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A new species of Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitoid wasp, Microgaster godzilla Fernandez-Triana & Kamino, is described from Japan. From a biological and morphological perspective this is a very unusual species. It represents only the third known microgastrine to be aquatic, and the first one to be found entering the water. The female wasp searches for its hosts, aquatic larvae of Elophila turbata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), mostly by walking over floating plants, but occasionally diving underwater for several seconds to force the larva out of its case, when it is quickly parasitized (parasitization was always observed above water). The unique searching behaviour of M. godzilla as well as its parasitization of aquatic larvae was filmed and it is presented here. The wasp has simple tarsal claws, which are elongate and strongly curved, similar to those found in the related genus Hygroplitis; they seem to represent an adaptation for gripping to the substrate when entering the water. The new species is described based on morphological, molecular (DNA barcoding), biological and ethological data. Additionally, we provide detailed diagnoses to recognize M. godzilla from all other described species of Microgaster and Hygroplitis in the Palearctic, Nearctic and Oriental regions.

Microgaster messoria Haliday, 1834 Material examined: MALTA, Il-Fawwara limits of Għajn Tuffieħa, 29. iii.2006, 1 ♀, emerged from Avaria hyerana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), MZ, NMS; Mgarr, 15. xii.2013, 1 ♂ & 2♀♀, from Cydia amplana, MZ, DMC, NMS [parasitoids identified by Mark Shaw; hosts identified by Michael Zerafa]. Notes: This is a solitary koinobionnt endoparasitoid of Lepidoptera larvae including Tortricidae, Gracillaridae and Crambidae among others (Vance, 1932; Yu et al., 2012; Shaw, 2012). The M. messoria larva undergoes three instars in which it feeds on the host internally. It then emerges from the host and feeds on it externally during its final instar prior to constructing its cocoon (Vance, 1932, as M. tibialis)., Published as part of Mifsud, David, Farrugia, Lucia & Shaw, Mark R., 2019, Braconid and ichneumonid (Hymenoptera) parasitoid wasps of Lepidoptera from the Maltese Islands, pp. 47-60 in Zootaxa 4567 (1) on page 57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4567.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/2593032, {"references":["Vance, A. M. (1932) Microgaster tibialis Nees as a hymenopterous parasite of Pyrausta nubialis Hubn. in Europe. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 25 (1), 121 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 25.1.121","Yu, D. S., Achterberg, K. van & Horstmann, K. (2012) World Ichneumonidae 2012. Taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution. Taxapad. Available from: http: // www. taxapad. com / (accessed 20 December 2018)","Shaw, M. R. (2012) Notes on some European Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in the National Museums of Scotland, with twenty species new to Britain, new host data, taxonomic changes and remarks, and descriptions of two new species of Microgaster Latreille. Entomologist's Gazette, 63, 173 - 201."]}

Microgaster deprimator (FABRICIUS 1798) Material: dist. Gusar, 8-10.VII.1960, 2 ������, leg. Abdinbekova, dist. Mardakert (now Aghdere), 4. V.1966, 3 ������, leg. Abdinbekova, dist. Kirovabad (now Ganja), 3.VIII.1966, 2 ������, leg. Abdinbekova, dist. Khanlar (now Goygol), 3.VIII.1966, 1 ���, leg. Abdinbekova, dist. Yardimly, 29. VI.1966, 1 ���, leg. Abdinbekova. Host: Cucullia scrophulariae (DEN. & SCHIFF.), Autographa gamma L. (Noctuidae) TOBIAS et al. 1986). Distribution: Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Iran,South Caucasus, Azerbaijan (ABDINBEKOVA 1975)., Published as part of Abdinbekova, Arifa, Huseynova, Ellada & Kerimova, Ilhama, 2017, Braconidae (Hymenoptera) in the collection of the Institute of Zoology, NAS of Azerbaijan Republic Part V. Subfamilies Chardichilinae, Microgasterinae and Miracinae, pp. 363-382 in Beitr��ge Zur Entomologie = Contributions to Entomology 67 (2) on page 368, DOI: 10.21248/contrib.entomol.67.2.363-381, http://zenodo.org/record/5742483, {"references":["TOBIAS, V. I.; BELOKOBILSKIY, A. G. & KOTENKO, A. G. 1986: Pereponchatokriliye. T. III: Opredelitel Nasekomikh Evropeyskoy Chasti SSSR. [in Russian]. - Nauka, Leningrad: 501 pp.","ABDINBEKOVA, A. A. 1975: Braconidy (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), Azerbaijana (in Russian). - Baku: 324 pp."]}

