Author: "Mickaël Pardé" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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27 results on '"Mickaël Pardé"'

1. Soil Moisture Estimations Based on Airborne CAROLS L-Band Microwave Data

Author: Arnaud Mialon, Natalie Novello, Clément Albergel, Yann Kerr, Jean-Christophe Calvet, Kauzar Saleh, Marc Crapeau, Pascal Fanise, Monique Dechambre, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Mehrez Zribi, and Mickaël Pardé
Subjects: soil moisture, CAROLS, L-band, L-MEB, soil roughness, Science
Abstract: The SMOS satellite mission, launched in 2009, allows global soil moisture estimations to be made using the L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere (L-MEB) model, which simulates the L-band microwave emissions produced by the soil–vegetation layer. This model was calibrated using various sources of in situ and airborne data. In the present study, we propose to evaluate the L-MEB model on the basis of a large set of airborne data, recorded by the CAROLS radiometer during the course of 20 flights made over South West France (the SMOSMANIA site), and supported by simultaneous soil moisture measurements, made in 2009 and 2010. In terms of volumetric soil moisture, the retrieval accuracy achieved with the L-MEB model, with two default roughness parameters, ranges between 8% and 13%. Local calibrations of the roughness parameter, using data from the 2009 flights for different areas of the site, allowed an accuracy of approximately 5.3% to be achieved with the 2010 CAROLS data. Simultaneously we estimated the vegetation optical thickness (t) and we showed that, when roughness is locally adjusted, MODIS NDVI values are correlated (R2 = 0.36) to t. Finally, as a consequence of the significant influence of the roughness parameter on the estimated absolute values of soil moisture, we propose to evaluate the relative variability of the soil moisture, using a default soil roughness parameter. The soil moisture variations are estimated with an uncertainty of approximately 6%.
Published: 2011
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2. Analysis of RFI Identification and Mitigation in CAROLS Radiometer Data Using a Hardware Spectrum Analyser

Author: Christophe Caudoux, Mickaël Pardé, Mehrez Zribi, Monique Dechambre, and Pascal Fanise
Subjects: RFI, CAROLS, L-band, radiometry, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract: A method to identify and mitigate radio frequency interference (RFI) in microwave radiometry based on the use of a spectrum analyzer has been developed. This method has been tested with CAROLS L-band airborne radiometer data that are strongly corrupted by RFI. RFI is a major limiting factor in passive microwave remote sensing interpretation. Although the 1.400–1.427 GHz bandwidth is protected, RFI sources close to these frequencies are still capable of corrupting radiometric measurements. In order to reduce the detrimental effects of RFI on brightness temperature measurements, a new spectrum analyzer has been added to the CAROLS radiometer system. A post processing algorithm is proposed, based on selective filters within the useful bandwidth divided into sub-bands. Two discriminant analyses based on the computation of kurtosis and Euclidian distances have been compared evaluated and validated in order to accurately separate the RF interference from natural signals.
Published: 2011
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3. Combined Airborne Radio-instruments for Ocean and Land Studies (CAROLS).

Author: Mehrez Zribi, Danièle Hauser, Mickaël Pardé, Pascal Fanise, Paul Leroy, Monique Dechambre, Alain Weill, Jacqueline Boutin, Gilles Reverdin, Jean-Christophe Calvet, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Niels Skou, Sten S. Søbjærg, Nicolas Reul, Antonio Rius, and Estel Cardellach
Published: 2008
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4. Carols Campaign, Scientific Data Analysis Results.

Author: Mickaël Pardé, Mehrez Zribi, Pascal Fanise, Paul Leroy, Danièle Hauser, Marion Leduc-Leballeur, Jacqueline Boutin, Nicolas Reul, and Joseph Tenerelli
Published: 2008
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5. Découverte d'une anomalie électrique dans des orages méditerranéens

Author: Sylvain Coquillat, Véronique Pont, Mickaël Pardé, Michaël Kreitz, Dominique Lambert, Ronan Houel, Didier Ricard, Eric Gonneau, Pierre de Guibert, and Serge Prieur
Subjects: General Medicine
Abstract: L'analyse de 561 jours d'orage sur 6 années de données de l'imageur d'éclair 3D Saetta a permis d'identifier des nuages convectifs en région Corse présentant une structure électrique anormale et apparaissant par flux de sud de poussières désertiques africaines. L'explication physique des processus électriques apporte les bases pour comprendre ce que l'imageur permet de déduire sur la structure électrique des cellules orageuses. Des hypothèses microphysiques et radiatives conduisant à un faible contenu en gouttelettes d'eau surfondue à l'origine de cette électrisation anormale sont explorées en s'appuyant sur l'analyse du contexte en aérosols et des conditions météorologiques environnantes. The analysis of 561 days of thunderstorms over 6 years of data from the 3D lightning imager Saetta has allowed to identify convective clouds in Corsica region with an abnormal electrical structure and appearing by southern flow of African desert dust. The physical explanation of the electrical processes brings the basis to understand what the imager allows to deduce about the electrical structure of thunderstorm cells. Microphysical and radiative hypotheses leading to a low content of supercooled droplets at the origin of this abnormal electrification are explored by relying on the analysis of the aerosol context and the surrounding meteorological conditions.
Published: 2023
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6. Soil moisture retrieval from L-band measurements over a variety of agricultural crops.

Author: Mickaël Pardé, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, André Chanzy, Philippe Waldteufel, Sten Schmidl Søbjærg, and Niels Skou
Published: 2003
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7. Monitoring forests from L-band microwave observations.

