175 results on '"Michele Grassi"'
Search Results
2. The abstinence from smartphone scale (ABSS-10): Psychometric properties and practical utility
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Claudia Virginia Manara, Serena Mingolo, Michele Grassi, Fabrizio Sors, Valter Prpic, Tiziano Agostini, and Mauro Murgia
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Smartphones ,Smartphone addiction ,Anxiety ,Abstinence symptoms ,Withdrawal symptoms ,Psychometric validation ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
In order to frame excessive smartphone use as an addiction, it is important to understand whether this behavior determines abstinence symptoms and which damaging effect it has on emotions and cognition. However, an appropriate tool to assess the presence of smartphone abstinence symptoms is still lacking. In the present study, we propose a scale that is specifically developed to assess the psychological state deriving from smartphone abstinence: The Abstinence from Smartphone Scale (ABSS-10). The aim of this work is to validate ABSS-10 and to investigate its relevance in the context of smartphone addiction. Two studies were conducted to explore ABSS-10 psychometric properties, focusing on discriminant validity, and its relationship with smartphone dependence and emotional attachment. In Study 1, university students were administered the ABSS-10 two times during a two and a half-hour long smartphone restriction period. In Study 2, the scale was administered three times during a five-hour long smartphone restriction period. General state anxiety and smartphone dependence scales were also administered. The findings reveal that ABSS-10 effectively differentiates smartphone abstinence symptoms from general state anxiety and dependence. Moreover, results show that the scale detects changes in abstinence symptoms scores during a five-hour restriction period. The scale's utility in both research and practical settings is discussed, highlighting its potential contributions to understanding the psychological dynamics of smartphone use and abstinence. The present work suggests that ABSS-10 is a robust tool for research on the psychological effects of smartphone usage.
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- 2024
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3. A complete season with attendance restrictions confirms the relevant contribution of spectators to home advantage and referee bias in association football
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Fabrizio Sors, Michele Grassi, Tiziano Agostini, and Mauro Murgia
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Crowd ,Football ,Officials ,Social pressure ,Support ,Medicine ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Background Due to the unfortunate pandemic situation, the phenomena of home advantage and referee bias in sports have recently received a particular research attention, especially in association football. In this regard, several studies were conducted on the last portion of the 2019–20 season: the majority of them suggests a reduction—but not the elimination—of the two phenomena, with some exceptions in which no reduction was found or, at the other extreme, the phenomena were not observed at all. Methods The continuation of the pandemic made it possible to replicate the previous studies considering the complete 2020–21 season, thus with the important added value of having a fully balanced home/away schedule—and a higher number of matches—in the various leagues. In particular, the sample of the present study consisted of 3,898 matches from the first and second divisions of the UEFA top five ranked countries, that is, England, Spain, Italy, Germany, and France. For the home advantage, the following variables were examined: distribution of matches outcomes and home advantage for points (also for previous seasons from the 2014–15 one); ball possession; total shots; shots on goal; and corner kicks. Instead, for he referee bias, the following variables were examined: fouls; yellow cards; red cards; penalty kicks; and extra time. Chi-square tests were used to compare the distribution of matches outcomes, and t-tests to compare home vs. away data for the other variables in the 2020–21 season; Bayesian and equivalence analyses were also conducted. Results The main results are as follows: (a) the distribution of matches outcomes in the 2020–21 season was significantly different from that of the last five complete seasons with spectators (Chi-square = 37.42, df = 2, p < 0.001), with fewer home victories and more away victories; the resulting values of the home advantage for points were 54.95% for the 2020–21 season, and 59.36% for the previous seasons; (b) for the other home advantage variables, a statistically significant overall advantage for the home team emerged; nevertheless, the strength of the differences between home and away teams was generally small (0.09 < Cohen’s d < 0.17), and the corresponding means can be considered statistically equivalent for all variables but the total shots; (c) no statistically significant differences emerged between home and away teams for any of the referee bias variables. Discussion These findings demonstrate that the absence of spectators significantly reduced the home advantage compared to previous seasons with spectators. A slight home advantage persisted in the 2020–21 season, probably due to other factors, namely, learning and travel, according to the model by Courneya & Carron (1992). Conversely, the referee bias was not observed, suggesting that it mainly derives from the pressure normally exerted by spectators.
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- 2022
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4. Extracellular Vesicles Secreted by Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Exert Opposite Effects to Their Cells of Origin in Murine Sodium Dextran Sulfate-Induced Colitis
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Anna Maria Tolomeo, Ignazio Castagliuolo, Martina Piccoli, Michele Grassi, Fabio Magarotto, Giada De Lazzari, Ricardo Malvicini, Federico Caicci, Chiara Franzin, Melania Scarpa, Veronica Macchi, Raffaele De Caro, Imerio Angriman, Antonella Viola, Andrea Porzionato, Michela Pozzobon, and Maurizio Muraca
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inflammatory bowel disease ,mesenchymal stromal cells ,extracellular vesicles ,macrophage polarization ,sodium dextran sulfate ,immunomodulation ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Several reports have described a beneficial effect of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) and of their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) in mice with experimental colitis. However, the effects of the two treatments have not been thoroughly compared in this model. Here, we compared the effects of MSCs and of MSC-EV administration in mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Since cytokine conditioning was reported to enhance the immune modulatory activity of MSCs, the cells were kept either under standard culture conditions (naïve, nMSCs) or primed with a cocktail of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL1β, IL6 and TNFα (induced, iMSCs). In our experimental conditions, nMSCs and iMSCs administration resulted in both clinical and histological worsening and was associated with pro-inflammatory polarization of intestinal macrophages. However, mice treated with iEVs showed clinico-pathological improvement, decreased intestinal fibrosis and angiogenesis and a striking increase in intestinal expression of Mucin 5ac, suggesting improved epithelial function. Moreover, treatment with iEVs resulted in the polarization of intestinal macrophages towards and anti-inflammatory phenotype and in an increased Treg/Teff ratio at the level of the intestinal lymph node. Collectively, these data confirm that MSCs can behave either as anti- or as pro-inflammatory agents depending on the host environment. In contrast, EVs showed a beneficial effect, suggesting a more predictable behavior, a safer therapeutic profile and a higher therapeutic efficacy with respect to their cells of origin.
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- 2021
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5. Imagined Intergroup Physical Contact Improves Attitudes Toward Immigrants
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Soraya E. Shamloo, Andrea Carnaghi, Valentina Piccoli, Michele Grassi, and Mauro Bianchi
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touch ,physical contact ,imagined contact ,prejudice ,immigrants ,intergroup bias ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
In this set of research, we investigated the effects of intergroup physical contact on intergroup attitudes by relying on indirect contact strategies, namely the imagined contact paradigm. We implemented the imagined contact paradigm by leading participants to shape the mental imagery upon pictorial information. Specifically, in Study 1 participants saw a picture of a white hand touching a black hand [i.e., intergroup physical contact condition (InterPC)] or a picture of an outdoor scene (i.e., control condition), and were asked to imagine being either the toucher or in the outdoor scene, respectively. Results demonstrated that InterPC compared to control condition reduced intergroup bias. In Study 2 we compared the InterPC condition to a condition in which participants saw a white hand touching another white hand [i.e., intragroup physical contact (IntraPC)], and imagined to be the toucher. Again, we found that participants in the InterPC condition showed reduced intergroup bias compared to the IntraPC. Study 3 replicated results of Studies 1 and 2 by using an implicit measure of prejudice. Also, Study 3 further showed that asking participants to merely look at the picture of a white hand touching a black hand, without imagining being the toucher was not effective in reducing implicit prejudice. Results were discussed with respect to the literature on physical contact and prejudice reduction processes.