In his five publications Nees (1811–1834) described 263 braconid species originating mainly from Germany and, less in number, from a further seven countries in Europe. The braconid species were assigned to 19 genera: twelve have been created by him and the rest (seven genera) by three other authors. The majority of the species (218) remained valid, the rest of the names (45) were placed in synonymy (by other authors). By his descriptions the species and genera are more or less recognizable, nevertheless their redescriptions are promoting their unambiguous recognition. In the first checklist provided, the genera and species are presented following Nees’s original denominations and the current valid generic and species names are listed (denoted by an equals (=) sign). In the second checklist, the current valid generic and species names are compared with the original generic and species names. In the third checklist, the braconid species of 16 other authors included in Nees five publications are listed. New author’s names for three species are provided: Doryctes leucogaster Ziegler, 1834 ( Bacon ), Microgaster nigricans Gyllenhal, 1834 and Microplitis sordipes (Ziegler, 1834) ( Microgaster ); the author of these three species was Nees. The Nees Collection (braconid and other material) was destroyed at the end of the Second World War.

Microgaster rufipes Nees, 1834 Distribution in Iran. Guilan (Ghahari et al. 2010 a). Distribution outside Iran. China, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, UK (Yu et al. 2012) Host records. Acrobasis consociella, Archips rosana, Caloptilia alchimiella, Platyptilia gonodactyla, P. nemoralis, Triedris paleana (Yu et al. 2012)., Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Ghahari, Hassan & Peris-Felipo, Francisco Javier, 2015, Catalogue of the Iranian Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4043 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4043.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/289993, {"references":["Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Erdogan, O. C., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H. (2010 a) A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran. Linzer biologische Beitrage, 42 (1), 621 - 634.","Yu, D. S., Achterberg, C. van & Horstmann, K. (2012) Taxapad 2012, Ichneumonoidea 2011, Database on flash-drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada."]}

Microgaster australis Thomson, 1895 Distribution in Iran. Fars (Lashkari Bod et al. 2011). Distribution outside Iran. Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, former Yugoslavia (Yu et al. 2012), Cyprus, Turkey (Papp 2007), Sweden (Thomson 1895). Host records. Charcarodus alcaea, Pyrgus armoricanus, P. onopordi, P. serratulae, Syrictus proto, Tuttia tessellum (Yu et al. 2012)., Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Ghahari, Hassan & Peris-Felipo, Francisco Javier, 2015, Catalogue of the Iranian Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4043 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4043.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/289993, {"references":["Thomson, C. G. (1895) LII. Bigrad till Braconidernas Kannedom. Opuscula entomologica, 20, 1 - 2452. [Lund]","Lashkari Bod, A., Rakhshani, E., Talebi, A. A., Lozan, A. & Zikic, V. (2011) A contribution to the knowledge of Braconidae (Hym., Ichneumonoidea) of Iran. Biharean Biologist, 5 (2), 147 - 150.","Yu, D. S., Achterberg, C. van & Horstmann, K. (2012) Taxapad 2012, Ichneumonoidea 2011, Database on flash-drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.","Papp, J. (2007) Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from Greece, 6. Notes Fauniques de Gembloux, 60 (3), 99 - 127."]}

