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Copyright of Acta Zoologica Lilloana is the property of Fundacion Miguel Lillo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study investigated fluid dynamics in curved microchannels, exploring 3D printing parameters, channel geometry, and fluid properties, crucial for applications in medicine and energy. It highlighted the importance of microfluidics in handling small samples and enabling rapid analysis, stressing the need for precise measurement techniques to validate fluid velocity. Using 3D printing for microchannel design illustrated their utility, with microscopy aiding flow behavior comprehension. The research aimed to validate fluid velocity, covering technology analysis, microdevice design, fabrication, and measurement methodologies. It successfully fabricated microdevices confirming fluid movement via capillarity, revealing the relationship between channel radius and flow velocity. Distinct flow velocity patterns were observed, vital for design optimization. The study affirmed capillary flow as a spontaneous phenomenon, with fluid velocity variations along curved microchannels consistent with mass conservation principles in incompressible flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To determine the endoscopic sensitivity for each segment of the colon. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational and retrospective study performed in the Laboratory of Histopathology and Molecular Biology of the Hospital Ángeles del Carmen, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, with the histopathological tests practiced from January 2018 to October 2021 in patients with colorectal biopsies, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and simultaneously analyzed by four specialists in pathological anatomy by light microscopy. For statistical analysis of the data, Statgraphics 18 software was used to determine the sensitivity of histopathologic examination of each colonic segment. RESULTS: Histopathologic studies of colorectal biopsies from 130 patients diagnosed with microscopic colitis were reviewed. By segment alone, the sigmoid colon had the highest sensitivity, followed by the ascending colon and the descending colon. Collagenous colitis was more common in men than in women; mixed lymphocytic and microscopic colitis were more common in women. The mean ages for collagenous colitis, lymphocytic colitis, and mixed microscopic colitis were 50.7 ± 21.8, 50.44 ± 17.6, and 49.2 ± 23.3 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the high frequency of mixed microscopic colitis, it is important to consider it a subtype of microscopic colitis in future studies. Contrary to previous reports, the results of this study show that collagenous colitis is more common in men than in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and objective: Otosclerosis is a cause of hearing loss in young people, more frequently in women. Stapes surgery is a widely accepted corrective procedure, with the advent of technology and changes in technique, the question arises as to whether there are differences between them. Objective: To evaluate whether there are differences in hearing gain between techniques and approaches of stapes surgeries in patients with otosclerosis. Method: Demographic, clinical and surgical variables were collected. Descriptive statistics were applied. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for numerical variables, as well as the Kruskal Wallis test to compare differences in three or more groups. A p value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Between 2020 and 2023, 55 stapes surgeries were performed for otosclerosis, of which 20 had to be excluded. Of 35 surgeries in 31 patients, mean age 41.16 ± 8.64 years, 77.4% were women, 51.4% were in the right ear; Comorbidities were present in 25.7%, 5 complications presented hearing loss, in 88.6% of the procedures a satisfactory closure of the air-bone gap was found. There was no difference between stapes surgery techniques and postsurgical audiological results p=0.872, nor with the type of visualization approach p=0.636. Discussion: Our results are similar to what some authors found, however, there is still uncertainty about the best technique. Conclusions: No statistically significant differences were found in terms of hearing gain with the visualization approach and the type of procedure in the stapes for placement of the prosthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyckia, belonging to the Bromeliaceae, consists of species that share several morphological similarities. Recently, a proposal has grouped 13 species of the genus into a "D. selloa complex" based on their limited geographical distribution and seed characteristics. However, further investigation is required to gain a better understanding of this grouping. This study aimed to analyze the pollen grain morphology of the grouped species. The analysis was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as light microscopy equipped with bright field and fluorescence optics. Various structures were measured. The pollen grains are heteropolar, oblate, and range in size from small to medium. They possess a simple sulcus type and exhibit a sexine (composed of tectum and infratectum columellate) and a nexine 1. Different patterns of ornamentation were identified, including reticulate, microreticulate, reticulate with free granules, reticulate with a partially discontinuous reticulum, and reticulate with a discontinuous reticulum. The aperture margin of some species differs from the described characteristics for the genus (Puya type) and is referred to here as the "Other" type. The results align with existing data for the genus Dyckia and contribute to understanding the pollen morphology within the genus and the studied group. The data obtained in this study, along with the observed variations, could facilitate a better understanding of the "D. selloa complex". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presentamos un caso de leucemia mieloide aguda con diferenciación monocítica en un paciente varón de 58 años, captado por atención de emergencia en el Hospital Nacional Alberto Sabogal Sologuren. Se describen los hallazgos clínicos y de laboratorio del caso particular, con énfasis en la citomorfología y el inmunofenotipo. Asimismo, se hace una exposición general de la enfermedad y por tratarse de una neoplasia hematológica poco frecuente, se proponen recomendaciones para su identificación y reporte desde el laboratorio.

