Search

Purpose The association of bulimic symptoms with sensation seeking is uncertain; however, both behaviors have been linked to alcohol problems. We assessed in a longitudinal, community-based setting whether sensation seeking in adolescence is associated with bulimic symptoms in early adulthood, also accounting for alcohol problems. Methods Finnish men (N = 2000) and women (N = 2467) born between 1974–1979 completed Zuckerman’s sensation seeking scale (SSS) at age 18. Alcohol problems (Malmö-modified Michigan alcoholism screening test (Mm-MAST) and bulimic symptoms [eating disorder inventory-2, bulimia subscale (EDI-Bulimia), population and clinical scoring systems] were defined at age 22–27. We examined relationships between SSS, Mm-MAST, and EDI-Bulimia using Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) and linear regression. Results Alcohol problems were moderately correlated with sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms (population scoring) among women and men (r = 0.21–0.31). The correlation between sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms (population scoring) was weak among men (r = 0.06, p = 0.006) and even weaker and non-significant among women (r = 0.03, p = 0.214). Adjustment for alcohol problems removed the association between sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms among men. Furthermore, there were no significant correlations between sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms when assessing EDI-Bulimia clinical scoring. Conclusion Sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms were not associated among women. The association between sensation seeking and bulimic symptoms among men was entirely attributable to increased alcohol problems among those with higher sensation seeking. While this association may be important on the population level, its clinical significance may be minor. Level of evidence Level III, well-designed cohort study.

Alcohol dependence (AD) is characterized by compulsive alcohol consumption, which involves behavioral impairments such as aggression. Members of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 superfamily, including FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23, are major endocrine mediators that play an important role in alcohol metabolism and alcohol related disorders. The objective of the present study is to explore the possible associations among the interaction of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FGF 19 superfamily, AD occurrence, and aggression in patients with AD. A total of 956 subjects were enrolled in this study, including 482 AD patients and 474 healthy controls (HCs). Michigan alcoholism screening test (MAST) was used to measure the level of AD, a Chinese version of the Buss–Perry Aggression Questionnaire was used to evaluate the aggressive behavior of subjects, and MassARRAY@ system was used to genotype rs948992 of FGF19, rs11665841 and rs11665896 of FGF21, rs7955866 and rs11063118 of FGF23. The results showed that AD patients presented a significantly higher level of aggression compared to HCs, and MAST scores were significantly positively associated Buss–Perry aggression scores (r = 0.402, p < 0.001) in AD patients. The interaction of FGF19 rs948992 TC × FGF21 rs11665896 GG presented the high-risk genotype combination predicting the high level of AD. In addition, the interaction of FGF19 rs948992 TC × FGF21 rs11665896 TG × FGF23 rs11063118 TT presented the high-risk genotype combination predicting the high level of aggression in AD patients. Our results added evidence linking the combination of rs948992 TC × rs11665896 TG × rs11063118 TT to aggressive behavior in AD patients and pointed out the potential usefulness of the SNPs of FGF19 superfamily as a predictor for the aggression in AD patients.

