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Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia y Educación (2707-3378) is the property of Duanys Miguel Pena Lopez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Antecedentes: Una visión de la medicina espacial aplicada a los viajes al espacio profundo es un reto. A medida que las misiones espaciales aumentan su duración en el espacio y se extienden más allá de la órbita de la Tierra, también aumentarán los riesgos que conlleva trabajar en estas condiciones extremas y aisladas. Los efectos que sufren los astronautas en el espacio los circunscribimos en dos variables; la radiación y la microgravedad. Los peligros para la salud van desde una mayor exposición a la radiación, disminución de la masa corporal, el alargamiento de los telómeros, la inestabilidad del genoma, la distensión de la arteria carótida, el aumento del grosor de la íntima-media, cambios en el microbioma de la piel entre otros. Si un astronauta supera un vuelo en microgravedad de 3 a 6 meses desarrollará adaptaciones fisiológicas que conducen a la intolerancia ortostática. Todo lo anterior es necesario interpretarlo y reconocer que la gravedad cero y un viaje prolongado puede causar problemas en el cuerpo de un astronauta aun por reconocer. Objetivo: Evidenciar las condiciones de los astronautas en órbita baja descritas por estudios científicos en medicina aeroespacial. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica y se encontraron 58 documentos. Los artículos fueron obtenidos de las bases de datos NASA, Pubmed, Nature Riviews. Para la gestión y organización de la información se utilizó el programa Mendeley de libre acceso.

(1) Background: Functional abdominal bloating and distension (FAB/FAD) are common disorders of the gut–brain interaction. Their physiopathology is complex and not completely clarified, although gut microbiota imbalances play a central role. The treatment of FAB/FAD still represents a clinical challenge for both patients and healthcare providers. Gut microbiota modulation strategies might play a crucial role in their management. The aim of this narrative review was to update the current evidence on FAB/FAD, with a focus on gut microbiota. (2) Methods: In October 2023, a review was conducted through the Medline, PubMed, and Embase databases. Selected literature included all available English-edited studies (randomized controlled trials and cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies). (3) Results: Twelve studies were selected, most of which investigated the relationship between IBS and microbiota, with bloating being one of its symptoms. The studies suggest that restoring a balanced microbiome appears to be the most promising solution for better management of FAB/FAD. Targeted approaches, such as the use of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics such as rifaximin or dietary modifications, may hold the key to alleviating symptoms. Other therapeutic options, such as diet, neuromodulators, and brain–gut behavioral therapies (i.e., cognitive-behavioral therapy) have shown promising outcomes, but strong data are still lacking. (4) Conclusions: Targeted approaches that focus on the gut microbiota, such as the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics, are essential in managing FAB/FAD. Understanding the complex relationship between gut microbiota and FAB/FAD is crucial for developing effective treatments. Further studies are needed to explore the specific roles of different microbial populations in patients with FAB/FAD to enhance therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tree roots are associated with a high diversity of microorganisms that play key roles in soil fertility and plant nutrition and health. Here we examine the composition and diversity of bacterial community in ectomycorrhizal root (ECR) and their ectomycorrhizosphere (EMR) of the Neotropical tree Pinus montezumae inoculated with Laccaria laccata and Hebeloma mesophaeum, applied alone or co-inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense. For this, we used a 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding-sequencing approach in samples of ECR and EMR that were collected nine-months after inoculation in greenhouse. A total of 943 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU) were differentiated and grouped in 32 bacterial phyla. The most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria (67%) and Actinobacteria (20.7%). Bacterial communities were structured in ECR and EMR (Anosim, R=0.77, P≤0.005), and were more diverse in EMR than ECR (Shannon-Weaver of 4.2 and 3.6, and Simpson inverse of 33.7 and 16.7, respectively). The abundance of Pseudomonas, Actinoplanes and Salinibacterium were promoted with L. laccata, while with H. mesophaeum an OTU from Burkholderiaceae was prominent. Our results showed that the ectomycorrhizal fungi strongly shaped the composition of the bacterial communities associated with roots of P. montezumae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo de esta investigación fue obtener información sobre la alteración que se produce en la microbiota vaginal, así como las complicaciones obstétricas que se pudieran generar en mujeres embarazadas. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos que fueron publicados entre los años 2019 y 2024 los cuales contienen información relevante y actualizada del tema, utilizando base de datos como Google Scholar, Elsevier, Medigraphic, PubMed, Scopus, así como el uso operadores boleanos AND, OR, NOT, para generar mejores resultados centrados en el impacto del microbioma vaginal en la salud obstétrica. Los resultados indican que su alteración varía dependiendo de diferentes factores ya que existen un desequilibrio y el aumento del pH vaginal lo cual favorece a la proliferación de bacterias anaeróbicas, generando el desarrollo de vaginosis bacteriana relacionada con diferentes complicaciones que pueden afectar en diferentes etapas de la vida y en el caso de mujeres gestantes puede producir abortos espontáneos o partos prematuros, donde el uso de antibióticos y los cambios hormonales son factores que contribuyen a su alteración. En conclusión, es necesario mantener el equilibrio tanto en mujeres gestantes como no gestantes ya que aportaría en la prevención de diferentes infecciones y complicaciones a lo largo de la vida.