In this paper, the microscopy impact on several areas of knowledge is showed through a historical review of microscopy from its origins to the present, follow by a simple description of the optical microscope performance and comparison with the resolving power and cost of the modern electron microscopes. The results of the use of microscopy as a tool to know the microcosm are demonstrated with the important applications that have transcended directly from the scientific to the social field. In conclusion, the window opened by microscopy not only allows us to see beyond the obvious as the fascinating images of the microcosm, but its development has had a transcendental impact on humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Medica Colombiana is the property of Acta Medica Colombiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se presenta el impacto que tiene la microscopía en varias áreas del conocimiento a través de una reseña sobre su historia desde sus orígenes hasta la actualidad, además se describe de forma sencilla el funcionamiento del microscopio óptico y se compara con los modernos microscopios electrónicos respecto a su poder de resolución y costo. Los resultados del uso de la microscopía como herramienta para entender el microcosmos se demuestran con importantes aplicaciones que transcienden del ámbito científico al social directamente. En conclusión, la ventana que se abrió con la microscopía no sólo nos permite ver más allá de lo evidente como las imágenes fascinantes del microcosmos, sino que su desarrollo ha tenido un impacto trascendental en la humanidad.

La Microsporidiosis es una infección humana oportunista emergente, capaz de producir desde una infección localizada hasta una infección sistémica, el objetivo fue detectar la presencia de Microsporidios en muestras de heces de pacientes VIH positivos con síndrome diarreico en el Hospital “Dr. José Daniel Rodríguez” de Guayaquil, 2021-2022. Se estudiaron 87 pacientes mediante el método de microscopía óptica, con tinción Gram Chromotropo rápido-caliente, el análisis de resultados se efectuó a través de estadística descriptiva, además se utilizó Excel y SPSS. Del total de individuos estudiados se encontraron 13 (14,9%) pacientes positivos para Microsporidios y 74 (85,1%) no presentaron esporas. Con relación al nivel de educación 8 (61,5%) tienen primaria y 5 secundaria (38,5%), estado civil 10(76.9%) solteros y 3(23,1%) casados, la mayor concentración está en Guayaquil 8(6,5%), Durán 1(7,7%), Esmeralda 1(7,7%) y de Riobamba 3(23,1%). Los niveles de LTCD4+, 7(53,85%) pacientes presentaron por debajo de 500 células xml3 y 6 (46,15%) superior a 500 células xml3, en cuanto a la carga viral 13 (100%) son detectables y con respecto al tipo de diarrea 13(100%) presentaron diarrea crónica. En conclusión, el método de microscopía óptica utilizando tinción Gram Chromotropo rápido-caliente permitió detectar esporas de microsporidios demostrando alta sensibilidad y especificidad

