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Automated tumor segmentation tools for glioblastoma show promising performance. To apply these tools for automated response assessment, longitudinal segmentation, and tumor measurement, consistency is critical. This study aimed to determine whether BraTumIA and HD-GLIO are suited for this task. We evaluated two segmentation tools with respect to automated response assessment on the single-center retrospective LUMIERE dataset with 80 patients and a total of 502 post-operative time points. Volumetry and automated bi-dimensional measurements were compared with expert measurements following the Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) guidelines. The longitudinal trend agreement between the expert and methods was evaluated, and the RANO progression thresholds were tested against the expert-derived time-to-progression (TTP). The TTP and overall survival (OS) correlation was used to check the progression thresholds. We evaluated the automated detection and influence of non-measurable lesions. The tumor volume trend agreement calculated between segmentation volumes and the expert bi-dimensional measurements was high (HD-GLIO: 81.1%, BraTumIA: 79.7%). BraTumIA achieved the closest match to the expert TTP using the recommended RANO progression threshold. HD-GLIO-derived tumor volumes reached the highest correlation between TTP and OS (0.55). Both tools failed at an accurate lesion count across time. Manual false-positive removal and restricting to a maximum number of measurable lesions had no beneficial effect. Expert supervision and manual corrections are still necessary when applying the tested automated segmentation tools for automated response assessment. The longitudinal consistency of current segmentation tools needs further improvement. Validation of volumetric and bi-dimensional progression thresholds with multi-center studies is required to move toward volumetry-based response assessment.

Abstract Publicly available Glioblastoma (GBM) datasets predominantly include pre-operative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) or contain few follow-up images for each patient. Access to fully longitudinal datasets is critical to advance the refinement of treatment response assessment. We release a single-center longitudinal GBM MRI dataset with expert ratings of selected follow-up studies according to the response assessment in neuro-oncology criteria (RANO). The expert rating includes details about the rationale of the ratings. For a subset of patients, we provide pathology information regarding methylation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter status and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), as well as the overall survival time. The data includes T1-weighted pre- and post-contrast, T2-weighted, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) MRI. Segmentations from state-of-the-art automated segmentation tools, as well as radiomic features, complement the data. Possible applications of this dataset are radiomics research, the development and validation of automated segmentation methods, and studies on response assessment. This collection includes MRI data of 91 GBM patients with a total of 638 study dates and 2487 images.