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- 2018
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6. Action Observation Plus Sonification. A Novel Therapeutic Protocol for Parkinson’s Patient with Freezing of Gait
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Susanna Mezzarobba, Michele Grassi, Lorella Pellegrini, Mauro Catalan, Bjorn Kruger, Giovanni Furlanis, Paolo Manganotti, and Paolo Bernardis
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freezing of gait ,action observation ,Sonification ,Parkinson’s disease ,cueing ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Freezing of gait (FoG) is a disabling symptom associated with falls, with little or no responsiveness to pharmacological treatment. Current protocols used for rehabilitation are based on the use of external sensory cues. However, cued strategies might generate an important dependence on the environment. Teaching motor strategies without cues [i.e., action observation (AO) plus Sonification] could represent an alternative/innovative approach to rehabilitation that matters most on appropriate allocation of attention and lightening cognitive load. We aimed to test the effects of a novel experimental protocol to treat patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and FoG, using functional, and clinical scales. The experimental protocol was based on AO plus Sonification. 12 patients were treated with 8 motor gestures. They watched eight videos showing an actor performing the same eight gestures, and then tried to repeat each gesture. Each video was composed by images and sounds of the gestures. By means of the Sonification technique, the sounds of gestures were obtained by transforming kinematic data (velocity) recorded during gesture execution, into pitch variations. The same 8 motor gestures were also used in a second group of 10 patients; which were treated with a standard protocol based on a common sensory stimulation method. All patients were tested with functional and clinical scales before, after, at 1 month, and 3 months after the treatment. Data showed that the experimental protocol have positive effects on functional and clinical tests. In comparison with the baseline evaluations, significant performance improvements were seen in the NFOG questionnaire, and the UPDRS (parts II and III). Importantly, all these improvements were consistently observed at the end, 1 month, and 3 months after treatment. No improvement effects were found in the group of patients treated with the standard protocol. These data suggest that a multisensory approach based on AO plus Sonification, with the two stimuli semantically related, could help PD patients with FoG to relearn gait movements, to reduce freezing episodes, and that these effects could be prolonged over time.
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- 2018
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7. A Model-Based 3D Template Matching Technique for Pose Acquisition of an Uncooperative Space Object
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Roberto Opromolla, Giancarmine Fasano, Giancarlo Rufino, and Michele Grassi
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model-based algorithms ,pose acquisition ,uncooperative target ,template matching ,point cloud ,LIDAR ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
This paper presents a customized three-dimensional template matching technique for autonomous pose determination of uncooperative targets. This topic is relevant to advanced space applications, like active debris removal and on-orbit servicing. The proposed technique is model-based and produces estimates of the target pose without any prior pose information, by processing three-dimensional point clouds provided by a LIDAR. These estimates are then used to initialize a pose tracking algorithm. Peculiar features of the proposed approach are the use of a reduced number of templates and the idea of building the database of templates on-line, thus significantly reducing the amount of on-board stored data with respect to traditional techniques. An algorithm variant is also introduced aimed at further accelerating the pose acquisition time and reducing the computational cost. Technique performance is investigated within a realistic numerical simulation environment comprising a target model, LIDAR operation and various target-chaser relative dynamics scenarios, relevant to close-proximity flight operations. Specifically, the capability of the proposed techniques to provide a pose solution suitable to initialize the tracking algorithm is demonstrated, as well as their robustness against highly variable pose conditions determined by the relative dynamics. Finally, a criterion for autonomous failure detection of the presented techniques is presented.
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- 2015
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8. PCA-Based Line Detection from Range Data for Mapping and Localization-Aiding of UAVs
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Roberto Opromolla, Giancarmine Fasano, Michele Grassi, Al Savvaris, and Antonio Moccia
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Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics ,TL1-4050 - Abstract
This paper presents an original technique for robust detection of line features from range data, which is also the core element of an algorithm conceived for mapping 2D environments. A new approach is also discussed to improve the accuracy of position and attitude estimates of the localization by feeding back angular information extracted from the detected edges in the updating map. The innovative aspects of the line detection algorithm regard the proposed hierarchical clusterization method for segmentation. Instead, line fitting is carried out by exploiting the Principal Component Analysis, unlike traditional techniques relying on least squares linear regression. Numerical simulations are purposely conceived to compare these approaches for line fitting. Results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed technique as it provides comparable performance in terms of computational load and accuracy compared to the least squares method. Also, performance of the overall line detection architecture, as well as of the solutions proposed for line-based mapping and localization-aiding, is evaluated exploiting real range data acquired in indoor environments using an UTM-30LX-EW 2D LIDAR. This paper lies in the framework of autonomous navigation of unmanned vehicles moving in complex 2D areas, for example, being unexplored, full of obstacles, GPS-challenging, or denied.
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- 2017
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9. Multi-UAV Path Planning for Autonomous Missions in Mixed GNSS Coverage Scenarios
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Flavia Causa, Giancarmine Fasano, and Michele Grassi
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multi-UAV path planning ,cooperative navigation ,GNSS-challenging environment ,insertion-based techniques ,polynomial path ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
This paper presents an algorithm for multi-UAV path planning in scenarios with heterogeneous Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) coverage. In these environments, cooperative strategies can be effectively exploited when flying in GNSS-challenging conditions, e.g., natural/urban canyons, while the different UAVs can fly as independent systems in the absence of navigation issues (i.e., open sky conditions). These different flight environments are taken into account at path planning level, obtaining a distributed multi-UAV system that autonomously reconfigures itself based on mission needs. Path planning, formulated as a vehicle routing problem, aims at defining smooth and flyable polynomial trajectories, whose time of flight is estimated to guarantee coexistence of different UAVs at the same challenging area. The algorithm is tested in a simulation environment directly derived from a real-world 3D scenario, for variable number of UAVs and waypoints. Its solution and computational cost are compared with optimal planning methods. Results show that the computational burden is almost unaffected by the number of UAVs, and it is compatible with near real time implementation even for a relatively large number of waypoints. The provided solution takes full advantage from the available flight resources, reducing mission time for a given set of waypoints and for increasing UAV number.
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- 2018
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10. Satellite Angular Velocity Estimation Based on Star Images and Optical Flow Techniques
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Giancarmine Fasano, Giancarlo Rufino, Domenico Accardo, and Michele Grassi
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spacecraft angular velocity estimation ,star field images ,optical flow ,performance analysis ,hardware-in-the-loop simulation ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
An optical flow-based technique is proposed to estimate spacecraft angular velocity based on sequences of star-field images. It does not require star identification and can be thus used to also deliver angular rate information when attitude determination is not possible, as during platform de tumbling or slewing. Region-based optical flow calculation is carried out on successive star images preprocessed to remove background. Sensor calibration parameters, Poisson equation, and a least-squares method are then used to estimate the angular velocity vector components in the sensor rotating frame. A theoretical error budget is developed to estimate the expected angular rate accuracy as a function of camera parameters and star distribution in the field of view. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is tested by using star field scenes generated by a hardware-in-the-loop testing facility and acquired by a commercial-off-the shelf camera sensor. Simulated cases comprise rotations at different rates. Experimental results are presented which are consistent with theoretical estimates. In particular, very accurate angular velocity estimates are generated at lower slew rates, while in all cases the achievable accuracy in the estimation of the angular velocity component along boresight is about one order of magnitude worse than the other two components.
