmal, Xuankai Chang, Emmanuel Vincent, Daniel Povey, Aswin Shanmugam Subramanian, Shinji Watanabe, Michael I. Mandel, Zhaoheng Ni, Shota Horiguchi, Takuya Yoshioka, Sanjeev Khudanpur, Vimal Manohar, Yusuke Fujita, Desh Raj, Jon Barker, Center for Language and Speech Processing [Baltimore] (CLSP), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Brooklyn College [CUNY, New York], City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), Department of Computer Science [Sheffield], University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication (MULTISPEECH), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Universität Paderborn (UPB), Hitachi, Ltd, Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
CHiME challenge, computational paralinguistics, Conversational speech, Computer science, Speech recognition, speech recognition, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Speaker diarisation, Speech enhancement, Open source, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Synchronization (computer science), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Natural (music), speech enhancement, speaker diarization, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, speech separation, Set (psychology)
Abstract

International audience; Following the success of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th CHiME challenges we organize the 6th CHiME Speech Separation and Recognition Challenge (CHiME-6). The new challenge revisits the previous CHiME-5 challenge and further considers the problem of distant multi-microphone conversational speech diarization and recognition in everyday home environments. Speech material is the same as the previous CHiME-5 recordings except for accurate array synchronization. The material was elicited using a dinner party scenario with efforts taken to capture data that is representative of natural conversational speech. This paper provides a baseline description of the CHiME-6 challenge for both segmented multispeaker speech recognition (Track 1) and unsegmented multispeaker speech recognition (Track 2). Of note, Track 2 is the first challenge activity in the community to tackle an unsegmented multispeaker speech recognition scenario with a complete set of reproducible open source baselines providing speech enhancement, speaker diarization, and speech recognition modules.

Published
2020

21. A bijective proof of Macdonald's reduced word formula

Author

Billey, Sara, Holroyd, Alexander, Young, Benjamin, Department of Mathematics [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Department of Mathematics, University of Oregon [Eugene], University of Oregon [Eugene], and Simon Fraser University

Subjects
05A19, Mathematics::Combinatorics, General Computer Science, [MATH.MATH-CO]Mathematics [math]/Combinatorics [math.CO], FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics - Combinatorics, Discrete Mathematics and Combinatorics, Combinatorics (math.CO), Mathematics::Representation Theory, 16. Peace & justice, Theoretical Computer Science
Abstract

We give a bijective proof of Macdonald's reduced word identity using pipe dreams and Little's bumping algorithm. This proof extends to a principal specialization due to Fomin and Stanley. Such a proof has been sought for over 20 years. Our bijective tools also allow us to solve a problem posed by Fomin and Kirillov from 1997 using work of Wachs, Lenart, Serrano and Stump. These results extend earlier work by the third author on a Markov process for reduced words of the longest permutation., 39 pages

Published
2020

22. Potential candidates for new SBAS signals

Author

Cyrille Boulanger, Jaron Samson, Axel Garcia-Pena, Christophe Macabiau, Ivan Lapin, Remi Chauvat, Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile (ENAC), Agence Spatiale Européenne (ESA), European Space Agency (ESA), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Microsoft Research, and University of Manitoba [Winnipeg]

Subjects
Signal processing, SBAS signals, GNSS augmentation, business.industry, Computer science, Frequency band, Real-time computing, SBAS E5b, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Broadcasting, Data rate, demodulation, CSK, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Data demodulation, Demodulation, high data rate, business, complexity, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, BPSK, Phase-shift keying
Abstract

International audience; Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) provide single-frequency services for aeronautical users by broadcasting corrections and integrity information on L1 frequency. Future dual-frequency services for aeronautical users will be broadcast on L5-I/E5a-I frequency. New services that could be potentially provided by SBAS to non-aeronautical community are currently being investigated. These services may require higher data rates that challenge current SBAS signal definitions. Considering there is, at this time, no standardized SBAS signal neither on L5/E5a-Q component nor on E5b frequency band, an opportunity to evaluate new signal candidates is identified. In this paper, several candidates are proposed and compared with a baseline candidate. The baseline candidate is the current signal structure of SBAS signals, L1-I and L5-I/E5a-I. The comparison is made in terms of data rate, latency, data demodulation performance and receiver complexity as number of real additions and multiplications. It is observed that it is possible to increase the data rate and to reduce the latency without degrading the data demodulation threshold and with a reasonable complexity increase. Moreover, a compatibility analysis has been conducted which shows an impact smaller than 0.1dB of C/No degradation in any signal processing operation of any L5/E5a frequency band signal.

Published
2020

23. AutoML @ NeurIPS 2018 challenge: Design and Results

Author

Escalante, Hugo, Tu, Wei-Wei, Guyon, Isabelle, Silver, Daniel, Viegas, Evelyne, Chen, YuQiang, Dai, Wenyuan, Yang, Qiang, Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica (INAOE), Chalearn, 4Paradigm, TAckling the Underspecified (TAU), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Acadia University, Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Escalera, Sergio and Herbrich, and Ralf

Subjects
Challenge organization, Life long learning, Concept drift, Automatic machine learning, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract

Preprint submitted to NeurIPS2018 Volume of Springer Series on Challenges in Machine Learning; International audience; We organized a competition on Autonomous Lifelong Machine Learning with Drift that was part of the competition program of NeurIPS 2018. This data driven competition asked participants to develop computer programs capable of solving supervised learning problems where the i.i.d. assumption did not hold. Large data sets were arranged in a lifelong learning and evaluation scenario and CodaLab was used as the challenge platform. The challenge attracted more than 300 participants in its two month duration. This chapter describes the design of the challenge and summarizes its main results.

Published
2020

24. Decoding auditory and tactile attention for use in an EEG-based brain-computer interface

Author

Adrian K. C. Lee, Mihai Jalobeanu, David Johnston, Hakim Si-Mohammed, Hannes Gamper, Andrew D. Wilson, Christian Holz, Winko W. An, Nicholas Huang, Edward Cutrell, Dimitra Emmanouilidou, Ivan Tashev, Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), 3D interaction with virtual environments using body and mind (Hybrid), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-MEDIA ET INTERACTIONS (IRISA-D6), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], and University of Washington [Seattle]

Subjects
medicine.diagnostic_test, Computer science, InformationSystems_INFORMATIONINTERFACESANDPRESENTATION(e.g.,HCI), Speech recognition, Interface (computing), Linear classifier, Electroencephalography, Nonverbal communication, InformationSystems_MODELSANDPRINCIPLES, Covert, Tactile, medicine, Attention, EEG, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], BCI, Transfer of learning, Auditory, Decoding methods, Brain–computer interface
Abstract

International audience; Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems offer a non-verbal and covert way for humans to interact with a machine. They are designed to interpret a user's brain state that can be translated into action or for other communication purposes. This study investigates the feasibility of developing a hands-and eyes-free BCI system based on auditory and tactile attention. Users were presented with multiple simultaneous streams of auditory or tactile stimuli, and were directed to detect a pattern in one particular stream. We applied a linear classifier to decode the stream-tracking attention from the EEG signal. The results showed that the proposed BCI system could capture attention from most study participants using multisensory inputs, and showed potential in transfer learning across multiple sessions.