Introducción: El trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) es una alteración del neurodesarrollo heterogéneo y multifactorial de aparición temprana y que se desarrolla a lo largo de la vida de los pacientes. Las principales características del TEA son la falta de comunicación e interacción social, intereses delimitados y conductas sensoriales y motoras reiterativas, y que generalmente son personas dependientes de por vida. Comorbilidades como la periodontitis, alergias, trastornos gastrointestinales, disbiosis y microbiota oral e intestinal alterada son comunes en estos sujetos. Objetivo: Identificar las características del microbioma salival en sujetos con TEA de 6 a 18 años de edad y sujetos neurotípicos mediante una revisión narrativa de la literatura. Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en las siguientes bases de datos: Pubmed, Web of Science, Cochrane y Google académico, entre 2009 y 2024. Resultados: Fueron seleccionados cuatro artículos para el análisis y extracción de los datos Conclusión: Existe una relación entre la composición y características del microbioma de la saliva y la etiopatogenia y manifestación de enfermedades inflamatorias, neurodegenerativas y trastornos del neurodesarrollo, entre ellas el trastorno del espectro autista en la población infantil.

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Reddito is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The lung microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that colonize the respiratory tract of individuals from, or even before, birth. Although the lungs were traditionally believed to be sterile, recent research has shown that there is a diversity of bacterial species in the respiratory system. Knowledge about the lung microbiota in newborns and its relationship with bacterial infections is of vital importance to understand the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases in neonatal patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. In this article, the current evidence on the composition of the lung microbiota in newborns will be reviewed, as well as the risks that an altered microbiota can impose on premature newborns. Although advances in neonatal intensive care units have significantly improved the survival rate of preterm infants, the diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia has not progressed in recent decades. Avoiding dysbiosis caused by inappropriate use of antibiotics around birth, as well as avoiding intubation of patients or promoting early removal of endotracheal tubes, are among the most important preventive measures for ventilator-associated pneumonia. The potential benefit of probiotics and prebiotics in preventing infectious, allergic or metabolic complications in the short or long term is not clearly established and constitutes a very important field of research in perinatal medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resposta de um programa nutricional isento de aditivos melhoradores de desempenho comparado a um programa com uso de simbióticos, em situação de desafio entérico ou não, sobre a saúde intestinal e o desempenho de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 864 pintos de corte, machos de 1 dia de idade, linhagem Cobb. As aves foram distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, esquema fatorial 2 x 2 (2 dietas x 2 condições sanitárias), totalizando 4 dietas com 12 repetições de 18 aves por gaiola, totalizando 48 unidades experimentais. As dietas utilizadas foram dieta controle (Dieta A); dieta controle + simbiótico (Dieta B); dieta A + desafio entérico e dieta B + desafio entérico. Aos 14 dias de idade, foi aplicado o desafio entérico com vacina comercial para coccidiose (20 vezes a dose recomendada pelo fabricante) seguido da inoculação contendo Escherichia coli (ATCC® 8739™). O desafio entérico resultou em pior desempenho produtivo em todas as fases avaliadas, e alterou a morfometria da mucosa intestinal, cinco dias após o desafio. Aos 28 dias de idade, duas semanas após o desafio entérico, observou-se um processo de regeneração já em resolução. A suplementação das dietas com o simbiótico melhorou a conversão alimentar das aves aos 28 dias de idade, independentemente do desafio experimental. A suplementação com simbiótico resultou em maior força de ruptura, dureza e elasticidade da mucosa intestinal do jejuno das aves. Esses resultados evidenciam que é possível melhorar a produtividade com o uso alternativo de aditivos zootécnicos, mesmo em ambientes experimentais cujas variáveis são controladas e isentas de desafio que comprometa o bem-estar e a saúde animal.

