7,511 results on '"Microcrystalline cellulose"'
Search Results
2. Closer Approach towards the Preparation of Cellulose and Microcrystalline Cellulose from Corn Husks.
- Author
-
Anh, Phan Thi Hoang and Tai, Doan Minh
- Subjects
- *
PARTICLE size distribution , *LASER spectroscopy , *SCANNING electron microscopy , *SOLID solutions , *HEMICELLULOSE - Abstract
In this work, cellulose was effectively produced from corn husks by a simple and eco‐friendly method. Major influencing variables for cellulose extraction were examined, and the highest yield of lignin and hemicellulose cleavage was achieved after corn husks were treated in 12.5 wt % NaOH solution at solid/liquid ratio (S/L) of 1:10 g mL−1, 70 °C for 90 min. Subsequent bleaching conducted in 10 wt % H2O2 solution at 80 °C for 90 min produced cellulose with a lightness value (L*) of ∼87, chromaticity indexes a* = −1.85, b* = 2.94 with high purity, 90.86 %, and crystallinity, 64.94 %. Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, and x‐ray diffraction analysis showed a clear transition in morphology, structure modification, and crystallinity consistent with the alteration of the chemical composition from raw material to delignified residue and the bleached one. To synthesize microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), the hydrolysis was investigated in H2SO4 solutions of different concentrations and durations via monitoring particle size distribution by laser diffraction spectroscopy. At the most efficient conditions (30 wt % H2SO4, 18 h, 45 °C, 1:10 S/L ratio), the obtained MCC reached an average particle size of 42.68 µm, crystallinity degree of 61.6 %, and cellulose purity of 92.5 %. Meanwhile, similar parameters with 4 N HCl solution produced MCC with the same purity but higher crystallinity (65.6 %), higher mean size, 67.62 µm, and higher aspect ratio. SEM images showed that 4 N HCl caused less detrimental and erosive action, and less fragmentation on cellulose microfibrils compared to 30 wt % H2SO4. The study's outcome supports the feasibility of corn husks to produce cellulose and MCC for further applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Preparation and characterization of microcrystalline cellulose from rice bran.
- Author
-
Liu, Yanlan, Ran, Jingfeng, Xu, Ziyang, Cheng, Hao, Lin, Benping, Deng, Tianran, and Yi, Cuiping
- Subjects
- *
RICE bran , *DEGREE of polymerization , *PARTICLE size distribution , *RICE processing , *SCANNING electron microscopy , *RICE oil , *MICROCRYSTALLINE polymers - Abstract
BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION Rice bran, a by‐product of rice processing, has not been fully utilized except for the small amount used for raising animals. The raw material source requirements of microcrystalline cellulose are becoming increasingly extensive. However, the characteristics of preparing microcrystalline cellulose from rice bran have not been reported, which limits the application of rice bran.Microcrystalline cellulose was obtained from rice bran by alkali treatment, delignification, bleaching and acid hydrolysis. The morphology, particle size distribution, degree of polymerization, crystallinity, and thermal stability of rice bran microcrystalline cellulose were analyzed. The chemical compositions, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier‐transform infrared analysis for rice bran microcrystalline cellulose showed that the lignin and hemicellulose were successfully removed from the rice bran fiber matrix. The morphology of rice bran microcrystalline cellulose was shown to be of a short rod‐shaped porous structure with an average diameter of 65.3 μm. The polymerization degree of rice bran microcrystalline cellulose was 150. The X‐ray diffraction pattern of rice bran microcrystalline cellulose showed the characteristic peak of natural cellulose (type I), and its crystallization index was 71%. The rice bran microcrystalline cellulose may be used in biological composites with temperatures between 150 °C and 250 °C.These results suggest the feasibility of using rice bran as a low‐price source of microcrystalline cellulose. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Investigation of Releasing Chamomile Essential Oil from Inserts with Cellulose Agar and Microcrystalline Cellulose Agar Films Used in Biotextronics Systems for Lower Urinary Tract Inflammation Treatment.
- Author
-
Frydrysiak, Emilia, Śmigielski, Krzysztof, Kunicka-Styczyńska, Alina, and Frydrysiak, Michał
- Subjects
- *
URINARY organs , *ESSENTIAL oils , *ANTI-inflammatory agents , *CELLULOSE , *ANTIBACTERIAL agents - Abstract
Lower urinary tract inflammation is a very common problem which occurs particularly in women. That is why the idea of a biotextronics system for preventive and supportive treatment came to be. The system is a kind of a therapeutic clothing in the form of underwear integrated with a four-layer pantiliner with biological active compounds (from chamomile essential oil) immobilized on the insert with a cellulose agar or microcrystalline cellulose agar film. In this research, the outer part of the insert was investigated for its ability to release compounds with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity under the temperature of the treatment (40 °C). The research was conducted on the day of the insert preparation (day 0) and also after 7, 14, 28, and 56 days to test the ability of the insert to be stored without changing its properties. The results showed that even after 56 days of storage, there are compounds released that are known to have antibacterial activity, such as α-bisabolol. The system requires further tests involving bacteria; however, chamomile essential oil seems to be good substrate for biotextronics systems for preventive and supportive treatment of lower urinary tract inflammations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. From Field to Pharmacy: Isolation, Characterization and Tableting Behaviour of Microcrystalline Cellulose from Wheat and Corn Harvest Residues.
- Author
-
Medarević, Djordje, Čežek, Maša, Knežević, Aleksandar, Turković, Erna, Barudžija, Tanja, Samardžić, Stevan, and Maksimović, Zoran
- Subjects
- *
CORN residues , *BURNING of land , *WASTE recycling , *AGRICULTURAL wastes , *WHEAT harvesting , *MICROCRYSTALLINE polymers - Abstract
A lack of strategies for the utilization of harvest residues (HRs) has led to serious environmental problems due to an accumulation of these residues or their burning in the field. In this study, wheat and corn HRs were used as feedstock for the production of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by treatment with 2–8% sodium hydroxide, 10% hydrogen peroxide and further hydrolysis with 1–2 M hydrochloric acid. The changes in the FT-IR spectra and PXRD diffractograms after chemical treatment confirmed the removal of most of the lignin, hemicellulose and amorphous fraction of cellulose. A higher degree of crystallinity was observed for MCC obtained from corn HRs, which was attributed to a more efficient removal of lignin and hemicellulose by a higher sodium hydroxide concentration, which facilitates the dissolution of amorphous cellulose during acid hydrolysis. MCC obtained from HRs exhibited lower bulk density and poorer flow properties but similar or better tableting properties compared to commercial MCC (CeolusTM PH101). The lower ejection and detachment stress suggests that MCC isolated from HRs requires less lubricant compared to commercial MCC. This study showed that MCC isolated from wheat and corn HRs exhibits comparable tableting behaviour like commercial sample, further supporting this type of agricultural waste utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Thermal Stability of Highly Filled Cellulosic Biocomposites Based on Ethylene–Vinyl Acetate Copolymer.
- Author
-
Shelenkov, Pavel Gennadievich, Pantyukhov, Petr Vasilievich, Aleshinskaya, Svetlana Vladimirovna, Maltsev, Alexander Andreevich, Abushakhmanova, Zubarzhat Rafisovna, Popov, Anatoly Anatolievich, Saavedra-Arias, Jose Javier, and Poletto, Matheus
- Subjects
- *
WOOD flour , *THERMAL stability , *THERMAL resistance , *PHENOLS , *CELLULOSE - Abstract
The effect of plant-based fillers on thermal resistance in highly filled biocomposites based on ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) was studied. Wood flour and microcrystalline cellulose were used as fillers. It was shown that the introduction of microcrystalline cellulose into EVA did not affect the thermal stability of the polymer matrix. In contrast, the introduction of wood flour into EVA led to a significant increase in the thermal stability of the entire biocomposite. Oxidation induction time increased from 0 (pure EVA) to 73 min (EVA + wood flour biocomposites). The low-molecular weight phenolic compounds contained in wood flour are likely able to diffuse into the polymer matrix, exerting a stabilizing effect. The discovered stabilizing effect is a positive development for expanding the possibilities of technological processing of biocomposites, including multiple processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Tailoring adsorbent cellulose beads of microcrystalline cellulose derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch.
