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This review highlights the advantages of using micro–nano bubble (MNB) technology in various applications of wastewater treatment. Initially, the review examines key performance dissimilarities among different types of bubbles toward the treatment process. Specifically, a qualitative and quantitative meta-analysis of the effects of MNBs in the removal of target pollutants found in wastewater from different sources is conducted. A review on the MNBs characterization techniques to identify bubble size, size distribution, and accordingly bubble rising velocity as well as gas mass transfer rates, zeta potential, generation of free radicals, and bubble stability is also included. Moreover, the effect of bubble size on the efficiency of municipal and industrial wastewater treatment processes is evaluated. Finally, the applications of MNBs are investigated to explore their effectiveness in different wastewater treatment processes, such as ozonation, flotation/dissolved air flotation, aeration, and other processes. It is anticipated that the use MNBs could be a promising sustainable and low-cost wastewater treatment technology.

The effect of mechanical strength of the dispersed particle gels (DPG) on their macro plugging performances is significant, however, little study has been reported. In this paper, DPG particles with different mechanical strengths were obtained by mechanical shearing of bulk gels prepared with different formula. Young's moduli of DPG particles on the micro and nano scales were measured by atomic force microscope for the first time. The mapping relationship among the formula of bulk gel, the Young's moduli of the DPG particles and the final plugging performance was established. The results showed that when the Young's moduli of the DPG particles increased from 82 to 328 Pa, the plugging rate increased significantly from 91.46% to 97.10% due to the distinctly enhanced stacking density and strength at this range. While when the Young's moduli of the DPG particles surpassed 328 Pa, the further increase of plugging rate with the Young's moduli of the DPG particles became insignificant. These results indicated that the improvement of plugging rate was more efficient by adjusting the Young’s moduli of the DPG particles within certain ranges, providing guidance for improving the macroscopic application properties of DPG systems in reservoir heterogeneity regulation.

Plastic contamination by micro(nano)plastics represents one of the main threats that ecosystems have to currently face. The impact of micro(nano)plastics on organisms and ecosystems is not fully understood neither in the field nor the laboratory because of the lack of analytical methods that allow to accurately detect and quantify the exposure. This is particularly true for small sized microplastics and nanoplastics, whose quali-quantification is troublesome. Different analytical techniques can be used to measure micro(nano)plastics levels in different matrices, but recently the application of thermal analysis emerged as a promising approach. This review highlights the importance and the advantages of thermal analyses to assess the exposure to micro(nano)plastics in ecotoxicological and toxicological studies.

In this study, halibut bone, a byproduct of Greenland halibut processing, was prepared into a thick soup through a non-frying process. The formation of colloidal micro-nano particles and flavor characteristics in halibut bone soup was explored. The results showed that the nutrients in halibut bones migrated to the soup continuously with the cooking process and reached the highest concentration (total sugars, 38.16 mg/100 ml; water-soluble proteins, 25.71 mg/ml; fatty acids, 2.15 g/100 ml; solids, 1.14 g/100 ml) at 150 min. Taste substances such as organic acids, 5'-nucleotides and total free amino acids (TFAAs) content in halibut bone soup also reached maximum at 150 min. At this time, results for particle size showed that MNPs with uniform size (725.62 nm) were formed, which made the bone soup milky white, stable, and had good tasting. Headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry results showed that a total of 59 volatile substances were detected from the halibut bone soup. The content of volatile flavor substances in the 150 min group was lower than that in the 90-120 min group. Meanwhile, aldehydes and ketones gradually became esters. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Soup is an indispensable part of the world food culture. In order to increase the added value of Greenland halibut, halibut bone soup was studied in this paper. This study found that halibut bone soup that had not been fried, formed the MNPs and has a more harmonious and pleasant flavor. Thus, non-fried halibut bone soup is a good processing method and can improve economic efficiency.

Plastic particles of diameters ranging from 1 nm to 5 mm are known as micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) and are frequently utilized in biomedical and consumer applications. As a result of unregulated disp...

Dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) is an energetic ionic salt that has many advantages over conventional explosives, including high detonation speed, high energy, and low to...