En la actualidad, la expansión e intensificación de los cultivos acuícolas han experimentado un incremento en las densidades de camarones por metro cuadrado, produciendo un deterioro en la calidad de los suelos, desestabilizando la calidad del agua, ocasionando pérdidas en la producción por manejos inadecuados de los ambientes microbianos, rompiendo su equilibrio, incrementando la materia orgánica, condicionando un estrés para los animales y posteriormente su muerte. Estos deterioros son detonantes de las enfermedades bacterianas y virales, siendo los Vibrios sp., Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacterias sp., Streptococcos sp. responsables de estas. El objetivo de este trabajo se fundamentó en optimizar el uso de enzimas y probióticos para acelerar la degradación y re-mineralización de los suelos, mediante monitoreos del suelo e intestinos de camarones, en el desarrollo de protocolos para disminuir y controlar las enfermedades. Se identificaron los principales microbiomas tanto de cultivos en agua dulce como en agua salada; respectivamente, encontrándose Proteobacteria 88,60 % - 52,40 %, Tenericutes 2 % - 0,00 %, Fusobacteria 1,80 % - 0,40 %, Firmicutes 1,24 % - 32,10 %. Se estableció que la flora intestinal está directamente asociada con la microbiota presente en los suelos, reportándose para el sedimento y el tracto digestivo 1278 OTUs (unidades taxonómicas operativas), mientras que el agua y el sedimento presentaron 286 OTUs, con esta vinculación entre el suelo y el contenido intestinal, la modulación de la microbiota del suelo aseguró una mejor salud de los camarones. Los análisis de materia orgánica en los suelos determinaron que estas zonas anóxicas, en los fondos de los estanques, son detonantes para producir problemas de oxígeno durante el cultivo, impidiendo el crecimiento de los animales, debido al desgaste de energía que estos debieron invertir para sobrevivir. Cantidades de materia orgánica superiores a 5 %, son un inconveniente para los cultivos, razón por la que se establecieron protocolos empleando bacterias Nitrosomonas sp., Nitrosospira sp., Nitrosobacter sp., Bacillus sp., Pediococcus sp., etc., como degradadoras de compuestos nitrogenados, remineralizadoras y aceleradoras de la degradación de materia orgánica y compuestos tóxicos como el amoniaco. Aplicaciones simultáneas tanto de bacterias y de enzimas en dosis de 1 litro por hectárea directamente al suelo, en tres aplicaciones quincenales y 1,5 litros de probióticos dos veces por semana al fondo de los estanques, disminuyeron tanto la materia orgánica, controlaron las bacterias patógenas como vibrios a ufc g-1 óptimos, ayudaron a los procesos de óxido reducción acelerando los cambios químicos. Además, ayudaron en la reducción y de manera eficaz en la acumulación de toxinas por las condiciones anaeróbicas en el fondo del estanque; mejorando los parámetros de calidad del agua de compuestos nitrogenados y, sobre todo, ayudando en la profilaxis y control de bacterias patógenas en los camarones, asegurando producciones exitosas.

Objetivo: Comparar la diversidad y composición del microbioma gastrointestinal de pacientes con EspA. Métodos: La secuenciación MiSeq de la región V3-V4 del gen ARN ribosomal 16, se realizó en ADN aislado de heces. Se excluyeron pacientes con EspA y EII simultánea. Se evaluaron diferencias para los índices de riqueza y diversidad por medio de QIIME 2™. Las diferencias entre medias> 0,2%, con un valor de p< 0,05, se asumieron significativas. Aval del Comité de Ética Institucional. Resultados: 69 individuos incluidos, 49 con EspA (espondilitis anquilosante-EA 72,9%, artritis psoriásica-APs 18,8%, artritis reactiva-ARe 8,3%), cinco controles positivos-disbiosis y 15 controles-eubiosis. El tratamiento convencional en 42,9%, anti-IL-17 16,3%, y anti-TNF 40,8%. Por subtipo-EasP, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas a favor de EA para los índices de diversidad. Entre EA vs APs, hubo diferencia a favor de EA para Clostridium clostridioforme (p=0,002), Gemmiger formicilis (p=0,009), Roseburia inulivorans (p=0,008) y Lachnospira pectinoschiza. Entre EA vs ARe hubo diferencia a favor de EA para L. pectinoschiza (p=0,009), Ruminococcus callidus (p = 0,006), Clostridium ruminantium (p=0,031); G. formicilis (p=0,034). La diversidad y riqueza mostraron diferencias en pacientes con alta actividad para los índices de Simpson y Pielou. En alta actividad, se encontró menor enriquecimiento de Bacteroides eggerthii (p=0,0003), C. ruminantium (p= 0,026) y Alistipes putredinis (p= 0,035). El número de ASV fue superior en el grupo de anti IL-17 vs convencional (p=0.025), y una tendencia entre anti IL-17 vs anti-TNF (p=0,09). En anti TNF hubo menor proporción para C. clostridioforme (p=0,023), G. formicilis (p=0,030) y R. callidus (p= 0,003). Y en anti IL-17, Alistipes indistinctus (p= 0,012), estuvo disminuida. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias en la diversidad microbiana para los subtipos de EspA. El nivel de actividad de la enfermedad es plausible para influir en la composición de microbiota fecal. El tratamiento con anti-TNFα, puede influenciar el ambiente del microbioma favoreciendo la restauración de la microbiota intestinal, mientras los anti IL-17 podrían mantener un ambiente inflamatorio.