Author: Kauzar Saleh, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Paolo Ferrazzoli, Jean-Christophe Calvet, Ernesto López-Baeza, G. Mongiardo, and Mickaël Pardé
Published: 2003
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8. Six years of electrified convection over the island of Corsica monitored by SAETTA: General trends and anomalously electrified thunderstorms during African dust south flow events

Author: Sylvain Coquillat, Véronique Pont, Dominique Lambert, Ronan Houel, Mickaël Pardé, Michaël Kreitz, Didier Ricard, Eric Gonneau, Pierre de Guibert, and Serge Prieur
Subjects: Atmospheric Science
Published: 2022
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9. Evaluation of Two Global Land Surface Albedo Datasets Distributed by the Copernicus Climate Change Service and the EUMETSAT LSA-SAF

Author: Mickaël Pardé, Gabriel Lellouch, Sandra C. Frietas, Dominique Carrer, Chloé Vincent, and Isabel F. Trigo
Subjects: near real-time, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, 0211 other engineering and technologies, climate data record, Climate change, Absolute value, surface albedo, 02 engineering and technology, Land cover, 01 natural sciences, remote sensing, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Radiometer, polar satellites, essential climate variables, Vegetation, Albedo, Climatology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Satellite, Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer
Abstract: The present paper is devoted to the quality assessment of two global land surface albedo products developed by Meteo France in the frame of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and the LSA-SAF (Satellite Application Facility on Land Surface Analysis), herein called, respectively, VGT (VeGeTation) (the C3Sv1 dataset, derived from VGT sensors onboard Satellites for the Observation of the Earth, also called SPOT) and ETAL (European polar system Ten-day surface ALbedo, derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRR) onboard METeorological OPerational (METOP) satellites). The evaluation study inter-compared these products with measurements at 33 ground stations and two independent operational products, MTAL-R/NRT (Meteosat second generation Ten-day ALbedo Reprocessed/Near Real-Time) and MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), over two distinct four-year periods. In accordance with the prescription from the Land Product Validation group of the joint Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (LPV/CEOS), the evaluation was addressed per land cover; furthermore, two albedo regimes were considered throughout the evaluation to distinguish between high (over 0.15) and low (below 0.15) surface albedo behaviors. First, we show that both VGT and ETAL products agree well with the measurements and the other satellite products at the ground stations. Second, when inter-compared with MODIS, the results are noteworthy for ETAL as opposed to VGT, with 11 out of 13 land cover types passing the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) requirements for more than 80% of the sites for albedo values less than 0.15 (compared with none for VGT) and 10 out of 14 land cover types passing the GCOS requirements for more than 50% of the sites for albedo values greater than 0.15 (compared with 5 for VGT). Finally, a pixel-by-pixel analysis reveals that VGT overestimates the surface albedo as compared with MODIS by about 0.02 in absolute value for albedo values less than 0.15 and by about 22% in relative value for albedo values greater than 0.15. The root-mean-square-deviation (RMSD) in absolute value is about 0.015 for albedo values less than 0.15 and 51.5% in relative value for albedo values greater than 0.15. In contrast, the bias for ETAL when compared with MODIS remains very small. Over the four-year period, ETAL overestimates the surface albedo as compared with MODIS by 0.001 in absolute value for the regime of surface albedo less than 0.15 and by about 5.8% in relative value for albedo values greater than 0.15. The RMSD in absolute value is about 0.014 for albedo values less than 0.15 and 19.4% in relative value for albedo values greater than 0.15. Assuming that the MODIS product is a good reference, a relative bias of around 6% can be judged satisfactory for ETAL surface albedo. The lower performance of the VGT (C3Sv1) product is currently the subject of investigation. Work is ongoing to upgrade it further towards the final C3S product.
Published: 2020
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10. Spatial and temporal variability of biophysical variables in southwestern France from airborne L-band radiometry

Author: Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Jean-Christophe Calvet, Yann Kerr, Sébastien Lafont, Mehrez Zribi, Mickaël Pardé, Clément Albergel, Elena Zakharova, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ESTER - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), STAE (Sciences et Technologies pour l'Aeronautique et l'Espace) foundation, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Meteo-France, 'Programme Terre Ocean Surface Continentales et Atmosphere' (TOSCA, CNES), GEOLAND2 project, European Commission within the GMES initiative in FP7, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: analyse de données, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 0207 environmental engineering, teneur en eau, 02 engineering and technology, température de brillance, radiomètre, surface foliaire, Atmospheric sciences, Spatial distribution, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, Leaf area index, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Milieux et Changements globaux, 020701 environmental engineering, Water content, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, lcsh:GE1-350, Radiometer, lcsh:T, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Biosphere, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, télédétection, mission SMOS, microonde passive, modèle L-MEB, lcsh:G, Brightness temperature, Environmental science, Spatial variability, sud ouest france
Abstract: In 2009 and 2010 the L-band microwave Cooperative Airborne Radiometer for Ocean and Land Studies (CAROLS) campaign was performed in southwestern France to support the calibration and validation of the new Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite mission. The L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere (L-MEB) model was used to retrieve surface soil moisture (SSM) and the vegetation optical depth (VOD) from the CAROLS brightness temperature measurements. The CAROLS SSM was compared with in situ observations at 11 sites of the SMOSMANIA (Soil Moisture Observing System-Meteorological Automatic Network Integrated Application) network of Météo-France. For eight of them, significant correlations were observed (0.51 ≤ r ≤ 0.82), with standard deviation of differences ranging from 0.039 m3 m−3 to 0.141 m3 m−3. Also, the CAROLS SSM was compared with SSM values simulated by the A-gs version of the Interactions between Soil, Biosphere and Atmosphere (ISBA-A-gs) model along 20 flight lines, at a resolution of 8 km × 8 km. A significant spatial correlation between these two datasets was observed for all the flights (0.36 ≤ r ≤ 0.85). The CAROLS VOD presented significant spatial correlations with the vegetation water content (VWC) derived from the spatial distribution of vegetation types used in ISBA-A-gs and from the Leaf Area Index (LAI) simulated for low vegetation. On the other hand, the CAROLS VOD presented little temporal changes, and no temporal correlation was observed with the simulated LAI. For low vegetation, the ratio of VOD to VWC tended to decrease, from springtime to summertime. The ISBA-A-gs grid cells (8 km × 8 km) were sampled every 5 m by CAROLS observations, at a spatial resolution of about 2 km. For 83% of the grid cells, the standard deviation of the sub-grid CAROLS SSM was lower than 0.05 m3 m−3. The presence of small water bodies within the ISBA-A-gs grid cells tended to increase the CAROLS SSM spatial variability, up to 0.10 m3 m−3. Also, the grid cells characterised by a high vegetation cover heterogeneity presented higher standard deviation values, for both SSM and VOD.
Published: 2012
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11. Remote Sensing of Sea Surface Salinity From CAROLS L-Band Radiometer in the Gulf of Biscay