Published
2020

25. Causalité et apprentissage automatique

Author

Claeys, Emmanuelle, Maumy-Bertrand, Myriam, Bottou, Léon, Claeys, Emmanuelle, Laboratoire des sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie (ICube), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Strasbourg (INSA Strasbourg), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche Mathématique Avancée (IRMA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)

Subjects
[STAT]Statistics [stat], [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], [STAT.ME] Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], [STAT.AP] Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], [STAT.ME]Statistics [stat]/Methodology [stat.ME], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [STAT.ML] Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], [STAT] Statistics [stat]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2020

26. MobileVisFixer: Tailoring Web Visualizations for Mobile Phones Leveraging an Explainable Reinforcement Learning Framework

Author

Aoyu Wu, Bongshin Lee, Huamin Qu, Petra Isenberg, Tim Dwyer, Wai Tong, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Monash University [Melbourne], Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], This work is supported in part by a grant from Microsoft Research Asia (No. MRA19EG02)., Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer science, Process (engineering), Scalable Vector Graphics, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, 02 engineering and technology, Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC), Data visualization, Computer Science - Graphics, User experience design, Human–computer interaction, Reinforcement learning, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], business.industry, Mobile visualization, 020207 software engineering, computer.file_format, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Graphics (cs.GR), Visualization, Signal Processing, Responsive visualization, Machine learning for visualizations, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Markov decision process, business, computer, Mobile device, Software
Abstract

We contribute MobileVisFixer, a new method to make visualizations more mobile-friendly. Although mobile devices have become the primary means of accessing information on the web, many existing visualizations are not optimized for small screens and can lead to a frustrating user experience. Currently, practitioners and researchers have to engage in a tedious and time-consuming process to ensure that their designs scale to screens of different sizes, and existing toolkits and libraries provide little support in diagnosing and repairing issues. To address this challenge, MobileVisFixer automates a mobile-friendly visualization re-design process with a novel reinforcement learning framework. To inform the design of MobileVisFixer, we first collected and analyzed SVG-based visualizations on the web, and identified five common mobile-friendly issues. MobileVisFixer addresses four of these issues on single-view Cartesian visualizations with linear or discrete scales by a Markov Decision Process model that is both generalizable across various visualizations and fully explainable. MobileVisFixer deconstructs charts into declarative formats, and uses a greedy heuristic based on Policy Gradient methods to find solutions to this difficult, multi-criteria optimization problem in reasonable time. In addition, MobileVisFixer can be easily extended with the incorporation of optimization algorithms for data visualizations. Quantitative evaluation on two real-world datasets demonstrates the effectiveness and generalizability of our method., Comment: Accepted at IEEE VIS 2020 (Info VIS)

Published
2020
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27. Reaching Broader Audiences With Data Visualization

Author

Lee, Bongshin, Choe, Eun, Isenberg, Petra, Marriott, Kim, Stasko, John, Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Monash University [Clayton], School of Interactive Computing & GVU Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]

Subjects
Viewpoint, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Visualization
Abstract

International audience; The visualization research community can and should reach broader audiencesbeyond data-savvy groups of people, because these audiences could also greatly benefit from visual access to data. In this paper, we discuss four research topics—personal datavisualization, data visualization on mobile devices, inclusive data visualization, and multimodal interaction for data visualization—that, individually and collaboratively, would help us reach broader audiences with data visualization, making data more accessible.

Published
2020

28. ShapeWordle: Tailoring Wordles using Shape-aware Archimedean Spirals

Author

Chi-Wing Fu, Christophe Hurter, Jian Zhang, Xiaotong Li, Oliver Deussen, Bongshin Lee, Xiaowei Chu, Yunhai Wang, Kaiyi Zhang, Chen Bao, Shandong University, Northwestern University [Evanston], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile (ENAC), Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], and Universität Konstanz

Subjects
Theoretical computer science, Semantics (computer science), business.industry, Computer science, Archimedean spiral, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Space (commercial competition), shape, Computational geometry, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Set (abstract data type), symbols.namesake, Data visualization, Wordle, Signal Processing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, symbols, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, business, Distance transform, Software, Word (computer architecture)
Abstract

International audience; We present a new technique to enable the creation of shape-bounded Wordles, we call ShapeWordle, in which we fit words to form a given shape. To guide word placement within a shape, we extend the traditional Archimedean spirals to be shape-aware by formulating the spirals in a differential form using the distance field of the shape. To handle non-convex shapes, we introduce a multi-centric Wordle layout method that segments the shape into parts for our shape-aware spirals to adaptively fill the space and generate word placements. In addition, we offer a set of editing interactions to facilitate the creation of semantically-meaningful Wordles. Lastly, we present three evaluations: a comprehensive comparison of our results against the state-of-the-art technique (WordArt), case studies with 14 users, and a gallery to showcase the coverage of our technique.

Published
2020

29. The Supersingular Isogeny Problem in Genus 2 and Beyond

Author

Craig Costello, Benjamin Smith, Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Geometry, arithmetic, algorithms, codes and encryption (GRACE), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'informatique de l'École polytechnique [Palaiseau] (LIX), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), ANR-19-CE48-0008,CIAO,Cryptographie, isogenies et variété abéliennes surpuissantes(2019), Laboratoire d'informatique de l'École polytechnique [Palaiseau] (LIX), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), and École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Isogeny, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Mathematics - Number Theory, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, [MATH.MATH-NT]Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT], Graph, Combinatorics, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], 010201 computation theory & mathematics, FOS: Mathematics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Number Theory (math.NT), Abelian group, Cryptography and Security (cs.CR), Mathematics, Quantum computer
Abstract

International audience; Let $A/\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p$ and $A'/\overline{\mathbb{F}}_p$ be supersingular principally polarized abelian varieties of dimension $g>1$. For any prime $\ell \ne p$, we give an algorithm that finds a path $\phi \colon A \rightarrow A'$ in the $(\ell, \dots , \ell)$-isogeny graph in $\widetilde{O}(p^{g-1})$ group operations on a classical computer, and $\widetilde{O}(\sqrt{p^{g-1}})$ calls to the Grover oracle on a quantum computer. The idea is to find paths from $A$ and $A'$ to nodes that correspond to products of lower dimensional abelian varieties, and to recurse down in dimension until an elliptic path-finding algorithm (such as Delfs--Galbraith) can be invoked to connect the paths in dimension $g=1$. In the general case where $A$ and $A'$ are any two nodes in the graph, this algorithm presents an asymptotic improvement over all of the algorithms in the current literature. In the special case where $A$ and $A'$ are a known and relatively small number of steps away from each other (as is the case in higher dimensional analogues of SIDH), it gives an asymptotic improvement over the quantum claw finding algorithms and an asymptotic improvement over the classical van Oorschot--Wiener algorithm.