Microgaster globata (L., 1758) Distribution in Iran. Isfahan (Ghahari et al. 2011 c). Distribution outside Iran. Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Itay, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, UK, former Yugoslavia (Yu et al. 2012). Host records. Anacampsis populella, Acleris hastiana, Prochlidonia amiantana, Sitochroa verticalis, Platyptilia isodactyla, Eilema lurideola, Ostrinia nubilalis (Goidanich 1931; Yu et al. 2012), Epinotia immundan (Goidanich 1931), Vanessa atalanta (Lyle 1916, 1917, 1927; Yu et al. 2012), Acleris comariana, A. ferrugana, A. forsskaleana, A. variegana, Acrobasis consociella, A. tumidana, Acrolepiopsis assectella, Aethes smeathmanniana, Agyroploce lediana, Aglais urticae, Anacampsis timidella, Ancylis apicella, A. forsterana, A. unculana, Archips crataegana, A. rosana, A. xylosteana, Caloptilia alchimiella, Catolaccus ater, Choristoneura hebenstreitella, Chrysocharis sp., Delia antiqua, Dendrolimus pini, Diplolepis rosae, Eilema albicosta, Elasmus flabellatus, Epinotia tetraquetrana, Eudemis profundana, Eupithecia denotata, E. linariata, Eurytoma appendigaster, Gelis areator, Gelis monozonius, Gypsonoma minutana, Hedya dimidiana, H. dimioalba, H. nubiferana, H. pruniana, H. salicella, Lobesia (Polychrosis) botrana, L. (Lobesiodes) euphorbianus, Mesochorus orbitalis, M. pallipes, Metendothenia atropunctana, Notocelia roborana, Orthosia incerta, Phalonidia udana, Ptycholoma lecheana, Spilonota ocellana, Spilosoma lubricipedum, Teleiodes paripunctella, Theroscopus hemipteron, Tortrix viridana, Trichomalopsis sp., Utetheisa jacobaeae, Vanessa indica (Yu et al. 2012)., Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Ghahari, Hassan & Peris-Felipo, Francisco Javier, 2015, Catalogue of the Iranian Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4043 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4043.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/289993, {"references":["Ghahari, H., Fischer, M. & Papp, J. (2011 c) A study on the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Isfahan province, Iran. Entomofauna, 32 (16), 261 - 272.","Yu, D. S., Achterberg, C. van & Horstmann, K. (2012) Taxapad 2012, Ichneumonoidea 2011, Database on flash-drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.","Goidanich, A. (1931) Gli insetti preatori e parasiti della Pyrausta naubilalis Hubn. Bollettino del Laboratoria di Entomologia di Bologna, 4, 77 - 218.","Lyle, G. T. (1916) Contributions to our knowledge of the British Braconidae. Entomologist, 49, 268 - 272.","Lyle, G. T. (1917) Contributions to our knowledge of the British Braconidae. Entomologist, 50, 193 - 201.","Lyle, G. T. (1927) Two new species of Apanteles (Hym., Braconidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 17, 415 - 416. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0007485300019520"]}

Microgaster parvistriga Thomson, 1895 Distribution in Iran. Guilan (Ghahari et al. 2012 c). Distribution outside Iran. Armenia, Bulgaria, former Czechoslovakia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Korea, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, UK (Yu et al. 2012). Hostrecords: Acleris kochiella, Anacampsis timidella, Cosmopterix scribaeilla, C. zieglerella, Tortrix viridana (Yu et al. 2012). In former Czechoslovakia, it has been reported from Swammerdamia caesiella (Tobias 1986; Yu et al. 2012)., Published as part of Gadallah, Neveen S., Ghahari, Hassan & Peris-Felipo, Francisco Javier, 2015, Catalogue of the Iranian Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 4043 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4043.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/289993, {"references":["Thomson, C. G. (1895) LII. Bigrad till Braconidernas Kannedom. Opuscula entomologica, 20, 1 - 2452. [Lund]","Ghahari, H., Fischer, M. & Tobias, V. (2012 c) A study on the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) from Guilan province, Iran. Entomofauna, 33 (22), 317 - 324.","Yu, D. S., Achterberg, C. van & Horstmann, K. (2012) Taxapad 2012, Ichneumonoidea 2011, Database on flash-drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.","Tobias, V. I. (1986) Acaeliinae, Cardiochelinae, Microgastrinae, Miracinae. Supplement. In: Medvedev, G. S. (Ed.), Opredelitel nasekomyeh Evropeiskoi chasti SSSR 3, Peredpontdatokrylye 4. Opr. Faune SSSR. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 336 - 501. [in Russian]"]}

The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.