Author: Gilles Reverdin, Mickaël Pardé, Danièle Hauser, Pascal Lazure, Nicolas Reul, Jacqueline Boutin, Pascal Fanise, Jérôme Chanut, Adrien Martin, Mehrez Zribi, Joseph Tenerelli, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESTER - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Écoulements Géophysiques et Industriels [Grenoble] (LEGI), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, retrieval method, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Wind speed, remote sensing, Atmospheric radiative transfer codes, 14. Life underwater, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], geography, Radiometer, geography.geographical_feature_category, Continental shelf, sea surface salinity (SSS), SSS, L-band, Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), 13. Climate action, Brightness temperature, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Radiometry, Satellite, microwave radiometry, wind speed
Abstract: International audience; A renewal of interest for the radiometric L-band Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) remote sensing appeared in the 1990s and led to the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite launched in November 2009 and to the Aquarius mission (launched in June 2011). However, due to low signal to noise ratio, retrieving SSS from L-band radiometry is very challenging. In order to validate and improve L-band radiative transfer model and salinity retrieval method used in SMOS data processing, the Cooperative Airborne Radiometer for Ocean and Land Studies (CAROLS) was developed. We analyze here a coastal flight (20 May 2009), in the Gulf of Biscay, characterized by strong SSS gradients (28 to 35 pss-78). Extensive in-situ measurements were gathered along the plane track. Brightness temperature $(T_{b})$ integrated over 800 ms correlates well with simulated $T_{b}$ (correlation coefficients between 0.80 and 0.96; standard deviations of the difference of 0.2 K). Over the whole flight, the standard deviation of the difference between CAROLS and in-situ SSS is about 0.3 pss-78 more accurate than SSS fields derived from coastal numerical model or objective analysis. In the northern part of the flight, CAROLS and in-situ SSS agree. In the southern part, the best agreement is found when using only V-polarization measured at 30$^{\circ}$ incidence angle or when using a multiparameter retrieval assuming large error on $T_{b}$ (suggesting the presence of biases on H-polarization). When compared to high-resolution model SSS, the CAROLS SSS underlines the high SSS temporal variability in river plume and on continental shelf border, and the importance of using realistic river run-offs for modeling coastal SSS.
Published: 2012
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12. Soil Moisture Estimations Based on Airborne CAROLS L-Band Microwave Data

Author: Nathalie Novello, Clément Albergel, Mehrez Zribi, Mickaël Pardé, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, K. Saleh, Monique Dechambre, Jean-Christophe Calvet, Marc Crapeau, Yann Kerr, Arnaud Mialon, Pascal Fanise, ESTER - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This work was carried out in the context of a SMOS/ESA Cal/Val project, and was funded by the TOSCA/CNES program. The authors would like to thank the French CNES for the support it gave to the CAROLS project, as well as to all of the CAROLS campaigns. The authors would also like to thank the technical teams from CESBIO, CNRM, LATMOS, LOCEAN, SAFIRE, DT-INSU, DTU, INRA, and the SAFIRE pilots for their support and contributions to the successful airborne and ground campaigns. The MODIS data we used (LAI and NDVI) was made available by the Land Processes Distributed Active Archive Centre (LP DAAC), located at the US Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Centre (lpdaac.usgs.gov)., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: L band, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, télédétection, satellite, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, radiomètre, 01 natural sciences, CAROLS, Soil roughness, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, humidité du sol, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, lcsh:Science, Water content, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Radiometer, MISSION SMOS, MODELE L-MEB, Biosphere, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, L-band, L-MEB, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Satellite, Soil moisture, Microwave
Abstract: International audience; The SMOS satellite mission, launched in 2009, allows global soil moisture estimations to be made using the L-band Microwave Emission of the Biosphere (L-MEB) model, which simulates the L-band microwave emissions produced by the soil-vegetation layer. This model was calibrated using various sources of in situ and airborne data. In the present study, we propose to evaluate the L-MEB model on the basis of a large set of airborne data, recorded by the CAROLS radiometer during the course of 20 flights made over South West France (the SMOSMANIA site), and supported by simultaneous soil moisture measurements, made in 2009 and 2010. In terms of volumetric soil moisture, the retrieval accuracy achieved with the L-MEB model, with two default roughness parameters, ranges between 8% and 13%. Local calibrations of the roughness parameter, using data from the 2009 flights for different areas of the site, allowed an accuracy of approximately 5.3% to be achieved with the 2010 CAROLS data. Simultaneously we estimated the vegetation optical thickness (t) and we showed that, when roughness is locally adjusted, MODIS NDVI values are correlated (R2 = 0.36) to t. Finally, as a consequence of the significant influence of the roughness parameter on the estimated absolute values of soil moisture, we propose to evaluate the relative variability of the soil moisture, using a default soil roughness parameter. The soil moisture variations are estimated with an uncertainty of approximately 6%.
Published: 2011
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13. A first assessment of the SMOS data in southwestern France using in situ and airborne soil moisture estimates : the CAROLS airborne campaign

