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The article presents a comprehensive study of the energy strategies of both countries, aimed at achieving their goals by 2050. A literature review presents global trends in energy policy, the current situation in Poland and Germany, and the importance of sustainable energy. For Poland and Germany, the current situation, goals, and strategies for 2050 are described, and the results of surveys carried out using a survey questionnaire are presented. A comparative analysis included a comparison of the goals and strategies of both countries and the results of surveys, presented in tabular form. This analysis drew conclusions regarding the differences and similarities in the approach of both countries to energy policy. The "Challenges and Prospects" section identifies potential challenges and presents opportunities and recommendations for the future. In conclusion, the article provides a thorough analysis, based on the methodology of a literature review, survey questionnaire, and tabular analysis, and contains important conclusions and implications for energy policy in Poland and Germany. The article also addresses the limitations of the study that may affect the interpretation of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Research background: The fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector is considered to be an environment where purchasing habits prevail, thus not conducive to the implementation of innovative products. In this context, implementing innovative food products into the market is particularly difficult. Nevertheless, companies are constantly developing new goods and introducing them to market. Increased price sensitivity and high competitive pressure force companies to develop continuously, which in the market segment under consideration is primarily incremental development. Purpose of the article: The main purpose of the manuscript is to identify purchasing behaviour and factors influencing the purchase of fast-moving infant and toddler products. Methods: In order to answer the research problem posed, statistical analyses were carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 package. It was used to perform an analysis of basic descriptive statistics with the Shapiro-Wilk test, a frequency analysis with the chi-square test of concordance, the Mann-Whitney test, the chi-square test of independence and Pearson's r correlation analysis. The significance level in this chapter was considered to be α = 0.05. The data analysis was based on the responses of 440 respondents (n = 440). Findings & Value added: This article attempts to identify food product innovations and consumer behaviour towards the introduction of these innovations. The wide range of fastmoving goods on offer has influenced the narrowing down of the adopted product group of the FMCG sector. Analysis will focus on fast-moving food products for babies and young children. Thus, it will be the parents who will make the decision to purchase such products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the occurrence of innovative solutions in accordance with CSR in various companies. It turns out that 71% of medium-sized enterprises (50–249 people) and 64% of smaller companies (10–49 people and up to 9 people) declare the introduction of innovative solutions in CSR strategies, which proves that innovations are not limited to large companies. A responsible approach to business can affect competitiveness and positive public perception. The implementation of a CSR strategy increases profits, improves image, increases customer loyalty, attracts media attention, and opens up new markets. The hindering factor is the additional cost of implementing CSR activities, insufficient knowledge and awareness of CSR, and unclear regulations and market conditions, as well as the need to adapt the organizational structure and culture. CSR strategies are important for the success of enterprises and society, and solving potential problems allows for effective introduction of responsible practices. In order to obtain the presented data, two research methods were used: an analysis of the international literature sources and a survey by manufacturing firms in the Silesian Voivodeship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article shows the evaluation of the Integrated Real-time Energy Management Framework (IREMF), a cutting-edge system designed to develop energy management practices. The framework leverages real-time data collection, advanced visualization techniques, and fuzzy logic to optimize energy consumption patterns. To assess the performance and importance of each layer and main factor within IREMF, we employ a multi-step methodology. First, the Fuzzy Delphi Method is utilized to harness expert insights and collective intelligence, providing a holistic understanding of the framework's functionality. Researchers used a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the relative importance of each component of the energy system (first stage). This careful evaluation process helps ensure that resources are allocated effectively and that strategic decisions are made based on sound data. The findings of the study not only improve our understanding of the capabilities of the IREMF platform but also pave the way for future developments in energy system management. The study highlights the critical role of real-time data, visualization, fuzzy logic, and advanced decision-making methods in shaping a sustainable energy future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The article aims to elucidate management and economic divergences between Poland and the Czech Republic, providing valuable insights for Central European policymakers and entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach: The research employs literature analysis, tabular comparisons, and surveys conducted in both countries. Findings: Parallels exist in governance and policy alignment, while disparities are evident in economic development and sectoral priorities. These findings offer a nuanced understanding of shared traits and distinct differences shaping the business landscapes and economic paths of these Central European nations. Research limitations/implications: The research has limitations, such as its specific timeframe and omitted variables. It underscores the importance of comparative analysis for comprehending unique and common features in both economies. Practical implications: Practical implications extend to policymakers, managers, and entrepreneurs in Poland and the Czech Republic, providing insights for informed decisionmaking and collaboration. Understanding both similarities and differences enables stakeholders to leverage strengths and address specific challenges, promoting growth and cooperation within the Central European region. Social implications: The study suggests potential enhanced collaboration and mutual understanding between the societies of Poland and the Czech Republic, facilitated by aligned management strategies and economic policies. These insights may foster a shared sense of identity and purpose in the Central European region, contributing to social cohesion and mutual growth. Originality/value: This research's uniqueness lies in its comparative analysis of management strategies and economic prospects between Poland and the Czech Republic, an underexplored area in existing literature. Its value extends to both academic discourse and practical applications, offering distinct insights to drive collaboration and development within the Central European context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, knowledge and technology is a key factor supporting socio-economic development. Human capital gained crucial importance for the development, and became a major factor of the success. This paper attempts to expose the nature and components of human capital. The aim of this paper is to present the specificity and components of human capital, and to discuss the methods of measurement and the dilemmas of their practical application. Nowadays, the advantage is achieved thanks to unique and difficult to copy resources. One such resource is human capital, whose identification and measurement becomes a key task for both countries and companies.

This scientific paper highlights the critical significance of energy in driving sustainable development and explores the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in shaping the future of energy systems. As the world faces mounting challenges in meeting growing energy demands while minimizing environmental impact, there is a pressing need for innovative solutions that can optimize energy generation, distribution, and consumption. AI tools, with their ability to analyse vast amounts of data and make intelligent decisions, have emerged as a promising avenue for advancing energy systems towards greater efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. This paper underscores the importance of energy in sustainable development and investigates how AI tools can catalyse the next phase of human civilization. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the Collaborative Energy Optimization Platform (CEOP), an innovative model that utilizes AI algorithms in an integrated manner. The review of the CEOP model is based on an in-depth analysis of existing literature, research papers, and industry reports. The methodology encompasses a systematic review of the model's key features, including collaboration, data-sharing, and AI algorithm integration. The conducted research demonstrates the effectiveness of applying MCDM methods, specifically fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS, in evaluating and ranking the performance of five Collaborative Energy Optimization Platforms (CEOP models) across 20 sub-criteria. The findings emphasize the need for a comprehensive and holistic approach in assessing AI-based energy optimization systems. The research provides valuable insights for decision-makers and researchers in the field, fostering the development and implementation of more efficient and sustainable AI-powered energy systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]