Danışman: DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESİ RECEP EMRE TAN Yer Bilgisi: İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi / Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü / Psikoloji Ana Bilim Dalı / Klinik Psikoloji Bilim Dalı Konu: Psikoloji = Psychology, Araştırma katılan 237 katılmcı demografik özellikleri bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın tüm verileri SPSS 23.0 paket programında analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada verilerin normal dağılım gösterip göstermediğini ölçmek için Shapiro-Wilk testi uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan veriler normal dağılım göstermediği için non-parametrik testler uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada ikili grupların karşılaştırılmasında Mann Whitney U testi, üç ve daha fazla grubun karşılaştırılmasında Kruskal Wallis testi uygulanmıştır. Ölçekler arasındaki ilişkiyi ölçmek için Spearman testi uygulanmıştır. Ölçeklerin bir biri üzerindeki etkisinin ve aracı değişken etkisinin incelenmesi için regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre , katılımcıların iş aile çatışması, olumlu olumsuz duygulanım, nikotin bağımlılık, alkolizm ölçeklerinden aldıkları puanların cinsiyete göre dağılımı incelendiğinde anlamlı bir farklılık göstermiştir. Öte yandan katılımcıların iş aile çatışması, olumlu olumsuz duygulanım, nikotin bağımlılık, alkolizm ölçeklerinden aldıkları puanlar yaş değişkeni açısından incelendiğinde nikotin bağımlılığı, alkolizm, olumlu ve olumsuz duygu puanları anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği görülmüştür. Katılımcıların iş aile çatışması , olumlu olumsuz duygulanım ,nikotin bağımlılık , alkolizm puanları medeni hal değişkenine göre bakıldığında anlamlı bir farklılık vardır. Katılımcıların alkolizm , nikotin bağımlılık , olumsuz duygulanım puanları arasında anlamlı bir farklılık gösterdiği , ancak olumlu duygu puanına anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği görülmüştür. Katılımcıların iş aile çatışması , olumlu olumsuz duygulanım , nikotin bağımlılıktan aldıkları puanların gelir düzeyine göre anlamlı bir farklılık gösterdiği ancak alkol ölçeğinden alınan puanların gelir düzeyine göre anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Katılımcıların nikotin bağımlılığı puanları 'Ailede sigara kullanan kimse var mı' sorusuna verdikleri cevaplara göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermiştir. Katılımcıların sigara kullanım puanlarına baktığımızda, ailelerinde sigara kullanan kişi olanların puanları ailelerinde sigara kullanan kişi olmayanlardan daha yüksek olarak belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların alkolizm puanları 'Ailede sigara kullanan kimse var mı' sorusuna verdikleri cevaplara göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemiştir. Olumlu duygu, olumsuz duygu, alkol kullanımı arttıkça iş aile çatışma düzeyleri de artmaktadır. İş aile çatışması ile nikotin bağımlılığı arasında ise negatif yönlü bir ilişki vardır. Sigara kullanımı arttıkça iş aile çatışması düzeyi azaldığı, alkol kullanımı % 26 oranında iş aile çatışmasına bağlı olarak ortaya çıktığı ve olumlu olumsuz duygulanımın bu ilişkide aracı olduğu çıkan sonuçlar arasındadır., The 237 participants participating in the research were evaluated in terms of their demographic characteristics. All data of the research were analyzed in SPSS 23.0 package program. In the study, Shapiro-Wilk test was applied to measure whether the data showed a normal distribution. Since the data used in the study did not show normal distribution, non-parametric tests were applied. In the study, Mann Whitney U test was used to compare paired groups, and Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare three or more groups. Spearman test was applied to measure the relationship between the scales. Regression analysis was performed to examine the effect of the scales on each other and the mediator variable effect. According to the results of the study, when the distribution of the scores of the participants from the scales of work-family conflict, positive-negative affect, nicotine addiction and alcoholism by gender was examined, there was a significant difference. On the other hand, when the scores of the participants from the work-family conflict, positive-negative affect, nicotine addiction, alcoholism scales were examined in terms of the age variable, it was seen that nicotine addiction, alcoholism, positive and negative emotion scores did not show a significant difference. When the participants' work-family conflict, positive-negative affect, nicotine addiction, alcoholism scores are examined according to the marital status variable, there is a significant difference. It was observed that there was a significant difference between the alcoholism, nicotine addiction, and negative affect scores of the participants, but no significant difference in the positive emotion scores. It was concluded that the participants' work-family conflict, positive-negative affect, and nicotine addiction scores showed a significant difference according to their income level, but the scores obtained from the alcohol scale did not differ significantly according to their income level. The nicotine addiction scores of the participants showed a significant difference according to the answers they gave to the question "Is there anyone in the family who smoked?" When we look at the smoking scores of the participants, the scores of those who have a smoker in their family are higher than those who do not have a family smoker. The alcoholism scores of the participants did not show a significant difference according to their answers to the question "Is there anyone smoking in the family". As positive emotions, negative emotions, and alcohol use increase, the level of work-family conflict also increases. There is a negative relationship between work-family conflict and nicotine addiction. As smoking increases, the level of work-family conflict decreases, alcohol use occurs due to work-family conflict at a rate of 26%, and positive and negative affect is a mediator in this relationship.

