Author: "Michel Stievenard" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Tree-ring isotopes from Araucaria araucana as useful proxies for climate reconstructions

Author: Tiphaine Penchenat, Valérie Daux, Ignacio Mundo, Monique Pierre, Michel Stievenard, Ana Srur, Laia Andreu-Hayles, Ricardo Villalba, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales [Mendoza] (CONICET-IANIGLA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo [Mendoza] (UNCUYO), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], and Funding: This work was supported by the project THEMES from theBNP-PARIBAS foundation. T.P. was supported by a ‘Phare’ PhDfellowship from the Commissariat `a l’Energie Atomique, France. RV hasbeen partially supported by the Consejo Nacional de InvestigacionesCientíficas y T ́ecnicas and the Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología eInnovaci ́on, Argentina (PICT 2018-03691). LAH was funded by theNational Science Foundation, USA (AGS-1903687 and AGS-1702789).
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecology, Plant Science, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

2. Spatio‐temporal patterns of tree growth as related to carbon isotope fractionation in European forests under changing climate

Author: Michael Grabner, Tatjana Boettger, Sławomira Pawełczyk, Marika Haupt, V. R. Switsur, Adomas Vitas, Christina E. Reynolds-Henne, Michel Stievenard, Marek Krąpiec, Luigi Todaro, Neil J. Loader, Eloni Sonninen, Gerhard H. Schleser, Martin Weigl, Monique Pierre, Katja Rinne-Garmston, David Frank, Matthias Saurer, Isabel Dorado-Liñán, Malgorzata Szymaszek, Laia Andreu-Hayles, Tatiana A. Shestakova, Gerhard Helle, Markus Leuenberger, M. Filot, Hamid Marah, Emmi Hilasvuori, John S. Waterhouse, Kerstin Treydte, Anna Pazdur, Antonio Saracino, Jordi Voltas, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Jan Esper, Rupert Wimmer, Valérie Daux, Zdzisław Bednarz, Högne Jungner, Octavi Planells, Maarit Kalela‐Brundin, Rūtilė Pukienė, Angelo Rita, Frank Berninger, Emilia Gutiérrez, Elżbieta Szychowska‐Kra̧piec, Shestakova, Ta, Voltas, J, Saurer, M, Berninger, F, Esper, J, Andreu-Hayles, L, Daux, V, Helle, G, Leuenberger, M, Loader, Nj, Masson-Delmotte, V, Saracino, Antonio, Waterhouse, J, Schleser, Gh, Bednarz, Z, Boettger, T, Dorado-Liñán, I, Filot, M, Frank, D, Grabner, M, Haupt, M, Hilasvuori, E, Jungner, H, Kalela-Brundin, M, Krąpiec, M, Marah, H, Pawełczyk, S, Pazdur, A, Pierre, M, Planells, O, Pukienė, R, Reynolds-Henne, Ce, Rinne, Kt, Rita, Angelo, Sonninen, E, Stiévenard, M, Switsur, Vr, Szychowska-Krąpiec, E, Szczepanek, M, Todaro, L, Treydte, K, Vitas, A, Weigl, M, Wimmer, R, Gutiérrez, E, Hickler, T., Rinne‐Garmston , Katja T., The Woods Hole Research Center, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, School of Agrifood and Forestry Science and Engineering (ETSEA), University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center (UdL-Agrotecnio), Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry [Paul Scherrer Institute] (LAC), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Department of Forest Sciences [Helsinki], Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Department of Geography [Mainz], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz (JGU), Tree‐Ring Laboratory, Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam (GFZ), Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], Department of Geography [Swansea], Swansea University, University of Naples Federico II, Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften [Jülich], Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Department of Forest Biodiversity, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Isotope Hydrology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‒ UFZ, Halle, Germany, Centro de Investigacion Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), School of Geography and Development and Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research, University of Arizona, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Laboratory of Chronology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Forestry Museum, Lycksele, Sweden, AGH University of Science and Technology [Krakow, PL] (AGH UST), Laboratoire d'hydrologie isotopique, CNESTEN, Maroc., Chercheur indépendant, Silesian University of Technology, Department of Biological Evolution, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, The State Scientific Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Vilnius, Lithuania, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Soil Ecosystems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), University of Basilicata, Department of Radioisotopes, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland, Environmental Research Centre, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania, Holzforschung Austria, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, IFA-Tulln, University of Barcelona, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Laboratory of Tree-Ring Research [University of Arizona] (LTRR), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), and Università degli studi della Basilicata [Potenza] (UNIBAS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Drought stress, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Fractionation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, Dendroecology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Isotope fractionation, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Evapotranspiration, ddc:550, Ecosystem, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Tree rings, Carbon isotopes, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Tree (data structure), [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, 13. Climate action, Isotopes of carbon, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Environmental science, carbon isotopes, climate change, dendroecology, drought stress, European forests, latitudinal gradients, Pinus, Quercus, stomatal control, tree rings, European forests
Abstract: Aim The aim was to decipher Europe‐wide spatio‐temporal patterns of forest growth dynamics and their associations with carbon isotope fractionation processes inferred from tree rings as modulated by climate warming. Location Europe and North Africa (30‒70° N, 10° W‒35° E). Time period 1901‒2003. Major taxa studied Temperate and Euro‐Siberian trees. Methods We characterize changes in the relationship between tree growth and carbon isotope fractionation over the 20th century using a European network consisting of 20 site chronologies. Using indexed tree‐ring widths (TRWi), we assess shifts in the temporal coherence of radial growth across sites (synchrony) for five forest ecosystems (Atlantic, boreal, cold continental, Mediterranean and temperate). We also examine whether TRWi shows variable coupling with leaf‐level gas exchange, inferred from indexed carbon isotope discrimination of tree‐ring cellulose (Δ13Ci). Results We find spatial autocorrelation for TRWi and Δ13Ci extending over a maximum of 1,000 km among forest stands. However, growth synchrony is not uniform across Europe, but increases along a latitudinal gradient concurrent with decreasing temperature and evapotranspiration. Latitudinal relationships between TRWi and Δ13Ci (changing from negative to positive southwards) point to drought impairing carbon uptake via stomatal regulation for water saving occurring at forests below 60° N in continental Europe. An increase in forest growth synchrony over the 20th century together with increasingly positive relationships between TRWi and Δ13Ci indicate intensifying impacts of drought on tree performance. These effects are noticeable in drought‐prone biomes (Mediterranean, temperate and cold continental). Main conclusions At the turn of this century, convergence in growth synchrony across European forest ecosystems is coupled with coordinated warming‐induced effects of drought on leaf physiology and tree growth spreading northwards. Such a tendency towards exacerbated moisture‐sensitive growth and physiology could override positive effects of enhanced leaf intercellular CO2 concentrations, possibly resulting in Europe‐wide declines of forest carbon gain in the coming decades. Spanish Government, Grant/Award Number: AGL2015‐68274 ‐C3 ‐3‐R; Sixth Framework Programme, Grant/AwardNumber: EVK2‐2001 ‐00237; Seventh Framework Programme, Grant/AwardNumber: COST ‐STSM ‐ECOST ‐STSM ‐FP1304‐140915‐066395 and ERANET‐Mundus program (Grant agreement 20112573)
Published: 2019