Author: Yann Kerr, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Nour-Ed-Dine Fritz, Mickaël Pardé, Arnaud Mialon, Clément Albergel, Mehrez Zribi, Nathalie Novello, Jean-Christophe Calvet, Elena Zakharova, Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESTER - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), ' Programme Terre Océan Surface Continentales et Atmosphère ' (TOSCA, CNES), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Aperture synthesis, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Microwave radiometry, Soil Science, airborne campaign, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, In situ observations, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Airborne campaign, Computers in Earth Sciences, Transect, Water content, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Radiometer, Microwave radiometer, Geology, in situ observations, Brightness temperature, Environmental science, Satellite, Soil moisture, microwave radiometry, soil moisture, SMOS
Abstract: International audience; The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite mission, based on an aperture synthesis L-band radiometer was successfully launched in November 2009. In the context of a validation campaign for the SMOS mission, intensive airborne and in situ observations were performed in southwestern France for the SMOS CAL/VAL, from April to May 2009 and from April to July 2010. The CAROLS (Cooperative Airborne Radiometer for Ocean and Land Studies) bi-angular (34°-0°) and dual-polarized (V and H) L-band radiometer was designed, built and installed on board the French ATR-42 research aircraft. During springs of 2009 and 2010, soil moisture observations from the SMOSMANIA (Soil Moisture Observing System - Meteorological Automatic Network Integrated Application) network of Météo-France were complemented by airborne observations of the CAROLS L-band radiometer, following an Atlantic-Mediterranean transect in southwestern France. Additionally to the 12 stations of the SMOSMANIA soil moisture network, in situ measurements were collected in three specific sites within an area representative of a SMOS pixel. Microwave radiometer observations, acquired over southwestern France by the CAROLS instrument were analyzed in order to assess their sensitivity to surface soil moisture (wg). A combination of microwave brightness temperature (Tb) at either two polarizations or two contrasting incidence angles was used to retrieve wg through regressed empirical logarithmic equations with good results, depending on the chosen configuration. The regressions derived from the CAROLS measurements were applied to the SMOS Tb and their retrieval performance was evaluated. The retrievals of wg showed significant correlation (p-value < 0.05) with surface measurements for most of the SMOSMANIA stations (8 of 12 stations) and with additional field measurements at two specific sites, also. Root mean square errors varied from 0.03 to 0.09 m3m-3 (0.06 m3m-3 on average).
Published: 2011
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14. CAROLS: A New Airborne L-Band Radiometer for Ocean Surface and Land Observations

Author: Jean-Christophe Calvet, Clément Albergel, Joseph Tenerelli, Marion Leduc-Leballeur, Pascal Fanise, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Antonio Rius, Mehrez Zribi, Monique Dechambre, Mickaël Pardé, Jacquline Boutin, Gilles Reverdin, Niels Skou, Yann Kerr, Ernesto Lopez-Baeza, Sten Schmidl Søbjærg, Danièle Hauser, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ESTER - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Valence, University of Valencia, Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC-CSIC), Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), TOSCA/CNES, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Ørsted-DTU, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universitat de València (UV)
Subjects: analyse de données, L band, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, télédétection, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Polarimetry, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Chemical technology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, RADIOMETER, CAROLS, L-BAND, MISSION SMOS, OCEAN SALINITY, SOIL MOISTURE, MESURE AEROPORTEE, Article, Analytical Chemistry, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, lcsh:TP1-1185, ocean salinity, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Radiometer, business.industry, Conjunction (astronomy), Ocean salinity, radiometer, L band radiometer, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, On board, L-band, Autre (Sciences de l'ingénieur), Global Positioning System, Environmental science, Satellite, Soil moisture, soil moisture, business, SMOS
Abstract: The "Cooperative Airborne Radiometer for Ocean and Land Studies" (CAROLS) L-Band radiometer was designed and built as a copy of the EMIRAD II radiometer constructed by the Technical University of Denmark team. It is a fully polarimetric and direct sampling correlation radiometer. It is installed on board a dedicated French ATR42 research aircraft, in conjunction with other airborne instruments (C-Band scatterometer--STORM, the GOLD-RTR GPS system, the infrared CIMEL radiometer and a visible wavelength camera). Following initial laboratory qualifications, three airborne campaigns involving 21 flights were carried out over South West France, the Valencia site and the Bay of Biscay (Atlantic Ocean) in 2007, 2008 and 2009, in coordination with in situ field campaigns. In order to validate the CAROLS data, various aircraft flight patterns and maneuvers were implemented, including straight horizontal flights, circular flights, wing and nose wags over the ocean. Analysis of the first two campaigns in 2007 and 2008 leads us to improve the CAROLS radiometer regarding isolation between channels and filter bandwidth. After implementation of these improvements, results show that the instrument is conforming to specification and is a useful tool for Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite validation as well as for specific studies on surface soil moisture or ocean salinity.
Published: 2011
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15. Analysis of RFI Identification and Mitigation in CAROLS Radiometer Data Using a Hardware Spectrum Analyser