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- 2013
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11. Digital Sun Sensor Multi-Spot Operation
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Michele Grassi and Giancarlo Rufino
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sun sensor ,APS ,centroiding ,attitude determination ,image processing ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
The operation and test of a multi-spot digital sun sensor for precise sun-line determination is described. The image forming system consists of an opaque mask with multiple pinhole apertures producing multiple, simultaneous, spot-like images of the sun on the focal plane. The sun-line precision can be improved by averaging multiple simultaneous measures. Nevertheless, the sensor operation on a wide field of view requires acquiring and processing images in which the number of sun spots and the related intensity level are largely variable. To this end, a reliable and robust image acquisition procedure based on a variable shutter time has been considered as well as a calibration function exploiting also the knowledge of the sun-spot array size. Main focus of the present paper is the experimental validation of the wide field of view operation of the sensor by using a sensor prototype and a laboratory test facility. Results demonstrate that it is possible to keep high measurement precision also for large off-boresight angles.
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- 2012
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12. Multi-Aperture CMOS Sun Sensor for Microsatellite Attitude Determination
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Michele Grassi and Giancarlo Rufino
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sun sensor ,satellite attitude determination ,calibration ,neural networks ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
This paper describes the high precision digital sun sensor under development at the University of Naples. The sensor determines the sun line orientation in the sensor frame from the measurement of the sun position on the focal plane. It exploits CMOS technology and an original optical head design with multiple apertures. This allows simultaneous multiple acquisitions of the sun as spots on the focal plane. The sensor can be operated either with a fixed or a variable number of sun spots, depending on the required field of view and sun-line measurement precision. Multiple acquisitions are averaged by using techniques which minimize the computational load to extract the sun line orientation with high precision. Accuracy and computational efficiency are also improved thanks to an original design of the calibration function relying on neural networks. Extensive test campaigns are carried out using a laboratory test facility reproducing sun spectrum, apparent size and distance, and variable illumination directions. Test results validate the sensor concept, confirming the precision improvement achievable with multiple apertures, and sensor operation with a variable number of sun spots. Specifically, the sensor provides accuracy and precision in the order of 1 arcmin and 1 arcsec, respectively.
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- 2009
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13. Hardware in the Loop Performance Assessment of LIDAR-Based Spacecraft Pose Determination
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Roberto Opromolla, Giancarmine Fasano, Giancarlo Rufino, and Michele Grassi
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spacecraft pose determination ,uncooperative targets ,LIDAR ,monocular camera ,LIDAR/camera relative calibration ,hardware-in-the-loop laboratory tests ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
In this paper an original, easy to reproduce, semi-analytic calibration approach is developed for hardware-in-the-loop performance assessment of pose determination algorithms processing point cloud data, collected by imaging a non-cooperative target with LIDARs. The laboratory setup includes a scanning LIDAR, a monocular camera, a scaled-replica of a satellite-like target, and a set of calibration tools. The point clouds are processed by uncooperative model-based algorithms to estimate the target relative position and attitude with respect to the LIDAR. Target images, acquired by a monocular camera operated simultaneously with the LIDAR, are processed applying standard solutions to the Perspective-n-Points problem to get high-accuracy pose estimates which can be used as a benchmark to evaluate the accuracy attained by the LIDAR-based techniques. To this aim, a precise knowledge of the extrinsic relative calibration between the camera and the LIDAR is essential, and it is obtained by implementing an original calibration approach which does not need ad-hoc homologous targets (e.g., retro-reflectors) easily recognizable by the two sensors. The pose determination techniques investigated by this work are of interest to space applications involving close-proximity maneuvers between non-cooperative platforms, e.g., on-orbit servicing and active debris removal.
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- 2017
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14. Real-Time Hardware-in-the-Loop Tests of Star Tracker Algorithms
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Giancarlo Rufino, Domenico Accardo, Michele Grassi, Giancarmine Fasano, Alfredo Renga, and Urbano Tancredi
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Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics ,TL1-4050 - Abstract
This paper deals with star tracker algorithms validation based on star field scene simulation and hardware-in-the-loop test configuration. A laboratory facility for indoor tests, based on the simulation of star field scenes, is presented. Attainable performance is analyzed theoretically for both static and dynamic simulations. Also, a test campaign is presented, in which a star sensor prototype with real-time, fully autonomous capability is exploited. Results that assess star field scene simulation performance and show the achievable validation for the sensor algorithms and performance in different operating modes (autonomous attitude acquisition, attitude tracking, and angular rate-only) and different aspects (coverage, reliability, and measurement performance) are discussed.
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- 2013
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15. Relative Navigation in LEO by Carrier-Phase Differential GPS with Intersatellite Ranging Augmentation
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Alfredo Renga, Michele Grassi, and Urbano Tancredi
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Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics ,TL1-4050 - Abstract
Carrier-phase differential GPS (CDGPS) is a promising technology for accurate relative navigation in LEO formations of cooperating satellites, but navigation filter robustness against poor GPS geometry and noisy measurements has to be improved. This can be performed by augmenting the navigation filter with intersatellite local ranging measurements, as the ones provided by ranging transponders or GNSS-like systems. In this paper, an augmented CDGPS navigation filter is proposed for the formation of two satellites characterized by a short, varying baseline, relevant to next generation Synthetic Aperture Radar missions. Specifically, a cascade-combination of dynamic and kinematic filters which processes double-differenced code and carrier measurements on two frequencies, as well as local inter-satellite ranging measurements, is used to get centimeter-level baseline estimates. The augmented filter is validated by numerical simulations of the formation orbital path. Results demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective in preserving the centimeter-level accuracy achievable by a CDGPS-only filter also in the presence of a poor GDOP or a limited number of GPS satellites in view.
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- 2013
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16. Corrigendum to cyberbullying through the lens of social influence: Predicting cyberbullying perpetration from perceived peer-norm, cyberspace regulations and ingroup processes [Comput. Hum. Behav. 102C (2020) 260-273.
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Valentina Piccoli, Andrea Carnaghi, Michele Grassi, Marta Stragà, and Mauro Bianchi
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- 2024
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17. Perceived-Social Isolation and Cyberbullying Involvement: The Role of Online Social Interaction.
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Valentina Piccoli, Andrea Carnaghi, Mauro Bianchi, and Michele Grassi
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- 2022
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18. X-Band SAR Antenna Design for a CubeSat Formation-Flying Remote Sensing Mission.
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Gerardo Di Martino, Alessio Di Simone, Antonio Iodice, Daniele Riccio, Giuseppe Ruello, Michele Grassi, Maria Daniela Graziano, Antonio Moccia, and Alfredo Renga
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- 2021
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19. Formation-Flying SAR Receivers in Far-From-Transmitter Geometry: Signal Model and Processing Scheme.
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Gerardo Di Martino, Alessio Di Simone, Michele Grassi, Marco Grasso, Maria Daniela Graziano, Antonio Iodice, Antonio Moccia, Alfredo Renga, Daniele Riccio, and Giuseppe Ruello
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- 2021
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20. Formation-Flying SAR Receivers in FAR-from-Transmitter Geometry: X-Band SAR Antenna Design.
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Gerardo Di Martino, Alessio Di Simone, Michele Grassi, Marco Grasso, Maria Daniela Graziano, Antonio Iodice, Antonio Moccia, Alfredo Renga, Daniele Riccio, and Giuseppe Ruello
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- 2021
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21. Cyberbullying through the lens of social influence: Predicting cyberbullying perpetration from perceived peer-norm, cyberspace regulations and ingroup processes.