The goal of this study was to determine whether the plasma leptin, nesfatin-1, cortisol, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and inflammatory cytokines could be used as potential biomarkers for the degree of craving in the alcohol-dependent patients after 1 month of abstinence. A total of 83 patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and 61 healthy subjects were assessed. Patients with AUD were selected from Department of Material Dependence, Anhui Mental Health Center, and subjects in the control group were selected from healthy volunteers. The Alcohol Urge questionnaire Scale (AUQ) was used to evaluate the extent of craving for alcohol, and the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) were also assessed in patients with AUD. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used for the measurement of plasma leptin, nesfatin-1, cortisol, BDNF, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels. Compare with healthy controls, the average leptin, leptin/BMI, IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α levels in patients with AUD were significantly increased, while the BDNF levels were significantly decreased. Moreover, the partial correlational analysis showed that the AUQ scores of the alcohol-dependent patients were positively correlated with the plasma leptin levels (r = 0.613, P < 0.001), rather than nesfatin-1 (r = 0.066, P = 0.569) after controlling for age as covariate. Furthermore, plasma nesfatin-1 levels were found to be correlated with the SDS scores (r = 0.366, P = 0.001) in the AUD group. In addition, plasma leptin levels were positively associated with the plasma IL-6 (r = 0.257, P = 0.033), CRP (r = 0.305, P = 0.011), and TNF-α (r = 0.311, P = 0.009) levels, and negatively associated with the BDNF levels (r = −0.245, P = 0.042) in patients with AUD. These results suggest that plasma leptin, but not nesfatin-1, might be a potential biomarker for the degree of craving in alcohol-dependent patients after 1 month of abstinence, the mechanism of which might be related to the dysfunction of the inflammatory cytokines and BDNF levels.

Objective Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a protein widely expressed in the central nervous system and involved in diverse physiological processes, such as emotional regulation, nutritional behavior, and stress. In some populations, studies on alcohol dependence (AD) and the NPY gene have found that NPY variations increase alcohol consumption and thus may potentially be associated with AD. In this study, we investigated the relationship between NPY gene promoter polymorphisms and phenotypes related to alcohol use. Method A total of 417 male participants comprising 252 individuals with AD and 165 healthy individuals were included in this study and phenotypic data were collected. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) and DNA sequencing METHODS were used for genotyping the rs16147 and rs17149106 polymorphisms in the promoter region of the NPY gene. The data of 384 participants were analysed to evaluate the possible relationship between genotypes and the diagnosis of AD, family history of AD, the severity of AD using the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), the age of onset of problematic alcohol use, the average amount of alcohol consumed per day for the last six months and the lifetime maximum alcohol consumption in one day. Results A significant difference was found between the AD and control groups concerning rs16147 polymorphism genotype distribution (p=0.025). No association with polymorphisms and alcohol-related phenotypes were demonstrated in the AD group. Conclusion To our knowledge, this study shows for the first time in the literature that alcohol dependence is associated with NPY rs16147 polymorphism in the Turkish population.

Alcohol-related behaviors are moderately heritable and have ethnic-specific characteristics. At present, genetic studies for alcohol dependence (AD) in Chinese populations are underrepresented. We are the first to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for AD using 533 male alcoholics and 2848 controls of Han Chinese ethnicity and replicate our findings in 146 male alcoholics and 200 male controls. We then assessed genetic effects on AD characteristics (drinking volume/age onset/Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST)/Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11)), and compared the polygenic risk of AD in Han Chinese with other populations (Thai, European American and African American). We found and validated two significant loci, one located in 4q23, with lead SNP rs2075633*ADH1B (Pdiscovery = 6.64 × 10−16) and functional SNP rs1229984*ADH1B (Pdiscovery = 3.93 × 10−13); and the other located in 12q24.12-12q24.13, with lead SNP rs11066001*BRAP (Pdiscovery = 1.63 × 10−9) and functional SNP rs671*ALDH2 (Pdiscovery = 3.44 × 10−9). ADH1B rs1229984 was associated with MAST, BIS_total score and average drinking volume. Polygenic risk scores from the Thai AD and European American AD GWAS were significantly associated with AD in Han Chinese, which were entirely due to the top two loci, however there was no significant prediction from African Americans. This is the first case-control AD GWAS in Han Chinese. Our findings demonstrate that these variants, which were highly linked with ALDH2 rs671 and ADH1B rs1229984, were significant modulators for AD in our Han Chinese cohort. A larger replication cohort is still needed to validate our findings.

Background: DOVE (Determining Effects of Platelet Inhibition on Vaso-Occlusive Events) was a Phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted in children with sickle cell anemia at 51 sites in 13 countries across four continents. Procedure: Data from DOVE were assessed for regional differences in subject phenotype and treatment. Demographics, baseline clinical and laboratory data, hydroxyurea (HU) use, vaso-occlusive crisis (VOCs, composite endpoint of painful crisis or acute chest syndrome (ACS, Beijing, China)), serious adverse events (SAEs, Florence, Italy), hospitalization, and treatments were compared across the Americas, Europe, North Africa/Middle East, and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Results: Race, body mass index, and blood pressures differed by region. Pre-enrollment VOCs were highest in the Americas. For subjects not on HU, baseline hemoglobin was lowest in SSA, reticulocyte count was lowest in the Americas. Within SSA, Kenya subjects presented higher baseline hemolysis. Painful crisis was the most common SAE, followed by ACS in the Americas and infections in other regions. VOC rate and percentage of VOC hospitalizations were highest in Europe. Regardless of region, most VOCs were treated with analgesics, approximately half were treated with intravenous fluids. The proportion of VOC-related transfusions was greatest in Europe. Lengths of hospital stay were similar across regions. Conclusions: Overall differences in SAEs and hospitalization for VOCs may be due to cultural diversities, resource utilization, disease severity, or a combination of factors. These data are of importance for the planning of future trials in SCA in a multinational setting.