- Author
-
Madihah, A. M. Hanis, Hassan, N. A. Abu, Haafiz, M. K. Mohamad, and Abu, Falah
- Subjects
- *
NATURAL fibers , *OIL palm , *CELLULOSE , *FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy , *CHEMICAL bonds - Abstract
This study aims to investigate the potential benefits of utilizing oil palm trees as reinforcement in polymeric substances. Extracting microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) fibers from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) waste, prevalent in Malaysia's extensive plantation fields as the world's second-largest oil palm producer, presents an opportunity to utilize abundant waste resources. To produce cellulose beads from these natural fibers, it was imperative to analyze their chemical composition, microstructural behavior, and adsorption rate. Initially, MCC was dissolved in ionic liquid to extract cellulose beads from OPEFB. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to characterize molecular bonds, adsorption properties, and their correlations within the fiber structure. X-ray diffraction analysis was tested to see the crystallographic structure and chemical composition of the beads. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to examine the surface morphology of the fibers. Adsorption properties was evaluated using Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, water absorption test and moisture content were used to investigate the adsorptibility rate of cellulose beads. The results demonstrate that dissolving MCC into ionic liquid from OPEFB yields high-quality cellulose beads at 9% of MCC loading, presenting a promising avenue for the development of novel polymeric materials for wastewater filtration applications due to the highest pore size obtained with 15.35 nm and 15.35% of water absorption rate, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Comprehensive characterization of novel Borassus flabellifer flower biomass based microcrystalline cellulose reinforced with polylactic acid (PLA) biofilm for futuristic applications.
- Author
-
N, Sunesh, Suyambulingam, Indran, Divakaran, Divya, and Siengchin, Suchart
- Abstract
Biodegradable films with better attributes are gaining popularity nowadays. They could replace petroleum-based polymers. This work choose microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from the Borassus flabellifer flower as the filler. Polylactic acid (PLA) was used as the matrix to create biocomposite films via a solution-casting technique. The filler percentages may range from 1% by weight to 5% by weight. Physical properties (density, thickness, and moisture content), chemical structure, FTIR, XRD, TGA, UV, water absorption, biodegradability test, scanning electron microscopy, particle size analysis, surface roughness, tensile testing, and antimicrobial tests were all conducted on the films. FTIR and XRD were utilized to characterize the structural makeup and crystallinity index of the manufactured PLA/MCC biofilms. As evident by FTIR, hydrogen bonding is quite robust because of the PLA/MCC interfacial exchanges. A thermogravimetric study determined that the thermal breakdown temperature of biofilms ranged from 259.79 to 350 °C. Incorporating MCC at a concentration of 1% by weight raised the tensile strength by 11.36% and the elastic modulus by 13.86%. It is fascinating to see the elongation percentage drop linearly with added filler. In conclusion, the SEM analysis shows that PLA and MCC may work well together. With a higher MCC concentration, PLA/MCC biofilms can take in more water. Biofilms buried for 75 days saw a weight loss of 8.5% (5 wt% of MCC) due to the MCC loading in the PLA matrix. These results demonstrate that PLA/MCC biofilms can be used in packaging applications, which was hypothesized before this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Polybenzoxazine/Epoxy Copolymer Reinforced with Phosphorylated Microcrystalline Cellulose: Curing Behavior, Thermal, and Flame Retardancy Properties.
- Author
-
Bessa, Wissam, Trache, Djalal, Moulai, Sid-Ali, Tarchoun, Ahmed Fouzi, Abdelaziz, Amir, Hamidon, Tuan Sherwyn, and Hussin, Mohd Hazwan
- Subjects
FIREPROOFING ,HEAT of combustion ,FIREPROOFING agents ,NATURAL fibers ,THERMOGRAVIMETRY ,BENZOXAZINES ,MICROCRYSTALLINE polymers - Abstract
This study aims to explore new flame-retardant composites based on a phosphorus-functionalized cellulose derivative and epoxy/benzoxazine thermosetting resins in order to broaden the use of natural fibers in advanced applications. The study involved the phosphorylation of microcrystalline cellulose followed by its characterization through employing various analytical methods to corroborate the accomplishment of its functionalization. The curing behavior of composites based on the polybenzoxazine/epoxy copolymer reinforced with (1 and 5 wt.%) modified microcrystalline cellulose was hereafter considered. The thermal behavior of these composites was correspondingly investigated using thermogravimetric analysis, where improved thermal stability and the limiting oxygen index were stressed. Flame retardancy tests using the vertical burning test UL 94 and heat of combustion analysis utilizing an oxygen bomb calorimeter were also carried out to deeply examine the possible flame retardancy ability of the considered composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. The investigation of the mechanical thermal and physical properties of using waste toner/MCC/old newspaper fiber in polypropylene hybrid composites.
- Author
-
Peşman, Emrah, Dönmez Çavdar, Ayfer, and Boran Torun, Sevda
- Subjects
- *
HYBRID materials , *THERMAL properties , *POLYPROPYLENE fibers , *CELLULOSE fibers , *NEWSPAPERS , *CARBON-black - Abstract
In this study, the effects of polypropylene (PP) composites produced by adding 10% old newspaper fibers (ONP), 5% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), 3% polypropylene carbonate (PPC), and waste toner from 1% to 4% on the mechanical properties, physical properties, morphological, and thermal properties were investigated. According to the FTIR‐ATR and SEM‐EDS analysis results, it was determined that a significant part of the waste toner used in the study consisted of polystyrene co‐acrylate, and the remaining part consisted of carbon black and trace amounts of silicate. In the research, it was determined that the flexural and tensile strengths of MCC/ONP/PP composites containing 1% waste toner and 3% PPC increased by 13% and 46%, respectively, compared to the control sample. Additionally, the samples with the lowest water absorption values were measured in composites containing 1% waste toner and 3% PPC. The highest crystallinity value (50.75%) was obtained with the use of 1% waste toner and 3% PPC in MCC/ONP/PP composites. However, with waste toner usage above 1%, the mechanical, thermal properties, and water absorption rate have slightly decreased. As a result of the study, it was concluded that up to 1% waste toner with 3% PPC can be used successfully in MCC/ONP/PP composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Microcrystalline Cellulose—A Green Alternative to Conventional Soil Stabilizers.
- Author
-
Arun, Lazar, Sujatha, Evangelin Ramani, Baldovino, Jair Arrieta, and Nuñez de la Rosa, Yamid E.
- Subjects
- *
SOIL conditioners , *GELLAN gum , *CLAY soils , *CARBON offsetting , *CARRAGEENANS , *KAOLIN , *XANTHAN gum - Abstract
Biopolymers are polymers of natural origin and are environmentally friendly, carbon neutral and less energy-intense additives that can be used for various geotechnical applications. Biopolymers like xanthan gum, carrageenan, chitosan, agar, gellan gum and gelatin have shown potential for improving subgrade strength, erosion resistance, and as canal liners and in slope stabilization. But minimal research has been carried out on cellulose-based biopolymers, particularly microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), for their application in geotechnical and geo-environmental engineering. In this study, the effect of MCC on select geotechnical properties of kaolin, a weak, highly compressible clay soil, like its liquid and plastic limits, compaction behavior, deformation behavior, unconfined compression strength (UCS) and aging, was investigated. MCC was used in dosages of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2% of the dry weight of the soil, and the dry mixing method was adopted for sample preparation. The results show that the liquid limit increased marginally by 11% but the plasticity index was nearly 74% higher than that of untreated kaolin. MCC rendered the treated soil stiffer, which is reflected in the deformation modulus, which increased with both dosage and age of the treated sample. The UCS of kaolin increased with dosage and curing period. The maximum UCS was observed for a dosage of 2% MCC at a 90-day curing period. The increase in stiffness and strength of the treated kaolin with aging points out that MCC can be a potential soil stabilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Fabrication of ZnO-Carbon Dots Composite via Microcrystalline Cellulose for Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation.