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Valentina Piccoli, Andrea Carnaghi, Michele Grassi, Marta Stragà, and Mauro Bianchi
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- 2020
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22. Multi-UAV Carrier Phase Differential GPS and Vision-based Sensing for High Accuracy Attitude Estimation.
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Amedeo Rodi Vetrella, Flavia Causa, Alfredo Renga, Giancarmine Fasano, Domenico Accardo, and Michele Grassi
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- 2019
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23. What inspires us? An experimental analysis of the semantic meaning of irrelevant information in creative ideation
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Serena Mastria, Sergio Agnoli, Giovanni Emanuele Corazza, Michele Grassi, and Laura Franchin
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Philosophy ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Psychology (miscellaneous) - Published
- 2022
24. Pose Estimation for Spacecraft Relative Navigation Using Model-Based Algorithms.
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Roberto Opromolla, Giancarmine Fasano, Giancarlo Rufino, and Michele Grassi
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- 2017
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25. Experimental validation of inertia parameters and attitude estimation of uncooperative space targets using solid state LIDAR
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Alessia Nocerino, Roberto Opromolla, Giancarmine Fasano, Michele Grassi, Pol Fontdegloria Balaguer, Spencer John, Hancheol Cho, Riccardo Bevilacqua, Nocerino, Alessia, Opromolla, Roberto, Fasano, Giancarmine, Grassi, Michele, Fontdegloria Balaguer, Pol, John, Spencer, Cho, Hancheol, and Bevilacqua, Riccardo
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Aerospace Engineering ,Inertia parameters estimation, Attitude estimation, Uncooperative target, Solid-state LIDAR - Abstract
This paper presents an experimental activity aimed at assessing performance of techniques for inertia and attitude parameters estimation of an uncooperative but known space target. The adopted experimental set-up includes a scaled-down 3D printed satellite mock-up, a spherical air bearing and a low-cost solid-state LIDAR. The experimental facility also comprises a motion capture system to obtain a benchmark of the pose (position and attitude) parameters and an ad-hoc designed passive balancing system to keep the centre of mass as close as possible to the centre of rotation. The LIDAR-based 3D point clouds, collected while the target rotates on the spherical air-bearing to reproduce the rotational dynamics of an almost-free rigid body, are processed to obtain pose and angular velocity estimate. Those data are used to determine the inertia properties of the target by solving a linear system based on the integral form of Euler equations. Performance and robustness of the algorithm for attitude and inertia properties estimation are assessed considering both the inertia benchmark provided by a high-fidelity CAD model of the target and the pose solution obtained from the motion tracking system and its extrinsic calibration with respect to the LIDAR.
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- 2023
26. A multi-sensor optical relative navigation system for small satellite servicing
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Giuseppe Napolano, Claudio Vela, Alessia Nocerino, Roberto Opromolla, Michele Grassi, Napolano, Giuseppe, Vela, Claudio, Nocerino, Alessia, Opromolla, Roberto, and Grassi, Michele
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On-orbit servicing, Close-proximity operations, CubeSat, Spacecraft relative navigation, Sensor fusion, Visual-based pose estimation, Laser range finder ,Aerospace Engineering - Abstract
This paper presents an innovative multi-sensor relative navigation module conceived to enable close-proximity operations for on-orbit servicing of small satellites. The module is composed of a Near-Infrared Laser Range Finder, acting both as range measurer and illuminator, and a monocular camera able to detect a set of reflecting fiducial markers installed on the target for pose estimation. Sensor fusion is performed in several points of the proposed processing pipeline, first following a cross-cueing logic in which the range aids the pose determination process, and later through the integration of both measurements into a Multiplicative Extended Kalman Filter for relative state estimation. The entire relative navigation architecture is first tested by numerically reproducing a close-range rendezvous trajectory of a chaser spacecraft moving toward the target, and using the open-source software Blender for synthetic image generation. Simulations are aimed at determining nominal relative state estimation accuracy (also considering variable sensors' acquisition rates) as well as performance under non-nominal conditions (e.g., due to a temporary loss of measurements). Focusing on the image processing and pose estimation pipeline, an in-depth analysis of the computational efficiency is then carried out by running the proposed algorithms on an embedded processing unit (i.e., the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B) using both synthetic data and real images collected within a dedicated experimental testbed. Numerical and experimental results demonstrate capability to attain pose and relative state estimates in line with accuracy requirements to ensure autonomous and safe close-proximity operations, e.g., up to sub-cm and sub-degree error levels in relative position and attitude respectively. In addition, the algorithm's computational runtime has shown to be compatible with real-time implementation at an acquisition frequency of 2 Hz.
- Published
- 2023
27. The influence of spectators on home advantage and referee bias in national teams matches: insights from UEFA Nations League
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Fabrizio Sors, Michele Grassi, Tiziano Agostini, and Mauro Murgia
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Social Psychology ,Applied Psychology - Published
- 2022
28. Psychological well-being in childhood: The role of trait emotional intelligence, regulatory emotional self-efficacy, coping and general intelligence
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Maria Chiara Passolunghi, Barbara Penolazzi, Michele Grassi, Marina Pauletto, Pauletto, M., Grassi, M., Passolunghi, M. C., and Penolazzi, B.
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general intelligence ,Male ,Coping (psychology) ,Adolescent ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Emotions ,emotional intelligence ,Promotion (rank) ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Adaptation, Psychological ,Humans ,Surveys and Questionnaire ,Adaptation ,emotional self-efficacy ,Child ,Emotional Intelligence ,media_common ,Childhood ,coping ,psychological well-being ,Self Efficacy ,Emotion ,Self-efficacy ,Emotional intelligence ,General Medicine ,Mental health ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Psychological well-being ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Trait ,Psychological ,Psychology ,Human ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Given the increase of mental health problems in youth, focusing on the promotion of psychological well-being is essential. Among the variables recognized as linked to children’s psychological well-being, trait emotional intelligence, emotional self-efficacy and coping seem to be crucial, whereas the role played by intelligence is still controversial. In the present study, we explored the combined effects of these variables, aimed at disentangling their unique contribution to psychological well-being of 74 children (41 males, mean age: 9.03 years). We administered verbal and reasoning tests as intelligence measures and self-report questionnaires to assess trait emotional intelligence, regulatory emotional self-efficacy, coping styles, psychological well-being. Correlations revealed two independent clusters of variables: a first cluster including intelligence indexes and a second cluster including psychological well-being, trait emotional intelligence, regulatory emotional self-efficacy and adaptive coping styles. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that only trait emotional intelligence and positive restructuring coping style significantly contributed to psychological well-being. This study highlights that, unlike general intelligence, trait emotional intelligence was associated to psychological well-being, whereas coping styles play a negligible role in explaining this relationship. These findings are valuable in identifying the most relevant factors for children’s adjustment and in enhancing emotion-related aspects in interventions for psychological well-being promotion.
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- 2021
29. Body Uneasiness, Body Figure Perception, and Body Weight: Factor Structure and Longitudinal Measurement Invariance of a Set of Attitudinal and Perceptual Body Image Assessment Tools in Adolescents
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Elide Francesca De Caro, Michele Grassi, and Lisa Di Blas
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Clinical Psychology ,Applied Psychology - Abstract
Body image is a multifaceted construct that includes attitudinal and perceptual components, but its attention has mainly been focused on the facet of body dissatisfaction. The present longitudinal study extended the validation of a multifacet attitudinal questionnaire, the Body Uneasiness Test (BUT), against perceptions of body shape and weight. A convenient sample of adolescents took part in a 2-year unbalanced panel study (5 waves). The participants completed the BUT questionnaire and selected their perceived actual, ideal, and reflected body figures along the Contour Drawing Rating Scale; ideal/actual and ideal/normative body mass index discrepancies were also included. After replicating the expected five-factor structure of the BUT items, results from confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the five BUT scales loaded on an attitudinal dimension, whereas the perceived body figures and the discrepancy indices were on a perceptive domain. Such a two-domain structure of body image measures showed gender and seasonal (1-year) measurement invariance, whereas longitudinal 6-month and 18-month invariance partially failed. Overall, the present findings support the validity of the Body Uneasiness Test in adolescence, further demonstrating a preliminary multidimensional structure of body image onto which attitudinal and perceptual body image-related measures were projected.