3. Le VAL : Histoire du métro de Lille

Author: Jean-Michel Stievenard and Jean-Michel Stievenard
Abstract: Il y a 52 ans, en février 1971, la Communauté urbaine de Lille, aujourd'hui Métropole Européenne de Lille lançait un concours pour l'attribution du chantier du futur transport en commun qui devait relier le campus de la ville nouvelle de Lille-Est au centre-ville historique de Lille. Un demi-siècle plus tard, la simple navette d'étudiants est devenue une composante incontournable de la métropole lilloise, un moyen de transport emprunté chaque jour par plus de 400 000 voyageurs, travailleurs, écoliers, lycéens, étudiants ou simples visiteurs occasionnels. L'histoire racontée dans ce livre est celle de l'invention puis de la réalisation d'un moyen de transport qui n'existait pas : le VAL. (Villeneuve-d'Ascq-Lille à l'origine, Véhicule Automatique Leger par la suite). Cette Histoire du métro de Lille est aussi celle de la construction d'une métropole. En avril 2023, le métro lillois célèbre le 40e anniversaire de sa mise en service. À PROPOS DE L'AUTEURDocteur en sociologie et maître de conférences à Sciences Po Lille, Jean-Michel Stievenard est une figure politique de la métropole Lilloise. Ancien maire de Villeneuve-d'Ascq (2001-2008), il a été Conseiller général du Nord (1989-2001) et vice-président de la Communauté urbaine de Lille (1989-2008). Après avoir été consultant en gestion de projets, il est garant de concertation de nombreux projets d'aménagement notamment industriels au nom de la Commission Nationale du Débat Public (la CNDP). Il est l'auteur de plusieurs ouvrages, dont un consacré à l'histoire du Musée d'art moderne de Villeneuve-d'Ascq, établissement qu'il a présidé pendant 25 ans.
Published: 2023