Author: Mehrez Zribi, Mickaël Pardé, Monique Dechambre, Christophe Caudoux, Pascal Fanise, ESTER - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES): TOSCA/CNES program., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: L band, Spectrum analyzer, Time Factors, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Computer science, Statistics as Topic, 0211 other engineering and technologies, RFI, radiometry, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Chemical technology, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, CAROLS, Electromagnetic interference, Article, Analytical Chemistry, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, lcsh:TP1-1185, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Radiometry, Instrumentation, Atlantic Ocean, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Radiometer, Computers, Spectrum Analysis, Bandwidth (signal processing), Temperature, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Radio Frequency Identification Device, L-band, Brightness temperature, Calibration, France, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Algorithms
Abstract: International audience; A method to identify and mitigate radio frequency interference (RFI) in microwave radiometry based on the use of a spectrum analyzer has been developed. This method has been tested with CAROLS L-band airborne radiometer data that are strongly corrupted by RFI. RFI is a major limiting factor in passive microwave remote sensing interpretation. Although the 1.400-1.427 GHz bandwidth is protected, RFI sources close to these frequencies are still capable of corrupting radiometric measurements. In order to reduce the detrimental effects of RFI on brightness temperature measurements, a new spectrum analyzer has been added to the CAROLS radiometer system. A post processing algorithm is proposed, based on selective filters within the useful bandwidth divided into sub-bands. Two discriminant analyses based on the computation of kurtosis and Euclidian distances have been compared evaluated and validated in order to accurately separate the RF interference from natural signals.
Published: 2011
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16. Analysis of RFI Issue Using the CAROLS L-Band Experiment

Author: Monique Dechambre, Mehrez Zribi, Mickaël Pardé, Pascal Fanise, ESTER - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, L band, Brightness, Radiometer, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic interference, Standard deviation, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Brightness temperature, Kurtosis, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Radiometry, Environmental science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, different methods are proposed for the detection and mitigation of the undesirable effects of radio-frequency interference (RFI) in microwave radiometry. The first of these makes use of kurtosis to detect the presence of non-Gaussian signals, whereas the second imposes a threshold on the standard deviation of brightness temperatures in order to distinguish natural-emission variations from RFI. Finally, the third approach is based on the use of a threshold applied to the third and fourth Stokes parameters. All these methods have been applied and tested, with the cooperative airborne radiometer for ocean and land studies radiometer operating in the L-band, on the data acquired during airborne campaigns made in the spring of 2009 over the southwest of France. The performance of each approach, or of two combined approaches, is analyzed with our database. We thus show that the kurtosis method is well suited to detect pulsed RFI, whereas the method based on the second moment of brightness temperatures seems to be better suited to detect continuous-wave RFI in airborne brightness-temperature measurements.
Published: 2011
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17. Radio frequency interferences investigation using the airborne L-band full polarimetric radiometer CAROLS

Author: Jacqueline Boutin, Monique Dechambre, Mehrez Zribi, Mickaël Pardé, Nicolas Reul, Joseph Tenerelli, Pascal Fanise, Yann Kerr, Danièle Hauser, ESTER - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Collecte Localisation Satellites (CLS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)
Subjects: Brightness, L band, Radiometer, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Polarimetry, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic interference, Geography, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Kurtosis, Radiometry, Radio frequency, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: International audience; In the present paper, different methods are proposed for the detection and mitigation of the undesirable effects of radio frequency interference (RFI) in microwave radiometry. The first of these makes use of kurtosis to detect the presence of non-Gaussian signals, whereas the second imposes a threshold on the standard deviation of brightness temperatures, in order to distinguish natural emission variations from RFI. Finally, the third approach is based on the use of a threshold applied to the third and fourth Stokes parameters. All of these methods have been applied and tested, with a CAROLS radiometer operating in the L-band, on data acquired during airborne campaigns made in spring 2009 over the South West of France. The performance of each, or of two combined approaches is analyzed with our database. We thus show that the kurtosis method is well adapted to pulsed RFI, whereas the method based on the second moment is well adapted to continuous-wave RFI.
Published: 2010
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18. Analysis of RFI identification and mitigation in CAROLS radiometer data using a hardware spectral analyser

Author: Pascal Fanise, Monique Dechambre, Mickaël Pardé, Mehrez Zribi, ESTER - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: L band, Spectrum analyzer, Radiometer, Computer science, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Analyser, Bandwidth (signal processing), 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Electromagnetic interference, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Brightness temperature, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic engineering, Radiometry, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Remote sensing
Abstract: International audience; A method based on the use of a spectral analyzer has been developed in order to identify and mitigate radio frequency interference (RFI) in microwave radiometry. This method has been tested with L-band CAROLS airborne data highly corrupted by interferences. RFI is a major limiting factor in passive microwave remote sensing. Although the 1.4-1.427 GHz bandwidth is protected, RFI sources close to these frequencies may still corrupt radiometer measurements. In order to reduce RFI bad effects on the brightness temperature measurements, a new instrument called spectral analyzer has been added to the CAROLS radiometer system. A post processing algorithm based on a selective filtering with the division of bandwidth in subbands is proposed. Two discriminant analysis based on the computation of kurtosis and Mahalanobis distance have been compared, evaluated and validated in order to separate accurately the RF interference with natural signal.
Published: 2010
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19. CAROLS campaigns 2009: First Results