- Published
- 2023
30. Design of an end-to-end demonstration mission of a Formation-Flying Synthetic Aperture Radar (FF-SAR) based on microsatellites
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Giancarmine Fasano, Michele Grassi, Maria Daniela Graziano, Alfredo Renga, Antonio Moccia, Marco Grasso, Grasso, M., Renga, A., Fasano, G., Graziano, M. D., Grassi, M., and Moccia, A.
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Synthetic aperture radar ,Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Computer science ,Real-time computing ,Aerospace Engineering ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Distributed system design ,End-to-end principle ,law ,0103 physical sciences ,Multistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar ,Radar ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Spacecraft ,Payload ,business.industry ,Satellite formation flying ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Geophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Trajectory ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Systems design ,Satellite ,business - Abstract
The paper focuses on space system design aspects related to an end-to-end demonstration mission, aiming at showing the feasibility of a Formation Flying Synthetic Aperture Radar (FF-SAR) with microsatellite class platforms (~100 kg). Trajectory design approaches that can fulfil payload requirements are addressed to enable selected FF-SAR applications. The exploitation of these applications relies on suitable combinations of FF-SAR techniques like Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) enhancement, High-Resolution Wide Swath (HRWS) SAR imaging, and Coherence Resolution Enhancement (CRE). In this framework, a cluster of 3 micro-satellites, working in X-band, flying in a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) close-formation, has been designed as a candidate end-to-end system demonstration mission. One satellite embarks a Transmitting-Receiving (Tx/Rx) radar, i.e. it is a monostatic SAR. The other two satellites are Receiving-only platforms. Critical design aspects related to spacecraft subsystems and formation-flying analysis are addressed to confirm the technical feasibility of the spaceborne distributed system implementing the FF-SAR principle.
- Published
- 2021
31. LIDAR-based multi-step approach for relative state and inertia parameters determination of an uncooperative target
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Alessia Nocerino, Roberto Opromolla, Giancarmine Fasano, Michele Grassi, Nocerino, Alessia, Opromolla, Roberto, Fasano, Giancarmine, and Grassi, Michele
- Subjects
020301 aerospace & aeronautics ,Angular momentum ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Aerospace Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Kalman filter ,Moment of inertia ,Inertia ,01 natural sciences ,Lidar ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Control theory ,0103 physical sciences ,Trajectory ,Active debris removal, Uncooperative relative navigation, Inertia parameters estimation, Pose estimation, LIDAR ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Pose ,Smoothing ,media_common - Abstract
Future Active Debris Removal missions will require an autonomous spacecraft (chaser) to safely monitor at close distance, and then approach and dispose an inactive artificial space object (target). Since these targets are uncooperative, meaning that they cannot provide any hint or help to the chaser navigation system, such operations require the target-chaser relative state and the target inertia parameters to be accurately estimated relying only on measurements from active or passive Electro-Optical sensors. In this framework, this paper proposes an original multi-step architecture for the estimation of the relative motion and inertia parameters of an uncooperative target during a close-range monitoring trajectory. In the first phase, LIDAR-based pose measurements and a smoothing approach are used to retrieve accurate, linearly independent estimates of the target angular velocity. These estimates are then used to compute the target's moments of inertia ratios solving a linear system based on the conservation equation for the angular momentum. Once the inertia parameters are accurately estimated, the LIDAR-based pose measurements are used to feed an Unscented Kalman Filter to determine the full relative state according to a loosely coupled configuration. The architecture foresees autonomous failure detection strategies to avoid divergence in the relative state estimation error caused by unavoidable, unfavorable target observation conditions occurring during the monitoring trajectory. Performance assessment is carried out through numerical simulations realistically reproducing close-range relative motion dynamics and LIDAR sensor operation, and considering targets characterized by highly variable size, shape, and orbital dynamics as test cases.
- Published
- 2021
32. Fostering emotional intelligence in preadolescence: Effects of a pilot training on emotions, coping and psychological well-being
- Author
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Marina Pauletto, Michele Grassi, Sandra Pellizzoni, Barbara Penolazzi, Pauletto, Marina, Grassi, Michele, Pellizzoni, Sandra, and Penolazzi, Barbara
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Emotional Intelligence ,coping ,preadolescence ,psychological well-being ,school-based interventions ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,General Medicine - Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the efficacy of a short training programme (eight 1-hour sessions) aimed to promote Emotional Intelligence (EI) abilities in primary school on a set of outcomes related to affect, coping and psychological well-being. Sixty-eight preadolescents (10.68±.58 years) were randomly assigned to either the experimental condition (EI training) or the active control condition (pro-environmental training). ANOVAs and Bayesian analyses were performed on pre/post-training measures of ability and trait EI, positive/negative affect, regulatory emotional self-efficacy, coping styles, and psychological well-being. Results showed that only in the EI training condition emotional abilities significantly improved, whereas negative affect and the preference for distraction coping significantly diminished. Although the effects of the present EI training did not extend to the other measures, the findings suggest its effectiveness in improving preadolescents’ EI basic skills and some important adjustment variables. This study confirms the efficacy of short school-based programmes in enhancing EI abilities and highlights the importance of further investigating the training features required to extend its benefits also to psychological well-being. Implications for research and educational practices are discussed.
- Published
- 2022
33. Individual differences in habituation: Innate covariation between habituation, exploration, and body size in naïve chicks (Gallus gallus)
- Author
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Andrea Dissegna, Michele Grassi, Cinzia Chiandetti, Dissegna, Andrea, Grassi, Michele, and Chiandetti, Cinzia
- Subjects
Body condition ,Shy-bold continuum ,Risk-assessment ,Individuality ,General Medicine ,Behavioural plasticity ,Learning ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Exploratory Behavior ,Animals ,Body Size ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Habituation, Psychophysiologic ,Chickens - Abstract
Habituation to novel stimuli has been associated with behavioural differences among individuals in numerous animal species. Because the habituation mechanisms depend on previous experiences with a stimulus, one would expect individuals to develop their habituation capacity based on the life experiences that also shape their behavioural traits. And indeed, in adult lizards, exploratory behaviour and body size correlates with habituation. However, here we show that the same factors correlate with habituation of domestic chicks reared under controlled laboratory conditions and tested in the first 3 days after hatching. This result indicates that the covariation between habituation, exploration, and body size does not necessarily depend on experience. Rather, it represents an innate association between exploratory behaviour and risk assessment, which may provide an immediate survival advantage to new-borns of this precocial avian species.