Recent metagenomic investigations of ticks have revealed that their microbiomes have a microbial diversity of endosymbionts and pathogens (pathobiome), which cause diseases in humans and other animals. Ticks are vectors of various diseases in cattle, so a more extensive study will elucidate their microbiome composition to propose new control and prevention strategies, such as anti-tick vaccines. This approach is promising and is based on identifying essential bacteria for the survival of the vector. Therefore, this work presents the metagenomic strategy to ticks for identifying the microbiota and the respective microbiome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Reddito is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality worldwide. Patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) may be at increased cardiovascular risk. This review provides an overview of clinical and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors, explores the connections between body composition (including fat mass and ectopic fat) and cardiovascular risk, and examines various methods for evaluating body composition. It particularly focuses on nutritional ultrasound, given its emerging availability and practical utility in clinical settings. Possible causes of increased cardiometabolic risk in PKU are also explored, including an increased intake of carbohydrates, chronic exposure to amino acids, and characteristics of microbiota. It is important to evaluate cardiovascular risk factors and body composition in patients with PKU. We suggest systematic monitoring of body composition to develop nutritional management and hydration strategies to optimize performance within the limits of nutritional therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Lainoamericana de Dermatologia Veterinaria SLDV is the property of Sociedad Latinoamericana de Dermatologia Veterinaria SLDV and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Medicina y Cine / Journal of Medicine & Movies is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

(1) Background: Functional abdominal bloating and distension (FAB/FAD) are common disorders of the gut–brain interaction. Their physiopathology is complex and not completely clarified, although gut microbiota imbalances play a central role. The treatment of FAB/FAD still represents a clinical challenge for both patients and healthcare providers. Gut microbiota modulation strategies might play a crucial role in their management. The aim of this narrative review was to update the current evidence on FAB/FAD, with a focus on gut microbiota. (2) Methods: In October 2023, a review was conducted through the Medline, PubMed, and Embase databases. Selected literature included all available English-edited studies (randomized controlled trials and cross-sectional, cohort, and case-control studies). (3) Results: Twelve studies were selected, most of which investigated the relationship between IBS and microbiota, with bloating being one of its symptoms. The studies suggest that restoring a balanced microbiome appears to be the most promising solution for better management of FAB/FAD. Targeted approaches, such as the use of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics such as rifaximin or dietary modifications, may hold the key to alleviating symptoms. Other therapeutic options, such as diet, neuromodulators, and brain–gut behavioral therapies (i.e., cognitive-behavioral therapy) have shown promising outcomes, but strong data are still lacking. (4) Conclusions: Targeted approaches that focus on the gut microbiota, such as the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and antibiotics, are essential in managing FAB/FAD. Understanding the complex relationship between gut microbiota and FAB/FAD is crucial for developing effective treatments. Further studies are needed to explore the specific roles of different microbial populations in patients with FAB/FAD to enhance therapeutic strategies.

Las comunidades microbianas son esenciales para la productividad de los agroecosistemas. En caña de azúcar, el uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados, como práctica de manejo común, mantiene los niveles de la productividad del cultivo e influye en la diversificación del microbioma, ocasionando cambios en la diversidad de los microorganismos involucrados en el ciclo del nitrógeno (N). El objetivo de este estudio consistió en analizar la influencia de diferentes regímenes de fertilización nitrogenada sobre la estructura y la composición de la comunidad microbiana rizosférica, en un experimento de larga duración. Esta investigación permitirá establecer un régimen de fertilización más preciso. Se demostró que no existen diferencias significativas en la composición y en la estructura de la comunidad bacteriana, al usar diferentes niveles de fertilización nitrogenada en caña de azúcar. Los Phylum Acidobacteria, Firmicutes y Mortierellomycota fueron los más relacionados con las dosis de nitrógeno recomendadas, para obtener altos rendimientos agrícolas, bajo las condiciones de Cuba; sin embargo, existieron variaciones en cuanto a composición y abundancias relativas de los Phylum de la micobiota respecto a las dosis de nitrógeno aplicadas, con predominio de los Phylum Ascomycota y Basidiomycota. Fueron detectadas diferencias significativas, a nivel de género y familia, debido a la presencia de organismos probióticos en las parcelas no tratadas.

La alergia alimentaria es una reacción adversa a ciertos los alimentos que han demostrado "mecanismos inmunológicos”; por lo tanto, este término abarca tanto las alergias alimentarias mediadas o no por la inmunoglobulina E (IgE). El mecanismo fisiopatológico común entre las formas de alergia a alimentos mediadas o no por IgE se encuentra en la falla de la tolerancia clínica e inmunológica hacia ese alimento. La inducción y el mantenimiento de la tolerancia inmunológica depende de la generación activa de células T reguladoras específicas para antígenos alimentarios. Este proceso está influenciado por factores genéticos (genes FOXP3) y epigenéticos condicionados por el medio ambiente (dieta, microbiota y sus productos). Puesto que el microbioma intestinal normalmente puede promover la tolerancia oral, la evidencia actual sugiere que las perturbaciones del microbioma pueden correlacionarse, o incluso predisponer, con la alergia alimentaria. Comprender el mecanismo patógeno subyacente a las alergias alimentarias mediadas por IgE permite implementar las medidas destinadas a restaurar la tolerancia clínica e inmunológica. El conocimiento de los mecanismos de la alergia alimentaria mejorará la perspectiva de los pacientes con alergias alimentarias inmediatas más graves y la anafilaxia, además de quienes tienes tienen enfermedades concomitantes (dermatitis atópica, esofagitis eosinofílica y los EGEID).