4. Comparisons of the Performance of δ13C and δ18O ofFagus sylvatica,Pinus sylvestris, andQuercus petraeain the Record of Past Climate Variations

Author: Alice Michelot-Antalik, Valérie Daux, Michel Stievenard, Aliénor Lavergne, Monique Pierre, Claire Damesin, and Nathalie Bréda
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Stomatal conductance, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Fagus sylvatica, Paleoclimatology, Temperate climate, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Ecology, δ13C, biology, Phenology, Paleontology, Forestry, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Quercus petraea, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Climate reconstructions in temperate Europe have been widely based on oak species. However, other co‐occurring species, largely distributed in Europe, may be used for recording climate variability. In this paper, we documented the inter‐trees and inter‐species variations over 1960‐2007 of oxygen and carbon isotopic compositions in ring cellulose of F. sylvatica, P. sylvestris and Q. petraea co‐occurring in the Fontainebleau forest (France). Our results indicated that large levels of series replication (11 trees on average) were required to generate isotopic mean series representative of the populations. We calculated mean isotopic ratios in pine higher than in the deciduous species, and hypothesized that these contrasts resulted from differences in stomatal conductance, phenology and canopy structure, and, for oxygen, also in water uptake depth and isotopic exchange rate. We found that δ18O and δ13C chronologies were significantly correlated to one another in the three species and responded primarily to air moisture and Tmax, which indicated that stomatal conductance was an important driver of changes in both types of records. We determined that the correlations were strong with the May to July climate variables in F. sylvatica, and with the July and August ones in Q. petraea and P. sylvestris. We showed that the oxygen records were systematically more coherent than those of carbon. This study demonstrated that δ18O, and to a lesser extent δ13C, from the three different species are reliable proxies for reconstructing past hydroclimatic variations in Europe.
Published: 2018

5. Tree-rings and the climate of New Caledonia (SW Pacific): Preliminary results from Araucariacae

Author: Vincent, Lieubeau, Pierre, Genthon, Michel, Stievenard, Robert, Nasi, and Masson-Delmotte, Valérie
Published: 2007
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6. French summer droughts since 1326 CE: a reconstruction based on tree ring cellulose δ18O

Author: Valérie Daux, Monique Pierre, Olivier Girardclos, Michel Stievenard, Inga Labuhn, and Valérie Masson-Delmotte
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, Stratigraphy, Paleontology, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, medicine.disease, 01 natural sciences, Proxy (climate), 13. Climate action, Climatology, Evapotranspiration, Dendrochronology, medicine, Spatial ecology, Environmental science, Climate sensitivity, Harvest, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The reconstruction of droughts is essential for the understanding of past drought dynamics and can help evaluate future drought scenarios in a changing climate. This article presents a reconstruction of summer droughts in France based on annually resolved, absolutely dated chronologies of oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) in tree ring cellulose from Quercus spp. Samples were taken from living trees and timber wood from historic buildings at two sites: Fontainebleau (48°23′ N, 2°40′ E; 1326–2000 CE) and Angoulême (45°44′ N, 0°18′ E; 1360–2004 CE). Cellulose δ18O from these sites proved to be a good proxy of summer climate, as the trees were sensitive to temperature and moisture availability. However, offsets in average δ18O values between tree cohorts necessitated a correction before joining them to the final chronologies. Using the corrected δ18O chronologies, we developed models based on linear regression to reconstruct drought, expressed by the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The significant correlations between the SPEI and cellulose δ18O (r ≈ −0.70), as well as the verification of the models by independent data support the validity of these reconstructions. At both sites, recent decades are characterized by increasing drought. Fontainebleau displays dominantly wetter conditions during earlier centuries, whereas the current drought intensity is not unprecedented in the Angoulême record. While the δ18O chronologies at the two studied sites are highly correlated during the 19th and 20th centuries, there is a significant decrease in the correlation coefficient between 1600 and 1800 CE, which indicates either a weaker climate sensitivity of the tree ring proxies during this period, or a more heterogeneous climate in the north and the south of France. Future studies of tree ring isotope networks might reveal if the seasonality and spatial patterns of past droughts can explain this decoupling. A regional drought reconstruction based on a combination of the two sites shows good agreement with historical records of grape harvest dates in France, which provide another proxy of summer climate.
Published: 2016