Genus Microgaster Latreille Rearing Data: The genus Microgaster Latreille was rarely encountered during the caterpillar inventories carried out in India. Six specimens were reared from solitary cocoons but its specific identity remains unknown., Published as part of Gupta, Ankita & Fern��ndez-Triana, Jos�� L., 2014, Diversity, host association, and cocoon variability of reared Indian Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), pp. 1-101 in Zootaxa 3800 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3800.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/251585

Microgaster parvistriga THOMSON, 1895 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: West Azarbaijan province: Seroo (1616 m), 3, May 2008. D i s t r i b u t i o n o u t s i d e I r a n: Distributedin Europe, eastwards as far as Armenia, Hungary, Greece (PAPP 2007), Austria, Germany, Italy (BOUCHÉ 1834 as Microgaster blancardellae), Germany (RATZEBURG 1848 as Microgaster flavolimbatus), Hungary (RATZEBURG 1848 as Microgaster flavolimbatus; PAPP 2008), England (MARSHALL 1885 as Apanteles lautellus), Belgium (WESMAEL 1837 as Microgaster lividipes), Mongolia (PAPP 2009), Caucasus, western Europe (TOBIAS 1995 as Lissogaster parvistriga), Armenia, Northern half of Europe, Korea (PAPP 2003). According to YU et al. (2012): Armenia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Korea, Mongolia, Poalnd, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, UK. H o s t r e c o r d: Parasitoid as Anacampsis disquei MEES (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (TOBIAS 1995), Acleris kochiella GOEZE, Anacampsis midella WOCKE (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), Cosmpterix scribaeilla ZELLER, C. zieglerella (HÜBNER) (Lepidoptera: Cosmopteriidae), Swammerdamia caesiella (HÜBNER) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), Tortrix viridana (LINNAEUS) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (YU et al. 2012)., Published as part of Samin, N., Ghahari, H., N. S & Davidian, E., 2014, A study on the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) from West Azarbaijan province, Northwestern Iran, pp. 1447-1478 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (2) on page 1465, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5310504, {"references":["THOMSON C. G. (1895): LII. Bidrag till Braconidernas Kannedom. - Opuscula Entomologica 20: 21 - 41.","BOUCHE P. F. (1834): Naturgeschichte der Insekten, besonders in Hinsicht ihrer ersten Zustande als Larven und Puppen. - Berlin, 216 pp.","RATZEBURG J. T. C. (1848): Die Ichneumon der Forstinsecten in forstlicher und entomologischer Beziehung. - Zweiter Band, Berlin, 238 pp.","PAPP J. (2008): A Del-Dunantul gylikosfurkesz faunajanak alapvetese (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), VIII. 14 alcsalad. - Somogyi Muzeumok Kozlemenyei 18: 85 - 100.","MARSHALL T. A. (1885): Monograph of British Braconidae. Part I. - Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1885: 1 - 280.","TOBIAS V. I. (1995): Keys to the insects of the European part of USSR, ed.; G. S. Medvedev, 3 (4). - New Delhi, Baba Barkla Nath, pp. 900.","YU D. S., VAN ACHTERBERG C. & K. HORSTMANN (2012): World Ichneumonoidea 2005. Taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution [Braconidae]. - Taxapad 2006 (Scientific names for information management) Interactive electronical catalogue on DVD / CD-ROM. Vancouver."]}

Microgaster luctuosa HALIDAY, 1834 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: West Azarbaijan province: Takab (1822 m), 1, September 2006. D i s t r i b u t i o n o u t s i d e I r a n: Hungary (PAPP 2008), Caucasus, Central Asia, Western Europe, Mongolia (TOBIAS 1995 as Lissogaster curvicrus), England (HALIDAY 1834), Greece (PAPP 2007 as Microgaster curvicrus). According to YU et al. (2012): Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Moldova, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkmenistan, UK, Uzbekistan, Serbia. H o s t r e c o r d s: Parasitoid of Agonopterix pallorella ZELLER (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) (TOBIAS 1995), Cnephaso assedana DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER, Olethreutes arbutella (LINNAEUS) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (YU et al. 2012)., Published as part of Samin, N., Ghahari, H., N. S & Davidian, E., 2014, A study on the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) from West Azarbaijan province, Northwestern Iran, pp. 1447-1478 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (2) on page 1464, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5310504, {"references":["HALIDAY A. A. (1834): Essay on parasitic Hymenoptera. - Entomological Magazine 2 (iii): 225 - 259.","PAPP J. (2008): A Del-Dunantul gylikosfurkesz faunajanak alapvetese (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), VIII. 14 alcsalad. - Somogyi Muzeumok Kozlemenyei 18: 85 - 100.","TOBIAS V. I. (1995): Keys to the insects of the European part of USSR, ed.; G. S. Medvedev, 3 (4). - New Delhi, Baba Barkla Nath, pp. 900.","YU D. S., VAN ACHTERBERG C. & K. HORSTMANN (2012): World Ichneumonoidea 2005. Taxonomy, biology, morphology and distribution [Braconidae]. - Taxapad 2006 (Scientific names for information management) Interactive electronical catalogue on DVD / CD-ROM. Vancouver."]}