Background Engineering nanoscale matter in a controlled functional system has expanded the area of science in the state-of-art of nanotechnology. The urgency in introducing real-time health monitoring sensors and rapid diagnostic tools in medical health is indeed high and crucial to date. The efforts are accompanied by nanotechnology to improve the sensors performances. In this line, semiconductor materials (Silicon/Silica) have been in well-focus to develop micro-/nano-sensors. Methods Further, additional layering such as metal oxide and graphene material have elevated the current scenario in biosensor developments. Among these, two-dimensional graphene nanomaterial owns its remarkable mechanical, electronic, electrochemical, and optical properties, has excited the medical field to develop graphene-based biosensors for human health diagnosis and monitoring. The oxygen rich graphene materials enhance the bio-functionalization of recognition bio-elements for excellent graphene-based biosensor development. Significance This review encloses the excellence of semiconductor materials in conjunction with biosensors for monitoring health and diagnosis. The advances and challenges encountered with developing semiconductors for nanobiosensors from laboratory set-up to the novel hand-held device for rapid and accurate human health care are outlined.

The mismatch between the degradation performance of bioactive bone cement (calcium phosphate-CPC and calcium sulfate-CSC) and the growth rate of new bone has always restricted its clinical application. In view of the weak mechanical strength and poor degradation performance of CPC and CSC, this study first prepared micro-nano calcium phosphate (MNC) with different Ca/P ratio and explored the influence of MNC on the hydration and mechanical properties of cement by adding MNC to the CPC and CSC. The results show that MNC can promote the hydration reaction of CPC and CSC and affect the growth of cement crystals. Among all groups, MNC with Ca/P ratio of 1.2 can greatly improve the mechanical properties and setting time of CPC, increase the compressive strength of CPC from 10.18 ± 1.51 to 19.23 ± 0.55 MPa, and shorten the setting time from 38.33 ± 2.89 to 18.33 ± 2.89 min. In addition, the addition of low content of MNC promoted the degradation of CPC, and also promoted the self-reinforcing effect of CPC during the degradation process, and further improved the mechanical properties of cement. MNC not only affects the morphology of CSC crystals but also produces calcium phosphate particles with smaller diameters to fill between the CSC crystals, which reduces porosity, improves mechanical properties, and delays the degradation of CSC. The as-prepared cements were supposed to match the new bone ingrowth in vivo and have the potential application in orthopedic surgery for filling non-load-bearing bone defects.

A double acid corrosion and subsequent hydrothermal treatment were used to fabricate a micro–nano-structured Ti substrates (Ti–M–N). Afterward, the mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) nanoparticles as photothermal agent were prepared and immobilized on the surface of Ti–M–N samples, in order to obtain Ti–M–N-MPDA sample. Unique micro–nanostructure properties and the photothermal effect of the modified Ti implant caused physical stress on the bacteria and the bacterial membrane damage, and eventually led to bacteria death. More importantly, based on excellent bioactivity and cytocompatibility of mussel-inspired materials, MPDA promoted adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Furthermore, animal experiments in vivo further confirmed that the modified Ti implants could enhance osseointegration. 使用双酸腐蚀和随后的水热处理来制造微纳米结构的 Ti 衬底 (Ti-M-N)。 随后, 制备了作为光热剂的介孔聚多巴胺 (MPDA) 纳米颗粒并将其固定在 Ti-M-N 样品的表面, 以获得 Ti-M-N-MPDA 样品。 独特的微纳米结构特性和改性钛植入物的光热效应对细菌造成物理压力和细菌膜损伤, 最终导致细菌死亡。 更重要的是, 基于贻贝材料优异的生物活性和细胞相容性, MPDA在体外促进间充质干细胞的粘附、增殖和成骨分化。 此外, 体内动物实验进一步证实, 改性钛植入物可以增强骨整合

Ir-Ni-Ta metallic glasses (MGs) exhibit an array of superior high-temperature properties, making them attractive for applications at high temperatures or in harsh environments. However, Ir-Ni-Ta bulk MGs are quite brittle and often fracture catastrophically even before plastic yielding, significantly undercutting their high-strength advantage. Here, we show that the Ir-Ni-Ta MGs are not intrinsically brittle, but rather malleable when the feature size is reduced to micro/nano-scales. All tested Ir-Ni-Ta MG micropillars with a diameter ranging from ~500 nm to ~5 µm display a large plastic strain above 25% (the maximum up to 35%), together with a yield strength up to 7 GPa, well exceeding the strength recorded in most metallic materials. The intrinsic shear stability of Ir-Ni-Ta MGs, as characterized by the normalized shear displacement during a shear event, is much larger than those malleable Zr- and Cu-based MGs. Our results suggest that Ir-Ni-Ta MGs are excellent candidates for micro/nanoscale structural applications used at high-temperature or extreme conditions.