Published
2020

30. CD8+ T cell-mediated endotheliopathy is a targetable mechanism of neuro-inflammation in Susac syndrome

Author

Marius Ringelstein, L. M. Yshii, Ilka Kleffner, Stephen W. Reddel, Brigitte Wildemann, Todd A. Hardy, Markus Schwaninger, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Nicholas Schwab, Delphine Loussouarn, John Parratt, Marc Pawlitzki, Henrike Plate, Eduardo Beltrán, Catharina C. Gross, Anna R. Tröscher, Tanja Kuhlmann, Tilman Schneider-Hohendorf, Klaus Dornmair, Jan Dörr, Roland S. Liblau, Urvashi Bhatia, Hans Lassmann, Sven G. Meuth, Luisa Klotz, Sebastian Herich, Markus Kraemer, Jan Bauer, Céline Meyer, David-Axel Laplaud, Wolfgang Brück, Romana Höftberger, Michael Barnett, Michael E. Buckland, Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Heinz Wiendl, University Hospital Münster - Universitaetsklinikum Muenster [Germany] (UKM), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology [Lübeck, Germany], University of Lübeck [Germany], Institute of Neuropathology [Göttingen, Germany], University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (U1064 Inserm - CRTI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Service d’Anatomopathologie [CHU Nantes], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Royal North Shore Hospital [Sydney, Australia], Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], The University of Sydney, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf = Heinrich Heine University [Düsseldorf], Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], University of Heidelberg, Medical Faculty, University of Vienna [Vienna], Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology [Munich, Germany], Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [Toulouse], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Le Bihan, Sylvie, MECANISMES INTEGRES DE L'INFLAMMATION - Infiltration tissulaire des macrophages et inflammation : identification d'inhibiteurs de la migration cellulaire en trois dimensions. - - MigreFlame2010 - ANR-10-MIDI-0013 - MI2 - VALID, Blanc 2013 - Migration des lymp^hocytes T CD8 T dans le système nerveux central - - T cell Mig2013 - ANR-13-BSV3-0003 - Blanc 2013 - VALID, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus = University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus [Bochum], Universität zu Lübeck = University of Lübeck [Lübeck], Service de neurologie [Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Hôpital Guillaume-et-René-Laennec [Saint-Herblain], Royal North Shore Hospital (RNSH), Royal Prince Alfred Hospital [Sydney, Australia], Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Munich Cluster for systems neurology [Munich] (SyNergy), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM)-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Service Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Inflammation, infection, immunologie et loco-moteur [CHU Toulouse] (Pôle I3LM Toulouse), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), ANR-10-MIDI-0013,MigreFlame,Infiltration tissulaire des macrophages et inflammation : identification d'inhibiteurs de la migration cellulaire en trois dimensions.(2010), ANR-13-BSV3-0003,T cell Mig,Migration des lymp^hocytes T CD8 T dans le système nerveux central(2013), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP - U1043 INSERM - UMR5282 CNRS - UT3), University Medical Center Göttingen [Germany], Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf [Düsseldorf], Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin, and Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales[Toulouse]

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, MESH: Integrin alpha4 / metabolism, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Neuroimmunology, General Physics and Astronomy, Autoimmunity, 0302 clinical medicine, Natalizumab, Cytotoxic T cell, MESH: Animals, lcsh:Science, MESH: Endothelium, Vascular / drug effects, Multidisciplinary, MESH: Central Nervous System / immunology, MESH: Endothelium, Vascular / pathology, MESH: Microvessels / pathology, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.anatomical_structure, MESH: Cell Adhesion / drug effects, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Function and Dysfunction of the Nervous System, MESH: Central Nervous System / pathology, medicine.drug, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, MESH: Mice, Transgenic, Science, Central nervous system, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, MESH: Microvessels / immunology, medicine, MESH: Cell Adhesion / immunology, Neuroinflammation, Susac Syndrome, MESH: Central Nervous System / blood suppl, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Adult, General Chemistry, MESH: Integrin alpha4 / antagonists & inhibitors, MESH: Male, Granzyme B, Susac syndrome, neuro-inflammation, endotheliopathy, 030104 developmental biology, Immunology, lcsh:Q, MESH: Endothelium, Vascular / immunology, MESH: Microvessels / drug effects, MESH: Disease Models, Animal, business, MESH: Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, CD8
Abstract

International audience; Neuroinflammation is often associated with blood-brain-barrier dysfunction, which contributes to neurological tissue damage. Here, we reveal the pathophysiology of Susac syndrome (SuS), an enigmatic neuroinflammatory disease with central nervous system (CNS) endotheliopathy. By investigating immune cells from the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and CNS of SuS patients, we demonstrate oligoclonal expansion of terminally differentiated activated cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs). Neuropathological data derived from both SuS patients and a newly-developed transgenic mouse model recapitulating the disease indicate that CTLs adhere to CNS microvessels in distinct areas and polarize granzyme B, which most likely results in the observed endothelial cell injury and microhemorrhages. Blocking T-cell adhesion by anti-α4 integrin-intervention ameliorates the disease in the preclinical model. Similarly, disease severity decreases in four SuS patients treated with natalizumab along with other therapy. Our study identifies CD8+ T-cell-mediated endotheliopathy as a key disease mechanism in SuS and highlights therapeutic opportunities.disease severity decreases in four SuS patients treated with natalizumab along with other therapy. Our study identifies CD8+ T-cell-mediated endotheliopathy as a key disease mechanism in SuS and highlights therapeutic opportunities.

Published
2019

31. Adding Defibrillation Therapy to Cardiac Resynchronization on the Basis of the Myocardial Substrate

Author

Munmohan Virdee, Françoise Hidden-Lucet, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Nicolas Sadoul, Khang Li Looi, Frédéric Anselme, Daniel Gras, Sérgio Barra, Rui Providência, Simon P. Fynn, Eloi Marijon, Jean Claude Deharo, Rasmus Borgquist, Christophe Leclercq, Serge Boveda, Sharad Agarwal, Didier Klug, Rudolf Duehmke, Pascal Defaye, Jean-Sébastien Hermida, Anthony W.C. Chow, Kumar Narayanan, Christian Reitan, Clinique Pasteur et Groupe Rythmologie Stimulation Cardiaque/SFC, Clinique Pasteur [Toulouse], Laboratoire d'économie et de sociologie du travail (LEST), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Institut de cardiologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Hôpital cardiologique, Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Cardiac Stimulation and Rhythmology, CHU Grenoble, Nouvelles Cliniques Nantaises, Service de cardiologie [CHU Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire Traitement du Signal et de l'Image (LTSI), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de cardiologie, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Dysoxie, suractivité : aspects cellulaires et intégratifs thérapeutiques (DS-ACI / UMR MD2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Cardiologie [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Service de cardiologie [CHU HEGP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Ischemia, Cardiac resynchronization therapy, cause of death analysis, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, sudden cardiac death, Sudden cardiac death, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Devices, cardiovascular diseases, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Ischemic cardiomyopathy, ischemic cardiomyopathy, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, medicine.disease, Defibrillators, Implantable, 3. Good health, Europe, dilated cardiomyopathy, Heart failure, cardiovascular system, Cardiology, all-cause mortality, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