- Published
- 2022
34. Improvement of verbal behavior after pharmacological treatment of developmental stuttering: a case study.
- Author
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Pierpaolo Busan, Giovanna Pelamatti, Alessandro Tavano, Michele Grassi, and Franco Fabbro
- Published
- 2005
35. Evaluation of local vs. systemic biodistribution of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles for the treatment of pulmonary diseases
- Author
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Tolomeo, ANNA MARIA, Zuccolotto, Gaia, DE LAZZARI, Giada, Penna, Alessandro, Ricardo, Malvicini, Franco, Chiara, Michele, Grassi, Marcin, Jurga, Rosato, Antonio, Maurizio, Muraca, and Federica, Collino
- Published
- 2022
36. Polifemo Device Business Plan
- Author
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PERNECHELE, Claudio, Cesare Dionisio, PASTORE, Serena, Michele Grassi, SIMIONI, EMANUELE, and RE, Cristina
- Abstract
Spacecrafts continuously need for low cost and weight sensor easy to integrate in a plug-in approach and capable to improve platforms versatility while reducing integration time and complexity. This is particularly true for the new generation of small and micro satellites to be launched in constellation and formation. Controlling small satellites cooperation and protecting the space assets from debris are two important issues of current and future missions. The cost reduction and safety of space missions is a key issue for further expand European leadership in the Earth Observation and Communication sectors. The POLIFEMO (Panoramic Multifunctional Sensor for Small/Micro Satellite) is a unique solution for an integrated sensor capable to replace by one single unit the functions of Sun sensor, Earth sensor and Star tracker and, additionally, providing external situational awareness. POLIFEMO is based on an innovative lens with a very wide angle (with a hyper-hemispheric field of view) able to look at a field of view of 360 in azimuth (panoramic omnidirectional lens) and 270 in elevation (hyper-hemispheric capabilities), designed and patented by the Italian National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF). POLIFEMO, with that extremely high field of view and unique imaging detection capability, results in a small, low weight, low cost and reliable (no moving part, potentially failure point) space sensor. It is unique in the market of space sensors and suitable for many spaces and non-space missions (e.g., communication, weather, imaging, surveillance, deep space but also UAV/HAP). Progetti Speciali Italiani s.r.l., a SME active in developing microsatellite and space applications, has set up, during the phase 1 project, a very experienced team of engineering and commercial specialists for carrying on the proposed project. University of Napoli (Parthenope) is expert on developing satellites star trackers solutions. This paper reports a summary extracted from a more detailed BP (Doc: ECSME-PSI-POLIFEMO-BP-2016) which has been prepared within the EU-H2020 contract framework. The full BP is available on request.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. A Relative Navigation Module Based on Visual and Ranging Measurements for CubeSat Applications
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Claudio Vela, Giuseppe Napolano, Alessia Nocerino, Roberto Opromolla, Michele Grassi, Matteo Manzo, Salvatore Amoruso, Guido Di Donfrancesco, IEEE, Vela, Claudio, Napolano, Giuseppe, Nocerino, Alessia, Opromolla, Roberto, Grassi, Michele, Manzo, Matteo, Amoruso, Salvatore, and Di Donfrancesco, Guido
- Subjects
CubeSat, On Orbit Servicing, Close-Proximity Operations, Electro-Optical Sensors, Laser Range Finder, Computer Vision, Pose Estimation - Abstract
This paper describes the design, characterization and preliminary testing of a relative navigation module based on electro-optical sensors and tailored for close-proximity operations with respect to passively cooperative targets of the CubeSat class. The proposed unit relies on a laser range finder with a relatively large beam divergence and a visual camera. The laser range finder operates in the near-infrared band and is exploited to both provide direct range measurements and actively illuminate the scene. The visual sensor and its optics are coherently chosen and allow obtaining full pose (i.e., relative position and attitude) measurements by processing the acquired target’s images. The pose estimation procedure is based on the detection and identification of a set of fiducial markers installed on the target surface and highly reflective in the near-infrared band. Experimental tests are carried out at components level to both characterise the laser range finder and preliminarily assess the performance of the proposed pose determination approach. The results show that the proposed approach is robust to a large number of outliers, produced by highly reflective insulation layers typically covering satellite surfaces. Also, in all the considered test cases pose estimates with pixel-level reprojection errors, corresponding to sub-millimetre accuracy, are obtained.
- Published
- 2022
38. Digital Sun Sensor Multi-Spot Operation.
- Author
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Giancarlo Rufino and Michele Grassi
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
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39. Multi-Aperture CMOS Sun Sensor for Microsatellite Attitude Determination.
- Author
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Giancarlo Rufino and Michele Grassi
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Erratum to 'Aerodynamic control system for a deployable re-entry capsule' [Acta Astronaut. 181, April 2021, 707–716]
- Author
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Alberto Fedele, Salvatore Carannante, Michele Grassi, and Raffaele Savino
- Subjects
Aerospace Engineering - Published
- 2022
41. Fusion of Multi-Antenna Carrier Phase Differential GPS and Inertial Measurements for Performance Evaluation of High Accuracy Integrated Aircraft Navigation Systems.
- Author
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Alfredo Renga, Giancarmine Fasano, Alessandro Simonetti, Domenico Accardo, Michele Grassi, and Roberto Senatore
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. X-Band SAR Antenna Design for a CubeSat Formation-Flying Remote Sensing Mission
- Author
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Alfredo Renga, Gerardo Di Martino, Daniele Riccio, Maria Daniela Graziano, Giuseppe Ruello, Antonio Moccia, Michele Grassi, Antonio Iodice, Alessio Di Simone, Di Martino, G., Di Simone, A., Iodice, A., Riccio, D., Ruello, G., Grassi, M., Graziano, M. D., Moccia, A., and Renga, A.
- Subjects
Synthetic aperture radar ,business.industry ,Computer science ,patch array ,nano-satellite ,X band ,Electrical engineering ,Mode (statistics) ,reflector antennas ,Reflector (antenna) ,formation-flying SAR ,Beamwidth ,antenna feed ,Remote sensing (archaeology) ,bistatic SAR ,CubeSat ,Antenna (radio) ,business - Abstract
This paper presents the design of the receiving antenna of an upcoming formation-flying synthetic aperture radar (FF-SAR) based on the CubeSat standard and on a preexisting spaceborne SAR of opportunity. The receiving antenna operates at X-band and is compliant with the imaging modes of the FF-SAR, namely a stripmap mode for signal-To-noise ratio improvement (IM1) and a High-Resolution Wide-Swath mode for the monitoring of large areas (IM2). A large reflector has been designed to meet the high-gain requirement in IM1, while the wide coverage needed in IM2 is ensured by a reconfigurable patch array feed. Full-wave analysis shows that the designed receiving antenna achieves 37.42 dBi gain in IM1 and 12.1 degree half-power beamwidth in IM2.
- Published
- 2021
43. Feasibility study of aerocapture at Mars with an innovative deployable heat shield
- Author
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Giorgio Isoletta, Jesús Peláez, David de la Torre Sangrà, Michele Grassi, Elena Fantino, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ICARUS - Intelligent Communications and Avionics for Robust Unmanned Aerial Systems, Isoletta, G., Grassi, M., Fantino, E., Sangra, D. L. T., and Pelaez, J.