Plastics have overwhelmingly been employed in every sector of human life, ranging from the cosmetics and food industry to transportation and electronics. It resulted in emerging plastic pollution worldwide, which poses serious threats to the natural ecosystem and human health. This mini-review highlights human exposure to micro(nano)plastics in the environment and evaluates bioplastics as a health/environment safer option.

In this review, numerous analytical methods to quantify the heavy and trace elements emitted from electronic cigarettes, cigarettes liquid and atomizer. The selection of a method was dependent upon the purpose, e.g., quantification or identification of elements only. The introductory part of this review focuses on describing the importance of setting up an electronic cigarettes- associated safety profile. The review dealt with studies that assessed elements in sizes ranging from nano to micro. The formation of different degradation chemical substances as well as impurity trends can be indicated through chemical investigation of metals in electronic cigarettes. Some studies have been covered that show the uses and benefits of. It is noticeable from all the collected sources that the minerals emitted from the smoke of e- cigs do not constitute any significant damage, as the percentage is very small, with the exception of minerals that may be emitted from the components of the device after heating it if the components of the e- cig are of poor specifications, except in the case of long-term accumulation. For this reason, an electronic cigarette can help smokers to quit smoking tobacco and replace it with electronic cigarettes smoke with distinctive flavors.

This study aimed to fabricate micro-nano bioactive glass (MNBG) scaffolds loaded with chemotherapeutics and siglec-15 monoclonal antibody with bone repair capability and high-active drug loading capability for postoperative treatment of osteosarcoma. Bioactive glass (BG) particles were incorporated with siglec-15 mAb and gemcitabine through mesopores and calcium ions on the surface. Dendritic cells (DCs) were treated with siglec-loaded BGs and gemcitabine. RT-qPCR analysis was conducted to detect DJ-1 and PTEN mRNA levels, CCK-8 technology to detect cell activity, and flow cytometry to detect cell apoptosis. Rats were administrated with siglec-15-MNBG composite scaffolds with/without gemcitabine. 3D printing was used to determine adhesion strength of each group. Administration of MNBG scaffold decreased the expression of PTEN and up-regulated expression of DJ-1 when inducing cell apoptosis. Combined treatment with gemcitabine augmented adhesion of material and enhanced phosphorylation activity of p-AKT, mitigating the inhibitory effect of scaffold loaded with siglec-15 on p-AKT protein expression. Collectively, MNBG scaffold loaded with siglec-15 might promote bone regeneration and incorporate with chemotherapeutic drugs to suppress tumor development and promote apoptosis through PTEN/PI3 K pathway. These findings provide a novel insight into postoperative treatment of osteosarcoma and help development of tumor immunotherapy/bone repair integrated materials.

Dip-pen nanolithography is an emerging and attractive surface modification technique that has the capacity to directly and controllably write micro/nano-array patterns on diverse substrates. The superior throughput, resolution, and registration enable DPN an outstanding candidate for biological detection from the molecular level to the cellular level. Herein, we overview the technological evolution of DPN in terms of its advanced derivatives and DPN-enabled versatile sensing patterns featuring multiple compositions and structures for biosensing. Benefitting from uniform, reproducible, and large-area array patterns, DPN-based biosensors have shown high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, and fast response in target analyte detection and specific cellular recognition. We anticipate that DPN-based technologies could offer great potential opportunities to fabricate multiplexed, programmable, and commercial array-based sensing biochips.

The micro-nano-structured FePO4·2H2O was prepared from mixed solution of FeSO4 oxidized in diluted H3PO4 with H2O2 and NaOH solution in the turbulent flow cycle state at 90 °C. The resulting products were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Constant current charge/discharge tests were adopted to investigate the electrochemical performance and the rate capability (from 0.1C to 5C) of the carbon-coated LiFePO4 composite materials prepared from the micro-nano-structured FePO4. The carbon-coated LiFePO4 composite materials deliver a high specific discharge capacity of 153.7 mAh·g-1, exhibit excellent cycle performance with 98.6% of the capacity retained after 30 cycles. This study demonstrates that the turbulent flow cycle method may be an economical and effective method for industrial production of fine and uniform micro-nano-structured FePO4·2H2O particles for LiFePO4 cathode materials for Li-ion batteries.