7. Past Summer Temperatures Inferred From Dendrochronological Records of Fitzroya cupressoides on the Eastern Slope of the Northern Patagonian Andes

Author: Valérie Daux, Ana Marina Srur, Aliénor Lavergne, Ricardo Villalba, Monique Pierre, Michel Stievenard, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales [Mendoza] (CONICET-IANIGLA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo [Mendoza] (UNCUYO), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales IANIGLA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas ( CONICET ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, southern South America, 01 natural sciences, Panoply, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], FORESTS, CHILE, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Ecology, SOUTHERN ANNULAR MODE, Forestry, Geology, BLACK SPRUCE, El Niño Southern Oscillation, carbon isotopes, Physical Sciences, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, WATER-USE EFFICIENCY, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, FITZROYA CUPRESSOIDES, TREE GROWTH-PATTERNS, Soil Science, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Aquatic Science, CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION, 010603 evolutionary biology, summer temperature reconstruction, BASAL AREA INCREMENT, basal area increment, STABLE-ISOTOPES, Dendrochronology, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ATMOSPHERIC CO2, SUMMER TEMPERATURE RECONSTRUCTION, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, Paleontology, Fitzroya cupressoides, CARBON ISOTOPES, 13. Climate action, SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA, Physical geography, Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Estimating summer temperature fluctuations over long timescales in southern South America is essential for better understanding the past climate variations in the Southern Hemisphere. Here we developed robust 212 year long basal area increment (BAI) and δ13C chronologies from living temperature-sensitive Fitzroya cupressoides on the eastern slope of the northern Patagonian Andes (41°S). After removing the increasing trend from the growth records likely due to the CO2 fertilization effect, we tested the potential to reconstruct past summer temperature variations using BAI and δ13C as predictors. The reconstruction based on δ13C records has the strongest predictive skills and explains as much as 62% of the total variance in instrumental summer temperature (n = 81, p
Published: 2018

8. L'art moderne à Villeneuve d'Ascq : Histoire d'un musée et d'une collection

Author: Jean-Michel Stievenard and Jean-Michel Stievenard
Subjects: Modern art, Museum collection, Lille me´tropole muse´e d'art moderne, d'art conte
Abstract: 25 septembre 2010, le musée d'art moderne de Villeneuve d'Ascq ouvre à nouveau ses portes après quatre années de travaux. Rénové, agrandi, rebaptisé, le LAM s'appuie sur une histoire commencée cent ans plus tôt dans l'appartement d'un collectionneur parisien. Roger Dutilleul s'intéresse aux travaux d'artistes alors inconnus : Picasso, Modigliani, Braque, Lanskoy, Van Dongen… En quelques décennies, il réunit une collection exceptionnelle et la transmet à son neveu, Jean Masurel, homme du Nord qui la complète et l'enrichit à son tour. Cette collection, véritable panorama de la création artistique du début du XXe siècle, va donner naissance à un musée construit pour elle à Villeneuve d'Ascq.EXTRAITC'est l'homme sans lequel rien n'aurait existé. En 1904, Roger Dutilleul, né en 1873, est âgé de 31 ans. Il a commencé à acheter des peintures, des dessins et des illustrations de livres réalisés par un ami d'enfance, Bernard Naudin, fils d'un luthier, originaire comme lui de Châteauroux. Il est très admiratif de son travail.Sa première acquisition d'importance est une œuvre fauve de Braque qu'il achète à la galerie Berthe Weil, rue Victor Massé, dans le IXe arrondissement. De 1905 à 1908, il acquiert, dans la lignée, des tableaux de Vlaminck et de Van Dongen qui ont fait scandale en 1905. En 1908, Daniel Kahnweiler vient d'ouvrir une galerie rue Vignon, dans le VIIIe arrondissement, Roger Dutilleul repère une toile de Georges Braque. L'artiste a peint une série de paysages pendant son séjour à l'Estaque, dans les paysages mêmes de Cézanne. Il a intitulé le tableau Maisons et arbre. La mention « refusée au Salon d'automne » est portée au verso de la toile. Le critique d'art Louis Vauxelles, qui écrit pour le journal Gil Blas, découvrant cette toile et quelques autres, s'indigne et crée la consternation : « Il méprise la forme, réduit tout, sites, figures et maisons à des schémas géométriques, à des cubes. » (14 novembre 1908) Le « cubisme » est né. À PROPOS DE L'AUTEURSociologue, maire honoraire de Villeneuve d'Ascq, ancien vice-président à la Culture de la Communauté urbaine de Lille, Jean-Michel Stievenard a animé pendant 25 ans les travaux du conseil d'administration du musée d'art moderne de Villeneuve d'Ascq. Il a côtoyé les donateurs, Jean et Geneviève Masurel, et les pères fondateurs du musée : Arthur Notebart, Ivan Renar, les conservateurs Pierre Chaigneau et Joëlle Pijaudier. C'est lui qui a engagé le musée dans une transformation majeure en faisant accepter la donation d'Art brut proposée par l'association l'Aracine, ainsi que la mise en chantier d'une extension confiée à l'architecte Manuelle Gautrand. Elu au conseil municipal de Villeneuve d'Ascq dès 1976, premier adjoint en 1977, puis maire en 2001, il s'est retiré de la vie politique et se consacre désormais à l'écriture.
Published: 2017