A historical outline is provided about the pictorial representation of exochorions within Lepidoptera, in selected scientific treatises by prelinnean authors (Aldrovandi, Moffet, Hooke, Malphigi, Merian, Swammerdam, Harris, and Scudder), between 1602 and 1889. Subsequently, a selection of direct precedents in the research line of Llorente-Bousquets and cols. is referred to and commented upon, organized by their associated styles of production (chirography, photography and scanning electron microscope SEM), in order to compare and discuss their respective contributions to exochorionic studies of Papilionoidea (Insecta: Lepidoptera). The D&G+ model of epistemic virtues is revisited as a demarcation criterion for scientific images, to which two components are added: Natural-Objective Mode (MON) and Collaborative Principle of Representational Division of Labor (PCDTR). PCDTR is proposed as a general axiological meta-criterion in the epistemological analysis and evaluation of scientific images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A glândula pineal (GP), integrante do epitálamo, mostra-se sensível à luz e, nos vertebrados, secreta melatonina, na ausência de luminosidade. Este hormônio parece interferir na adaptação das funções reprodutivas às condições de luminosidade, especialmente, em animais que se reproduzem sazonalmente como os equinos, possibilitando o parto em épocas de clima mais quente e favorável à disponibilidade de alimentos. Diante disso, objetivou-se avaliar e descrever os componentes ultraestruturais da GP de 24 éguas, distribuídas em duas fases: estação de monta e anestro fisiológico, cada uma com 2 grupos (3-8 e 15-20 anos). A GP foi retirada após o abate dos animais e processada em etapas de fixação, secções histológicas e colorações. A análise do material processado foi realizada utilizando-se microscopia de luz e de transmissão. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística. A GP foi encontrada no plano sagital mediano, dorsocaudalmente à aderência intertalâmica e ventralmente ao esplênio do corpo caloso, apresentando formato ovoide ou piriforme. Estava envolvida por cápsula de tecido conjuntivo, da qual partem septos que, acompanhados por vasos sanguíneos, dividem o parênquima em lóbulos. Os principais componentes glandulares foram pinealócitos e astrócitos. Concreções calcárias foram evidenciadas no núcleo e no citoplasma de pinealócitos, bem como no espaço extracelular de todas as GPs, independentemente da idade e/ou fase reprodutiva. Por outro lado, animais em anestro fisiológico apresentaram maior número de pinealócitos.

Com o advento do laser na década de 1960, novas técnicas de microscopia foram desenvolvidas, algumas possibilitando inclusive a obtenção de imagens com superresolução. Neste cenário, a técnica SPIFI (SPatIal Frequency-modulated Imaging), tem se destacado por apresentar uma montagem óptica relativamente simples, com rápida aquisição de imagens e ser adequada para meios espalhadores. Esta técnica de imageamento utiliza uma linha focal como fonte de luz na amostra e realiza a detecção por meio de um único fotodetector. A linha focal é modulada em intensidade por uma máscara giratória (retículo de Lovell), codificando cada trecho da linha com uma frequência diferente. A deconvolução do sinal SPIFI coletado pelo fotodetector, realizada por meio de uma Transformada de Fourier (FFT), permite obter o sinal no domínio das frequências, indicando a intensidade luminosa para cada trecho da linha focal. A composição da imagem do objeto pode então ser obtida pela varredura desta linha focal sobre a amostra. O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar esta técnica de fronteira com uma montagem simplificada, que pode ser desenvolvida em laboratórios de ensino, tornando-a mais acessível, porém ainda com os benefícios inerentes da técnica SPIFI.

Introdução: Microvestígios consistem em materiais de natureza diversa que podem ser encontrados em cenas de crime, sendo dificilmente visíveis a olho nu, em função das suas dimensões submilimétricas, submicroscópicas ou microscópicas. Objetivos: Este trabalho teve como objetivo abordar as características dos principais tipos de microvestígios encontrados em cenas de crime. Material e Métodos: Como metodologia de pesquisa, procuraram-se publicações exclusivamente no formato de artigos científicos, indexadas às bases Web of Science e ScienceDirect, utilizando os termos microtrace e trace evidence. Resultados: Os microvestígios apresentam classificação quanto à sua origem orgânica (impressões digitais, diesel e biodiesel, cabelos, madeira, microscópicos de origem vegetal e fibras naturais), inorgânica natural (microfósseis, minerais e solos) e inorgânica antrópica (tijolos, tintas, vidros, plásticos, fibras sintéticas, resíduos de disparo de armas de fogo e papéis), e podem revelar informações cruciais em cenas de crime, dependendo da técnica utilizada no seu processamento (e.g., plasma indutivamente acoplado, espectroscopia de infravermelho, cromatografia gasosa e líquida, micro espectroscopia Raman). Neste sentido, os laboratórios devem cumprir requisitos específicos, independentemente da técnica analítica a ser utilizada, para extrair informações idóneas dos microvestígios. Estes requisitos consistem em: 1) Precisão, 2) Sensibilidade, 3) Unicidade, 4) Associação, 5) Rapidez e simplicidade, 6) Versatilidade, 7) Confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade, 8) Rastreabilidade, 9) Acessibilidade e 10) Disponibilidade de dados. Conclusões: O presente trabalho evidenciou a diversidade e a importância dos microvestígios, uma vez que a extração de informações dos mesmos pode-lhes conferir grande potencial como prova material em investigações criminais, dependendo dos métodos de recolha aplicados e das técnicas utilizadas no seu exame laboratorial.