International audience; Background: Patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) may be at lower risk for ventricular arrhythmias compared with those with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). In addition, DCM has been identified as a predictor of positive response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of an additional implantable cardioverter-defibrillator over CRT, according to underlying heart disease, in a large study group of primary prevention patients with heart failure.Methods: This was an observational, multicenter, European cohort study of 5,307 consecutive patients with DCM or ICM, no history of sustained ventricular arrhythmias, who underwent CRT implantation with (n = 4,037) or without (n = 1,270) a defibrillator. Propensity-score and cause-of-death analyses were used to compare outcomes.Results: After a mean follow-up period of 41.4 ± 29.0 months, patients with ICM had better survival when receiving CRT with a defibrillator compared with those who received CRT without a defibrillator (hazard ratio for mortality adjusted on propensity score and all mortality predictors: 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62 to 0.92; p = 0.005), whereas in patients with DCM, no such difference was observed (hazard ratio: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.16; p = 0.49). Compared with recipients of defibrillators, the excess mortality in patients who did not receive defibrillators was related to sudden cardiac death in 8.0% among those with ICM but in only 0.4% of those with DCM.Conclusions: Among patients with heart failure with indications for CRT, those with DCM may not benefit from additional primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy, as opposed to those with ICM.

Published
2017

32. SpaceInk: Making Space for In-Context Annotations

Author

Ken Hinckley, Hugo Romat, Emmanuel Pietriga, Caroline Appert, Nathalie Henry-Riche, Interacting with Large Data (ILDA), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Microsoft Research [Redmond], and Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.]

Subjects
Space (punctuation), Marginalia, Underline, Computer science, Process (engineering), Whitespaces, Annotation, Reflowing, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Whitespace, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, User studies, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], 050107 human factors, computer.programming_language, Information retrieval, 05 social sciences, 020207 software engineering, Touch screens, Document layout, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, E-reading, computer, Gesture
Abstract

International audience; When editing or reviewing a document, people directly overlay ink marks on content. For instance, they underline words, or circle elements in a figure. These overlay marks often accompany in-context annotations in the form of handwritten footnotes and marginalia. People tend to put annotations close to the content that elicited them, but have to compose with the often-limited whitespace. We introduce SpaceInk, a design space of pen+touch techniques that make room for in-context annotations by dynamically reflowing documents. We identify representative techniques in this design space, spanning both new ones and existing ones. We evaluate them in a user study, with results that inform the design of a prototype system. Our system lets users concentrate on capturing fleeting thoughts, streamlining the overall annotation process by enabling the fluid inverleaving of space-making gestures with freeform ink.

Published
2019

33. A genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for primary central nervous system lymphoma at 6p25.3 and 3p22.1: a LOC Network study

Author

Labreche, Karim, Daniau, Mailys, Sud, Amit, Law, Philip, Royer-Perron, Louis, Holroyd, Amy, Broderick, Peter, Went, Molly, Benazra, Marion, Ahle, Guido, Soubeyran, Pierre, Taillandier, Luc, Chinot, Olivier, Casasnovas, Olivier, Bay, Jacques-Olivier, Jardin, Fabrice, Oberic, Lucie, Fabbro, Michel, Damaj, Gandhi, Brion, Annie, Mokhtari, Karima, Philippe, Cathy, Sanson, Marc, Houillier, Caroline, Soussain, Carole, Hoang-Xuan, Khê, Houlston, Richard, Alentorn, Agusti, Moles-Moreau, Marie-Pierre, Gressin, Rémy, Morschhauser, Franck, Agapé, Philippe, Jaccard, Arnaud, Ghesquières, Hervé, Tempescul, Adrian, Gyan, Emmanuel, Marolleau, Jean-Pierre, Houot, Roch, Fornecker, Luc, Stefano, Anna-Luisa Di, Detrait, Ines, Rahimian, Amithys, Lathrop, Mark, Genet, Diane, Davi, Frederic, Cassoux, Nathalie, Touitou, Valérie, Choquet, Sylvain, Vital, Anne, Polivka, Marc, Figarella-Branger, Dominique, Benouaich-Amiel, Alexandra, Campello, Chantal, Charlotte, Fréderic, Martin-Duverneuil, Nadine, Feuvret, Loïc, Kas, Aurélie, Navarro, Soledad, Villa, Chiara, Bielle, Franck, Chrétien, Fabrice, Tortel, Marie Christine, Gauchotte, Guillaume, Uro-Coste, Emmanuelle, Godfrain, Catherine, Rigau, Valérie, Costopoulos, Myrto, Garff-Tavernier, Magalie Le, Meyronnet, David, Rousseau, Audrey, Adam, Clovis, Lamy, Thierry, Chabrot, Cécile, Boyle, Eileen, Blonski, Marie, Schmitt, Anna, The institute of cancer research [London], Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Cancer Genetics, Institute of cancer research, Service de Neurologie [Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar], Hôpitaux Civils Colmar, Plateforme de génétique moléculaire des cancers d'Aquitaine, Institut Bergonié [Bordeaux], UNICANCER-UNICANCER, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie (CRO2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'Hématologie Clinique (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Role of intra-Clonal Heterogeneity and Leukemic environment in ThErapy Resistance of chronic leukemias (CHELTER), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Génomique et Médecine Personnalisée du Cancer et des Maladies Neuropsychiatriques (GPMCND), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UNICANCER - Institut régional du Cancer Montpellier Val d'Aurelle (ICM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque, Laboratoire d'Hématologie [CHU Amiens], CHU Amiens-Picardie, Service d'hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Université des sciences et de la Technologie d'Oran Mohamed Boudiaf [Oran] (USTO MB), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IRCM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CRLCC René Huguenin, Biologie des Interactions Neurones / Glie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire d'hématologie [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Institut d'oncologie/développement Albert Bonniot de Grenoble (INSERM U823), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Biophysique, Médecine Nucléaire et Technologies Médicales (EA 1049), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Contrôle de la Réponse Immune B et des Lymphoproliférations (CRIBL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Hôpital Edouard Herriot [CHU - HCL], Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), CHRU Brest - Service d'Hématologie (CHU-Brest-Hemato), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Service d'hématologie [Tours], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Hôpital Bretonneau, Service clinique des Maladies du Sang, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique [Strasbourg] (LSMBO), Département Sciences Analytiques et Interactions Ioniques et Biomoléculaires (DSA-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Institut Curie [Paris], Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Service d'Anatomo-Cyto-Pathologie et de NeuroPathologie [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM] (ACPNP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale [Paris] (LIB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (U894), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'Oto-Rhino-Laryngologie et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Institut de mécanique des fluides de Toulouse (IMFT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service de Biopathologie [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (UNICANCER/CRCL), Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Service d'hématologie clinique, Université de Rennes (UR)-Hôpital Pontchaillou, CHU Estaing [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Hôpital Claude Huriez [Lille], CHU Lille, Service de Neuro-Oncologie [CHRU Nancy], UNICANCER, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), USTO (USTO), Centre de référence sur les démences rares et maladie de Pick, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'Hématologie clinique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Rangueil, Service d'Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Service de Radiothérapie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Service de Neurochirurgie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences (U894 / UMS 1266), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service de neuro-pathologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Bergonié - CRLCC Bordeaux, Unité de transplantation médullaire et laboratoire d'oncologie moléculaire, CRLCC Jean Perrin, UNICANCER - Institut régional du Cancer [Montpellier] (ICM), Service hématologie Amiens, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Besançon] (CHRU Besançon)-Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Hôpital Bretonneau-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Hopital d'Amiens, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Département des Sciences Analytiques, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (LSMBO-DSA-IPHC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université McGill, Service d'Hématologie Clinique [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Institut Curie, Service d'Ophthalmologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes (CHRU Nîmes), Service d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre Léon Bérard [Lyon]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Hôpital Claude Huriez, Université de Lille, Droit et Santé-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institut Bergonié - Département de médecine, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre régional de lutte contre le cancer [CRLCC], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-EFS-CHU Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'Oncologie Radiothérapie [CHU Pitié Salpétrière], and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Central Nervous System, Cancer Research, Genome-wide association study, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Biology, Central Nervous System Neoplasms, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, primary CNS lymphoma, hemic and lymphatic diseases, medicine, Genetic predisposition, Humans, GWAS, 1000 Genomes Project, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin, Primary central nervous system lymphoma, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, medicine.disease, cancer susceptibility, 3. Good health, Lymphoma, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Basic and Translational Investigations, Neurology (clinical), Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse, Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Imputation (genetics), Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