Author: Clément Albergel, Danièle Hauser, Jean-Christophe Calvet, Jacqueline Boutin, Gilles Reverdin, Mehrez Zribi, Mickaël Pardé, Yann Kerr, K. Saleh, Arnaud Mialon, Monique Dechambre, A. Ruis, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, M. Crapeau, E. Lopez Baeza, Pascal Fanise, ESTER - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SSE 2010, Laboratoire d'astrodynamique, d'astrophysique et d'aéronomie de bordeaux (L3AB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB)
Subjects: business.product_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Airplane, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, law, Radar, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Radiometer, business.industry, Storm, Scatterometer, Sea surface temperature, Geography, Global Positioning System, Radiometry, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; The CAROLS, L band radiometer, is built and designed as a copy of EMIRAD II radiometer of DTU team. It is a Correlation radiometer with direct sampling and fully polarimetric (i.e 4 Stockes). It will be used in conjunction with other airborne instruments (in particular the C-Band scatterometer (STORM) and IEEEC GPS system, Infrared CIMEL radiometer and one visible camera), in coordination with in situ field campaigns for SMOS CAL/VAL. The instruments are implemented on board the French research airplane ATR42. A scientific campaign with thirteen flights is realized over south-western France, Valencia site and Bay of Biscay (Atlantic Ocean) in spring 2009. In order to qualify the radiometer data, different types of aircraft movements were realized: circle flights, wing and nose wags. Simultaneously to flights, different ground measurements were made over continental surfaces and ocean. Results show a good quality of data. For continental surfaces, important Radio-Frequency Interferences (RFI) were observed over a large part of the studied region
Published: 2010
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20. Carols Campaign, Scientific Data Analysis Results

Author: Jacqueline Boutin, Danièle Hauser, Joseph Tenerelli, Nicolas Reul, P. Leroy, Mickaël Pardé, Pascal Fanise, M. Leduc-Leballeur, and Mehrez Zribi
Subjects: Sea surface temperature, Radiometer, Meteorology, Data quality, Environmental science, Radiometry, Radiometric data, Storm, Scatterometer, Microwave radiometry, Remote sensing
Abstract: The CAROLS L-band radiometer, which is built and designed as a copy of DTU EMIRAD II instrument will be used in conjunction with other airborne instruments (in particular the C-band scatterometer STORM) in coordination with in situ field campaigns for future SMOS CAL/VAL activities. A validation campaign with four flights was made over the South West of France and the Bay of Biscay (Atlantic Ocean) in September 2007. Different instrumented sites over ocean and land surfaces were covered. Moreover, in order to qualify the radiometric data, different types of aircraft maneuvers were performed over the ocean: circle flights, wing and nose wags. We present in this paper the first analysis of the data quality using these ocean measurements. We show a very good sensitivity of both channels.
Published: 2008
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21. N-parameter retrievals from L-band microwave observations acquired over a variety of crop fields

Author: Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Yann Kerr, Andre Chanzy, P. Waldteufel, Niels Skou, Sten Schmidl Søbjærg, Mickaël Pardé, Unité de bioclimatologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU)
Subjects: L band, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Soil science, 02 engineering and technology, Surface finish, surface temperature, 01 natural sciences, model inversion, vegetation, L-band radiometry, 14. Life underwater, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Water content, Root-mean-square deviation, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Attenuation, Inverse problem, [INFO.INFO-IA]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Aided Engineering, soil roughness, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Radiometry, soil moisture, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Microwave, SMOS
Abstract: A number of studies have shown the feasibility of estimating surface soil moisture from L-band passive microwave measurements. Such measurements should be acquired in the near future by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission. The SMOS measurements will be done at many incidence angles and two polarizations. This multiconfiguration capability could be very useful in soil moisture retrieval studies for decoupling between the effects of soil moisture and of the various surface parameters that also influence the surface emission (surface temperature, vegetation attenuation, soil roughness, etc.). The possibility to implement N-parameter (N-P) retrieval methods (where N = 2, 3, 4, ..., corresponds to the number of parameters that are retrieved) was investigated in this study based on experimental datasets acquired over a variety of crop fields. A large number of configurations of the N-P retrievals were studied, using several initializations of the model input parameters that were considered to be fixed or free. The best general configuration using no ancillary information (same configuration for all datasets) provided an rms error of about 0.059 m/sup 3//m/sup 3/ in the soil moisture retrievals. If a priori information was available on soil roughness and at least one vegetation model parameter, the rms error decreased to 0.049 m/sup 3//m/sup 3/. Using specific retrieval configurations for each dataset, the rms error was generally lower than 0.04 m/sup 3//m/sup 3/.
Published: 2004
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22. Monitoring forests from L-band microwave observations

Author: Ernesto Lopez-Baeza, Mickaël Pardé, G. Mongiardo, K. Saleh, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Paolo Ferrazzoli, Jean-Christophe Calvet, Unité de bioclimatologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universitat de València (UV)
Subjects: L band, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, business.industry, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Optical computing, 02 engineering and technology, forest monitoring, 15. Life on land, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Light scattering, Optics, Environmental science, passive microwaves, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Microwave, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, SMOS
Abstract: National audience; In the near future, spaceborne low-resolution measurements of the L-band brightness temperature will be available from areas covered by all sorts of vegetation. Several studies have addressed the problem of estimating soil moisture at L-band for bare soil and crops, where a simple radiative approach with little need for ancillary information (tau-omega model) proved to be suitable. The possibility to obtain information about forests needs to be studied. The formulation of the tau-omega model can be maintained to simulate the microwave emission if tau and omega are defined as effective parameters. However, knowing the sensitivity of tau and omega to configuration parameters (angle and polarization) is required in the inversion process. As a first step of the study, we investigate the dependence of the model parameters on angle, polarization and understory layer.
Published: 2003
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23. Evaluation of Two Global Land Surface Albedo Datasets Distributed by the Copernicus Climate Change Service and the EUMETSAT LSA-SAF