The dental microscope has been used since ancient times, to magnify our vision giving the opportunity to perform analysis and methods with greater precision, it has been worked in stereoscopic vision and coaxial illumination, helping in the diagnosis of pathologies, elimination of calcifications, as well as the vision with accuracy of instruments that are trapped in the dental pieces. It allows the study and localization of minute structures at the radicular level, this instrument has allowed the professional to generate a better position in terms of hands, back, head, neck with a good position of the operator, microscope and patient. The use of the microscope in endodontics has technical advantages for the operator and advantages for the patients, which is important at the time of performing a treatment and diagnosing a dental condition. In root canal treatment it is necessary to have good instruments. The anatomy of the root canal of the maxillary molars is considerably complicated, so there have been high levels of failure of endodontic treatment of teeth that have the second mesiobuccal canal. The use of microscope and other devices may explain the higher detection rate of additional canals and improve the quality of treatment. The present study was conducted with the aim of describing the benefits of the use of the microscope in the field of endodontics. A total of 41 articles were reviewed.

Objetivos. Verificar la adhesión del biofilm de C. Albicans a los aparatos de ortodoncia fijos. Métodos. 300 brackets metálicos (mc), cerámicos (cb) y autoligables (slb), alambres de níquel-titanio (niti) y níquelcromo (nicr) .014”, .018”, .018” x.025” y ligaduras elásticas (ec) y metálicas (ssl), formaron 30 grupos (n=10). Los materiales se colocaron en placas de cultivo celular de 24 pocillos, se contaminaron con 100 μl de la suspensión estandarizada de células de C. Albicans (106 células/ml). El número de unidades formadoras de colonias (ufc/ml) en log10 se analizó estadísticamente (anova, prueba de tukey, p

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study aimed to characterize the anatomy and histochemistry of the stem and leaves of Jasminum azoricum L. Thus, semi-permanent slides were prepared containing transverse sections of the stem and leaf, in addition to paradermal sections of the leaf blade, analyzed by optical microscopy. Histochemical tests were also carried out in order to verify the site of accumulation of chemical constituents in cross-sections of the leaf blade. The anatomical characterizations allowed the identification of important characteristics to distinguish the species and the histochemistry revealed the sites of synthesis and/or storage of the metabolites. The results found help to identify the species studied and point out possible metabolites that have considerable medicinal properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ipomoea hederifolia L. is a herbaceous vine native to the tropical Americas with important medicinal properties. Was realized a pharmacobotanical study of the leaves and stems of this species, performing macroscopic and microscopic morphodiagnoses and histochemical tests. Anatomical characteristics typical of the family Convolvulaceae were found. However, the epidermis and its appendages (e.g. striated cuticle and peltate trichomes) and the anatomy of the petiole and the stem presented relevant characters for the taxonomic recognition of the species. Histochemical tests evidenced the presence of lignin and cutin and positive reactions for starch, phenolic compounds, and proteins. The anatomy and the histochemical tests indicated a set of characteristics relevant to the pharmacobotanical characterization of I. hederifolia, expanding our knowledge of the species and providing subsidies for the quality control of its vegetal products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of the laser in the 1960s, new microscopy techniques were developed, some of which even made it possible to obtain superresolved images. In this scenario, the SPIFI (SPatIal Frequency-modulated Imaging) technique has stood out for presenting a relatively simple optical assembly, with fast image acquisition and being suitable for scattering media. This imaging technique uses a focal line as a light source on the sample and performs detection using a single photodetector. The focal line is modulated in intensity by a rotating mask (Lovell reticle), encoding each part of the line with a different frequency. The deconvolution of the SPIFI signal collected by the photodetector, performed using a Fourier Transform (FFT), allows for obtaining the signal in the frequency domain, indicating the luminous intensity for each section of the focal line. The composition of the object image can then be obtained by scanning this focal line over the sample. The present study aims to present this frontier technique with a simplified assembly, which can be developed in teaching laboratories, making it more accessible, but still with the inherent benefits of the SPIFI technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agronomía & Ambiente is the property of Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universidad Médica Pinareña is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Humana is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomedicas de la Universidad Ricardo Palma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La leucemia mieloide crónica (LMC) es una enfermedad mieloproliferativa frecuente en adultos, caracterizada por una sobreproducción de granulocitos en médula ósea a consecuencia de la translocación t(9:22)(q34;q11), conocida como cromosoma Filadelfia. Presentamos un caso de LMC en un paciente varón de 12 años, captado por atención ambulatoria en el Hospital Nacional Alberto Sabogal Sologuren. Se describen los hallazgos clínicos y de laboratorio del caso. Asimismo, se hace una exposición general de la enfermedad y se comentan las diferencias entre la LMC del adulto y del niño, por tratarse de una neoplasia poco frecuente en pacientes pediátricos.