Background The relationship between resilience and insight may be of potential importance for coping with stress in bipolar disorder (BD). The aim of this study was to investigate if there was a relation between insight and resilience in euthymic patients with BD and also to analyze the associations between resilience, impulsivity, aggression, alcohol use and affective temperament. Methods 142 patients with BD type I in remission period were involved. Resilience Scale for Adults-Turkish version, Schedule for Assessment of Insight, Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego Autoquestionnaire, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test were used. Results Total insight scores were negatively correlated with the scores of perception of future. As distinct from other subscales of resilience, family cohesion had independent significant associations with insight in relabelling of psychotic experiences and attention impulsivity. There was no relationship between total insight and total resilience scores. Resilience scores were negatively correlated with number of depressive episodes and number of suicide attempts. Degree of aggression, degree of impulsivity, scores of depressive and hyperthymic temperament significantly predicted resilience. Limitations Recruitment of patients from a tertiary centre limits the generalizability of the findings. Conclusions : Better insight was related to negative perception of the future and did not have significant associations with total resilience. Number of depressive episodes, number of past suicide attempts correlated with resilience, emphasizing the importance of interventions to increase resilience in BD.

Objective: verify the prevalence of abuse and probable alcohol dependence in the elderly; describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the elderly; and verify the factors associated with alcohol abuse and probable dependence in the elderly. Method: cross-sectional study, observational, domiciliary survey type, conducted with 614 elderly people living in the urban area of the city of Uberaba, Brazil. The Mini Mental State Examination, sociodemographic instrument, Older Americans Resources and Services Questionnaire, Geriatric Depression Scale and Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test - Geriatric Version were used. Statistical analysis was performed in the Statiscal Package for Social Sciences. Results: the prevalence of abuse and probable alcohol dependence was 26.5%. Among the elderly with abuse and probable dependence on alcohol, there was predominance of males, 60 |- 70 years old, who lived with a spouse or partner, had 1 |- 5 years of schooling, individual monthly income from 1 -| 3 minimum wages, five or more morbidities and no indication of depressive symptoms. Abuse and probable alcohol dependence were associated with males and the presence of depressive symptoms. Conclusion: the study reinforces the need to identify early abuse and probable alcohol dependence in the elderly and to invest in health action strategies for the purpose of health promotion, disease prevention and rehabilitation of the elderly. RESUMEN Objetivo: comprobar la prevalencia del exceso y probable dependencia de alcohol en ancianos; describir las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los ancianos, y verificar los factores asociados al exceso y probable dependencia de alcohol en ancianos. Método: estudio transversal, observacional, tipo encuesta domiciliaria, realizado con 614 ancianos residentes en la zona urbana del municipio de Uberaba, Brasil. Se utilizaron el Mini Examen de Estado Mental, el instrumento sociodemográfico, la encuesta Older Americans Resources and Services, la Escala Abreviada de Depresión Geriátrica y el Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test - Geriatric Version. El análisis estadístico se llevó a cabo en el Statiscal Package for Social Sciences. Resultados: la prevalencia del exceso y probable dependencia del alcohol fue de 26,5%. Entre los ancianos con exceso y probable dependencia de alcohol se pudo comprobar un predominio del sexo masculino, entre 60 |- 70 años, vivían con su esposo(a) o compañero(a), tenían de 1 |- 5 años de estudios, ingreso mensual individual de 1 -| 3 salarios mínimos, cinco o más morbilidades y ausencia de síntomas indicadores depresivos. El exceso y probable dependencia de alcohol se asoció al sexo masculino y a la presencia de síntomas indicadores de depresión. Conclusión: el estudio refuerza la necesidad de identificar precozmente el exceso y probable dependencia de alcohol en ancianos, e invertir en estrategias de acciones de salud con la finalidad de promover salud, prevenir enfermedades y rehabilitar al anciano. RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a prevalência do abuso e provável dependência do álcool em idosos; descrever as características sociodemográficas e clínicas e dos idosos; e verificar os fatores associados ao abuso e provável dependência do álcool em idosos. Método: estudo transversal, observacional, tipo inquérito domiciliar, realizado com 614 idosos residentes na zona urbana do município de Uberaba, Brasil. Foram utilizados o Mini Exame de Estado Mental, instrumento sociodemográfico, Questionário Older Americans Resources and Services, Escala de Depressão Geriátrica Abreviada e Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test - Geriatric Version. Realizou-se análise estatística no Statiscal Package for Social Sciences. Resultados: a prevalência do abuso e provável dependência do álcool foi de 26,5%. Entre os idosos com abuso e provável dependência do álcool, verificou-se predomínio do sexo masculino, 60 |- 70 anos, moravam com esposo(a) ou companheiro(a), tinham 1 |- 5 anos de escolaridade, renda mensal individual de 1 -| 3 salários mínimos, cinco ou mais morbidades e ausência de indicativo de sintomas depressivos. O abuso e provável dependência do álcool foram associados ao sexo masculino e a presença de indicativo de sintomas depressivos. Conclusão: o estudo reforça a necessidade de identificar precocemente o abuso e provável dependência do álcool em idosos e investir em estratégias de ações de saúde com a finalidade de promoção a saúde, a prevenção de doença e reabilitação do idoso.