BackgroundPrimary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare form of extra-nodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma. PCNSL is a distinct subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, with over 95% of tumors belonging to the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) group. We have conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on immunocompetent patients to address the possibility that common genetic variants influence the risk of developing PCNSL.MethodsWe performed a meta-analysis of 2 new GWASs of PCNSL totaling 475 cases and 1134 controls of European ancestry. To increase genomic resolution, we imputed >10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms using the 1000 Genomes Project combined with UK10K as reference. In addition we performed a transcription factor binding disruption analysis and investigated the patterns of local chromatin by Capture Hi-C data.ResultsWe identified independent risk loci at 3p22.1 (rs41289586, ANO10, P = 2.17 × 10−8) and 6p25.3 near EXOC2 (rs116446171, P = 1.95 x 10−13). In contrast, the lack of an association between rs41289586 and DLBCL suggests distinct germline predisposition to PCNSL and DLBCL. We found looping chromatin interactions between noncoding regions at 6p25.3 (rs11646171) with the IRF4 promoter and at 8q24.21 (rs13254990) with the MYC promoter, both genes with strong relevance to B-cell tumorigenesis.ConclusionTo our knowledge this is the first study providing insight into the genetic predisposition to PCNSL. Our findings represent an important step in defining the contribution of common genetic variation to the risk of developing PCNSL.

Published
2019

34. RNNs Implicitly Implement Tensor Product Representations

Author

McCoy, R. Thomas, Linzen, Tal, Dunbar, Ewan, Smolensky, Paul, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Laboratoire de Linguistique Formelle (LLF UMR7110), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Apprentissage machine et développement cognitif (CoML), Laboratoire de sciences cognitives et psycholinguistique (LSCP), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria de Paris, Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de sciences cognitives et psycholinguistique (LSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Laboratoire de Linguistique Formelle (LLF - UMR7110), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No.1746891 and NSF INSPIRE grant BCS-1344269. This work was also supported by ERC grant ERC-2011-AdG-295810 (BOOTPHON), and ANR grants ANR-10-LABX-0087 (IEC) and ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 (PSL*), ANR-17-CE28-0009 (GEOMPHON), ANR-11-IDEX-0005 (USPC), and ANR-10-LABX-0083 (EFL). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation or the other supporting agencies., ANR-10-LABX-0087,IEC,Institute of Cognitive Studies of Ecole normale superieure(2010), ANR-10-IDEX-0001,PSL,Paris Sciences et Lettres(2010), ANR-17-CE28-0009,GEOMPHON,Perception et apprentissage de la parole dans la typologie géometrique des inventaires phonologiques(2017), ANR-11-IDEX-0005,USPC,Université Sorbonne Paris Cité(2011), and ANR-10-LABX-0083,EFL,Empirical Foundations of Linguistics : data, methods, models(2010)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computation and Language (cs.CL), [INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can learn continuous vector representations of symbolic structures such as sequences and sentences; these representations often exhibit linear regularities (analogies). Such regularities motivate our hypothesis that RNNs that show such regularities implicitly compile symbolic structures into tensor product representations (TPRs; Smolensky, 1990), which additively combine tensor products of vectors representing roles (e.g., sequence positions) and vectors representing fillers (e.g., particular words). To test this hypothesis, we introduce Tensor Product Decomposition Networks (TPDNs), which use TPRs to approximate existing vector representations. We demonstrate using synthetic data that TPDNs can successfully approximate linear and tree-based RNN autoencoder representations, suggesting that these representations exhibit interpretable compositional structure; we explore the settings that lead RNNs to induce such structure-sensitive representations. By contrast, further TPDN experiments show that the representations of four models trained to encode naturally-occurring sentences can be largely approximated with a bag of words, with only marginal improvements from more sophisticated structures. We conclude that TPDNs provide a powerful method for interpreting vector representations, and that standard RNNs can induce compositional sequence representations that are remarkably well approximated by TPRs; at the same time, existing training tasks for sentence representation learning may not be sufficient for inducing robust structural representations., Accepted to ICLR 2019

Published
2019

35. ActiveInk: (Th)Inking with Data

Author

Emmanuel Pietriga, Ken Hinckley, Christopher Collins, Caroline Appert, Hugo Romat, Bongshin Lee, Nathalie Henry Riche, Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Interacting with Large Data (ILDA), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Human-Centered Computing (LRI) (HCC - LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, and CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Computer science, Active reading, Transition (fiction), Annotation, 05 social sciences, Visualization systems and tools, Design elements and principles, 020207 software engineering, Touch screens, 02 engineering and technology, Sensemaking, Visualization, Human–computer interaction, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Natural (music), 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Ink, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Digital pen, 050107 human factors, Qualitative research
Abstract

International audience; During sensemaking, people annotate insights: underlining sentences in a document or circling regions on a map. They jot down their hypotheses: drawing correlation lines on scatterplots or creating personal legends to track patterns. We present ActiveInk, a system enabling people to seamlessly transition between exploring data and externalizing their thoughts using pen and touch. ActiveInk enables the natural use of pen for active reading behaviors, while supporting analytic actions by activating any of these ink strokes. Through a qualitative study with eight participants, we contribute observations of active reading behaviors during data exploration and design principles to support sensemaking.