Biocorrosion is caused by microorganisms and affects the integrity of metals. On the other hand, bioprotection is the relationship between multiple mechanisms, metal / biota / electrolyte, which cause a synergistic effect in the inhibition of corrosion. In this work, the relationship between the bacteria Nitrobacter, Bacillius Subitilis and Arthrobacter and the antibiotic amoxicillin with clavulanic acid in the corrosion control of steel 1018 in purified water is reported. In a visual inspection and with the stereoscopic microscope it was observed that steel 1018 after 17 days of exposure to the aqueous corrosive medium, presented less corrosion damage when the bacteria and the antibiotic were present compared to the systems steel / purified water, steel / purified water + bacteria and steel / purified water + antibiotic. These results may be due to a synergy between the bacteria and the antibiotic, in which the bacteria modify the oxygen concentration and pH in the medium, and the antibiotic is adsorbed on the metal surface acting as a corrosion inhibitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnAl2O4 doped with various concentration (x) of Fe3+ were prepared using the Pechini synthesis. In the first set of samples, Fe3+ substituted Al3+ to create a system of the form ZnAl(2−x)Fex3+O4 (x = 0–0.08). To study the effect of charge compensation, Fe3+ substituted Zn2+ to create Zn(1−x)Fex3+Al2O4 (x = 0.05) system. The structure and particle morphology of the phosphors were studied using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and field emission scanning electron spectroscopy, respectively. From the XRD data, the oxygen parameter and the inversion degrees were estimated. The elemental composition and electronic states of the phosphors were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS results showed that part of the Fe3+ were reduced to Fe2+ in the doped samples. Both photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence properties of the phosphors were also studied. Luminescence excitations using a xenon lamp and X-ray showed two broad emission bands located around 470 and 730 nm, and were ascribed to Fe ions occupying the tetrahedral (tet) and the octahedral (oct) sites in ZnAl2O4, respectively. A change in the lifetime of these two emission bands upon Fe doping further confirmed the existence of Fe in the tet and oct sites in the ZnAl(2−x)Fex3+O4 matrix. Resumen: Se preparó ZnAl2O4 dopado con varias concentraciones (x) de Fe3+ usando la síntesis de Pechini. En el primer conjunto de muestras, Fe3+ sustituyó Al3+ para crear un sistema de la forma ZnAl(2−x)Fex3+O4 (x = 0 a 0,08). Para estudiar el efecto de la compensación de carga, Fe3+ sustituyó Zn2+ para crear el sistema Zn(1−x)Fex3+Al2O4 (x = 0,05). La estructura y la morfología de las partículas de los fósforos se estudiaron utilizando un difractómetro de rayos X (XRD) y espectroscopía electrónica de barrido de emisión de campo, respectivamente. A partir de los datos XRD se estimaron el parámetro de oxígeno y los grados de inversión. La composición elemental y los estados electrónicos de los fósforos se analizaron mediante espectroscopía de fotoelectrones de rayos X (XPS). Los resultados de XPS mostraron que parte de Fe3+ se redujo a Fe2+ en las muestras dopadas. También se estudiaron las propiedades de fotoluminiscencia y catodoluminiscencia de los fósforos. Las excitaciones de luminiscencia usando una lámpara de xenón y rayos X mostraron dos amplias bandas de emisión ubicadas alrededor de 470 y 730 nm, y se atribuyeron a iones Fe que ocupan los sitios tetraédricos (tet) y octaédrico (oct) en ZnAl2O4, respectivamente. Un cambio en la vida útil de estas dos bandas de emisión después del dopaje con Fe confirmó aún más la existencia de Fe en los sitios tet y oct en la matriz ZnAl(2−x)Fex3+O4.