The study investigates the distribution of chronotypes among alcohol-dependent subjects and the relationship between personality and chronotype. Fifty-eight alcohol-dependent patients and 29 age-matched healthy controls were studied using Ogińska's Chronotype Questionnaire (ChQ), Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire - Revised (EPQ-R), Selzer's Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) and a sociodemographic status questionnaire designed by the authors. The alcohol-dependent patients tended to be morning type, based on the morningness-eveningness ChQ scale, with a weakly marked rhythm, based on the distinctness ChQ scale. Preference towards morningness was associated with older age, but no relation between chronotype and severity of alcohol dependence was found. A high amplitude of the rhythm was associated with higher neuroticism. Therefore, despite being in the minority, patients with a distinct circadian rhythm (i.e. with a high amplitude) are at greater risk of mood and anxiety disorders and hence should be given special consideration.

ABS TRACT: Clinical characteristics of euthymic bipolar disorder patients comorbid with alcohol and drug use disorders and psychometric properties of the assessment tools Objective: The primary objective of this study was to identify the frequency of alcohol and drug use disorder -abuse or dependence- (ADUD) in bipolar disorder patients who were followed in a specialized mood disorders unit and to investigate the clinical characteristics of the sample. Secondary aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the scales related with alcohol and drug use disorder among bipolar patients in remission. Methods: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT), and Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10) were applied to 292 bipolar disorder patients in the euthymic state, diagnosed by using mood disorder and alcohol/drug use disorder modules of the Structured Clinical Interview Form for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) and monitored in our Mood Disorders Center. Results: In our sample, frequency of bipolar disorder patients with ADUD was 6.16% (18/292). 15 of 18 patients with ADUD were men and 3 were women. ADUD in men (12.00%) was higher than in women (1.79%), and this difference was statistically significant (p

Residential schools were the institutions, in operation from the 19th century to the late 20th century, which Indigenous children in Canada were forced to attend. The literature shows that many young people who attended these institutions were victims of neglect and abuse. Negative psychological effects resulting from child abuse have been amply documented. However, very few studies on this subject have been carried out among Canada's Indigenous Peoples. The objective of this study is to evaluate, for an Indigenous population in Quebec (Canada), the impact of residential schooling as well as self-reported experiences of sexual and physical abuse during childhood on the development of alcohol and drug use problems in adulthood. A total of 358 Indigenous participants were interviewed (164 men [45.8%] and 194 women [54.2%]). Alcoholism was evaluated using the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST). Drug abuse was assessed with the Drug Abuse Screening Test-20 (DAST). Child abuse and residential schooling were assessed with dichotomous questions (yes/no). Among the participants, 28.5% (n=102) had attended residential schools, 35.2% (n=121) reported having experienced sexual abuse, and 34.1% (n=117) reported having experienced physical abuse before adulthood. Results of the exact logistic regression analyses indicated that residential school attendance was linked to alcohol problems, while child abuse was related to drug use problems. The results of this study highlight the importance of considering the consequences of historical traumas related to residential schools to better understand the current situation of Indigenous Peoples in Canada.