Funding Information: This research was funded by Jane and Aatos Erkko foundation. This work made use of Aalto University Bioeconomy Facilities. The SEM imaging was conducted at Aalto University Nanomicroscopy Centre (Aalto-NMC). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. Herein, an innovative method to improve the dewatering of micro- and nanofibrillated cellulose (MNFC) containing furnishes is proposed. This method is based on fiber flotation in which cationic bubbles are injected into the furnish to separate fibers from liquid medium and accumulate them on the surface of the furnish. These cationic bubbles are generated by pressurizing a solution of Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride in deionized water in a dissolved air flotation (DAF) tank. The drainage properties of the furnishes with MNFC content from 0% to 25% were studied. With the help of the cationic bubbles, drainage rate of 0% and 15% MNFC furnish increased from 183 ml/s to 210 ml/s and 38 ml/s to 113 ml/s, respectively. The final couch solids content of these furnishes also increased from 16 wt% to 23 wt% and from 21 wt% to 24 wt%, respectively. Cationic bubbles flocculate MNFC fibers and increase retention. Sheets characteristics including morphology, permeability, mass distribution and surface profilometry were investigated. Cationic bubbles help structure fiber elements and improve the sheet formation.

In oxygenated irrigation, there are problems of large oxygenated bubble particles, low oxygen concentration in water, and mismatch with current irrigation systems. In this paper, numerical simulation of micro-nano bubble releaser was carried out and the development of oxygenated irrigation equipment was studied. The release method of dissolved gas was selected to generate micro-nano bubbles after comparing different micro-nano bubble generation methods. The basic structure of the core-component releaser of generating micro-nano bubbles was initially determined. Effects of different structures of the release device on water aeration performance were studied by CFD analysis method. An optimal structure of the releaser was determined with orthogonal experiments based on a single factor experiment. The structural parameters included a throat of a 3 mm diameter, a 2 mm thick turbulent cavity, a six-degree exit angle, and two outlets. Optimal inlet and outlet pressure difference of the release device was 0.3 MPa. The bubble had an average particle size of 373.1 nm as measured. The release device was fabricated by 3D printing technology and the micro-nano bubble aeration irrigation device was developed. The system function test was carried out. Under the standard state, the performance parameters of the micro-nano bubble aerator included the maximum oxygen concentration of 11.4 mg/L, a total oxygen transfer coefficient of 0.4139 min-1, 0.0114 kg/h oxygenation capacity, and 60.81% oxygen utilization rate. The device had advantages of a high oxygen-increasing efficiency and a small volume, making it quite prospective in the field of oxygenated irrigation.

Al-based composites reinforced by high volume fraction ceramic particles have attracted much attention because of their high specific strength, high specific modulus, good wear resistance, and low thermal expansion properties. The preparation technology, advantages, and disadvantages of Al-based composites reinforced by high ceramic content are reviewed in this study. The research status of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-based composites reinforced by high ceramic particles content is summarized. The effects of ceramic content and preparation technology on the properties of Al-based composites are described. The strengthening mechanism of micro-nano-scale ceramic particles in composites is also expounded. The development trend of micro-nano-scale high content ceramic particle-reinforced Al-based composites is prospected.

Micro/nanomotors (MNMs) are miniaturized machines that can convert many kinds of energy into mechanical motion. Over the past decades, a variety of driving mechanisms have been developed, which have greatly extended the application scenarios of MNMs. Enzymes exist in natural organisms which can convert chemical energy into mechanical force. It is an innovative attempt to utilize enzymes as biocatalyst providing driving force for MNMs. The fuels for enzymatic reactions are biofriendly as compared to traditional counterparts, which makes enzyme-powered micro/nanomotors (EMNMs) of great value in biomedical field for their nature of biocompatibility. Until now, EMNMs with various shapes can be propelled by catalase, urease and many others. Also, they can be endowed with multiple functionalities to accomplish on-demand tasks. Herein, combined with the development process of EMNMs, we are committed to present a comprehensive understanding of EMNMs, including their types, propelling principles, and potential applications. In this review, we will introduce single enzyme that can be used as motor, enzyme powered molecule motors and other micro/nano-architectures. The fundamental mechanism of energy conversion process of EMNMs and crucial factors that affect their movement behavior will be discussed. The current progress of proof-of-concept applications of EMNMs will also be elaborated in detail. At last, we will summarize and prospect the opportunities and challenges that EMNMs will face in their future development., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Clear classification and description of different enzyme-powered micro/nanomotors (EMNMs). • Discussion of the fundamental mechanism of energy conversion process of EMNMs and their movement influence factors. • Introduction of the current progress of proof-of-concept applications of EMNMs.