The following 4 species and 1 subspecies are described as new: Ceropegia recurvata, C. microgaster, C. erergotana, C.burgeri and Huernia macrocarpa subsp. harerghensis; one variety of Ceropegia stenoloba is elevated to a full species: C. moyalensis and 2 species transferred from Angolluma to Pachycymbium: P. gilbertii and P. semitubisora.

Microgaster torquatiger GRANGER 1949 Microgaster torquatiger n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 220 (key), 225 (fig. 229), 228 (fig. 245), 234 (descr. ♀, Madagascar). Microgaster torquatiger GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1973: 735 (cat.). D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Antananarivo: Antsirabe. Endemic., Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 146, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364, {"references":["GRANGER C. (1949): Braconides de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institute Scientifique de Madagascar, Serie A, 2: 428 pp.","SHENEFELT R. D. (1973): Braconidae 5. Microgasterinae & Ichneutinae. In: VECHT J. VAN DER & R. D. SHENEFELT (eds), Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio) Pars 9: 669 - 812."]}

Microgaster cingulata GRANGER 1949 Microgaster cingulatus n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 220 (key), 222 (fig. 224), 228 (fig. 239), 230 (descr. ♀, Madagascar). Microgaster cingulatus GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1973: 699 (cat.). D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Toliara: Bekily. Endemic., Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 144, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364, {"references":["GRANGER C. (1949): Braconides de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institute Scientifique de Madagascar, Serie A, 2: 428 pp.","SHENEFELT R. D. (1973): Braconidae 5. Microgasterinae & Ichneutinae. In: VECHT J. VAN DER & R. D. SHENEFELT (eds), Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio) Pars 9: 669 - 812."]}

Microgaster seyrigi GRANGER 1949 Microgaster seyrigi n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 219 (key), 222 (fig. 217), 223 (descr. ♀, Madagascar), 225 (fig. 233). Microgaster seyrigi GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1973: 729 (cat.). D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Toliara: Bekily. Endemic., Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 146, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364, {"references":["GRANGER C. (1949): Braconides de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institute Scientifique de Madagascar, Serie A, 2: 428 pp.","SHENEFELT R. D. (1973): Braconidae 5. Microgasterinae & Ichneutinae. In: VECHT J. VAN DER & R. D. SHENEFELT (eds), Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio) Pars 9: 669 - 812."]}

Microgaster bekilyensis GRANGER 1949 Microgaster bekilyensis n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 220 (key), 222 (fig. 219), 225 (fig. 235), 226 (descr. ♀, Madagascar). Microgaster bekilyensis GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1973: 697 (cat.). D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Toliara: Bekily. Endemic., Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 144, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364, {"references":["GRANGER C. (1949): Braconides de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institute Scientifique de Madagascar, Serie A, 2: 428 pp.","SHENEFELT R. D. (1973): Braconidae 5. Microgasterinae & Ichneutinae. In: VECHT J. VAN DER & R. D. SHENEFELT (eds), Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio) Pars 9: 669 - 812."]}

Microgaster ambositrensis GRANGER 1949 Microgaster ambositrensis n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 220 (key), 222 (fig. 221), 225 (fig. 237), 227 (descr. ♀, Madagascar). Microgaster ambositrensis GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1973: 695 (cat.). D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Fianarantsoa: Ambositra. Endemic., Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 144, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364, {"references":["GRANGER C. (1949): Braconides de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institute Scientifique de Madagascar, Serie A, 2: 428 pp.","SHENEFELT R. D. (1973): Braconidae 5. Microgasterinae & Ichneutinae. In: VECHT J. VAN DER & R. D. SHENEFELT (eds), Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio) Pars 9: 669 - 812."]}