Background: An attachment theory has been conceptualized as an affect regulation theory, proposing that attachment is associated with the expression and recognition of emotions, as well as interpersonal functioning. Apart from these theoretical suggestions, there has been scarce empirical research on this subject-matter. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate potential associations between attachment, alexithymia, and dissociation in substance use disorder inpatients. Methods: The Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS), the Alexithymia Toronto Scale (TAS-20), the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), and the Curious Experiences Survey (CES) were administered to a sample of 97 substance use disorder inpatients recruited from drug and alcohol treatment centers in Warsaw, and 104 persons in control groups, Poland. Results: A comparative analysis between the group of alcohol addicts and non-addicts showed statistically significant differences related to: alexithymia, dissociation, and attachment styles. The analysis of models related to the impact of attachment styles on the level of alcohol addiction with regard to a mediatory role of alexithymia and dissociation showed that all models are well fitted to data and statistically significant: intimacy F(3.197)=34.41; p

BACKGROUND Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) are the leading cause of mortality in the world. Identification of risk factors and the implementation of preventive measures can effectively reduce the chance of disease and death due to CNCDs. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze selected risk factors of CNCDs in women and men hospitalized in surgical wards. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study group included 420 patients aged 18-84 years who were hospitalized in surgical wards. All participants were interviewed prior to anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and fasting blood tests. A statistical analysis of the material was performed with the use of Student's t-test, χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS The analysis of the study material showed abdominal obesity in 63% of patients, more likely in women (p < 0.001); increased total cholesterol values in 30% of patients, more frequently in women (p = 0.025); blood pressure values ≥140/90 mm Hg in 28% of patients, more frequently in men (p < 0.001); alcohol abuse (≥5 points in the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test, MAST) in 12.6% of patients, more frequently in men (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Both women and men are at risk of developing CNCDs; however, women should pay more attention to psychological counseling and the prevention of obesity and hypercholesterolemia, while men should be educated on how to prevent hypertension and alcohol abuse.

Background To describe the prevalence of alcohol dependence and to explore the relationship between alcohol dependence and newly detected hypertension in China. Methods A multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to obtain samples from February to June 2013. The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test was used to estimate alcohol dependence level. A standard questionnaire measured other independent variables. Enumeration data were analyzed using chi-square; quantitative data were analyzed using t-tests. Spearman correlation analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the relationship between alcohol dependence and hypertension. Results The alcohol dependence rate was 11.56%; 22.02% of males (3854/17501) and 1.74% of females (324/18656) were classified as alcohol dependent. The newly detected hypertension rate was 9.46% (3422/36157). Significant associations were found between alcohol dependence levels and blood pressure (P

Comorbidity of alcohol use disorder and major depressive disorder has been reported in samples. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between alcoholism and depression in undiagnosed patients by simultaneously applying screening tests for both disorders. A total of 421 subjects were included in the study, of which 246 were female. Two screening tests, the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test and the Beck Depression Inventory, were used. In the total sample, 28.03% of the respondents engaged in some type of harmful alcohol use and 55.82% experienced some level of depression; 24.70% of the respondents had both at the same time, some type of harmful alcohol use and some level of depression. Results of statistical analysis showed that a more problematic alcohol use type was associated with a more severe level of depression, with a greater positive association between problematic alcohol use and severity of depressive symptoms among females and more harmful alcohol consumption among males. This study points to the importance of screening for alcoholism and depression, because their timely detection and treatment improves the quality of life in newly diagnosed individuals and reduces the economic burden on society for health services due to greater use if a greater severity of dual disorder is reached.

WOS: 000450125200007, Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ) by evaluating people with alcohol use disorder. Method: The present study was conducted with an adult sample of 200 participants with alcohol use disorder according to DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). These volunteers applied to Ege University Institute on Drug Abuse, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science. Regarding validity analysis, item-total score correlation coefficients and principal component analysis were calculated. The scale was compared with the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) analysis was performed with an internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability. Results: Considering the internal consistency reliability of scale, Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Coefficient was found to be a=0.914. The Item and Total Score Correlation Coefficients of the scale items were found between 0.309 and 0.730 (p < 0.01). The mean test-retest scores of the scale and its sub-dimensions were calculated with t-test for dependent groups. The difference was not statistically significant. The Test-retest correlation coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.855 (p < 0.01). Exploratory factor analysis explained 70.5% of the total variance and four sub-dimensions were identified. Factor loadings of these sub-dimensions were estimated between 0.49-0.91. The correlation between SADQ and MAST was statistically significant (r = 0.557, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the Turkish version of the SADQ with four sub-dimensions is a reliable and valid instrument for determining alcohol severity dependence.