El presente trabajo expone el contexto histórico y estado de conservación de la piedra fundacional de la iglesia colonial de San Blas, edificio antecesor del existente. Al tratarse de un artefacto imprescindible para comprender la historia local y la lógica de aprovechamiento de los recursos del territorio, se recurre a diversos procesos investigativos para la determinación de su origen geológico y estado de conservación. La investigación bibliográfica y analítica mediante técnicas no invasivas (tomografía computarizada multicorte, petrografía mediante lámina delgada, microdifracción de rayos X, microscopía electrónica de barrido y fotogrametría), permiten determinar que, se trata de una caliza bioclástica de color amarillento posiblemente procedente de la formación Loyola (El Descanso, Azuay, Ecuador), aunque tiene semejanza con otras rocas como las areniscas o las lutitas. En su estado actual es un monolito compacto, sin fracturas internas o externas, pese a la irregularidad de las superficies y las condiciones agrestes a las cuales se enfrentó por varias décadas. Este marco proyecta un contexto de conservación preventiva capaz de catalogar y valorar afecciones desde la relación gravedad-probabilidad.

This paper reports a bright field polarimetric microscope's numerical simulation in a web application. In the main interface or layout of this software, the user can interact with the elements that compose a polarimetric microscope, such as the polarization-states generators and analyzers, the Jones matrices that make up the sample, the optical magnification of the imaging system, the numerical aperture of the instrument, and the wavelength of the illumination source. The web application includes two more layouts for experimental or synthetic data post-processing. The first one allows the computing of the dichroic response of a microscopic sample. The second layout allows computing the Stokes parameters of a light beam and its general, linear, and circular degree of polarization. The ease of use and its cross-platform portability establish our web application as a valuable tool for different teaching and research applications in the field of microscopy and polarimetry of biological samples. This web application can be accessed freely in[1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción. Dadas las dificultades del diagnóstico microscópico de la malaria o paludismo en las áreas rurales, las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido constituyen una buena alternativa, por lo que es importante conocer su desempeño. Objetivo. Evaluar el desempeño de las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido utilizadas en cinco departamentos para al diagnóstico microscópico de la malaria usando la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) como estándar de referencia. Materiales y métodos. Se usaron la prueba de gota gruesa y las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido y, además, se impregnó papel de filtro con sangre para la prueba molecular (PCR), en individuos sintomáticos. Resultados. Se incluyeron 314 muestras cuyo porcentaje de positividad para malaria fue de 49 % con la PCR, de 48 % con microscopía y de 46 % con las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido; la parasitemia fluctuó entre 180 y 23.800 parásitos/μl de sangre. La concordancia de los resultados de los puestos de microscopía comparados con la PCR (Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia) fueron los siguientes: coeficiente kappa de Cohen de 0,975 (IC95% 0,950-0,999), sensibilidad de 97 % (IC95% 95-100) y especificidad de 100 % (IC95% 100-100), e índice kappa de especie de 0,958 (IC95% 0,912-1,00). La concordancia de los resultados de la prueba de diagnóstico rápido Pf/Pv en los puestos de microscopía y los de la PCR (Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia), fue la siguiente: coeficiente kappa de 0,878 (IC95% 0,784-0,973), sensibilidad de 94 % (IC95% 87-100), especificidad de 95 % (IC95% 90-100), e índice kappa de especie de 1,0 (IC95% 1,00-1,00). La concordancia entre la prueba de diagnóstico rápido Pf/Pan y la PCR fue la siguiente: coeficiente kappa de Cohen de 0,920 (IC95% 0,865-0,974), sensibilidad de 94 % (IC95% 90-98), especificidad de 99 % (IC95% 95-100), e índice kappa de especie de 0,750 (IC95% 0,637-0,863). Conclusión. Los resultados de este estudio respaldan el uso de las pruebas de diagnóstico rápido en Colombia, aunque se requiere un mejor entrenamiento del personal para diferenciar eficientemente las especies de Plasmodium.