- Subjects
Shielding (Heat) ,Aerocapture ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Aerospace Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Vehicles espacials ,01 natural sciences ,Space vehicles -- Orbital assembly ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Planetary exploration ,0103 physical sciences ,Heat shield ,Aerospace engineering ,Vol espacial ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP) ,Aerocapture, Mars exploration, Entry Descent and Landing, Trajectory Analysis ,Space flight ,020301 aerospace & aeronautics ,Orbital dynamics ,business.industry ,Payload ,Vol espacial a Mart ,Mars Exploration Program ,Atmospheric drag ,Space and Planetary Science ,Space flight to Mars ,Thermal shielding technology ,Environmental science ,Mars aerocapture ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Aeronàutica i espai [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC] ,Orbit insertion ,business ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Drag (Aerodynamics) ,Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics - Abstract
Performing orbital insertion around Mars using aerocapture instead of a propulsive orbit insertion maneuver allows the saving of resources and/or the increase of the payload mass fraction. Aerocapture has never been employed to date because of the high uncertainties in the parameters from which it depends, mainly related to atmospheric density modeling and navigation errors. The purpose of this work is to investigate the feasibility of aerocapture at Mars with an innovative deployable drag device, whose aperture can be modulated in flight, and to assess the effects of the main uncertainties on the success of the maneuver. This paper starts with the presentation of a parametric bidimensional analysis of the effectiveness of aerocapture, for which a wide range of uncertainty levels in the atmospheric density and the ballistic coefficient are considered. Then, an application to a real mission scenario is carried out, including the error of the targeting maneuver performed at the limit of the sphere of influence of the planet. The analyses show the strong influence of the uncertainties in the atmospheric density and the ballistic coefficient, which significantly narrow the solution space and limit its continuity. However, viable solutions for aerocapture can still be identified, even in the worst conditions. This work has been supported by Khalifa University of Science and Technology’s internal grants FSU-2018-07 and CIRA-2018-85. J. Peláez and E. Fantino acknowledge also the support provided by the project entitled “Dynamical Analysis of Complex Interplanetary Missions,” with reference ESP2017-87271-P sponsored by Spanish Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) of Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO) and by European Fund of Regional Development (FEDER). The work was also supported by the internal grants of the Department of Engineering of the University of Naples.
- Published
- 2021
44. LIDAR pointing and parameters control for close proximity operations with uncooperative target
- Author
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Alessia Nocerino, Roberto Opromolla, Giancarmine Fasano, Michele Grassi, Nocerino, Alessia, Opromolla, Roberto, Fasano, Giancarmine, and Grassi, Michele
- Subjects
close proximity operations, scanning LIDAR, adaptive FOV, active debris removal, on orbit servicing ,Spacecraft ,Computer simulation ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Estimation theory ,Frame (networking) ,Navigation system ,Field of view ,Attitude control ,Lidar ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,business - Abstract
This paper presents a strategy to adaptively select the field of view and the resolution of a scanning LIDAR in the frame of close-proximity operations with non-cooperative space targets. Specifically, the idea is to relate the selection of these operational parameters to the estimated target-chaser relative distance as well as to the size occupied by the target in the sensor field of view, with the goal to improve the performance of the relative navigation system. The proposed method is supported by a chaser attitude control strategy which allows keeping the sensor boresight axis always pointed towards the center of mass of the target. The performance achieved by the adoption of this strategy is evaluated by simulating two types of close-range trajectories in a numerical simulation environment which reproduces both the operation of a scanning LIDAR and the relative motion between two spacecraft.
- Published
- 2021
45. Safe trajectory design and pose estimation for target monitoring in GEO
- Author
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Roberto Opromolla, Giancarmine Fasano, Michele Grassi, Giancarlo Rufino, Francesco Flaviano Russo, Opromolla, Roberto, Russo, Francesco, Fasano, Giancarmine, Rufino, Giancarlo, and Grassi, Michele
- Subjects
020301 aerospace & aeronautics ,Spacecraft ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Real-time computing ,Point cloud ,Rendezvous ,Aerospace Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Collision ,01 natural sciences ,Active debris removal, On-orbit servicing, Relative motion design, Close-proximity maneuvers, Target monitoring, Uncooperative pose estimation, LIDAR ,0203 mechanical engineering ,0103 physical sciences ,Geostationary orbit ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Orbital maneuver ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,business ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Pose ,Geocentric orbit - Abstract
This paper lies in the framework of mission scenarios, such as Active Debris Removal and On-Orbit Servicing, which require an active spacecraft (chaser) to orbit in close-proximity with respect to a space target. Specifically, these activities involve relative orbital maneuvers, such as monitoring, rendezvous and docking, in which the target-chaser distance ranges from a few tens of meters (depending on the target size) up to contact (in the case of docking). A critical challenge related to the realization of these maneuvers is the need to minimize the risk of collision, considering that the target is a non-cooperative object which may be characterized by uncontrolled rotational dynamics. This goal can be achieved by designing relative trajectories which satisfy specific constraints in terms of safety and stability, on one side, as well as by exploiting relative navigation technologies and algorithms which provide highly accurate estimates of the target-chaser relative motion parameters thus allowing to relax the control requirements. Both these aspects are addressed by this paper with focus on Geostationary Earth Orbits since they represent a particularly crowded orbital region in which the possibility to remove large debris and to extend the operative life of spacecraft, such as telecommunication ones, may have a significant scientific and economic benefit. Hence, an original method is presented to design safety ellipses for target monitoring around GEO targets, which, simultaneously, can provide optimal relative observation geometry for relative navigation (pose determination) using Electro-Optical sensors. The design approach is formulated in mean orbit parameters and it is based on a relative motion model relevant to two-satellite formations which includes the non-Keplerian perturbations due to secular Earth oblateness, as well as the possibility of considering targets moving along a small-eccentricity orbit. An example of trajectory design is shown considering a GEO target as test case. Given this trajectory, pose determination performance is also evaluated within a numerical simulation environment capable of realistically reproducing target-chaser relative dynamics, the operation of a scanning LIDAR selected on board the chaser as relative navigation sensor, and pose estimation algorithms based on the processing of 3D point clouds.
- Published
- 2019
46. Autonomous relative navigation around uncooperative spacecraft based on a single camera
- Author
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Michele Grassi, Roberto Opromolla, S. Sarno, Vincenzo Pesce, Michèle Lavagna, Pesce, Vincenzo, Opromolla, Roberto, Sarno, Salvatore, Lavagna, Michèle, and Grassi, Michele
- Subjects
Scheme (programming language) ,0209 industrial biotechnology ,Observational error ,Spacecraft ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Real-time computing ,Aerospace Engineering ,Image processing ,02 engineering and technology ,Collision ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas ,relative navigation, uncooperative spacecraft, on orbit servicing, debris removal, pose determination ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Robustness (computer science) ,0103 physical sciences ,Satellite ,State (computer science) ,business ,computer ,computer.programming_language - Abstract
The interest of the space community toward missions like On-Orbit Servicing of functional satellite to extend their operative life, or Active Debris Removal to reduce the risk of collision among artificial objects in the most crowded orbital belts, is significantly increasing for both economical and safety aspects. These activities present significant technical challenges and, thus, can be enabled only by increasing the level of autonomy and robustness of space systems in terms of guidance, navigation and control functionalities. Clearly this goal requires the design and development of ad-hoc technologies and algorithms. In this framework, this paper presents an original architecture for relative navigation based on a single passive camera able to fully reconstruct the relative state between a chaser spacecraft and a non-cooperative, known target. The proposed architecture is loosely coupled, meaning that pose determination and full relative state estimation are entrusted to separate, but rigidly interconnected processing blocks. Innovative aspects are relevant to both the pose determination algorithms and the filtering scheme. Preliminary performance assessment is carried out by means of numerical simulations considering multiple realistic target/chaser relative dynamics and target geometries. Results allow demonstrating robustness against measurement error sources caused possibly by image processing as well as fast rotational dynamics.
- Published
- 2019
47. Robust filter setting in GPS-based relative positioning of small-satellite LEO formations
- Author
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Michele Grassi, Flavia Causa, Alfredo Renga, Causa, F., Renga, A., and Grassi, M.