- Author
-
Xiangyu Li, Wanquan Hu, Shuo Qiao, Yuexin Chang, Longxiao Gu, Yang Wang, Hui-Liang Sun, and Yuan-Ru Guo
- Subjects
- *
EMERGENCY power supply , *INTERSTITIAL hydrogen generation , *X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy , *HYDROGEN production , *INFRARED spectroscopy - Abstract
The composite ZnO@CDs was prepared via the hydrothermal method. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was used as the source of carbon dots (CDs). X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analyses were used to characterize the structure and morphology of ZnO@CDs. The prepared ZnO showed a flake morphology with the exposed plane of (001). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) characterization showed that CDs can be produced by decomposition of MCC and then attached on the surface of ZnO. The photocatalytic properties of ZnO@CDs were investigated under simulated sunlight irradiation. The hydrogen production reached 1240 µmol·g-1 in 30 min, which was much higher than the bare ZnO. The mechanism for the enhanced catalytic property of ZnO@CDs was studied. A high hydrogen production rate (2480 μmol·g-1·h-1) in the short term would enable ZnO@CDs to work as an emergency power supply by hydrogen production and use for restoring electricity and wireless communication in complicated situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. The Increase in the Plasticity of Microcrystalline Cellulose Spheres' When Loaded with a Plasticizer.
- Author
-
Paulausks, Artūrs, Kolisnyk, Tetiana, and Mohylyuk, Valentyn
- Subjects
- *
PLASTICIZERS , *CELLULOSE , *COMPACTING , *SOLUBILITY , *SOLVENTS - Abstract
Compaction pressure can induce an undesirable solid-state polymorphic transition in drugs, fragmentation, loss of coated pellet integrity, and the decreased viability and vitality of microorganisms. Thus, the excipients with increased plasticity can be considered as an option to decrease the undesirable effects of compaction pressure. This study aims to increase the plasticity (to reduce the mean yield pressure; Py) of dried microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) by loading it with a specially selected plasticizer. Diethyl citrate (DEC), water, and glycerol were the considered plasticizers. Computation of solubility parameters was used to predict the miscibility of MCC with plasticizers (possible plasticization effect). Plasticizer-loaded MCC spheres with 5.0 wt.% of water, 5.2 wt.% of DEC, and 4.2 wt.% glycerol were obtained via the solvent method, followed by solvent evaporation. Plasticizer-loaded formulations were characterised by TGA, DSC, pXRD, FTIR, pressure-displacement profiles, and in-die Heckel plots. Py was derived from the in-die Heckel analysis and was used as a plasticity parameter. In comparison with non-plasticized MCC (Py = 136.5 MPa), the plasticity of plasticizer-loaded formulations increased (and Py decreased) from DEC (124.7 MPa) to water (106.6 MPa) and glycerol (99.9 MPa), and that was in full accordance with the predicted miscibility likeliness order based on solubility parameters. Therefore, water and glycerol were able to decrease the Py of non-plasticized MCC spheres by 16.3 and 30.0%, respectively. This feasibility study showed the possibility of modifying the plasticity of MCC by loading it with a specially selected plasticizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Insight into copper and iron ion sequestration from liquid-phase environment by microcrystalline cellulose biosorbent: experimental and modelling analyses.
- Author
-
Abdullah, Mohammad, Abdullah, Luqman Chuah, Adeyi, Abel Adekanmi, Jamil, Siti Nurul Ain Md, Choong, Thomas Shean Yaw, and Majid, Rohah A.
- Subjects
- *
COPPER ions , *IRON ions , *POINTS of zero charge , *FIELD emission electron microscopes , *COPPER , *ADSORPTION capacity , *SEQUESTRATION (Chemistry) , *CELLULOSE - Abstract
The paper assesses batch system microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) adsorptive ability for copper and iron uptake from aquatic environment. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), point zero charge and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to examine the physicochemical and morphological features of MCC. The batch system of the sequestration progression for the elimination of Cu(II) and Fe(II) was used by varying the solution pH, MCC doses, initial copper and iron concentration, and resident time. The maximum removal percentage for Cu(II) and Fe(II) were 99.5% and 96.4%, respectively, at pH 7. The influence of MCC dosage showed the 1.0 g/L of adsorbents results the highest percentage of Cu(II) (99.8%) and Fe(II) (88.63%) correspondingly. Equilibrium data for both metals were well fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, representing monolayer and multilayer adsorption systems. The maximum sorption capacity of MCC was 534.61 mg/g and 845.75 mg/g, respectively, for Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions at room temperature. Pseudo-second-order model best describes the copper and iron kinetic data, signifying the dominance of chemisorption adsorption relation between the negatively charged MCC and adsorbates. After four successive regeneration cycles, the MCC polymer maintained its maximal adsorption capacity, demonstrating effective copper and iron ion separation from aqueous solution. According to the study's findings, poisonous heavy metals can be successfully removed from aquatic environments using eco-friendly microcrystalline cellulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Enhancing mechanical, thermo-mechanical and low velocity impact properties of epoxy methyl ricinoleate toughened epoxy composites by integrating microcrystalline cellulose.
- Author
-
Sankar lal, Sathyaraj and Kannan, Sekar
- Subjects
MICROCRYSTALLINE polymers ,EPOXY resins ,DYNAMIC mechanical analysis ,CELLULOSE ,IMPACT testing ,IMPACT strength - Abstract
Flax fibre-reinforced bio-composites are developed using both unmodified petroleum-based epoxy and Epoxy Methyl Ricinoleate (EMR) toughened epoxy modified with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as the base matrix. Base-catalyzed transesterification is employed for the synthesis of EMR as a low-viscosity reactive green monomer for the modification of petroleum-based epoxy. MCC is incorporated into the EMR-modified epoxy through mechanical stirring and subsequent sonication at loading rates of 1%, 3%, and 5% by weight. The compression molding technique was employed to prepare the composites. The results show an enhancement in tensile strength, modulus, impact strength, and inter-laminar shear strength values up to 19%, 34%, 34.2%, and 22.7%, respectively for MCC filled EMR toughened epoxy composite compared to neat epoxy composite. The storage and loss moduli, as revealed by the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), also demonstrate improvement for the 3% MCC-C composite signifying the improved fibre/matrix bonding. The low-velocity impact test at 10 J and 20 J for non-perforation and perforation conditions was also performed on the composites. The MCC-incorporated EMR-modified composite demonstrated the highest low velocity impact resistance among all other bio-composites, highlighting its potential for use in semi-structural applications due to the enhanced interfacial adhesion. The SEM analysis revealed that the fibre surface of MCC-modified EPEMR20 composites exhibited surface damage, and adherence of MCC fillers and matrix fragments, indicating superior adhesion to the matrix system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Hydrolyzed Forms of Cellulose and Its Metal Composites for Hydrogen Generation: An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation.
- Author
-
Faye, Omar, Udoetok, Inimfon A., Szpunar, Jerzy A., and Wilson, Lee D.