Background The theory of attachment is important to understand a lot of human behaviour. Styles of attachment could be important predictors in developing dependence on alcoholism. Insecure attachment patterns could be significant risk factors for future alcohol use. Methods Participants for this study consist of fathers with alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) from treatment centres and fathers from the community with no dependency on alcohol, and their sons (n=200). The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST), socioeconomic status scale were administered, and attachment styles were derived by the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ). We hypothesised a prior concept reflecting theoretical predictions for the association between attachment styles and alcohol in both the generations. Results Statistics on SPSS-16 was used to test our hypotheses. As predicted, fathers with ADS had insecure attachments styles in comparison to the control group. Substance abuse/dependence and treatment participation were at an all-time low for the secure group. Conclusion The findings from this study identify attachment styles as an influential factor in understanding the divergence between alcohol dependence in treatment seekers. The findings further imply that differential treatment may need to be provided taking into account one's attachment representation to promote successful recovery. It also highlights the need to develop secure ties in children of alcoholic parents to protect them from use of substances as a coping and a learned mechanism. Limitations of the study and suggestions for further research are highlighted and implications for diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

Objectives: To investigate the abusive consumption of alcohol in the elderly in the municipality of Santa Cruz - PB. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study, with quantitative approach with a sample of 170 elderly. To perform the study, three instruments were used: the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test - Geriatric Version (MAST-G). The data were analyzed in the program Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS - version 21). Results: 14.7% of the elderly were classified by the MAST-G score as elderly individuals presenting problems related to alcohol abuse, the majority of whom were male, single, with education above 05 years, who reside alone, and present some pathology and make use of medications. Conclusion: the research points out the need for multiprofessional work in health in Primary Care, in order to develop health actions that include the prevention of alcohol consumption and minimize the deleterious effects of consumption, in order to reduce the number of undesirable events arising from the use of that substance. Keywords: Primary health care; Alcohol; Old man.

Objective: To evaluate the internal consistency of the version of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test – Geriatric Version (MAST-G) instrument, translated and adapted for Brazil. Method: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Data were collected through a demographic questionnaire, the ICD-10 and the MAST-G, following the steps of translation and cultural adaptation. One hundred eleven elderly in the city of São Carlos, SP, Brazil were interviewed. Results: The mean age of those interviewed was 70 years, with 45% men and 55% women, with the mean education of three years; 92% resided with family; 48% of the subjects consumed alcoholic beverages. The MAST-G presented a good level of reliability, with Cronbach’s α = 0.7873, and good levels of sensitivity and specificity with a cutoff score of five positive responses. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the MAST-G presented internal consistency values similar to the original English version,showing it to be adequate for use in the national context. Objetivo: Evaluar la consistencia interna de la versión traducida y adaptada para Brasil del instrumento Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test – Geriatric Version (MAST-G) ─ Prueba de detección del alcoholismo de Michigan – Versión Geriátrica. Método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Los datos fueron recogidos mediante un cuestionario con informaciones sociodemográficas, CIE-10 y MAST-G, siguiendo las etapas de traducción y adaptación transcultural. Fueron entrevistados a 111 ancianos de la ciudad de São Carlos, SP, Brasil. Resultados: El promedio de edad de los entrevistados fue de 70 años, siendo el 45% varones y el 55% mujeres, con escolaridad media de tres años; el 92% vivían con la familia; el 48% de los sujetos consumían bebidas alcohólicas. El MAST-G presentó buen índice de fiabilidad, con Alfa de Cronbach α = 0,7873 y buenos índices de especificidad y sensibilidad, con nota de corte de cinco respuestas positivas. Conclusión: La versión brasileña del MAST-G ha presentado valores de consistencia interna similares a los de la versión original en inglés, mostrándose adecuada para su empleo en el marco nacional. Objetivo:Avaliar a consistência interna da versão traduzida e adaptada para o Brasil do instrumento Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test – Geriatric Version (MAST-G). Método: Estudo descritivo de corte transversal. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário com informações sociodemográficas, o CID-10 e o MAST-G, seguindo as etapas de tradução e adaptação transcultural. Foram entrevistados 111 idosos do município de São Carlos, SP, Brasil. Resultados: A média de idade dos entrevistados foi de 70 anos, sendo 45% homens e 55% mulheres, com escolaridade média de três anos; 92% residiam com a família; 48% dos sujeitos consumiam bebida alcoólica. O MAST-G apresentou bom índice de confiabilidade, com Alfa de Cronbach α = 0,7873, e bons índices de especificidade e sensibilidade, com nota de corte de cinco respostas positivas. Conclusão: A versão brasileira do MAST-G apresentou valores de consistência interna semelhantes aos da versão original em inglês, mostrando-se adequada para uso no contexto nacional.