The bacterial flora developed in surgical-type disposable facial masks was qualitatively evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which were used by healthy subjects in time periods of 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. The study showed that as the time periods of use of the masks increased, increases were observed in the bacterial flora developed on the mesh in contact with the face and mouth of the volunteers, with a predominance of structures compatible with bacteria, especially of coccoid shapes. It is presumed that the different morphotypes observed in the internal part of the mask belong to the oropharyngealmicrobiota of the individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinary lithiasis has been reported as a problem that affects humankind since ancient times and has been described in several animal species. The condition is a consequence of other diseases that may be present in the urinary system or related to other body disorders. The stone composition needs to be analyzed to identify the possible causes that led to the formation and development of uroliths. For this, several techniques are currently available, some of which are promptly accessible, while others are not. Thus, this literature review aimed to perform a brief introduction on urolithiasis, present the most used techniques in the analysis of the composition of canine and feline uroliths and point out the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO (Protocolo de Preparação de Amostras de Desmídias (Desmidiaceae, Zygnematophyceae) para Estudos Morfológicos por meio de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura). A microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) é uma ferramenta robusta no estudo de algas microscópicas, a exemplo das desmídias (Desmidiaceae, Zygnematophyceae), auxiliando na interpretação da ornamentação na parede celular, tendo em vista o uso desta como característica taxonômica. Apesar disto, nem sempre é fácil obter um bom processamento do material para análise em MEV, devido a problemas com mucilagem presente nas células, obtenção de material representativo no stub, e tempo de desidratação. Portanto, adequamos um protocolo barato, com ausência de distorção da célula e de rápido processamento (dois dias) para análise de desmídias em MEV. O material foi obtido a partir de amostras fixadas em solução de Transeau, lavado com Brometo de cetiltrimetilamônio para remover a mucilagem das células, concentrado em lamínula tendo a Poly-L-lisina como adesivo, e desidratado em série gradual crescente de Acetona. Os resultados são comparados com outros estudos realizados para o grupo

Resumo: Introdução: A patologia é uma disciplina básica que exerce o link entre ciclos básicos e clínico-cirúrgicos. A partir do início de 2020, com a pandemia provocada pela síndrome respiratória aguda grave do coronavírus 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 - Sars-CoV-2) e a implantação do ensino remoto emergencial (ERE), o curso de patologia em nossa instituição sofreu alterações e adaptações. O presente trabalho tem como objetivos relatar as atividades desenvolvidas em nossa faculdade para o ensino da patologia geral, dentro do contexto do ERE, e discutir como parte dessas estratégias poderá ser incorporada após o término da pandemia. Relato de experiência: Para o ensino das alterações macroscópicas, utilizamos discussões com peças cirúrgicas filmadas, enquanto as alterações microscópicas foram desenvolvidas no chamado “Projeto Atlas”. Discussão: Nosso projeto foi bem dinâmico com grande aceitação por parte dos alunos que tiveram atitudes mais proativas, principalmente em relação ao estudo dos casos de microscopia. As estratégias também se prestaram muito bem como forma de avaliação formativa. Conclusão: Muitas das estratégias que têm sido desenvolvidas por diferentes grupos de professores neste momento da pandemia trouxeram alternativas muito interessantes que devem ser incorporadas ao curso mesmo quando ele voltar a ser presencial. Peças filmadas contemplaram o estudo da macroscopia durante esse período de restrições e podem ser incorporadas à rotina presencial, intercalando com as técnicas utilizadas anteriormente. Já o “Projeto Atlas” foi uma experiência positiva, ressaltando o papel do aluno como protagonista do seu processo de ensino/aprendizagem e o trabalho em pequenos grupos como pontos principais.

[ES] Esta contribución trata la categorización de los materiales científico-didácticos que se utilizaron para la enseñanza de la vida en las aulas, gabinetes y laboratorios de algunos de los centros educativos históricos de España. Bajo un enfoque multidisciplinar entre la biología y la historia de la educación, se estudia la génesis, características de fabricación, funcionalidad y usos didácticos de estos materiales. Desde la idea del “objeto fósil o huella”, establecemos un punto de partida para proponer una taxonomía del material que tenga en cuenta su uso en el aula diferenciando entre material representativo, colecciones de seres vivos, instrumental óptico y de experimentación. [EN] This contribution deals with the categorization of scientific-didactic materials used for the teaching of life in classrooms, cabinets and laboratories in several historical educational centres of Spain. We study the genesis, manufacturing characteristics, functionality and didactical use of these materials. A multidisciplinary approach between biology and history of education. From the idea of the “fossil object” or “footprint object” we establish a starting point to create a taxonomy of the scientific teaching material, differentiating between representative material, collections of living organisms (or parts of them) and instruments (optical and experimental).