- Subjects
METALLIC composites ,INTERSTITIAL hydrogen generation ,HYDROLYSIS kinetics ,ALTERNATIVE fuels ,DEIONIZATION of water - Abstract
The quest for a smooth transition from fossil fuels to clean and sustainable energy has warranted studies on alternative energy materials. Herein, we report on an experimental and theoretical study focused on hydrogen generation through the hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) treated in different media (deionized water, sodium hydroxide) and MCC functionalized with magnesium (MCC-Mg), titanium (MCC-Ti), and niobium (MCC-Nb). The XRD results reveal the decreased crystallinity of MCC due to ball milling along with the formation of metal oxide composites between MCC and various metals (magnesium, titanium, and niobium). Theoretical studies using NVT molecular dynamic simulations with the NH chain thermostat implemented in the Dmol3 provides further support to the experimental results reported herein. The results from the experimental and theoretical studies revealed that ball milling and composite formation with metal species enhanced the kinetics of the hydrolysis of MCC and, consequently, hydrogen generation, while the addition of NaOH and urea inhibited the hydrogen yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Radiation preparation of nano-oxide@microcrystalline cellulose and its adsorption and removal of trichloroacetic acid
- Author
-
FU Lili, WANG Zhijun, LIU Kun, TANG Dongxu, YANG Jinyu, CHEN Huangqin, and LI Yuesheng
- Subjects
microcrystalline cellulose ,glycidyl methacrylate ,trichloroacetic acid ,pre-radiation grafting ,embedding ,adsorption ,Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity ,QC770-798 ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 - Abstract
Trichloroacetic acid is a common nonvolatile byproduct of drinking water disinfection and poses carcinogenic risks to the human body. In this study, four types of nano-oxide@microcrystalline-cellulose-based adsorbents (P25@microcrystalline cellulose, SiO₂@microcrystalline cellulose (MCC-g-GMA@SiO2), Fe3O4@microcrystalline cellulose, and Fe2O3@microcrystalline cellulose) were successfully prepared by the pre-radiation grafting-embedding method. Subsequently, their ability to remove trichloroacetic acid from drinking water was investigated. The micro zonation morphology and surface properties of the materials were characterized and tested using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterization methods. The effects of monomer concentration, embedding concentration, and absorbed dose on the weight gain rate were systematically investigated. A complete static adsorption equilibrium curve was obtained on the basis of the results of adsorption experiments of four buried nano-oxides. The performance of SiO2@microcrystalline cellulose was found to be significantly higher than that of the other three adsorbents. When the volum percentage of monomer concentration was 30%, the mass percentage of embedding concentration was 4%, and the absorbed dose was 60 kGy, the removal rate of trichloroacetic acid in drinking water reached 83.27%. This series of adsorbent materials present significant potential for practical application in drinking water purification.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Ultrafiltration membranes for dye wastewater treatment: Utilizing cellulose acetate and microcrystalline cellulose fillers from Ceiba Pentandra
- Author
-
Romario Abdullah, Dinia Astira, Utari Zulfiani, Alvin Rahmad Widyanto, Zeni Rahmawati, Triyanda Gunawan, Yuly Kusumawati, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, and Hamzah Fansuri
- Subjects
ultrafiltration membranes ,microcrystalline cellulose ,kapok ,clean water ,sanitation ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Dye hurts the threat of human health problems and environmental pollution. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) based membrane is a good material to be used as an dye separation membrane for having the high hydrophilicity of the membrane. It has been successfully isolated from kapok (ceiba pentandra) with characteristic X-ray diffraction patterns and FTIR absorption peaks, which corresponded to the typical peaks of cellulose. The ultrafiltration membrane was made up of a cellulose acetate matrix created using the phase inversion method. Characterization results indicated that the inclusion of MCC derived from kapok led to a reduction in the contact angle from 65 to 52o, and an increase in membrane porosity from 82 to 85%. In the separation of dye, the composite membrane incorporating MCC filler demonstrated superior performance compared to the membrane lacking MCC, manifesting in an elevated water flux from 43 to 84 L/m².h and methylene blue (MB) rejection from 64 to 99%. The use of MCC as a filler in cellulose acetate membranes can enhance the characteristics and performance of the membrane in MB separation.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Pyrolysis mechanism and evolved gas analysis of a promising energetic carbamate-functionalized microcrystalline cellulose nitrate
- Author
-
Hani Boukeciat, Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun, Djalal Trache, Amir Abdelaziz, Djamal Belmehdi, Redha Meziani, Lokmene Boumaza, and Thomas M. Klapötke
- Subjects
Microcrystalline cellulose ,Nitrate ester ,Nitrocarbamate ,Decomposition behavior ,Hyphenated technique ,Explosives and pyrotechnics ,TP267.5-301 - Abstract
The present study aims to elucidate the decomposition mechanism and gas evolution characteristics of a promising energy-rich carbamated microcrystalline cellulose nitrate (M3CN). The molecular structure and morphological characteristics of starting microcrystalline cellulose carbamate (MCCC) and its nitrated derivative were examined using FTIR and SEM techniques. Thermal analysis using TGA and DSC revealed distinct decomposition behaviors for MCCC and M3CN. MCCC exhibited endothermic decomposition linked to the degradation of the cellulosic structure. In contrast, an exothermic decomposition event was observed for M3CN, attributed to the cleavage of energetic groups within the nitrated cellulosic chains. Furthermore, the hyphenated TG-FTIR analysis confirmed that the primary gaseous products emitted during the pyrolysis of M3CN included NO, N2O, NO2, CO2, H2O, CH4, HCHO, HCN, and CHNO. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the pyrolysis mechanism in cellulose-based energetic materials, providing a significant reference for forthcoming research and explorations in this field.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Preparation, Structure and Luminescence Properties of 'Microcrystalline Cellulose—K3Tb(PO4)2' Composites
- Author
-
Chornii, Vitalii, Nedilko, Serhii G., Terebilenko, Kateryna, Zozulia, Valeria, Boyko, Volodymyr, Zhydachevskyy, Yaroslav, Suchocki, Andrzej, Ghosh, Arindam, Series Editor, Chua, Daniel, Series Editor, de Souza, Flavio Leandro, Series Editor, Aktas, Oral Cenk, Series Editor, Han, Yafang, Series Editor, Gong, Jianghong, Series Editor, Jawaid, Mohammad, Series Editor, Hamamda, Smail, editor, Zahaf, Abdelmalek, editor, Sementsov, Yurii, editor, Nedilko, Serhii, editor, and Ivanenko, Kateryna, editor
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Advanced cellulose-based hydrogel TiO2 catalyst composites for efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic dye methylene blue
- Author
-
Bang Cong Nguyen, Thu Minh Truong, Ngoc Thi Nguyen, Duong Ngoc Dinh, Dirk Hollmann, and Mai Ngoc Nguyen
- Subjects
Cellulose hydrogel ,Immobilization ,Microcrystalline cellulose ,Tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide ,Titanium dioxide ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Sustainable cellulose-based hydrogels are used in medicine and environmental science. Hydrogels’ porosity makes them excellent adsorbents and stable substrates for immobilizing photocatalysts to remove organic dyes. Despite their potential, the implementation of hydrogels for this purpose is still limited due to their high synthesis temperature and low cellulose content. To overcome these challenges, this study develops cellulose-based hydrogels, which have a high cellulose content and can be easily synthesized under ambient conditions. Containing a higher cellulose concentration than previous hydrogels, the synthesized hydrogels are more stable and can be reused numerous times in treatment operations. The hydrogel properties were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. Scanning electronic microscopy revealed that TiO2 nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed throughout the hydrogel's matrices. In addition, transparent hydrogels allow light to pass through, making them suitable substrates to remove organic dye. The results showed that the hydrogel with TiO2 was able to degrade nearly 90% of organic dye within 180 min. Furthermore, the hydrogel with the embedded catalyst exhibits the potential for reusability with a regeneration efficiency of 80.01% after five runs. These findings suggest that this novel hydrogel is a promising candidate for water pollution remediation.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Effect of various aromatic compounds with different functional groups on enzymatic hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose and alkaline pretreated wheat straw
- Author
-
Yufeng Yuan, Xinyu Guo, Bo Jiang, Wenjuan Wu, Tingwei Zhang, Michael Sweeney, Mehraj Ahmad, and Yongcan Jin
- Subjects
Aromatic compound ,Functional group ,Enzymatic hydrolysis ,Alkaline pretreated wheat straw ,Microcrystalline cellulose ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 - Abstract
Low molecular aromatic compounds are detrimental to the enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulose. However, the specific role of their functional groups remains unclear. Here, a series of nine aromatic compounds as additives were tested to understand their effect on the hydrolysis yield of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and alkaline pretreated wheat straw. Based on the results, the inhibition of aldehyde groups on MCC was greater than that of carboxyl groups, whereas for the alkaline pretreated wheat straw case, the inhibitory effect of aldehyde groups was lower than that of carboxyl groups. Increased methoxyl groups of aromatic compounds reduced the inhibitory effect on enzymatic hydrolysis of both substrates. Stronger inhibition of aromatic compounds on MCC hydrolysis was detected in comparison with the alkaline pretreated wheat straw, indicating that the substrate lignin can offset the inhibition to a certain extent. Among all aromatic compounds, syringaldehyde with one aldehyde group and two methoxyl groups improved the glucan conversion of the alkaline pretreated wheat straw.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Development of a Polyethylene Breathable Packaging Film with Modified Microcrystalline Cellulose for Fresh Products