Rhizosphere microorganisms play an important role in the growth and health of plants. Around the world, diverse soil-borne pathogens attack Capsicum annuum causing significant damage and economic losses. This study determined whether the diversity and composition of microbial communities in the rhizosphere soil of C. annuum plants is significantly changed by wilt disease. We used the 16S rRNA gene for bacteria and the internal transcribed spacer region for fungi to characterize the rhizosphere microbiomes of healthy and wilted plants. The most abundant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes, while the most abundant fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Mucoromycota. The bacterial α-diversity did not show significant differences in richness and diversity, but did show a significant difference in evenness and dominance of species. Rare taxa were present in both healthy and wilted conditions with relative abundances < 1%. In the fungi, all evaluated estimators showed a significant reduction in the wilted condition. The β-diversity showed significant differences in the structure of bacterial and fungal communities, which were segregated according to plant health conditions. The same occurred when comparing the alpha and beta diversity of this study based on organic agriculture with that of other studies based on conventional agriculture. We observed a significant difference with estimators analyzed by segregating rhizosphere communities depending on the farming method used. Finally, the differential abundance analysis did not show significant results in the bacterial communities; however, in the fungal communities, Fusarium, Thanatephorus, Rhizopus, Curvularia, Cladosporium, and Alternaria were more abundant in the rhizosphere of wilted than healthy plants. Species from these genera have been previously reported as phytopathogens of several plants, including C. annuum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Peruana de Investigación Materno Perinatal is the property of Peruvian Journal of Maternal Perinatal Research / Revista Peruana de Investigacion Materno Perinatal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Health & Society is the property of Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Periodicojs and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The lung microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that colonize the respiratory tract of individuals from, or even before, birth. Although the lungs were traditionally believed to be sterile, recent research has shown that there is a diversity of bacterial species in the respiratory system. Knowledge about the lung microbiota in newborns and its relationship with bacterial infections is of vital importance to understand the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases in neonatal patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. In this article, the current evidence on the composition of the lung microbiota in newborns will be reviewed, as well as the risks that an altered microbiota can impose on premature newborns. Although advances in neonatal intensive care units have significantly improved the survival rate of preterm infants, the diagnosis and treatment of ventilator-associated pneumonia has not progressed in recent decades. Avoiding dysbiosis caused by inappropriate use of antibiotics around birth, as well as avoiding intubation of patients or promoting early removal of endotracheal tubes, are among the most important preventive measures for ventilator-associated pneumonia. The potential benefit of probiotics and prebiotics in preventing infectious, allergic or metabolic complications in the short or long term is not clearly established and constitutes a very important field of research in perinatal medicine.

Introduction: The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the health and well-being of birds, so the establishment of beneficial microorganisms and an adequate bacterial balance from the early days of the bird, is crucial for optimal intestinal development, good health and better productive performance. Therefore, research has been promoted on food alternatives that are natural, efficient and biologically safe to partially/totally reduce the use of grow promoters antibiotics (GPA). Objective: To evaluate the productive yield, the genetic abundance of digestion/transport proteins and the intestinal microbiota of chickens fed with natural antimicrobial products. Methodology: 192 day-old Ross308 male chickens were randomized and assigned to 4 diets: Control Diet 1 (D1-Ctrl): no antimicrobials; Diet 2 (D2-GPA): Ctrl+GPA (avilamycin, 10 ppm); Diet 3: Ctrl+oregano essential oil (D3-OEO, 150 ppm); Diet 4 (D4-PROB): Ctrl+Bacillus subtilis (50 ppm) for 42 days. Days 21 and 42 were measured productive variables (weight gain-WG and food conversion-FC); in addition, 8 birds were sacrificed for treatment for extraction of metagenomic DNA from intestinal content (jejunum), and to evaluate the gene expression of enzymes-transporters (MgA, SI and SGLT-1, GLUT-2 and GLUT-5) and microbiota (diversity and composition). The different variables were evaluated under an experimental design of random complete blocks with 8 replicates. Results and discussion: the addition of Bacillus subtilis and OEO had a positive impact (P<0.05) on WG and FC; in addition, the expression of enzymes-carriers increased (P<0.05). The use of Bacillus subtilis promoted more diverse intestinal microbiomes compared to D2-GPA, while the addition of OEO preserved the equilibrium of the microbiome. Conclusion: OEO and Bacillus subtilis modulate the jejunum microbiome differently compared to GPA (avilamycin), promoting the diversity of the microbiome; improving function (molecular expression of enzymes-transporters in enterocyte) and yield in poultry. Moreover, these products could partially replace the use of GPA's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The post-weaning stage is characterized mainly by damage to the surface of the intestinal epithelium, which compromises digestion-absorption