Author: Gabriel Lellouch, Dominique Carrer, Chloé Vincent, Mickael Pardé, Sandra C. Frietas, and Isabel F. Trigo
Subjects: surface albedo, remote sensing, polar satellites, essential climate variables, near real-time, climate data record, Science
Abstract: The present paper is devoted to the quality assessment of two global land surface albedo products developed by Meteo France in the frame of the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) and the LSA-SAF (Satellite Application Facility on Land Surface Analysis), herein called, respectively, VGT (VeGeTation) (the C3Sv1 dataset, derived from VGT sensors onboard Satellites for the Observation of the Earth, also called SPOT) and ETAL (European polar system Ten-day surface ALbedo, derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometers (AVHRR) onboard METeorological OPerational (METOP) satellites). The evaluation study inter-compared these products with measurements at 33 ground stations and two independent operational products, MTAL-R/NRT (Meteosat second generation Ten-day ALbedo Reprocessed/Near Real-Time) and MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), over two distinct four-year periods. In accordance with the prescription from the Land Product Validation group of the joint Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (LPV/CEOS), the evaluation was addressed per land cover; furthermore, two albedo regimes were considered throughout the evaluation to distinguish between high (over 0.15) and low (below 0.15) surface albedo behaviors. First, we show that both VGT and ETAL products agree well with the measurements and the other satellite products at the ground stations. Second, when inter-compared with MODIS, the results are noteworthy for ETAL as opposed to VGT, with 11 out of 13 land cover types passing the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) requirements for more than 80% of the sites for albedo values less than 0.15 (compared with none for VGT) and 10 out of 14 land cover types passing the GCOS requirements for more than 50% of the sites for albedo values greater than 0.15 (compared with 5 for VGT). Finally, a pixel-by-pixel analysis reveals that VGT overestimates the surface albedo as compared with MODIS by about 0.02 in absolute value for albedo values less than 0.15 and by about 22% in relative value for albedo values greater than 0.15. The root-mean-square-deviation (RMSD) in absolute value is about 0.015 for albedo values less than 0.15 and 51.5% in relative value for albedo values greater than 0.15. In contrast, the bias for ETAL when compared with MODIS remains very small. Over the four-year period, ETAL overestimates the surface albedo as compared with MODIS by 0.001 in absolute value for the regime of surface albedo less than 0.15 and by about 5.8% in relative value for albedo values greater than 0.15. The RMSD in absolute value is about 0.014 for albedo values less than 0.15 and 19.4% in relative value for albedo values greater than 0.15. Assuming that the MODIS product is a good reference, a relative bias of around 6% can be judged satisfactory for ETAL surface albedo. The lower performance of the VGT (C3Sv1) product is currently the subject of investigation. Work is ongoing to upgrade it further towards the final C3S product.
Published: 2020
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24. CAROLS: A New Airborne L-Band Radiometer for Ocean Surface and Land Observations

Author: Ernesto Lopez-Baeza, Antonio Rius, Joseph Tenerelli, Jean Pierre Wigneron, Jean Christophe Calvet, Clement Albergel, Sten Søbjærg, Marion Leduc-Leballeur, Niels Skou, Gilles Reverdin, Yann Kerr, Monique Dechambre, Pascal Fanise, Daniele Hauser, Jacquline Boutin, Mehrez Zribi, and Mickael Pardé
Subjects: radiometer, CAROLS, L band, SMOS, ocean salinity, soil moisture, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract: The “Cooperative Airborne Radiometer for Ocean and Land Studies” (CAROLS) L-Band radiometer was designed and built as a copy of the EMIRAD II radiometer constructed by the Technical University of Denmark team. It is a fully polarimetric and direct sampling correlation radiometer. It is installed on board a dedicated French ATR42 research aircraft, in conjunction with other airborne instruments (C-Band scatterometer—STORM, the GOLD-RTR GPS system, the infrared CIMEL radiometer and a visible wavelength camera). Following initial laboratory qualifications, three airborne campaigns involving 21 flights were carried out over South West France, the Valencia site and the Bay of Biscay (Atlantic Ocean) in 2007, 2008 and 2009, in coordination with in situ field campaigns. In order to validate the CAROLS data, various aircraft flight patterns and maneuvers were implemented, including straight horizontal flights, circular flights, wing and nose wags over the ocean. Analysis of the first two campaigns in 2007 and 2008 leads us to improve the CAROLS radiometer regarding isolation between channels and filter bandwidth. After implementation of these improvements, results show that the instrument is conforming to specification and is a useful tool for Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite validation as well as for specific studies on surface soil moisture or ocean salinity.
Published: 2011
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25. Retrievals of soil moisture and optical depth from CAROLS

Author: Mickaël Pardé, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Mehrez Zribi, Yann Kerr, Pascal Fanise, Jean-Christophe Calvet, Clément Albergel, Ahmad Albitar, François Cabot, François Demontoux, Elsa Jacquette, Ernesto Lopez-Baeza, Arnaud Mialon, Christophe Moisy, Nathalie Novello, Philippe Richaume, Kauzar Saleh, Mike Schwank, Philippe Waldteufel, Elena Zakharova, Monique Dechambre, ESTER - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'étude de l'atmosphère météorologique (CNRM-GAME), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Facultat de Fisica [València] (UV), Universitat de València (UV), Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], télédétection, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Signal and Image processing, microonde, température de brillance, RADIOMETRE, SATELLITE SMOS, vol instrumente, modèle de transfert radiatif, Traitement du signal et de l'image, humidité du sol, Milieux et Changements globaux, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; We propose in this paper to evaluate a method to retrieve soil moisture (SM) and vegetation optical thickness, in areas of unknown roughness and unknown vegetation water content in view of operational applications, by using airborne Tb measurements acquired in South-West of France. Results are compared to in situ measurements, manual and automatic ones included in SMOSmania network, in the South-West of France.