- Author
-
Pedro V. Rodrigues, M. Cidália R. Castro, Ana M. S. Soares, Liliana Melro, and Ana V. Machado
- Subjects
polyethylene composites ,microcrystalline cellulose ,food packaging ,surface functionalization ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 ,Biochemistry ,QD415-436 - Abstract
In this study, a material based on polyethylene (PE) and microcrystalline cellulose (MC) was developed as a breathable packaging film. Surface functionalization of MC with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) has been shown to be an efficient option to tailor their properties and increase opportunities for the application of MC on the reinforcement of polymers such as polyethylene (PE). The functionalization of MC with the mentioned silane derivative was achieved using a green method and later used in the development of composites with PE in three percentages (1, 3, and 5%). All the materials were prepared by melt blending and characterized in terms of structural properties (ATR-FTIR and FTIR in transmittance mode, EDX, and SEM), thermal properties (DSC and TGA), thermomechanical properties (DMA), contact angle measurements and permeability to water vapor. The materials demonstrated the potential to be used as breathable film packaging for fresh products.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The Effect of the Knife Tacking Type on the Process of Producing Microcrystalline Cellulose
- Author
-
Larisa V. Yurtayeva, Yuriy D. Alashkevich, Elena A. Slizikova, Evgeniy V. Kaplyov, and Snezhana A. Pozharkova
- Subjects
grinding of fibrous materials ,microcrystalline cellulose ,tacking ,hydrolysis ,fibrillation ,disc mill ,destruction ,degree of polymerization ,Forestry ,SD1-669.5 - Abstract
The article shows the possibility of intensifying the process of producing microcrystalline cellulose via pregrinding of fibrous semi-finished products before hydrolysis. The technological factors determining the grinding of fibrous materials have been considered. The efficiency of the microcrystalline cellulose production process is influenced by the choice of its production technology. For grinding, a semi-industrial disc mill with a tacking with rectilinear and curvilinear knives has been used. Multiphysics models of the flow of fibrous mass in the grinding zone of a disc mill with different knife tacking patterns have been constructed. The morphological properties of the fiber have been measured on the Morfi Neo automatic fiber analyzer after grinding to 65 °SR. The nature of the change in the properties of bleached sulfate hardwood and softwood cellulose has been analyzed. It has been found that it is identical for all degrees of grinding, but the quantitative characteristics change to the greatest extent when grinding softwood cellulose using a tacking with rectilinear knives: the weighted average length of fibers decreases by 17 %, the width – by 14 %; the content of broken fibers increases by 22 %, the content of fines along the length – by 67 % and the fibrillation index – by 1.9 times. A comparative analysis of the values of the degree of polymerization depending on the knife tacking pattern has been carried out. The conditions for producing microcrystalline cellulose after grinding the fibrous mass in a semi-industrial disc mill, depending on the degree of grinding, have been determined. It has been shown that with an increase in the degree of grinding of the fibrous mass from 15 to 65 °SR, the degree of polymerization of microcrystalline cellulose decreases from 272 to 120, the concentration of hydrochloric acid – from 2.5 to 1.5 N and the duration of hydrolysis – from 120 to 90 min. The developed method for producing microcrystalline cellulose makes it possible to reduce the cost of chemical treatment of the fibrous mass (acid concentration, treatment duration and hydrolysis temperature) by 1.5 times.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Screening of Miscanthus Genotypes for Sustainable Production of Microcrystalline Cellulose and Cellulose Nanocrystals.
- Author
-
Liu, Weiming, You, Lanqing, Wang, Sheng, Li, Jie, Chen, Zhiyong, Si, Buchun, Iqbal, Yasir, Xue, Shuai, Fu, Tongcheng, Yi, Zili, and Li, Meng
- Subjects
- *
SUSTAINABILITY , *CELLULOSE nanocrystals , *ZETA potential , *MISCANTHUS , *PARTICLE size distribution , *DEGREE of polymerization , *MICROCRYSTALLINE polymers - Abstract
Miscanthus spp. has been regarded as a promising industrial plant for the sustainable production of bio-based materials. To assess its potential for microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) production, 50 representative clones of M. sinensis and M. floridulus were selected from a nationwide collection showcasing the extensive diversity of germplasm resources. Descriptive analysis indicates that the dry biomass weight of M. floridulus is advantageous whereas M. sinensis demonstrates higher MCC and CNCs yields as well as a smaller CNCs particle size. Correlation analyses indicated that MCC yield is solely influenced by the cellulose content whereas the yield of CNCs is affected by both the cellulose content and CrI. Comparative analyses of the chemical composition, physical features (degree of polymerization, crystalline index, particle size distribution and zeta potential), and scanning electron microscopy indicated that the MCC and CNCs extracted from M. sinensis and M. floridulus exhibited remarkable stability and quality. Additionally, the CNCs derived from M. sinensis and M. floridulus exhibited a distinctive ball-shaped structure. Notably, machine learning has demonstrated its efficacy and effectiveness in the high-throughput screening of large populations of Miscanthus spp. for predicting the yield of MCC and CNCs. Our results have also laid the theoretical foundation for the exploration, cultivation, and genetic breeding of M. sinensis and M. floridulus germplasm resources with the purpose of MCC and CNCs preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Sustainable Production of Microcrystalline Cellulose Through Gas Phase Hydrolysis for Pharmaceutical Applications: Characterization and Life Cycle Assessment.
- Author
-
Hosseinzadeh, Jaber, Abdulkhani, Ali, Ashori, Alireza, Dmirievich, Pimenov Sergey, Hajiahmad, Ali, Abdolmaleki, Hamid, Sun, Fubao, and Echresh Zadeh, Zahra
- Subjects
SUSTAINABILITY ,PRODUCT life cycle assessment ,CELLULOSE ,SUSTAINABLE chemistry ,POWDERS ,CELLULOSE nanocrystals ,HYDROLYSIS ,BAGASSE - Abstract
Conventional microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) production via aqueous mineral acid hydrolysis is energy- and water-intensive, generating high wastewater volumes. An alternative green chemistry approach employs concentrated gaseous acids to enhance yield and conserve resources. This work aimed to develop an efficient, sustainable gas-phase hydrochloric acid (HCl)-air hydrolysis process for MCC production from cotton linters. MCC yield, structure, powder properties, tablet performance, and environmental impacts were characterized. The gas phase method successfully produced 96% MCC yield and 87% crystallinity, higher than commercial MCC (93% yield, 39% crystallinity). MCC powder exhibited 141 μm mean diameter, 0.91 m
2 /g surface area, and 245 °C onset decomposition. Tablet testing revealed balanced ductility and toughness. Reduced water (40 kg/kg cellulose), energy (188 MJ/kg MCC), and wastewater generation (39 kg/kg cellulose) were achieved versus conventional production. Tablet testing of MCC compacts revealed balanced ductility and toughness during compression. The HCl-air approach enabled high-yield, high-purity MCC synthesis under mild conditions while enhancing powder attributes, tablet performance, and sustainability compared to commercial manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Mechanochemical depolymerisation, chemical structure, and in vitro prebiotic potential of glucans derived from microcrystalline cellulose.
- Author
-
Yang, W.L., Yu, Y., Sun, Y.R., Ge, R.X., Yin, J.W., Dong, Y.B., Yang, Y.Y., Xu, Y.H., Li, Q., and Du, W.M.
- Subjects
GLUCANS ,BETA-glucans ,SHORT-chain fatty acids ,DEPOLYMERIZATION ,CELLULOSE ,CHEMICAL structure - Abstract
Conversion of economic microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) into high value-added prebiotic glucans, is not only stimulates utilisation of renewable lignocellulosic biomass, but also provides cheap prebiotics to reduce high incidence of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Herein, glucans (C
0.25 –C0.50 –C1.00 ) from MCC were prepared by pre-impregnation with dilute sulphuric acid (0.25–0.50–1.00%) and ball-milling treatment for 1 h. NMR spectroscopy and gel-permeation chromatography of the glucan products showed a significant reduction in the degree of polymerisation (DP) and molecular weights (Mw). All prepared glucans improved gut stress evaluated by in vitro digestion and fermentation (young and aging mouse faecal inocula). C1.00 with lower DP and Mw showed better water solubility, earlier peak, and exhibited increased 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl activity, higher ratios of Lactobacillus to Escherichia coli , and a higher level of short chain fatty acids better than C0.25 and C0.50 treatment (P < 0.05). Better prebiotic effects were observed in aging mice than in young mice. The highest ratio of Lactobacillus to E. coli was a 2.13-fold increase for aging mice compared to a 1.79-fold increase for young mice, relative to the initial value after C1.00 treatment. The study provides a novel pathway and a new resource for producing glucan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Development of a Polyethylene Breathable Packaging Film with Modified Microcrystalline Cellulose for Fresh Products.