9. Improvement of isotope-based climate reconstructions in Patagonia through a better understanding of climate influences on isotopic fractionation in tree rings

Author: Ricardo Villalba, Michel Stievenard, Monique Pierre, Ana Marina Srur, Valérie Daux, Aliénor Lavergne, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales [Mendoza] (CONICET-IANIGLA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo [Mendoza] (UNCUYO), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Stomatal conductance, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, Δ18O, FITZROYA CUPRESSOIDES, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias de la Tierra y relacionadas con el Medio Ambiente, TREE-RINGS, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), ISOTOPIC FRACTIONATION, Relative humidity, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Southern Hemisphere, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, δ13C, biology, Stable isotope ratio, NOTHOFAGUS PUMILIO, Humidity, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, undefined13C, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Meteorología y Ciencias Atmosféricas, Nothofagus pumilio, Geology, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Very few studies of stable isotopes exist across the Andes in South America. This study is the first presenting annually resolved chronologies of both δ18O and δ13C in Nothofagus pumilio and Fitzroya cupressoides trees from Northern Patagonia. Interannual variability in δ18O and δ13C was assessed over the period 1952–2011. Based on these chronologies, we determined the primary climatic controls on stable isotopes and tree physiological responses to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations (ca), temperature and humidity. Changes in specific intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) were inferred from variations in δ13C whereas the effects of CO2 increase on stomatal conductance were explored using δ18O. Over the 60-year period, iWUE increased significantly (by ca. 25%) in coincidence with the rise of ca. The two species appear to have different strategies of gas-exchange. Whereas iWUE variations were likely driven by both stomatal conductance and photosynthetic assimilation rates in F. cupressoides, they were largely related to stomatal conductance in N. pumilio. After removing the low-frequency trends related to increasing ca, significant relationships between δ13C and summer temperatures were recorded for both species. However, δ13C variations in F. cupressoides were more strongly influenced by summer temperatures than in N. pumilio. Our results advocate for an indirect effect of summer temperatures on stable isotope ratios, which is mostly influenced by sunlight radiation in F. cupressoides and relative humidity/soil moisture in N. pumilio. δ13C variations in F. cupressoides were spatially correlated to a large area south of 35°S in southern South America. These promising results encourage the use of δ13C variations in F. cupressoides for reconstructing past variations in temperature and large-scale circulation indexes such as the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in the Southern Hemisphere. Fil: Lavergne, Aliénor. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina. Aix-Marseille Université; Francia Fil: Daux, Valérie. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Villalba, Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina Fil: Pierre, Monique. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Stievenard, Michel. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Francia Fil: Srur, Ana Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Provincia de Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentina
Published: 2017

10. Are the oxygen isotopic compositions of Fitzroya cupressoides and Nothofagus pumilio cellulose promising proxies for climate reconstructions in northern Patagonia ?