Microgaster rufotestacea GRANGER 1949 Microgaster rufotestaceus n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 220 (key), 222 (fig. 218), 224 (descr. ♀, Madagascar), 225 (fig. 234). Microgaster rufotestaceus GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1973: 726 (cat.). D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Toliara: Antanimora. Endemic., Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364, {"references":["GRANGER C. (1949): Braconides de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institute Scientifique de Madagascar, Serie A, 2: 428 pp.","SHENEFELT R. D. (1973): Braconidae 5. Microgasterinae & Ichneutinae. In: VECHT J. VAN DER & R. D. SHENEFELT (eds), Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio) Pars 9: 669 - 812."]}

Microgaster flavofacialis GRANGER 1949 Microgaster flavofacialis n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 220 (key), 225 (fig. 228), 228 (fig. 244), 233 (descr. ♀, Madagascar). Microgaster flavofacialis GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1973: 707 (cat.). D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Antananarivo: Massif de l'Ankaratra. Endemic., Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 145, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364, {"references":["GRANGER C. (1949): Braconides de Madagascar. Memoires de l'Institute Scientifique de Madagascar, Serie A, 2: 428 pp.","SHENEFELT R. D. (1973): Braconidae 5. Microgasterinae & Ichneutinae. In: VECHT J. VAN DER & R. D. SHENEFELT (eds), Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio) Pars 9: 669 - 812."]}

The present paper describes two new species of Microgaster Latreille, 1804, viz: M. longiterebra sp. nov. (♂) and M. longicaudatus sp. nov. (♂). M. longiterebra sp. nov. is described from Kunming, Yunnan Prov. in China closely related to M. subcompletus, but differs from the latter in the combination of the following features: 1) APOL as long as OD; 2) Mesonotum strongly punctate on anterior 2/ 3) r shorter than width of stigma; 4) cu-a of hind wing medially curved; 5) Apex of hypopygium ending far beyond apex of abdomen. M. longicaudatus sp. nov. is described from Tianmushan, Zhejiang Prov. in China closely related to M. ductilis, but differs from the latter in the combination of the following features: 1) middle and hind femora reddish yellow only with apical 1/4 blackish; 2) 1-SR 0.5 times as long as 1-M; 3) the hairy part of ovipositor sheath 0.5 times as long as hind tibia; 4) tergite 3 with slightly weaker rugosity. The type specimens are deposited in Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Twenty-five species of Braconidae described in the genera Alysia Latreille, Bracon Fabricius, Lepton Zetterstedt, Mícrogaster Latreílle and Sigalphus Latreille by J. W. Zetterstedt in 1838 are revised. Lectotypes and paralectotypes are designated and the present status of Zetterstedt's species is established. Ten names of Zetterstedt are regarded as valid; sixten new synonyms and six new combinations are proposed. A lectotype of Bracon konovii Marshall is designated and the name is resurrected from synonymy with Cyanopterus nigrator (Zetterstedt).

Microgaster rufipes NEES VON ESENBECK 1834 M a t e r i a l: Guilan province: Lahijan (1), September 2006. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n: Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom., Published as part of Ghahari, H., Fischer, M., Cetin, O., Beyarslan, A. & Ostovan, H., 2010, A contribution to the braconid wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the forests of northern Iran, pp. 621-634 in Linzer biologische Beitr��ge 42 (1) on page 628, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5332807

In the present study, the Iranian Microgastrinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) fauna is summarized. It is based on a detailed study of all available published data and new material collected. In total 99 species belonging to 8 genera are from Iran: Apanteles Forster, 1862 (36 species), Cotesia Cameron, 1891 (34 species), Deuterixys Mason, 1981 (1 species), Diolcogaster Ashmead, 1900 (4 species), Microgaster Latreille, 1804 (4 species), Microplitis Forster, 1862 (11 species), Pholesetor Mason, 1981 (4 species) and Protapanteles Ashmead, 1898 (5 species) in 4 tribes (Apantilini, Cotesiini, Microgastrini and Microplitini). A faunistic list with distribution data, and host records are given. Four species are new records for the fauna of Iran: Apanteles brunnistigma Abdinbekova, 1969, A. ingenuoides Papp, 1971, Microplitis decipiens Prell, 1925 and M. marshallii Kokujev, 1898.