26. Combined Airborne Radio-instruments for Ocean and Land Studies (CAROLS)

Author: Mehrez Zribi, Gilles Reverdin, Alain Weill, Mickaël Pardé, Danièle Hauser, Sten Schmidl Søbjærg, Jean-Christophe Calvet, N. Reul, Estel Cardellach, P. Leroy, Niels Skou, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Monique Dechambre, A. Ruis, Pascal Fanise, Jacqueline Boutin, Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Météo-France [Paris], Météo France, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE - UR1263), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Danish National Space Center, Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai [Barcelona] (ICE-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo-France, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Space Institute [Lyngby] (DTU Space), and Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
Subjects: L band, business.product_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], GPS, MISSION SMOS, 0211 other engineering and technologies, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, CAROLS, law.invention, Airplane, law, Radar, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Radiometer, business.industry, Storm, Scatterometer, radiometer, Geography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Global Positioning System, Environmental science, Radiometry, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, radar, SMOS
Abstract: International audience; The CAROLS, L band radiometer, is built and designed as a copy of EMIRAD II radiometer of DTU team. It is a Correlation radiometer with direct sampling and fully polarimetric (i.e 4 Stockes). It will be used in conjunction with other airborne instruments (in particular the C-Band scatterometer (STORM) and IEEC GPS system, Infrared CIMEL radiometer, one visible camera), in coordination with in situ field campaigns for SMOS CAL/VAL. The instruments are implemented on board the French research airplane ATR42. A validation campaign with four flights was made over south west of France, Hourtin Lake and Bay of Biscay (Atlantic Ocean) in September 2007. In order to qualify the radiometer data, different types of aircraft movements were realized: circle flights, wing and nose wags. Simultaneously to flights, different ground measurements were made over continental surfaces and ocean. First results show a good quality of data over ocean surfaces. For continental surfaces, important Radio-Frequency Interferences (RFI) were observed over a large part of the studied region.
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27. Using a coupled crop-SVAT model to assess crop canopy processes from remote sensing data

Author: Patrice Lecharpentier, Jean-Pierre Wigneron, Samuel Ortega-Farías, Albert Olioso, O. Inizan, C.-V. Calvet, Mickaël Pardé, Y. Inoue, Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences (NIAES), Universidad de Talca, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), and Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Canopy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Crop growth, COUVERTURE VEGETALE, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Crop, Remote sensing (archaeology), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Radiative transfer, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Environmental science, Plant canopy, Water content, TENEUR EN EAU DU SOL, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, RELATION PLANTE SOL ATMOSPHERE
Abstract: International audience; A model, coupling the STICS crop growth model, the ISBA SVAT model and radiative transfer models in various spectral domains, is used for simulating remote sensing signals at the same time as crop canopy processes. It is shown that remote sensing data are very sensitive to initial water content, mainly because of variations in vegetation growth. When compared to measurements, the coupled model works quite well. Then, it may be proposed for assimilating remote sensing data with the objective of monitoring canopy processes.
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27 results on '"Mickaël Pardé"'

1. Soil Moisture Estimations Based on Airborne CAROLS L-Band Microwave Data

2. Analysis of RFI Identification and Mitigation in CAROLS Radiometer Data Using a Hardware Spectrum Analyser

3. Combined Airborne Radio-instruments for Ocean and Land Studies (CAROLS).

4. Carols Campaign, Scientific Data Analysis Results.

5. Découverte d'une anomalie électrique dans des orages méditerranéens

6. Soil moisture retrieval from L-band measurements over a variety of agricultural crops.

7. Monitoring forests from L-band microwave observations.

8. Six years of electrified convection over the island of Corsica monitored by SAETTA: General trends and anomalously electrified thunderstorms during African dust south flow events

9. Evaluation of Two Global Land Surface Albedo Datasets Distributed by the Copernicus Climate Change Service and the EUMETSAT LSA-SAF

10. Spatial and temporal variability of biophysical variables in southwestern France from airborne L-band radiometry

11. Remote Sensing of Sea Surface Salinity From CAROLS L-Band Radiometer in the Gulf of Biscay

12. Soil Moisture Estimations Based on Airborne CAROLS L-Band Microwave Data

13. A first assessment of the SMOS data in southwestern France using in situ and airborne soil moisture estimates : the CAROLS airborne campaign

14. CAROLS: A New Airborne L-Band Radiometer for Ocean Surface and Land Observations

15. Analysis of RFI Identification and Mitigation in CAROLS Radiometer Data Using a Hardware Spectrum Analyser

16. Analysis of RFI Issue Using the CAROLS L-Band Experiment

17. Radio frequency interferences investigation using the airborne L-band full polarimetric radiometer CAROLS

18. Analysis of RFI identification and mitigation in CAROLS radiometer data using a hardware spectral analyser

19. CAROLS campaigns 2009: First Results

20. Carols Campaign, Scientific Data Analysis Results

21. N-parameter retrievals from L-band microwave observations acquired over a variety of crop fields

22. Monitoring forests from L-band microwave observations

23. Evaluation of Two Global Land Surface Albedo Datasets Distributed by the Copernicus Climate Change Service and the EUMETSAT LSA-SAF

24. CAROLS: A New Airborne L-Band Radiometer for Ocean Surface and Land Observations

25. Retrievals of soil moisture and optical depth from CAROLS

26. Combined Airborne Radio-instruments for Ocean and Land Studies (CAROLS)

27. Using a coupled crop-SVAT model to assess crop canopy processes from remote sensing data

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