- Author
-
Rodrigues, Pedro V., Castro, M. Cidália R., Soares, Ana M. S., Melro, Liliana, and Machado, Ana V.
- Subjects
PACKAGING film ,THERMOMECHANICAL properties of metals ,POLYETHYLENE ,CONTACT angle ,WATER vapor ,PERMEABILITY measurement ,MICROCRYSTALLINE polymers - Abstract
In this study, a material based on polyethylene (PE) and microcrystalline cellulose (MC) was developed as a breathable packaging film. Surface functionalization of MC with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) has been shown to be an efficient option to tailor their properties and increase opportunities for the application of MC on the reinforcement of polymers such as polyethylene (PE). The functionalization of MC with the mentioned silane derivative was achieved using a green method and later used in the development of composites with PE in three percentages (1, 3, and 5%). All the materials were prepared by melt blending and characterized in terms of structural properties (ATR-FTIR and FTIR in transmittance mode, EDX, and SEM), thermal properties (DSC and TGA), thermomechanical properties (DMA), contact angle measurements and permeability to water vapor. The materials demonstrated the potential to be used as breathable film packaging for fresh products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Silver-doped microcrystalline cellulose as a material for simple detection of urinary cysteine using a smartphone.
- Author
-
Phothitontimongkol, Theeradit and Unob, Fuangfa
- Subjects
CELLULOSE ,CYSTEINE ,THIOLS ,SMARTPHONES ,SILVER nanoparticles ,SULFHYDRYL group ,AFFINITY groups - Abstract
Thiol-bearing microcrystalline cellulose was demonstrated for the first time as a substrate for colorimetric detection of urinary cysteine based on the aggregation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on the cellulose surface. The cellulose was functionalized with 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane and doped with Ag(NH
3 )2 + (Ag-MCC). The obtained Ag-MCC was used to extract cysteine from samples, given the strong affinity of the thiol group of cysteine toward silver species. After treating the material with NaBH4 solution, AgNPs were produced on the material surface and the aggregation of AgNPs was induced by cysteine. The material color changed from yellow to orange and purple with increasing cysteine concentration. The color intensities were observed using a smartphone and ImageJ software. Under the optimized conditions, the linear working range for cysteine determination was in the range of 0 – 25 µM with the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.25 and 1.0 µM, respectively. The method was further applied to detect cysteine in human urine samples, and the recovery was found in the range of 81.2 to 110%. This cellulose showed potential as a green material for sensing applications with easy surface modification. The detection of micromolar-level cysteine was achievable with this concept using only a smartphone camera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Study of Biocomposite Films Based on Cassava Starch and Microcrystalline Cellulose Derived from Cassava Pulp for Potential Medical Packaging Applications.
- Author
-
Jeencham, Rachasit, Chiaoketwit, Nantawat, Numpaisal, Piya-on, and Ruksakulpiwat, Yupaporn
- Subjects
CASSAVA starch ,CASSAVA ,STARCH ,STERILIZATION (Disinfection) ,CELLULOSE ,CHEMICAL structure ,YOUNG'S modulus ,EDIBLE coatings ,MICROCRYSTALLINE polymers - Abstract
This study aimed to develop biocomposite films based on cassava starch and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) derived from cassava pulp for potential medical packaging applications. MCC was extracted from cassava pulp, and its structure and chemical composition, crystallinity, and thermal properties were characterized. The MCC showed a yield of 14.92% and crystallinity of 46.91%. Different MCC contents (1%, 3%, and 5% w/w of starch) were incorporated into cassava starch films. The effects of MCC contents on film properties, including morphology, thickness, mechanical strength, chemical interactions, moisture content, surface wettability, and water activity index, were studied. The effects of UV-C sterilization on the disinfection of starch/MCC on film properties were determined. Results showed that all starch/MCC films exhibited good transparency and thickness ranging from 127 to 144 µm. As MCC content increased from 1 to 5%, Young's modulus and tensile strength of the films improved significantly from 112.12 to 488.89 MPa and 3.21 to 11.18 MPa, respectively, while elongation at break decreased from 44.74 to 4.15%. Incorporating MCC also reduced film surface wettability, with the water contact angle increasing from 69.17° to 102.82°. The starch/3%MCC holds promise as a biocomposite film for medical packaging applications, offering advantages in terms of good transparency, mechanical properties, and surface hydrophobicity. Furthermore, the absence of microbial growth in the sterilized gauze pad with sealing in the sterilized starch/3%MCC film confirms that the UV-C sterilization, 30 min for each side at 254 nm effectively eliminated any microorganisms present on the starch/3%MCC film without damaging the film properties. This finding highlights a reliable approach to ensuring the sterility of starch/MCC films for medical packaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Advanced cellulose-based hydrogel TiO2 catalyst composites for efficient photocatalytic degradation of organic dye methylene blue.
- Author
-
Nguyen, Bang Cong, Truong, Thu Minh, Nguyen, Ngoc Thi, Dinh, Duong Ngoc, Hollmann, Dirk, and Nguyen, Mai Ngoc
- Abstract
Sustainable cellulose-based hydrogels are used in medicine and environmental science. Hydrogels’ porosity makes them excellent adsorbents and stable substrates for immobilizing photocatalysts to remove organic dyes. Despite their potential, the implementation of hydrogels for this purpose is still limited due to their high synthesis temperature and low cellulose content. To overcome these challenges, this study develops cellulose-based hydrogels, which have a high cellulose content and can be easily synthesized under ambient conditions. Containing a higher cellulose concentration than previous hydrogels, the synthesized hydrogels are more stable and can be reused numerous times in treatment operations. The hydrogel properties were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. Scanning electronic microscopy revealed that TiO2 nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed throughout the hydrogel's matrices. In addition, transparent hydrogels allow light to pass through, making them suitable substrates to remove organic dye. The results showed that the hydrogel with TiO2 was able to degrade nearly 90% of organic dye within 180 min. Furthermore, the hydrogel with the embedded catalyst exhibits the potential for reusability with a regeneration efficiency of 80.01% after five runs. These findings suggest that this novel hydrogel is a promising candidate for water pollution remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. 紫苏饼粕微晶纤维素酶法制备及表征.
- Author
-
郭誉嵘, 李会珍, 张志军, 韩婉毓, and 王彦博
- Abstract
Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. 基于结晶动力学研究聚丁二酸丁二醇酯/微晶 纤维素弱界面相互作用对其结晶行为的影响.
- Author
-
张阳, 廖壑, 张玥, and 张玉梅
- Abstract
Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Enhanced mechanical properties of epoxy composites using cellulose micro- and nano-crystals.
- Author
-
Semaan, Patricia, Zahran, Abraham, Schlapp-Hackl, Inge, Tehrani-Bagha, Ali R., and Mustapha, Samir
- Subjects
MICROCRYSTALLINE polymers ,CELLULOSE nanocrystals ,EPOXY resins ,CELLULOSE fibers ,CELLULOSE ,PARTICLE size distribution ,FRACTURE strength ,TENSILE strength - Abstract
Epoxy polymers are commonly utilized in structural applications due to their high bearing capacity and excellent chemical resistance. However, their inherent brittleness poses a significant challenge for their use in high shock and fracture strength products. To address this shortcoming, fillers can be incorporated into the polymer during preparation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of incorporating cellulose-based fillers, namely cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), on the mechanical properties of epoxy polymer composites. The study evaluated the impact of various factors, including filler concentration, particle size, and moisture content, on the mechanical properties of the composites. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of CNC or MCC powders at concentrations below 5% could enhance the mechanical properties of the resulting epoxy composites without adversely affecting their surface and thermal properties. The maximum tensile strength and fracture toughness of the filler-based epoxy composites were achieved at 2 and 4 wt% for CNCs and MCC, respectively. CNCs with a smaller particle size distribution were found to be much more effective than MCC in improving the mechanical properties of the epoxy composites. Furthermore, utilizing dried fillers resulted in a higher improvement in tensile strength, which was achieved at lower filler concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Isolation of microcrystalline cellulose from Musa paradisiaca (banana) plant leaves: physicochemical, thermal, morphological, and mechanical characterization for lightweight polymer composite applications.