Published
2019

36. Glanceable Visualization: Studies of Data Comparison Performance on Smartwatches

Author

Bongshin Lee, Petra Isenberg, Tanja Blascheck, Anastasia Bezerianos, Lonni Besançon, Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Interacting with Large Data (ILDA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microsoft Research [Redmond], and Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.]

Subjects
Bar (music), Bar chart, Computer science, data comparison, 02 engineering and technology, perception, smartwatch, law.invention, Task (project management), Smartwatch, [INFO.INFO-IU]Computer Science [cs]/Ubiquitous Computing, Chart, law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Computer vision, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Glanceable visualization, business.industry, 020207 software engineering, quantitative evaluation, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Visualization, Signal Processing, Task analysis, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Artificial intelligence, business, Software
Abstract

International audience; We present the results of two perception studies to assess how quickly people can perform a simple data comparison task for small-scale visualizations on a smartwatch. The main goal of these studies is to extend our understanding of design constraints for smartwatch visualizations. Previous work has shown that a vast majority of smartwatch interactions last under 5 s. It is still unknown what people can actually perceive from visualizations during such short glances, in particular with such a limited display space of smartwatches. To shed light on this question, we conducted two perception studies that assessed the lower bounds of task time for a simple data comparison task. We tested three chart types common on smartwatches: bar charts, donut charts, and radial bar charts with three different data sizes: 7, 12, and 24 data values. In our first study, we controlled the differences of the two target bars to be compared, while the second study varied the difference randomly. For both studies, we found that participants performed the task on average in

Published
2019

37. Modular invariants for genus 3 hyperelliptic curves

Author

Maike Massierer, Pınar Kılıçer, Sorina Ionica, Kristin E. Lauter, Adelina Manzateanu, Elisa Lorenzo García, Christelle Vincent, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Cryptography group, Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.]-Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Institut de Recherche Mathématique de Rennes (IRMAR), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), University of South Wales (USW), University of Bristol [Bristol], University of Vermont [Burlington], National Science Foundation, Algebra, Modélisation, Information et Systèmes - UR UPJV 4290 (MIS), Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg = Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (OFFIS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
Pure mathematics, Computation, Mathematics::Number Theory, Binary number, Complex multiplication, 01 natural sciences, Invariant of curve, 010104 statistics & probability, Hyperelliptic curve, Mathematics::Algebraic Geometry, FOS: Mathematics, Siegel modular form, Number Theory (math.NT), 0101 mathematics, Theta constant, Mathematics, Algebra and Number Theory, Mathematics - Number Theory, business.industry, 010102 general mathematics, Bad reduction, Modular design, [MATH.MATH-NT]Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT], math.NT, Locus (mathematics), business
Abstract

International audience; In this article we prove an analogue of a theorem of Lachaud, Ritzenthaler, and Zykin, which allows us to connect invariants of binary oc-tics to Siegel modular forms of genus 3. We use this connection to show that certain modular functions, when restricted to the hyperelliptic locus, assume values whose denominators are products of powers of primes of bad reduction for the associated hyperelliptic curves. We illustrate our theorem with explicit computations. This work is motivated by the study of the value of these modular functions at CM points of the Siegel upper-half space, which, if their denominators are known, can be used to effectively compute models of (hyperelliptic, in our case) curves with CM.

Published
2019

38. Mobile Data Visualization (Dagstuhl Seminar 19292)

Author

Choe, Eun Kyoung, Dachselt, Raimund, Isenberg, Petra, Lee, Bongshin, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Interactive Media Lab, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Microsoft Research [Redmond], and Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.]

Subjects
Mobile computing, 000 Computer science, knowledge, general works, Ubiquitous computing, Data visualization, 05 social sciences, Human-centered computing → Human computer interaction (HCI), 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Human-centered computing → Visualization, Human-computer interaction, Human-centered computing → Ubiquitous and mobile computing, Computer Science, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Information visualiza tion, Human-centered computing → Interaction design, 050107 human factors
Abstract

International audience; Mobile visualization is becoming more prevalent, and new mobile device form factors and hardware capabilities will continually emerge in the coming years. Therefore, it is timely to reflect on what has been discovered to date and to look into the future. This Dagstuhl seminar brought together both established and junior researchers, designers, and practitioners from relevant application and research fields, including visualization, ubiquitous computing, human-computer interaction, and health informatics. Five demos and five tutorials gave participants an opportunity to share their experiences and research, and learn skills relevant to mobile data visualiza-tion. Through brainstorming and discussion in break-out sessions, along with short report back presentations, participants identified challenges and opportunities for future research on mobile data visualization.

Published
2019

39. A Comparative Evaluation of Animation and Small Multiples for Trend Visualization on Mobile Phones

Author

Eun Kyoung Choe, Petra Isenberg, Bongshin Lee, Matthew Brehmer, Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Maryland [College Park], and University of Maryland System

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Reflection (computer programming), Computer science, animation, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, 02 engineering and technology, Crowdsourcing, Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC), Human–computer interaction, graphical perception, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Evaluation, 050107 human factors, Multiple, mobile phones, Focus (computing), business.industry, 05 social sciences, 020207 software engineering, Animation, trend visualization, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, small multiples, Visualization, Task (computing), Signal Processing, crowdsourcing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, business, Mobile device, Software
Abstract

We compare the efficacy of animated and small multiples variants of scatterplots on mobile phones for comparing trends in multivariate datasets. Visualization is increasingly prevalent in mobile applications and mobile-first websites, yet there is little prior visualization research dedicated to small displays. In this paper, we build upon previous experimental research carried out on larger displays that assessed animated and non-animated variants of scatterplots. Incorporating similar experimental stimuli and tasks, we conducted an experiment where 96 crowdworker participants performed nine trend comparison tasks using their mobile phones. We found that those using a small multiples design consistently completed tasks in less time, albeit with slightly less confidence than those using an animated design. The accuracy results were more task-dependent, and we further interpret our results according to the characteristics of the individual tasks, with a specific focus on the trajectories of target and distractor data items in each task. We identify cases that appear to favor either animation or small multiples, providing new questions for further experimental research and implications for visualization design on mobile devices. Lastly, we provide a reflection on our evaluation methodology., Comment: Accepted for presentation at IEEE VIS 2019, October 20-25 in Vancouver, Canada. To appear in IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics

Published
2019
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40. Immersive Visual Data Stories

Author

Bongshin Lee, Petra Isenberg, Huamin Qu, Maxime Cordeil, Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Monash University [Melbourne], Kim Marriott, Falk Schreiber, Tim Dwyer, Karsten Klein, Nathalie Henry Riche, Takayuki Itoh, Wolfgang Stuerzlinger, and Bruce H. Thomas

Subjects
immersion, 05 social sciences, ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Research opportunities, Narrative visualization, Visualization, Visual arts, Interactivity, storytelling, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Immersion (virtual reality), 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Narrative, data-driven narratives, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Graphics, Psychology, 050107 human factors, visualization, Storytelling, narrative visualization
Abstract

International audience; We discuss opportunities and challenges for making people experience immersion when interacting with visual data stories. Even though visual data stories are an important means for communicating information, the extent to which viewers feel immersed in such stories has so far been hardly explored. In this chapter, we explore the concept of immersion in visual data stories from the viewpoint of related disciplines in which narratives play an important role. We pay special attention to games research, which shares a focus on graphics and interactivity with our context of visual data stories. From this exploration we derive research opportunities and challenges for immersion in visual data stories.

Published
2018

41. H 2 O 2 Oxidation by Fe III –OOH Intermediates and Its Effect on Catalytic Efficiency

Author

Chen, Juan, Draksharapu, Apparao, Angelone, Davide, Unjaroen, Duenpen, Padamati, Sandeep, Hage, Ronald, Swart, Marcel, Duboc, Carole, Browne, Wesley, Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Département de Chimie Moléculaire - Chimie Inorganique Redox Biomimétique (DCM - CIRE ), Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen [Groningen], and Lardato, Marielle

Subjects
[CHIM] Chemical Sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018

42. InPhysible: Camouflage Against Video-Based Physiological Measurement

Author

Christophe Hurter, Daniel McDuff, Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], and Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile (ENAC)

Subjects
Adult, Male, Information privacy, Computer science, 0206 medical engineering, Video Recording, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Signal, 010309 optics, Wearable Electronic Devices, Young Adult, Interference (communication), Heart Rate, Photoplethysmogram, 0103 physical sciences, Heart rate, Humans, Computer vision, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Photoplethysmography, Set (psychology), Video based, Monitoring, Physiologic, Measure heart rate, Oxygen saturation (medicine), business.industry, Respiration, Blood flow, 020601 biomedical engineering, Privacy, Camouflage, Female, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract

International audience; Imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) is a powerful set of methods for measuring physiological signals from video. Recent advances have shown that a low-cost webcam can be used to measure heart rate, blood flow, respiration, blood oxygen levels and stress. While these methods have many beneficial applications, the unobtrusive and ubiquitous nature of the sensors risk exposing people to unwanted measurement. We present InPhysible the first camouflage system against video-based physiological measurement. The infra-red system can be embedded into any pair of glasses, or other headwear, and disrupts the measurement of the iPPG signal while being imperceptible by the human eye. Our system is flexible and can simulate realistic pulse signals to hinder heart rate measurement. In this paper we present the design of our prototype and a user study validating its efficacy. Finally, we discuss the limitations and implications for data privacy and security.

Published
2018

43. Visualization perception on smartwatches

Author

Blascheck, Tanja, Besançon, Lonni, Bezerianos, Anastasia, Lee, Bongshin, Isenberg, Petra, Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interacting with Large Data (ILDA), Microsoft Research [Redmond], and Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.]

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC]
Abstract

National audience; We present a perceptual study to assess how quickly people can perform a simple data comparison task for small-scale visualizations on a smartwatch. The main goal of this study is to extend our understanding of design constraints for smartwatch visualizations. We conducted a two-alternative forced choice experiment in which we assessed the lower bounds of task time for three common data representations on smartwatches (bar charts, donut charts, and radial bar charts) with three different data sizes for each representation (7, 12, and 24 data values) for a simple data comparison task. Through this experiment we found that participants were able to reach task time thresholds between ~160–245 ms across all data sizes for bar and donut charts, while the radial bar chart threshold was considerably higher at 1550 ms.

Published
2018

44. Animated Edge Textures in Node-Link Diagrams: a Design Space and Initial Evaluation

Author

Hugo Romat, Nathalie Henry-Riche, Benjamin Bach, Caroline Appert, Emmanuel Pietriga, Interacting with Large Data (ILDA), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Human-Centered Computing (LRI) (HCC - LRI), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay, TecKnowMetrix, Entreprise privée, University of Edinburgh, Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Visual perception, Computer science, 05 social sciences, [INFO.INFO-WB]Computer Science [cs]/Web, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Animation, Link (geometry), Edge (geometry), 050105 experimental psychology, Trees, ACM Classification Keywords H52 Information Interfaces and Presentation (eg HCI): Graphical user interfaces (GUI) Author Keywords Node-link diagrams, Particles, Computer graphics (images), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Node (circuits), [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Networks, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract

International audience; Network edge data attributes are usually encoded using color, opacity, stroke thickness and stroke pattern, or some combination thereof. In addition to these static variables, it is also possible to animate dynamic particles flowing along the edges. This opens a larger design space of animated edge textures, featuring additional visual encodings that have potential not only in terms of visual mapping capacity but also playfulness and aesthetics. Such animated edge textures have been used in several commercial and design-oriented visualizations, but to our knowledge almost always in a relatively ad hoc manner. We introduce a design space and Web-based framework for generating animated edge textures, and report on an initial evaluation of particle properties – particle speed, pattern and frequency – in terms of visual perception.

Published
2018

45. Preparing for Perceptual Studies: Position and Orientation of Wrist-worn Smartwatches for Reading Tasks

Author

Blascheck, Tanja, Bezerianos, Anastasia, Besançon, Lonni, Lee, Bongshin, Isenberg, Petra, Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Interacting with Large Data (ILDA), Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], and Isenberg, Petra

Subjects
[SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, reading angle, study, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], [INFO.INFO-HC] Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], smartwatch
Abstract

International audience; Despite the increasing demand for data visualization on mobile devices with small displays, few guidelines exist for designing visualizations for this form factor. To conduct perceptual studies with smartwatches under realistic conditions , we first need to know how to position these devices in front of a viewer. We report the results of a study, in which we investigate how people hold their smartwatches to read information. This is the first in a series of studies we are conducting to understand the perception of visualizations on smartwatches. Our study results show that people hold their watches at a distance of 28 cm in front of them, at a pitch angle of ~50 degrees, and at an angle of ~10 degrees from the line of sight.