- Subjects
020301 aerospace & aeronautics ,Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Formation flying, Long baseline, GPS navigation, Tuning, Double differences ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Filter tuning ,Real-time computing ,Aerospace Engineering ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Observable ,02 engineering and technology ,Filter (signal processing) ,01 natural sciences ,Randomized algorithm ,Geophysics ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Space and Planetary Science ,Robustness (computer science) ,Global Positioning System ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Satellite ,business ,Robust filter ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Formations of small satellites are becoming more and more important to many space applications, since they offer the possibility of distributing the payload functionality among the different elements of the formation, so to improve scientific return, providing at the same time a number of advantages in terms of overall system reliability, flexibility and modularity. However, precise autonomous determination of the relative positions of the formation members is required for formation acquisition and maintenance, and scientific objective achievement. For Low-Earth-Orbit formations, this task can be performed exploiting GPS-based relative positioning techniques. The technique exploited in this paper is designed for on board usage. It processes double differenced pseudo-range and carrier phase observables on two frequencies within a hybrid filtering scheme to get satisfactory precision and high robustness. However, relative positioning by GPS is affected by the capability of correctly estimating differential ionospheric delays, and, then, by the status of ionosphere activity. Hence, the filter includes an ionospheric model capable of reproducing ionosphere horizontal gradients with a minimum number of parameters, which can be estimated on the fly. In addition, a robust tuning approach is developed in the paper to get stable filter performance over long period of times. Specifically, the proposed approach combines an empirical tuning technique with a randomized algorithm to get the best filter tuning. Filter performance and tuning approach effectiveness are successfully verified using freely available GPS flight data of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment mission.
- Published
- 2018
48. Aerodynamic Control System for a Deployable Re-entry Capsule
- Author
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Salvatore Carannante, Michele Grassi, Alberto Fedele, Raffaele Savino, Fedele, A., Carannante, S., Grassi, M., and Savino, R.
- Subjects
020301 aerospace & aeronautics ,LQR controller ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Aerospace Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Aerodynamics ,01 natural sciences ,Flap ,Aerobraking ,Lift (force) ,Inflatable ,Deployable heat shield ,0203 mechanical engineering ,Control theory ,Control system ,0103 physical sciences ,Heat shield ,Re-entry vehicle ,Aerospace engineering ,business ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Ballistic coefficient - Abstract
Deployable aerobrakes for Earth re-entry capsules may offer many advantages in the near future, including the opportunity to recover on Earth payloads and samples from Space with reduced risks and costs with respect to conventional systems. Such capsules can be accommodated in the selected launcher in folded configuration, optimizing the available volume, and when foreseen by the mission profile the aerobrake can be deployed in order to increase the surface exposed to the hypersonic flow and therefore to reduce the ballistic parameter. The ballistic parameter reduction offers as main advantage the opportunity to perform an atmospheric re-entry with reduced aerothermal and mechanical loads. It makes also possible the use of relatively lightweight and cheap thermal protection materials. There are plenty of algorithms and control methods for classical re-entry capsules, such as the Orion and Soyuz re-entry modules. However, a lot of attention is now paid towards how to control low ballistic coefficient capsules with inflatable and mechanically deployable heat shield. The aim of this study is to prove the feasibility of an aerodynamic control system, applied to a mechanically deployable re-entry capsule, in order to increase landing precision at the targeted site. The deployable heat shield is equipped with an actuation system, consisting of eight aerodynamic surfaces, referred to as flaps. The assumed control strategy is to deflect the flaps independently, in order to trim the capsule and produce enough lift and side force to give downrange and cross range maneuverability during the re-entry phase. A control algorithm was developed, implemented and tested in a 3DOF simulation environment. Capsule performances both for uncontrolled ballistic re-entries and for controlled lift re-entries starting from a low Earth orbit have been assessed, verifying the capability of the controller in guiding the capsule toward the chosen target. Monte Carlo simulations were run assuming errors and uncertainties at the de-orbit burn, and the control system has been proved to obtain good results in reducing dispersions at the landing site.
- Published
- 2021
49. Psychometric Properties of the Syrian Arabic Version of the Impact of Event Scale–Revised in the Context of the Syrian Refugee Crisis
- Author
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Mauro Murgia, Gian Matteo Apuzzo, Sandra Pellizzoni, Tiziano Agostini, Marta Vuch, Michele Grassi, Grassi, M., Pellizzoni, S., Vuch, M., Apuzzo, G. M., Agostini, T., and Murgia, M.
- Subjects
Male ,IES-R ,050103 clinical psychology ,Psychometrics ,Arabic ,Refugee ,Refugee crisis ,Context (language use) ,Confirmatory factor analysis ,Fight-or-flight response ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder ,Syrian refugees ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Measurement invariance ,Language ,Refugees ,Syria ,Humanitarian aid ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,language.human_language ,030227 psychiatry ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,language ,Female ,Psychology ,business ,Event scale ,Syrian refugee ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) is a widely used self-report questionnaire used to assess symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although the IES-R has been translated and validated in multiple languages, no previous version has employed the Arabic dialect commonly spoken in Syria. The present work aimed to assess the psychometric properties of a Syrian Arabic version of the IES-R. Syrian citizens (N = 288) living in refugee camps in Turkey were administered the Syrian Arabic IES-R as part of a humanitarian aid project focused on providing psychological assistance. The data were analyzed with respect to 10 previously published factor solutions. We found that the best-fitting model was a four-factor structure that included factors involving Avoidance-Numbing, Intrusion, Hyperarousal, and Sleep Disturbance. The model showed strong measurement invariance between male and female subsamples, allowing for meaningful comparisons of the factor means. Overall, the present findings support the validity of a new version of the IES-R, which can be used by both researchers and clinicians responding to the urgent need for psychological care for Syrian refugees fleeing war-related violence.
- Published
- 2021
50. Perception of biological motion. No sensitivity differences between patients with Parkinson's disease and healthy observers
- Author
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Michele Grassi, Susanna Mezzarobba, Luigi Murena, Paolo Bernardis, Jessica Galliussi, Mezzarobba, Susanna, Grassi, Michele, Galliussi, Jessica, Murena, Luigi, and Bernardis, Paolo
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Parkinson's disease ,medicine.medical_treatment ,media_common.quotation_subject ,point light walkers ,Disease ,biological motion ,rehabilitation ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Action observation ,Perception ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Gait ,Aged ,media_common ,Rehabilitation ,Parkinson Disease ,Recognition, Psychology ,point light walker ,medicine.disease ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Female ,Psychology ,Biological motion - Abstract
The use of biological motion (BM) stimuli (point-light walkers PLW) may be a novel alternative to improve the clinical impact of Action Observation treatments in Parkinson's Disease, by directing the patient's attentional focus on gait kinematics. However, the recognition of biological motion in Parkinson's patients has thus far been controversial. To evaluate the clinical feasibility of using BM stimuli in Action Observation treatments, we aimed at investigating whether Parkinson's patients in the ON-state condition can identify and use gender-specific cues conveyed by the body structure and by the kinematics of gait of a PLW. 30 Parkinson's patients and 30 healthy elderly observers were tested in a gender identification task with PLW. Parkinson's patients were able to correctly identify the gender of PLW; no differences were found between the two groups of observers. While for both groups, the gender identification task was easier when it required a judgment on a healthy PLW. Lastly, we found that females were more sensitive than males in our identification task. Our study shows that Parkinson's patients in the ON-state condition are able to extract subtle structural and kinematic characteristics from biological motion stimuli, which is favorable to the use of BM in Action Observation treatments.
- Published
- 2021
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