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Background: A comprehensive meta-analysis quantitatively examining the effects of group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on anxiety and depressive symptoms is required to advance our understanding of its efficacy and moderating factors. Methods: Four electronic databases were searched in August 2018. An update search was conducted in November 2021. Forty-eight randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this review (3292 participants: anxiety = 34 RCTs, depression = 40 RCTs). Results: The overall effect size for anxiety symptoms was medium-to-large (g = 0.52, p < 0.001; 95% CI = 0.30–0.73), while the overall effect size was small-to-medium for depressive symptoms (g = 0.47, p < 0.001; 95% CI = 0.31–0.64). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that group ACT was significantly superior to non-active controls (e.g., waiting list) in reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms. Group ACT was only significantly superior to active controls (e.g., CBT) in reducing depressive symptoms. Subgroup analyses also demonstrated that the effect size can vary depending on the number of sessions provided and the primary condition of participants recruited. Limitations: The number of studies included in each category of subgroup analyses was small and the risk of bias varied across studies. There was high heterogeneity among the included studies, and this might have affected the results. Conclusion: The current evidence suggests that group ACT may be effective in treating anxiety and depressive symptoms, perhaps more so for depressive symptoms when compared to other well-established treatments. The intensity of treatment and the targeted population may need to be considered when delivering group ACT.

The United Kingdom-Brazil Dementia Workshop took place in July 2019 in the city of Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, with an interdisciplinary group of health and care professionals from the United Kingdom and from Brazil to address challenges in diagnosis, public perception and care of dementia. The aim of this article is to present the results identified in relation to challenges in the care of dementia, including recommendations that could potentially guide local and State/Municipal authorities and care services for people with dementia in the future. Four key issues were prioritised to identify challenges and generate possible solutions in Brazil and the United Kingdom: I) limitations of current health systems; II) continuous and long-term support for family carers (pre-diagnosis, mourning); III) support for people with advanced dementia and end-of-life care; IV) support for people with young-onset dementia. In both countries, carers feel left without post-diagnostic support; information on the progression of dementia is lacking and some people do not even have a specific diagnosis; encouraging and providing training for carers best manage some of the symptoms is imperative; preparation for end of life care and support carers after the death of their loved ones remains highly needed; strengthening services and qualification of health professionals, also creating protocols to guide dementia-related services represent a common challenge to overcome. The authors outline recommendations according to the issues identified to assist future formulation of adequate policies and services for people with dementia and carers. RESUMO. O United Kingdom-Brazil Dementia Workshop aconteceu em julho de 2019 na cidade de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, com a presença de grupo interdisciplinar de profissionais de saúde e assistência do Reino Unido e Brasil, para abordar desafios no diagnóstico, percepção pública e cuidado à pessoa com demência. O objetivo do presente artigo foi apresentar os resultados encontrados em relação aos desafios no tratamento da demência, incluindo recomendações que possam potencialmente orientar autoridades locais e estaduais/municipais e serviços de atenção à pessoa com demência. Quatro questões-chave foram priorizadas para identificar desafios e gerar possíveis soluções no Brasil e no Reino Unido: I) limitações atuais dos sistemas de saúde; II) suporte contínuo e de longo prazo para cuidadores familiares (pré-diagnóstico, luto); III) apoio a pessoas com demência avançada e cuidados no fim de vida; IV) apoio a pessoas com demência precoce. Em ambos os países, cuidadores se percebem sem apoio pós-diagnóstico; faltam informações sobre a progressão da demência e algumas pessoas sequer têm diagnóstico específico; encorajar e providenciar treino para cuidadores melhor lidarem com sintomas é imperativo; preparação para cuidados no fim da vida e apoio aos cuidadores após morte de familiares permanecem necessários; fortalecer os serviços e qualificação de profissionais de saúde, além de elaborar protocolos para guiar serviços relacionados à demência, é desafio comum a ser superado. Os autores apresentam recomendações quanto às questões identificadas para auxiliar na futura formulação de políticas públicas e serviços para pessoas com demência e cuidadores.

The Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) model is considered the state-of-the-art of the psychometric tradition about intelligence. However, researchers of the dynamic systems field argue that the interindividual variation applied by psychometrics on intelligence field can produce inferences about the population but not about an individual. The present study investigated the validity of the CHC model at the level of the individual through the intraindividual approach. A dynamic factor analysis was employed in order to identify the factor structure of one individual scores on nine tests of the Higher-Order Cognitive Factor Battery, throughout 90 measurement occasions. Those tests measure, in the population level, three second order abilities and the general factor of the CHC model. Only the general intelligence factor was identified. Ultimately, the CHC model did not present validity to the assessed person. Implications for intelligence theories and measurement are discussed.