Objective: Certain skin diseases have been associated with increased alcohol consumption. Our aim was to investigate whether alcohol use and addiction have any effect on dermatologic diseases and relationship between alcohol consumption and cutaneous disease. Method: A total of 100 patients with psychiatric comorbidity and diagnosed with psychodermatologic disease (psoriasis, acne, chronic uticaria, psychogenic pruritus, alopecia areata), 60 patients with chronic dermatosis and 74 healthy subjects were enrolled to this study. They were given a questionnaire including sociodemographic characteristics, the history of the disease, the questions aimed to examine relationship between alcohol use and cutaneous disease, and Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST). All data were assessed statistically. Results: The ratio of alcohol consumption in our study population was 14,9%. The prevalence percentages of alcohol usage in the group of psychodermatologic diseases, in the group of chronic diseases and normal population were 18%, 8,3% and 16,2% respectively. This difference between the groups was not significant statistically (p=0.236). In terms of MAST score, the difference between the groups was not significant statistically (p=0.075). However, the relationship between alcohol and skin disease could not been evaluated because of the rate of alcohol use was low. Conclusion: Patients with dermatologic diseases associated with psychosocial morbidity did not consume more alcohol than patients with other chronic diseases and normal population. However, because of different sociocultural effects, there is a need of broad-scale and multicenter studies for more determinative results.

Background: Driving while intoxicated or under the influence (DUI; for the purposes of this paper, we use the following terms synonymously: driving under the influence, driving while intoxicated, and drunk driving) and engaging in interpersonal violence are two injury-related problems of high public health importance that have both been linked to alcohol consumption. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of DUI and violence in a sample of individuals in treatment for alcohol dependence in Poland. Patient characteristics associated with DUI and violence involvement, with a particular focus on impulsivity, were examined. Methods: Three hundred and sixty-four patients consecutively admitted to four alcohol treatment programs in Warsaw, Poland participated in this study. Questions concerning history of interpersonal violence as well as those about DUI were derived from the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test. Impulsivity level was measured using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory, and the stop-signal task. Results: Among all participants in the study, 148 (40.1%) had been arrested in the past for DUI, and 196 (55%) reported involvement in a fight under the influence of alcohol (FUI). The DUI group had a significantly earlier onset of alcohol problems, a longer period of heavy alcohol use, and fewer women in comparison to participants without a DUI history. FUI patients were significantly younger, with a younger average age of onset of drinking problems, longer period of heavy drinking, and lower percentage of women than the non-FUI group. Conclusion: Both of the self-reported measures of impulsivity indicated a higher level of impulsivity among participants from the FUI group than those from the non-FUI group.

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST-C). Design & Methods The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the MAST-C were examined in this study. Findings The MAST-C had an internal consistency of 0.83 and a test–retest reliability of 0.89. It had a good content validity index of 0.92. Factor analysis identified four factors and the optimal cutoff point for the MAST-C was a score of 6/7, which yielded a sensitivity of 0.92, a specificity of 0.83, a positive predictive value of 0.92, and a negative predictive value of 0.83. Practice Implications The MAST-C provides a fast, accurate, and sensitive method for clinically diagnosing alcoholism and clinical management.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The ways in which homeless individuals cope with stress may differ from those relied upon by the members of the general population and these differences may either be the result or the cause of their living conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the preferred coping style among the homeless and its relationship with alcohol dependence. METHODS: The study included 78 homeless individuals and involved the collection of demographic, sociological, psychological and medical data from each participant. Coping styles relied upon when dealing with stressful situations were assessed using a Polish adaptation of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations. Alcohol dependence was assessed using the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) and a quantitative analysis of alcohol consumption. RESULTS: Men accounted for 91.93% of the study population. Nearly 75% of the subjects met the alcohol dependence criterion. Significant relationships were observed between the individual's age, preferred coping style and alcohol consumption level. As an individual's age increased, the use of emotion-oriented coping styles decreased, while an increase in alcohol consumption was associated with a more frequent use of emotion- and avoidance-oriented strategies. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study, similarly to those of many other studies of homeless individuals but investigating other areas (e.g. epidemiology of tuberculosis and traumatic injuries), are an exaggerated representation of associations observed in the general population. The results describe a group of people living on the margins of the society, often suffering from extremely advanced alcoholism, with clear evident psychodegradation. The presence of specific ways of coping with stress related to excessive alcohol consumption in this group of individuals may interfere with active participation in support programmes provided for the homeless and may further exacerbate their problems. Language: en