Four new localities for the species Microgaster deductor Nixon (1968) are recorded from the Nearctic (Canada and the United States) and the Palaearctic (Sweden), expanding significantly the range of the species. M. deductor seems to be widely distributed in boreal areas of the Holarctic, and it is characterized by unique morphological (tarsal claw structure) and molecular (COI) traits. Preliminary evidence, to be corroborated when more data is available, suggests that the species might have shifted northwards between 1950 and the present day.

Microgaster tibialis Nees is a braconid which occurs as a rather important solitary parasite of the European corn borer ( Pyrausta nubilalis H¼bn.) in several parts of Europe. Importations of it into the United States from France were begun in 1923 by W. R. Thompson and H. L. Parker, of the European Parasite Laboratory, Hyeres, Var, France, and since that time large numbers of the parasite have been collected and shipped each year. For the entire period 1923 to 1930, inclusive, a total of 587,062 Microgaster cocoons were collected in Europe and shipped to the U. S. Entomological Laboratory, Arlington, Mass., where they were handled under the direction of D. W. Jones.

In the Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1929, in the introduction to my revision of the Indo-Australian and Ethiopian species of Microgaster, I stated my intention of writing subsequently for the related genus Microplitis a revision of the species from the same area. This I have done in the present paper, the slight alteration of title being necessary as no species of Microplitis have yet been described from the Ethiopian region.

This microcommunity was studied over a 4-year period in Seward County, Nebraska. Of 243 galls examined in 1960, 85 showed evidence of activities of other insects, while normal emergence of the gall maker was indicated in 158. Parasites of Walshia amorphella Clemens that were found included the ichneumonid Phaeogenes walshiae walshiae Ashmead, the eupelmids Enpehnus sp. and E. cyaniceps Ashmead, and the braconid Microgaster ecdytolophae Muesebeck. Insects occupying galls after emergence of W. amorphella included a thysanopteran, Tubulifera sp.; an undetermined membracid nymph; the ant Leptothorax curvispinosus Mayr; the sphecid wasp Trypoxylon frigidum Smith; and the colletid bee Hylaeus cressoni (Cockerell). From H. cressoni two parasites were reared, the gasteruptiid Rhydinofoenus floridanus bradleyi Townes and the encyrtid Coelopencyrtus hylaei Burks. No biological information has been published previously for any North American member of the subfamily Gasteruptiinae.

When a noxious insect has become established in a previously uninfested area and the introduction of its parasitic enemies is undertaken, workers are confronted with numerous problems involving relationships between parasites and hosts. One problem sometimes encountered is a lack of synchronization in the development of the parasites which are being introduced and that of their hosts. A problem of this type has been experienced with Microgaster tibialis Nees and Eulimneria crasszfemur Thoms., brought from Europe for colonization in the North Central States, where their host, Pyrausta nubilalis Hbn., has but one generation each year.

Collections containing 50 or 100 green clover worm larvae, Plathypena scabra (F.), were taken from the major leguminous crops in Delaware at approximately 7-day intervals throughout the 1965 growing season. A total of 285 insect parasites (6 species of Hymenoptera and 5 of Diptera) were reared from the 1400 green clover worm larvae collected. The total percent parasitism was 20.4. The predominant parasites and the percent of green cloverworms which they parasitized were: Rogas nolophanae Ashmead 6.5%, Apanteles marginiventris (Cresson) 4.1%, Microgaster facetosa Weed 2.8%, and Winthemia sinuata Rein, hard 6.2%. Four species ( Helicobia rapax (Walker), Charops annuiipes Ashmead, Isdromes lycaenae (Howard), and 1 undescribed of Chaetophlepsis ) of the 11 reared are reported as parasites of the green clover worm for the first time. The remaining 3 species were: Meteorus autographa Muesebeck, Compilura cancinnata (Meigen), and Euphorocera floridensis Townsend.

Microgaster utilis, n. sp.Length .11 of an inch. Head, thorax and abdomen of the males uniform black, the females the same with the exception that the under side of the second and third basal joints of the abdomen are tawny. Antennæ fuscous, somewhat rufous at base. Legs and feet tawny, rather pale, the knees of the hind pair dusky, the most so in the males.