processes, and in turn the productive performance of the piglet in this stage. Thus, nutrients that were not digested/absorbed by the animal are available to pathogenic microorganisms capable of inducing damage to the intestinal barrier. Therefore, the removal of Growth Promoting Antibiotics (GPA) at the productive level has increased research on the development of natural additives that help to counteract the negative effects of weaning, while maintaining the productivity and profitability of productive systems. Objective: To evaluate the productive performance, the enzymes expression and activity, and the intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets at 21 days with the supplementation of oregano essential oil (Lippia origanoides). Methods: 72 weaned male piglets at 21 days of age were randomly assigned to 3 diets: Control Diet 1 (D1-Ctrl) without GPA; Diet 2 (D2-GPA): Ctrl+GPA (bacitracin, 350 ppm); Diet 3: oregano essential oil (D3-OEO, 150 ppm). On days 15 and 30 postweaning, productive variables were measured (intake, final weight gain-FWG and feed conversion index-FCI); in addition, 8 piglets were sacrificed per treatment to evaluate the gene expression of enzymes and transporters (ApN, ApA, DpP-IV, MgA, SI and SGLT-1, GLUT-2, GLUT-5), and microbiota (diversity and composition) in jejunum. The different variables were evaluated under an experimental design of random complete blocks with 8 replicates. Results and Discussion: piglets that received D3-OEO had a better productive yield compared to treatment with APC (P<0.05). The expression and activity of enzymes and transporters was significantly higher (P<0.05) with the use of OEO. In addition, the addition of OEO improved (P<0.05) microbiome diversity and growth of beneficial genera compared to the addition of D2-GPA. Conclusion: The use of oregano essential oil (Lippia origanoides) improved function (expression/activity of enzymes and transporters at enterocyte level) and the distribution and diversity of the intestinal microbiota, which increased the productive yield of piglets during the weaning stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Weaning is the most critical period during the life of the pig, because its digestive structure has not fully developed at the time of weaning, increasing the appearance of damage to the intestinal structure (barrier), infections (microbial) and diarrhea. The removal of Growth Promoting Antibiotics (GPAs) to prevent infections at the productive level, has increased the commercial development of natural additives that help to reduce the negative effects of early weaning without affecting the health, productivity and profitability of productive systems. Objective: To evaluate the addition of different antimicrobials in the food on the productive yield, the genetic abundance of barrier proteins and the intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets. Methods: 72 weaned male piglets at 21 days of age were randomized in the following dietary groups: Control Diet 1 (D1-Ctrl): no GPA; Diet 2 (D2-GPA): Ctrl+GPA (bacitracin, 350 ppm); Diet 3 (D3-PROB): Ctrl+Bacillus subtilis PB6 (PTA-6737). On 15 and 30 days after weaning, the productive variables were quantified: weight gain-WG and food conversion-FC. On days 1, 15 and 30 postweaning 8 piglets were euthanized by treatment and a portion of the jejunum was removed to quantify the gene abundance of barrier proteins (Ocludin-OCLN, Zónula Occludens-ZO-1 and Claudins-CLAU) and microbiota (diversity and composition). The different variables were evaluated under an experimental design of random complete blocks with 8 replicates Results and Discussion: Piglets that consumed during the post-weaning stage the D3-PROB diet had a better productive yield (WG and FC, P<0.05); showed a greater abundance (P<0.05) of CLAU-1, CLAU-4, OCLN, ZO-1 genes; and increased (P<0.05) the diversity of beneficial genera compared to the addition of D2-GPA (P<0.05). Conclusion: These molecular results may be directly related to the integrity and intestinal health of piglets during postweaning, since supplementation with D3-PROB improved the expression of intestinal barrier genes (CLAU-1, CLAU-2, OCLN and ZO-1) and the distribution and diversity of the intestinal microbiota, which was reflected in the productive parameters (DWG and FCI) evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biological control is a potential and sustainable option to deal with crop production and yield problems affected by insects or pathogenic microorganisms. In vanilla crop, obtaining the natural scent present in its fruits is limited, mainly by diseases that affect commercial crops. The main disease of vanilla crop is root and stem rot (RSR), caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-vanillae and F. oxysporum f. sp. vanillae. We found that the use of endophytic fungi (EF) isolated from healthy or asymptomatic plants requires systematic research for the selection of the most effective species to control pathogens, particularly in this crop. Additionally, there is no evidence reported with respect to this topic, in spite of, the use of these microorganisms is a natural alternative in other crops, compared to the use of agrochemicals used in traditional agriculture. This review addresses the perspective, and raises the need for research on the potential use of endophytic fungi as biological control agents of fungal pathogens in cultivated plants, emphasizing the relationship Endophytic fungi-Vanilla-pathogenic Fusarium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) allows the monitoring of microbiota composition of murine colonies employed for scientific purposes in a single test by assessing the composition of gut microbiome and the detection of pathogens from fecal pellets. In this study, we tested the potential use of mNGS for monitoring both microbiota composition and the presence of pathogens through Environmental Health Monitoring, by using exhaust dust collection filters derived from individually ventilated cages (IVC) systems. mNGS analysis was performed