La trazabilidad en mediciones superficiales de micro y nanoestructuras es condición ineludible para garantizar la calidad en proyectos de innovación, investigación y desarrollo en el espectro disciplinar que abarca las ciencias químicas, biológicas, de materiales, siendo además un requisito para mediciones de rugosidad en la industria. La confiabilidad metrológica (ISO 10012) presupone el uso de instrumentos calibrados, patrones trazables, procedimientos de medición validados y balances de incertidumbre. Estos requerimientos no son habituales en microscopía y representa una debilidad a subsanar. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de la intercomparación de mediciones de textura superficial en patrones 2D y 3D con cuatro tipos de instrumentos: Rugosímetro, Microscopio Confocal, Microscopio de Fuerza Atómica y Microscopio Electrónico de Barrido. Las evaluaciones de conformidad (ISO 17043) mediante la comparación de los errores normalizados (En), que ponderan los efectos sistemáticos y sus incertidumbres, convalidan el uso de los microscopios como instrumentos metrológicos.

Avocado is a fruit rich in monounsaturated fats. Dairy whey has an emulsifying action and its combination with other natural components can be potentiated by forming new products that are stable and attractive to the consumer. The present study evaluated whether the avocado pulp can act as an emulsifying agent in the oil phase of an emulsion for food purposes. A basic emulsion was prepared with and without the avocado pulp. These emulsions were pasteurized and microfluidized (Mixer and Turrax). Stability tests (with and without temperature variations) and storage condition, flow test, lyophilization, characterization of samples by particle size and microscopic analysis were performed. The results showed that the stability of the emulsion with avocado was lower than the base emulsion. In the study of flow the samples of the emulsions with avocado had a greater amount of mass lost. It has been proven that there was an increase in viscosity by the emulsifying action from the avocado pulp and a reduction in the particle size of that emulsion occurred

Introdução: Atualmente, a alface (Lactuca sativa L.) destaca-se por ser a folhosa mais consumida no Brasil. Em saúde pública, grande parte dos agentes etiológicos de enfermidades entéricas é veiculada por meio de hortaliças, legumes e frutas contaminadas. Objetivo: Verificar a qualidade de alfaces, através da análise microscópica, comparando os resultados dos diferentes tipos de cultivo e da alface minimamente processada. Método: Foram analisadas 84 amostras de alfaces produzidas por três métodos de cultivo (tradicional, orgânico, hidropônico) e alfaces minimamente processadas, comercializadas em municípios das regiões nordeste e metropolitana do estado de São Paulo. Realizou-se primeiramente a pesquisa de matérias estranhas macroscópicas e, para verificar a presença de estruturas parasitárias e outras matérias estranhas microscópicas, foi utilizada a técnica de sedimentação espontânea. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que as amostras de alfaces dos três tipos de cultivo apresentaram alta ocorrência de matérias estranhas (total de 87,0% de amostras positivas), bem como presença de parasitas (total de 20,0% de amostras positivas). Em relação às alfaces minimamente processadas, a porcentagem de positividade para presença de matérias estranhas e parasitas foi de 58,0%. Conclusões: Os resultados do presente estudo alertam para a importância dos procedimentos de higienização dos diferentes tipos de cultivo de alface previamente ao seu consumo. Em relação às alfaces minimamente processadas, os resultados demonstram que devem ser tomadas ações corretivas no processo de sanitização por parte dos produtores e/ou comerciantes. Quanto às análises laboratoriais, ainda se faz necessário o aprimoramento constante de métodos analíticos que possibilitem melhor detecção de parasitas em alimentos.

This article summarizes the motivation, the experimental procedures and the main results of the thesis awarded with the 7th Justianiano Casas Award. Within the thesis, different strategies based on timeresolved microscopy were developed and applied to the study of changes occurring at the surface of materials upon femtosecond laser excitation. First, this optical pump-and-probe technique is applied to the study of the ablation dynamics of lithium niobate, a crystalline dielectric material with numerous applications in optics and photonics. Second, the transformation dynamics of a phosphate glass was investigated upon irradiation with sub-ablative laser pulse fluences, leading to the formation of a permanent heat affected layer. To this end, a fiber-based optical delay line was developed, enabling to explore delays up to 0.5 µs. Third and last, an optical method capable of simultaneously fabricating laser-induced periodic structures and resolving spatially and temporally their formation process is reported. The results presented in this thesis demonstrate the huge potential of time-resolved pumpprobe microscopy for revealing the process dynamics of a multitude of material modification processes upon femtosecond laser excitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal is the property of Revista Brasileira de Reproducao Animal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)