Published
2018

46. Immersive Analytics: An Introduction

Author

Tim Dwyer, Wolfgang Stuerzlinger, Karsten Klein, Kim Marriott, Bruce H. Thomas, Tobias Isenberg, Nathalie Henry Riche, Falk Schreiber, Monash University [Clayton], Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), The University of Sydney, Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research [Gatersleben] (IPK-Gatersleben), Department of Computer Science and Engineering [York], York University [Toronto], Centre Européen de Réalité Virtuelle (CERV), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB), Dwyer, Tim, Marriott, Kim, Isenberg, Tobias, Klein, Karsten, Riche, Nathalie, Schreiber, Falk, Stuerzlinger, Wolfgang, Thomas, Bruce H., and University of South Australia [Adelaide]

Subjects
Computer science, 05 social sciences, ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING, [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, Multi-sensory, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Research initiative, Data science, Immersive analytics, Multi sensory, Data analytics, 2D and 3D, ComputerApplications_MISCELLANEOUS, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Decision making, 050107 human factors, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS
Abstract

International audience; Immersive Analytics is a new research initiative that aims to remove barriers between people, their data and the tools they use for analysis and decision making. Here we clarify the aims of immersive analytics research, its opportunities and historical context, as well as providing a broad research agenda for the field. In addition, we review how the term immersion has been used to refer to both technological and psychological immersion, both of which are central to immersive analytics research.

Published
2018

47. Data Visualization on Mobile Devices

Author

Matthew Brehmer, Raimund Dachselt, Bongshin Lee, Ricardo Langner, Petra Isenberg, Eun Kyoung Choe, Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, and Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden)

Subjects
Multimedia, Computer science, business.industry, Data visualization, Mobile broadband, 05 social sciences, interaction, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, computer.software_genre, mobile visualization, visualization design, Visualization, mobile devices, Work (electrical), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], business, Mobile device, computer, 050107 human factors, Data journalism
Abstract

International audience; As mobile visualization is increasingly used and new mobile device form factors and hardware capabilities continuously emerge, it is timely to reflect on what has been discovered to date and to look into the future. This workshop will bring together researchers, designers, and practitioners from relevant application and research fields, including visualization, personal informatics, and data journalism. We will work on identifying a research agenda for mobile data visualization as well as to collect and propagate practical guidance for mobile visualization design. Our overarching goal is to bring us closer to making an effective use of ubiquitous mobile devices as data visualization platforms.

Published
2018

48. Mobiles as Portals for Interacting with Virtual Data Visualizations

Author

Michel Pahud, Eyal Ofek, Nathalie Henry Riche, Christophe Hurter, Jens Grubert, Microsoft Corporation [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Microsoft Research [Redmond], Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile (ENAC), and Coburg University of Applied Sciences and Arts

Subjects
Mobile Devices, FOS: Computer and information sciences, Window, ACM Classification Keywords H.5.2. Information interfaces and presentation: (e.g., HCI): Input, Data Visualization, ACM: H.: Information Systems/H.5: INFORMATION INTERFACES AND PRESENTATION (e.g., HCI)/H.5.2: User Interfaces, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Portal, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Compound Navigation, Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
Abstract

International audience; We propose a set of techniques leveraging mobile devices as lenses to explore, interact and annotate n-dimensional data visualizations. The democratization of mobile devices, with their arrays of integrated sensors, opens up opportunities to create experiences for anyone to explore and interact with large information spaces anywhere. In this paper, we propose to revisit ideas behind the Chameleon prototype of Fitzmaurice et al. initially envisioned in the 90s for navigation, before spatially-aware devices became mainstream. We also take advantage of other input modalities such as pen and touch to not only navigate the space using the mobile as a lens, but interact and annotate it by adding toolglasses.

Published
2018
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49. Small MultiPiles: Piling Time to Explore Temporal Patterns in Dynamic Networks

Author

J-D. Fekete, Tara M. Madhyastha, Nathalie Henry-Riche, Benjamin Bach, Thomas J. Grabowski, Tim Dwyer, Microsoft Research - Inria Joint Centre (MSR - INRIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Microsoft Research Laboratory Cambridge-Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Monash University [Clayton], University of Washington [Seattle], Analysis and Visualization (AVIZ), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)

Subjects
Theoretical computer science, Tempral Data, Dynamic networks, Computer science, Analogy, Brain connectivity, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Adjacency matrix, Networks, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Visualization
Abstract

International audience; We introduce MultiPiles, a visualization to explore time-series of dense, weighted networks. MultiPiles is based on the physical analogy of piling adjacency matrices, each one representing a single temporal snapshot. Common interfaces for visualizing dynamic networks use techniques such as: flipping/animation; small multiples; or summary views in isolation. Our proposed 'piling' metaphor presents a hybrid of these techniques, leveraging each one's advantages, as well as offering the ability to scale to networks with hundreds of temporal snapshots. While the MultiPiles technique is applicable to many domains, our prototype was initially designed to help neuroscien-tists investigate changes in brain connectivity networks over several hundred snapshots. The piling metaphor and associated interaction and visual encodings allowed neuroscientists to explore their data, prior to a statistical analysis. They detected high-level temporal patterns in individual networks and this helped them to formulate and reject several hypotheses.

Published
2015

50. Dynamics of Profit-Sharing Games

Author

Nick Gravin, Ning Chen, Dmitry Shiryaev, John Augustine, Edith Elkind, Angelo Fanelli, Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras), Nanayang Technological University (NTU), Computing Science Laboratory - Oxford University, University of Oxford, Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Nanayang Technological University, University of Oxford [Oxford], Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, [INFO.INFO-CC]Computer Science [cs]/Computational Complexity [cs.CC], TheoryofComputation_MISCELLANEOUS, Computer Science::Computer Science and Game Theory, Nash dynamics, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Submodular set function, symbols.namesake, Profit sharing, Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory, Price of anarchy, profit sharing, Price of stability, Mathematics, non-cooperative games, Non-cooperative game, Applied Mathematics, Stochastic game, TheoryofComputation_GENERAL, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Bounded rationality, cooperative games, Computer Science::Multiagent Systems, Computational Mathematics, Nash equilibrium, Modeling and Simulation, symbols, Mathematical economics, Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
Abstract

An important task in the analysis of multiagent systems is to understand how groups of selfish players can form coalitions, i.e., work together in teams. In this paper, we study the dynamics of coalition formation under bounded rationality. We consider settings whereby each team�s profit is given by a submodular function and propose three profit-sharing schemes, each of which is based on the concept of marginal utility. The agents are assumed to be myopic, i.e.they keep changing teams as long as they can increase their payoff by doing so. We study the properties (such as closeness to Nash equilibrium or total profit) of the states that result after a polynomial number of such moves, and prove bounds on the price of anarchy and the price of stability of the corresponding games � Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

Published
2014

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