- Author
-
Reddy, M. Indra, Sethuramalingam, Prabhu, and Sahu, Ranjeet Kumar
- Subjects
- *
PLANTAIN banana , *MICROCRYSTALLINE polymers , *CELLULOSE , *FOLIAGE plants , *BANANAS , *POLYMERS - Abstract
Natural cellulose owing to its remarkable microstructural and physiochemical behaviour, and its eco-friendliness have attracted significant interest among the researchers. Therefore, in this work, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is extracted from the Musa paradisiaca plant leaf (MPPL) debris which is accumulated in large quantity and treated as waste material. The purified micro-cellulose is obtained by subjecting the MPPL raw material to alkali treatment followed by acid hydrolysis, bleaching and slow pyrolysis. From the FT-IR spectra of the cleaned cellulose, it is observed that its amorphous phase is eliminated. The crystallinity index is found to be 87.42% and this value is attributed to the sodium chlorite bleaching. The particle size analyzer results show that the micro-cellulose found to have a bimodal distribution with an average size of 35.97 μm and standard deviation 16.53. It is evident from SEM that the microcrystalline cellulose is of semi-spherical in shape and found to be aggregated with uneven distribution. Further, TGA analysis is carried out in this work and the results show that the microcrystalline cellulose can exhibit high heat resistance up to 297 °C. Surface roughness values (Ra) for MPPL MCC is 58.41 μm. The properties are well suited for futuristic polymer composite applications such as filler addition in biofilm for packaging industries and coating material in pharma industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. СТРУКТУРНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ КОМПОЗИТНЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ ДЛЯ ОРТОПЕДИЧЕКИХ СТЕЛЕК
- Author
-
АБЗАЛБЕКУЛЫ, Б., ЕЛДИЯР, Г. К., and САБЫРХАНОВА, C. Ш.
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Almaty Technological University is the property of Almaty Technological University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Enhanced dissolution rates of glibenclamide through solid dispersions on microcrystalline cellulose and mannitol, combined with phosphatidylcholine.
- Author
-
Weecharangsan, Wanlop and Lee, Robert J.
- Subjects
MANNITOL ,DOSAGE forms of drugs ,SOLID dosage forms ,LECITHIN ,GLIBENCLAMIDE ,CELLULOSE - Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the impact of physical solid dispersions of spray-dried glibenclamide (SG) on the surface of microcrystalline cellulose (MC) and mannitol (M) surfaces, as well as their combination with phosphatidylcholine (P), on enhancing the dissolution rate of glibenclamide (G). Solid dispersions were prepared using varying proportions of 1:1, 1:4, and 1:10 for SG on the surface of MC (SGA) and M (SGM), and then combined with P, in a proportion of 1:4:0.02 using spray drying. The particle size, specific surface area, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dissolution rate of SGA and SGM were characterized. SEM analysis revealed successful adhesion of SG onto the surface of the carrier surfaces. XRD showed reduced crystalline characteristic peaks for SGA, while SGM exhibited a sharp peaks pattern. Both SGA and SGM demonstrated higher dissolution rates compared to SG and G alone. Furthermore, the dissolution rates of the solid dispersions of SG, MC and P (SGAP), and SG, M, and P (SGMP) were sequentially higher than that of SGA and SGM. The study suggests that physical solid dispersions of SG on MC and M, along with their combination with P, can effectively enhance the dissolution rate of G. These findings may be valuable in developing of oral solid drug dosage forms utilizing SGA, SGM, SGAP, and SGMP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Remediation of lead (II) ions from aqueous solution using composites of iron oxide nanoparticles immobilized on microcrystalline cellulose.
- Author
-
Kumar, Bhupender, Dahiya, Amarjeet, Babu, J. Nagendra, and Chowhan, L. Raju
- Subjects
LEAD ,IRON composites ,IRON oxides ,MICROCRYSTALLINE polymers ,AQUEOUS solutions ,IRON oxide nanoparticles ,CELLULOSE ,FERRIC oxide - Abstract
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles immobilized on microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) are studied for the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from an aqueous solution. Composites of iron oxide and MCC were synthesized with a 5%–20% loading of iron (w/w%). The effect of pH, concentration, and contact time was studied. The adsorption isotherms were fitted to nonlinear Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D‐R) isotherms, and kinetics were studied for pseudo‐first and second‐order kinetic fit models. Adsorption of Pb(II) ions increased with increasing pH value up to 5. Maximum adsorption of Pb(II) was observed up to 299.91 mg−1 in D‐R equilibrium for onto MCC‐Iron oxide composite for composite with iron loading of 20% at pH 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Cellulolytic characterization of the rumen-isolated Acinetobacter pittii ROBY and design of a potential controlled-release drug delivery system
- Author
-
Ruken Sariboga and Omer Faruk Sarioglu
- Subjects
Acinetobacter pittii ,Microcrystalline cellulose ,Cellulose nanoparticle ,Controlled-release drug delivery system ,Doxorubicin ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
A novel cellulolytic bacterial strain, ROBY, was isolated from a bovine rumen sample using the enrichment culture method. This isolate was found to be Acinetobacter pittii, with >99 % similarity according to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The potential use of this strain in combination with doxorubicin (Dox)-integrated cellulose nanoparticles (Dox-CNPs) was evaluated as a proof-of-concept study for the further development of this approach as a novel controlled-release drug delivery strategy. The isolate can utilize CNPs as the sole carbon source for growth and degrade both Dox-CNPs and empty CNPs with high efficiency. Extracellular cellulases isolated from bacteria may also be used to trigger Dox release. The results also demonstrated that the release of Dox into the environment due to nanoparticle degradation in the samples incubated with Dox-CNPs significantly affected bacterial cell viability (∼75 % decrease), proving the release of Dox due to bacterial cellulase activity and suggesting the great potential of this approach for further development.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. A simple approach to enhance dissolution of commercial paracetamol tablets for fast relief of pain
- Author
-
Alaa A. Abdulla and Murtada A. Oshi
- Subjects
croscarmellose sodium ,disintegration time ,factorial design ,fast-dissolving tablets ,microcrystalline cellulose ,pain ,paracetamol ,tablet dissolution rate ,Medicine - Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pain is considered a major clinical problem worldwide. Faster pain relief was reportedly achieved using a fast-dissolving paracetamol (APAP) tablet. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is the most widely used excipient to produce fast-dissolving APAP tablet formulations, but it retards the dissolution of APAP. The present investigation reports incorporation of croscarmellose sodium (CCS) instead of MCC into APAP commercial tablet formulations to enhance the dissolution rate of APAP. METHODS: A wet granulation method was used to prepare APAP tablets with various CCS concentrations, using a factorial design with 31 CCS concentrations as independent variables, while the dissolution percentage of the drug release at different time intervals was used as dependent variable. The disintegration time and dissolution rate of these APAP tablets were determined and compared with the dissolution rate of Amidol® and Panadol®, commercial APAP tablets available in Sudan. RESULTS: The mean time to complete disintegration of the APAP tablets with CCS was faster than that for the commercial APAP tablets, both Amidol® (0.58 min vs. 2.43 min) and Panadol® (0.58 min vs. 1.32 min), and these differences were statistically significant for Amidol (p≤0.001) and Panadol® (p≤0.01). Moreover, the dissolution rate for the APAP tablets with CCS was significantly faster than those for Amidol® and Panadol®. CONCLUSION: The dissolution of APAP from Amidol® and Panadol® can be successfully enhanced by incorporating CCS in their formulation and can be considered as a simple approach for fast-pain relieving using APAP.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. A new porous composite hydroxyapatite/chitosan/microcrystalline-cellulose: synthesis, characterization and application to the adsorption of Eriochrome Black T
- Author
-
Benali, Yassine, Mabrouki, Nabil, Agougui, Hassen, Jabli, Mahjoub, Majdoub, Hatem, Predoi, Daniela, Ciobanu, Steluța, Iconaru, Simona Liliana, Ţălu, Ştefan, and Boughzala, Khaled