In this research, a stretchable and non-sticky hydrophobic surface is developed using flexible polyurethane-based elastomer Vytaflex 20A. The hierarchical roughness of rose petals was replicated by soft molding method to achieve hydrophobicity. The morphological properties, wettability properties and mechanical properties of replicated micro/nanostructures were characterized. The replicated surface exhibited a similar micro/nanostructure to that of rose petal. Rose petal and replicated surface were highly hydrophobic and their static water contact angles (θ ≈ 124°) are nearly equal. Contact angle hysteresis of the produced surface was measured (10°) to be lower significantly than that of the fresh rose petal (50°). The proposed surface is also highly stretchable having an elongation value of approximately % 700. Such surfaces can be a great candidate for providing easy to clean ability to deformable elastomer products.

Inspired by nature, many researchers have noticed that the micro‐ and nano‐structures originated from organism's surfaces which indict unique properties such as superhydrophobicity, drag reduction, structure colour have much use in academic value. However, conventional processing methods for mimicking biomimetic surface need multistep and is time wasted, not environmental friendly and uneconomic. Thanks to the development of ultrafast laser technology, the pulse duration can reach femtosecond scale, which can precisely realize micro‐ and nano‐processing in one‐step. Here, we introduce and demonstrate the principles of some typical properties. The typical structures caused by interaction between laser and material are discussed. Moreover, laser‐processing methods for biomimetic surface are highlighted to achieve specialized performance.

Enhancement in properties of thermal storage materials improves their performance and contributes to reducing the greenhouse gas emissions. The enhancement can be made in a passive way, which is cost-effective and hardly requires management. For decades, phase change materials (PCMs) have been used in many applications for thermal storage, thermal control and thermal insulation purposes. PCM can store a huge amount of energy with low or no temperature swing. However, the major drawback of PCM is the low thermal conductivity. Techniques of different scales (macroscopic, microscopic and nanoscopic) have been adopted in thermal engineering to enhance the thermal conductivity of PCM. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the literature dealing with micro/nano enhancement techniques of PCMs. Enhancement effects as well as limitations of each technique are discussed in detail. Moreover, direction for future research and possible challenges are pointed out along with conclusions drawn from the studies.

Porphyrin nanostructures are widely used in the field of visible light catalysis due to their superior light absorption properties and good controllability in size, shape and function. In this paper, the development of various morphologies in three types of porphyrins with three different phenyl substituents (designated as H2TTP, H2TPP and H2TCPP, respectively) is demonstrated. The formation mechanism proposed was based on the evolution of morphology as functions of molecular structure and solvent mixture. These nano/micro assemblies are well characterized by SEM, IR, UV-vis, X-ray diffraction and photoelectric conversion. The photocatalytic oxidation reactions under visible light irradiation of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) in water is utilized to evaluate the photoactivity of the as-prepared porphyrin assemblies. The photocatalytic results indicate that the obtained porphyrin assemblies exhibit enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity. In addition, the photocatalyst is easy to separate and recover, and has good stability. The possible photocatalytic degradation mechanism of DHN by the porphyrins nanopolyhedron photocatalyst was also proposed.

Polyanion-type Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) is an overwhelmingly attractive cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) because of its high structural stability and fast Na+ mobility. However, its practi...

As a new product of high-value utilization of lignin, lignin micro/nano particles (LMNPs) have attracted the attention of researchers due to their non-toxicity, corrosion-resistance, UV resistance, and other excellent characteristics and potential application value. This article outlined the main preparation methods of LMNPs at the current stage, summarized and compared them from three perspectives of preparation technology, final product state and product composition. Subsequently, based on the different focuses of the properties of LMNPs, their application research progress as fillers, UV blockers, drug delivery carriers, among others, were introduced. Then a concise analysis of the technical and economic assessment and life cycle assessment of LMNPs in the process of industrialization was made. Finally, the main problems at present and the future development directions were analyzed and prospected to provide references for the deep processing of forest resources and the development of bio-based nanomaterials.

It is of great significance to improve the tribological performances of self-lubricating system to reduce the exfoliation of abrasive particles. In this work, tribological performances of Si3N4–PTFE–EP self-lubricating composites with surface-modified micro/nano-Si3N4 (20 nm, 100 nm, 500 nm, 1–3 μm, and 10 μm) prepared by high-pressure (3 GPa) compression molding are investigated systematically. The results show that although the surface modification of nano-Si3N4 can improve tribological performances of Si3N4–PTFE–EP composite, Si3N4 particle size is the more critical factor. When Si3N4 particle size is 10 μm, the tribological performances of 70M–Si3N4–30PTFE–EP, 50M–Si3N4–50PTFE–EP, and 30M–Si3N4–70PTFE–EP composites are optimal.