on nucleic acids isolated from filters collecting air from the exhaust of: (1) cages with mice housed in a non-pathogen free facility; (2) animal-free cages with clean chow and bedding from the same facility; (3) cages housing mice from a specific-pathogen free (SPF) facility. mNGS results revealed correspondence between microbiome composition from fecal pellets and filter, including pathogenic bacteria (Helicobacter hepaticus, Helicobacter typhlonius, Chlamydia muridarum, Rodentibacter pneumotropicus, Citrobacter rodentium), intestinal protozoa (Tritrichomonas muris, Spironucleus muris) nematoda (Aspiculuris tetraptera) and eukaryotic parasites (Myocoptes musculinus), present in the colony. Entamoeba muris and Syphacia obvelata were detected in fecal pellets but not in filter. The animal free exhaust dust filter, exposed to clean cages (no mice) placed in the IVC after removal of all mice, exhibited the presence of the same pathogens due to contaminated connecting pipes, confirming the sensitivity of the approach. Conversely, the filter from SPF colony revealed the absence of pathogens. The current use of exhaust dust collection filters in health surveillance requires multiple molecular tests to identify specific pathogens and does not provide information on the colony microbiome. This work provides the proof-of-principle that assaying exhaust dust collection filters by mNGS for microbiota monitoring of laboratory mice is feasible. In its daily application, results suggest the usefulness of the test in SPF facilities, where pathogenic micro-organisms are expected to be absent. mNGS analysis of exhaust dust collection filters allows the analysis of multiple cages, reducing the number of tests required for pathogen detection and corresponding costs, and avoiding the use of sentinel mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Horticolas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Megalopyge opercularis (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Megalopyridae) is a nocturnal moth of medical importance because it causes adverse immunological reactions in humans. In this study, we determined the microbiota composition of M. opercularis at the larval (caterpillars) and adult (moths) stages by next-generation sequencing. DNA was extracted from the caterpillars and moths, and the 16S rRNA prokaryote gene was then amplified and sequenced with next-generation sequencing to assess bacterial richness. Comparison of the microbiota of the caterpillars and adults revealed variation in species composition and diversity. The microbiota of the caterpillars of M. opercularis was composed of 259 species, dominated by the families Geodermatophilaceae (12%), Propionibacteriaceae (10.41%), Clostridiaceae (9.63%), and Nitriliruptoraceae (7.72%). In the adult moths, we found 138 species, and the most abundant families were Nostocaceae (24%) and Methylobacteriaceae (21%). Species richness in M. opercularis was higher in the caterpillars compared to adults. We determined that only some groups of bacteria could persist from 1 stage to another. The results obtained are essential to know about the ecology of M. opercularis and contribute to our understanding of the impact that microorganisms have on the physiological mechanisms of poisonous lepidopterans. Megalopyge opercularis (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Megalopyridae) es una especie de polilla nocturna perteneciente a la familia Megalopyridae de importancia médica debido a las reacciones inmunológicas causadas en humanos por sustancias urticantes ubicadas en sus estructuras espinosas. En este estudio, determinamos el microbioma de M. opercularis en su estado larval y en su estado adulto. Se extrajo el ADN de larvas y adultos y se amplificó el gen rRNA 16S mediante tecnologías de secuenciación de nueva generación. Las comparaciones del microbioma larval contra el microbioma adulto revelaron variación tanto en la composición como en la diversidad de especie. El microbioma larval de M. opercularis está compuesto de 259 especies, dominado por las familias Geodermatophilaceae (12%), Propionibacteriaceae (10.41%), Clostridiaceae (9.63%), y Nitriliruptoraceae (7.72%). En el microbioma adulto encontramos 138 espcies, las familias más abundantes fueron Nostocaceae (24%) y Methylobacteriaceae (21%). La riqueza de especies encontradas en M. opercularis fue mayor en las orugas en comparación con los adultos. Determinamos que solo algunos grupos de bacterias podían persistir de una etapa a otra. Los resultados obtenidos son importantes para conocer la ecología de esta polilla y contribuyen a comprender el impacto que tienen los microorganismos en los mecanismos fisiológicos de los lepidópteros venenosos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevailing mind-body dualism in contemporary medicine, rooted in reductionism and the fragmentation of knowledge, has impeded the development of a conceptual model that can adequately address the complexity of illnesses. Integrating biomedical data into a cohesive model that considers the mind-body-context interconnections is essential. This integration is not merely theoretical; rather, it has significant clinical implications. This is exemplified by chronic stress-related mental and digestive disorders. The onset and development of these disorders are intimately linked to chronic psychological stress via the brain-gut-microbiota axis. The present article examines the evidence and mechanisms indicating that stress is a primary factor and a potentiator of symptom severity in common mental health and digestive diseases, with a particular focus on human studies. However, due to space limitations, only a very general overview of preventive and therapeutic clinical strategies is provided. It is hoped that the recurring phrase, "Everything that happens to you is due to stress," will become more comprehensible to the physician after reading this manuscript., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