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Effect of draw ratio and triggering temperature on properties of hydrothermal responsive shape memory microcomposite filaments
- Author
-
Semanie, Direselgn Molla, Zhang, Lei, Yesuf, Hanur Meku, Adamu, Biruk Fentahun, Zhou, Buguang, and Guo, Jiansheng
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Development of eco-friendly starch/microcrystalline cellulose biofilms with improved optical, dielectric and mechanical performance using layered double hydroxide as a reinforcing material
- Author
-
Rhalmi, Othmane, Ben Zarouala, Khadija, Messak, Youssef, Lahkale, Redouane, and Sabbar, Elmouloudi
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Adsorptive removal of Cu2+ and Ca2+ from aqueous solution by microcrystalline cellulose extracted from post-harvest banana pseudo-stem
- Author
-
Nguyen Thi, Quynh Anh, Nguyen, Manh Hien, Huy, Nguyen Nhat, Padungthon, Surapol, and Nguyen, Trung Thanh
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Sustainable microcrystalline cellulose extracted from biowaste Tephrosia purpurea leaves: biomass exfoliation and physicochemical characterisation
- Author
-
Alrasheedi, Nashmi H.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Industrial Hemp Hurd Processing for Microcrystalline Cellulose Production and its Usage as a Filler in Paper
- Author
-
Larisa V. Yurtayeva, Yuri D. Alashkevich, Eugene V. Kaplyov, Elena A. Slizikova, and Roman A. Marchenko
- Subjects
hemp ,microcrystalline cellulose ,refining ,refining degree ,hydrolysis ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
This article substantiates the possibilities of replacing commercial wood with raw materials made from industrial hemp hurd (hemp-woody core) for the production of unbleached and bleached paper pulps. A comparative analysis of the mechanical characteristics of sheets of paper prepared in the Rapid-Köthen apparatus and obtained from pulp obtained from commercial wood and hemp-woody core (HWC) was undertaken. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of mechanical refining of a pulp on the production of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) from HWC. It was shown that an increase in the pulp refining degree from 15 °SR to 83 °SR led to a decrease in the degree of polymerisation of MCC from 272 to 75, the hydrochloric acid concentration from 73 to 45.63 g/L, and the hydrolysis time from 120 min to 60 min. With the addition of 5% MCC obtained from hemp-woody core, the mechanical properties of laboratory paper sheets from HWC were improved until they met ISO 12625-4-2017 (2017) requirements for NS-2. The results obtained support using hemp-woody core for the production of MCC.
- Published
- 2024
47. CAPILLARY IMBIBITION TECHNIQUES USED TO CHARACTERIZE THESTRUCTURAL CHANGES IN MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE DUE TO WET AND DRY PROCESS
- Author
-
P. D. Ravazzoli, M. C. Balbi, N. E. Ceschan, G. Callegari, and G. Drazer
- Subjects
microcrystalline cellulose ,imbibition ,drops ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
In this work we study the change on the wettability and solid properties of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101)after it was wet and dried, through drop penetration experiments in slightly compacted porous beds. We perform these experiments with water and a silicone oil, (Polidimethilsyloxane–PDMS) and we determine a dimensionless parameter that takes into account all the water penetration factors, including wettability and swelling. We consider three different scenarios, original MCC, and after one and two wetting and drying cycles. For each case we study the particle size effects by considering two subset samples SiA)25
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Impact of Coconut Husk Microcrystalline Cellulose on the Properties of Geopolymer Lightweight Concrete
- Author
-
Rajalekshmi Parvathi and J. Prakash Arul Jose
- Subjects
microcrystalline cellulose ,geopolymer concrete ,filler material ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Geopolymer composite is an alternative to ordinary Portland cement. It has potential to avoid CO2 emissions to the atmosphere and to save raw materials during its manufacture. Flyash-based geopolymer concrete is altered by adding ground granulated bast-furnace slag (GGBS) to improve its fresh and hardened properties. Thermal ash aggregate is used as coarse aggregate to reduce geopolymer concrete density, improve strength, and conserve natural aggregate. Along with this matrix, coconut husk microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is added to enhance its performance. In a M40 grade flyash and GGBS-based geopolymer concrete, MCC was used to replace fly ash at 1% to 5% levels. The geopolymer composites were tested for slump, compression, split tensile, water absorption, and acid resistance to determine the way coconut husk MCC interacts with lightweight concrete. An inclusion of 3% MCC with geopolymer composites improved 2% slump, 6% of compressive and split tensile strength. About 1.6% of water absorption was reduced in GPC matrix with 3% of MCC. Meanwhile 3% of MCC in geopolymer concrete improved, 4% of weight and 7% of strength under acid exposure. The research strongly supported utilizing MCC in geopolymer concrete to render it more sustainable and eco-friendlier.
- Published
- 2024
49. The Effects of Microcrystalline Cellulose Addition on the Properties of Wood–PLA Filaments for 3D Printing.
- Author
-
Krapež Tomec, Daša, Schöflinger, Manfred, Leßlhumer, Jürgen, Gradišar Centa, Urška, Žigon, Jure, and Kariž, Mirko
- Subjects
- *
POLYLACTIC acid , *MODULUS of elasticity , *THREE-dimensional printing , *FIBERS , *CELLULOSE , *GLASS transition temperature , *WOOD - Abstract
This paper describes the use of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) as an additive in wood-polylactic acid (PLA) filaments suitable for 3D printing. Filaments prepared with PLA, thermally modified (TM) wood, and three different MCC loadings (1, 3, and 5 wt%) by two-step melt blending in the extruder were characterized with respect to their rheological, thermal, and mechanical response. The analyses demonstrate that a low MCC content (1%) improves the mobility of the polymer chains and contributes to a higher elasticity of the matrix chain, a higher crystallinity, a lower glass transition temperature (by 1.66 °C), and a lower melting temperature (by 1.31 °C) and leads to a higher tensile strength (1.2%) and a higher modulus of elasticity (12.1%). Higher MCC loading hinders the mobility of the polymer matrix and leads to a rearrangement of the crystal lattice structure, resulting in a decrease in crystallinity. Scanning electron micrographs show that the cellulose is well distributed and dispersed in the PLA matrix, with some agglomeration occurring at higher MCC levels. The main objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a filament containing an optimal amount of MCC to improve compatibility between wood and PLA, optimize melt processability, and improve mechanical properties. It can be concluded that a 1% addition of MCC favorably changes the properties of the wood–PLA filaments, while a higher MCC content does not have this effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. 3D Printed Sensors for Wearable Electronics and Smart Gesture Recognition.
- Author
-
Wu, Qiuping, Ma, Duixin, Tao, Xingyu, Wu, Fengxia, You, Guanglin, Wang, Bingzhen, Sun, Jianping, and Shi, Shaohong
- Subjects
- *
WEARABLE technology , *STRAIN sensors , *POLYVINYL alcohol , *GESTURE , *HUMAN-computer interaction , *THREE-dimensional printing - Abstract
Modern materials with unique structures and functions are inspired by nature. However, nature's craftsmanship is beyond the reach of traditional handmade techniques. 3D printing technology creates the possibility of creating bionic structures. In this study, inspired by the ability of spiders to sense the capture of prey through the vibration of their webs, a spider‐web‐like, highly sensitive hydrogel sensor is designed and printed. The hydrogel is made of eco‐friendly green polyvinyl alcohol cross‐linked with microcrystalline cellulose. Surprisingly, the 3D‐printed hydrogel sensor can manipulate the sensitivity by changing the angle and strain range of the structure. Accordingly, the Gauge factor (GF) of the 3D‐printed hydrogel (θ = 60°) is up to 58.23, which is 23.9 times higher than that of the non‐3D‐printed hydrogel sensor (GF = 2.43). The GF of the 3D‐printed hydrogel at other angles still remained high at 24.74 (θ = 90°) and 12.31 (θ = 120°), respectively. It can be seen that the 3D‐printed hydrogel sensor has advanced performance. In addition, an intelligent gesture recognition system for human–computer interaction is constructed using 3D‐printed hydrogel sensors, which offers potential prospects for helping people communicate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.