Biochar has received continuous attention in recent years due to its high specific surface area, rich micropores, and many types of functional groups. In this study, the migration behavior of modified micro-nano biochar (MMNBC) in heterogeneous media under the influence of ionic strength and flow rate was studied by column experiments. The results showed that the mobility of MMNBC could be increased by increasing the flow rate and decreasing IS. The retention of MMNBC in quartz sand coated with clay minerals was higher than that of pure quartz sand, and the difference existed due to the surface properties. The main reason is that the clay mineral coating adds cations on the surface of quartz sand, which generates electrostatic interaction with MMNBC, which promote the adsorption of MMNBC on the medium. This study provides a theoretical basis for effectively controlling the groundwater environment problems caused by the migration of biochar.

Optomechanical sensing based on the coupling between mechanical motions and optical resonances has attracted huge interest in sensor applications due to its small footprint, high sensitivity, low detection limit, and electromagnetic immunity. Optomechanical sensors that detect from mechanical motion at µm scale to molecular vibration at nm scale have found various applications such as force, inertia, acoustic, chemical, and thermal sensing, etc. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent progress of optomechanical sensors. Three development fields of optomechanical sensors are reviewed, which are passive optomechanical sensors, electro-optomechanical sensing platforms, and molecular vibration sensing schemes. The sensor configurations, applications, and integrations are described. In the end, we also provide our perspectives on the future development directions of optomechanical sensors.

An experimental study of biodegradation of Shenmu coal was carried out by using Ochrobactrum cytisi, Novospingobium naphthalenivorans, Alcaligenes faecalis and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The micro-nano pore structure of coal samples before and after biodegradation was studied by low-temperature N2 adsorption. For biodegraded coal, the results showed that micropores and mesopores are primarily open pores with good connectivity, including parallel plate pores and cylinder pores with two open ends; the specific surface area of biodegraded coal decreased from 2.2174 m2/g to 1.6255˜2.0537 m2/g, and the pore size of the coal biodegraded by the four bacteria decreased following biodegradation from 250 nm to 170˜200 nm, which may be due to collapse of the coal structure due to the bacterial degradation. Coal biodegradation by the dominant bacterium P. fluorescens led to a diminished mesopore size and an increased number of smaller mesopores, with the smaller mesopores gradually taking on dominant roles.

The worldwide significant rise of orthopedic and dental implant surgeries in the last decade is a matter of concern. The rate of subsequent failure of implants and revision surgeries are also considerable. Insufficient osseointegration and bacterial infections are the major causes of implant failure. The present methods of surface coatings and surface modifications are inadequate for long term stability. Over this scenario, laser surface texturing (LST) is the most promising method which has precise control over surface topography, morphology, wettability, and chemistry which makes this technique suitable for manufacturing biocompatible, antibacterial, and early bone healing surfaces. Researchers experimented with grooves, dimples, micro, and nano-texture patterns for optimizing cell adhesion and proliferation. Nanopillars, nano-ripples, spikes, LIPSS surface structures are used for examining antibacterial behaviour. Very few research papers discussed the combined approach for developing implant material having bio activeness and antibacterial behaviour. This paper explores the improvement of physical, biocompatible, antibacterial properties through LST. The introduction of challenges and future trends of the field will certainly help to investigate the new directions of biomaterial research.

Unidirectional liquid transport without any need of external energy has drawn worldwide attention for its potential applications in various fields such as microfluidics, biomedicine and mechanical engineering. In nature, numerous creatures have evolved such extraordinary unidirectional liquid transport ability, such as spider silk, Sarracenia’s trichomes, and Nepenthes alata’s peristome, etc. This review summarizes the current progresses of natural unidirectional liquid transport on 1-Dimensional (1D) linear structure and 2-Dimensional (2D) surface structure. The driving force of unidirectional liquid transport which is determined by unique structure exist distinct differences in physics. The fundamental understanding of 1D and 2D unidirectional liquid transport especially about hierarchical structural characteristics and their transport mechanism were concentrated, and various bioinspired fabrication methods are also introduced. The applications of bioinspired directional liquid transport are demonstrated especially in fields of microfluidics, biomedical devices and anti-icing surfaces. With newly developed smart materials, various liquid transport regulation strategies are also summarized for the control of transport speed, direction guiding, etc. Finally, we provide new insights and future perspectives of the directional transport materials.