The human gut microbiota is associated with the development and progression of colorectal cancer, and manipulation of the gut microbiota is a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. Some bacteria have antitumor activity against colorectal cancer, where specific bacteria can improve the tumor microenvironment, activate immune cells including dendritic cells, helper T cells, natural killer cells, and cytotoxic T cells, and upregulate the secretion of pro-tumor immune cytokines such as interleukin-2 and interferon. In this paper, we summarize some bacteria with potential benefits in colorectal cancer and describe their roles in the tumor microenvironment, demonstrate the application of gut microbes in combination with immunosuppressive agents, and provide suggestions for further experimental studies and clinical practice applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Puberty is a critical phase of life associated with physiological changes related to sexual maturation, and represents a complex process regulated by multiple endocrine and genetic controls. Puberty is driven by hormones, and it can impact the gut microbiome (GM). GM differences between sex emerge at puberty onset, confirming a relationship between microbiota and sex hormones. In this narrative review, we present an overview of precocious pubertal development and the changes in the GM in precocious puberty (PP) in order to consider the role of the sex hormone-gut microbiome axis from the perspective of pediatric endocrinology. Bidirectional interactions between the GM and sex hormones have been proposed in different studies. Although the evidence on the interaction between microbiota and sex hormones remains limited in pediatric patients, the evidence that GM alterations may occur in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) represents an interesting finding for the prediction and prevention of PP. Deepening the understanding of the connection between the sex hormones and the role of microbiota changes can lead to the implementation of microbiota-targeted therapies in pubertal disorders by offering a pediatric endocrinology perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciências Agrárias is the property of Sociedade de Ciencias Agrarias de Portugal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciências Agrárias is the property of Sociedade de Ciencias Agrarias de Portugal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la ALAD is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The association between gut microbiota and animal models of multiple sclerosis has been well established; however, studies in humans are scarce. Methods: We performed a descriptive, cross-sectional study comparing the relative composition of gut microbiota in 30 patients with multiple sclerosis (15 treated with interferon β-1b, 15 not receiving this treatment) and 14 healthy controls using next generation sequencing. Results: Patients with multiple sclerosis and controls showed differences in the proportion of Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Lentisphaerae phyla and in 17 bacterial species. More specifically, we found significant differences in the proportion of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Lentisphaerae and 6 bacteria species between controls and untreated patients; however, these differences disappeared when compared with treated patients. Untreated patients showed a significant reduction in the proportion of Prevotella copri compared to controls, while the bacteria was significantly more abundant in patients treated with interferon β-1b than in untreated patients, with levels resembling those observed in the healthy control group. Conclusion: We observed differences in gut microbiota composition between patients with multiple sclerosis and controls, and between patients treated and not treated with interferon β-1b. In most cases, no differences were observed between treated patients and healthy controls, particularly for P. copri levels. This suggests that the clinical improvements observed in patients with multiple sclerosis receiving interferon β-1b may result from the effect of the drug on gut microbiota. Longitudinal and functional studies are necessary to establish a causal relationship. Resumen: Introducción: El papel de la microbiota en los modelos animales de esclerosis múltiple está bien establecido; por el contrario, los estudios en humanos son escasos. Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo que compara la composición relativa de la microbiota intestinal en 30 pacientes con esclerosis múltiple (15 tratados con interferón β-1b, 15 sin tratamiento) y 14 controles sanos utilizando la secuenciación de última generación. Resultados: Los sujetos control y los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple presentaron diferente abundancia de los filos Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, y Lentisphaerae y 17 especies bacterianas. Concretamente, la abundancia en Firmicutes, Actinobacteria y Lentisphaerae y 6 especies mostró diferencias al comparar los grupos control y sin tratamiento, desapareciendo esta diferencia cuando se compararon con los pacientes tratados. Se observó reducción estadísticamente significativa en la abundancia de Prevotella copri en pacientes sin tratamiento en comparación con controles, mientras que los tratados con interferón β-1b presentaron un aumento significativo frente a pacientes sin tratamiento, asemejándose al grupo de pacientes sanos control. Conclusión: La composición de la microbiota intestinal fue diferente entre los pacientes con esclerosis múltiple y los controles, y entre los pacientes sin tratamiento y los tratados con interferón β-1b. En la mayoría de los casos, no se encontraron diferencias entre los pacientes tratados y los controles sanos, siendo especialmente evidente con P. copri. Esto podría indicar que la influencia del interferón β-1b sobre la microbiota intestinal podría subyacer en los beneficios clínicos observados en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple que siguen este tratamiento. Serán necesarios estudios longitudinales y funcionales para poder mostrar causalidad.