Author: Ana Marina Srur, Françoise Vimeux, Monique Pierre, Ricardo Villalba, Aliénor Lavergne, Michel Stievenard, Valérie Daux, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales [Mendoza] (CONICET-IANIGLA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo [Mendoza] (UNCUYO), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, Soil Science, Climate change, Empirical orthogonal functions, Aquatic Science, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Paleoclimatology, Dendrochronology, O-18, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, north Patagonia, Ecology, biology, Nothofagus pumilio, Paleontology, Forestry, Fitzroya cupressoides, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, cellulose, climate change, Climatology, Physical geography, America south, Geology, Chronology
Abstract: International audience; Tree ring δ18O chronologies from two native species (Fitzroya cupressoides and Nothofagus pumilio) in northern Patagonia were developed to assess their potential for paleoclimate reconstructions. The five annually resolved cellulose δ18O chronologies (two for F. cupressoides and three for N. pumilio) are located on the Andes along the steep west-to-east precipitation gradient. Over the common 60 years long interval, the five site-δ18Ocell chronologies exhibit a strong common signal as indicated by the significant mean intercorrelation (r = 0.61, p \textless 0.05) and the high percentage (65%) of total variance explained by the first empirical orthogonal function. Although correlation analyses reveal that the two mean species-δ18Ocell chronologies are mainly modulated by December\textendashMay temperature, the N. pumilio chronology shows a greater sensitivity to record temperature variations (r = 0.57, p \textless 0.05). The δ18Ocell of N. pumilio contains a regional temperature signal representative of a large area in southern South America under the influence of the Southern Annular Mode. This study indicates that δ18Ocell in N. pumilio is a promising proxy to reconstruct past variations in temperature in South America south of 38°S.
Published: 2016

11. Reconstruction of southeast Tibetan Plateau summer climate using tree ring δ18O: moisture variability over the past two centuries

Author: Camille Risi, Qiong Zhang, Valérie Daux, Monique Pierre, Zongshan Li, Michel Stievenard, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Shugui Hou, and Chunming Shi
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, geography, Plateau, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, Stratigraphy, Paleontology, Glacier, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Monsoon, 01 natural sciences, Ice core, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Dendrochronology, Environmental science, Precipitation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: A tree-ring δ18O chronology of Linzhi spruce, spanning from AD 1781 to 2005, was developed in Bomi, Southeast Tibetan Plateau (TP). During the period with instrumental data (AD 1961–2005), this record is strongly correlated with regional CRU (Climate Research Unit) summer cloud data, which is supported by a precipitation δ18O simulation conducted with the isotope-enabled atmospheric general circulation model LMDZiso. A reconstruction of a regional summer cloud index, based upon the empirical relationship between cloud and diurnal temperature range, was therefore achieved. This index reflects regional moisture variability in the past 225 yr. The climate appears drier and more stable in the 20th century than previously. The drying trend in late 19th century of our reconstruction is consistent with a decrease in the TP glacier accumulation recorded in ice cores. An exceptional dry decade is documented in the 1810s, possibly related to the impact of repeated volcanic eruptions on monsoon flow.
Published: 2012

12. Tree-rings and the climate of New Caledonia (SW Pacific)

Author: Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Pierre Genthon, Robert Nasi, Vincent Lieubeau, and Michel Stievenard
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, δ18O, Paleontology, Dendroclimatology, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, biology.organism_classification, Atmospheric sciences, Circumference, 01 natural sciences, Climatology, Agathis lanceolata, Agathis, Dendrochronology, Precipitation, Araucaria, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: The dendroclimatologic potential of some Araucariacae of New Caledonia (including Agathis, or kauris, and Araucaria) is assessed using ring thickness and δ18O measurements. New Caledonia is a group of islands in the SW Pacific that are currently under influence of ENSO events. Endemic to New Caledonia, the long-living species of Agathis lanceolata and A. ovata, growing on poor ultramafic-derived soils may provide valuable proxies for the local climate and for ENSO. These trees present visible growth bands of changing thickness along their circumference. However, several bands are locally absent, and the growth axis is generally offset with respect to the geometrical axis of the tree. This led us to compute so-called composite ring thickness profiles, accounting for the geometry of growth bands on the whole surface of a tree disk. Our computational method involves 10 optical density profiles measured along 10 equally spaced radii drawn from the bark toward the growth axis, and 10 to 20 master rings, that can be easily identified on the whole disk. Growth bands visible on less than 5 radii were discarded. Our method is similar to the cross-dating method used by dendrochronologists, except that it is applied here to a single tree disk. Our samples consist of three disks of A. lanceolata, one disk of A. ovata, and one disk of Araucaria columnaris. Multiple regressions have been computed between composite profiles and climatic variables i.e. monthly and yearly temperatures and rainfall amounts. The best correlation is found between the width of the ring growing between July (n − 1) and June (n) with the rainfalls of June (n), June (n − 1) and June (n − 2). Monthly rainfalls allow to explain between 20% to 50% of the ring thickness variance, a result similar to that obtained with other studies on Agathis of New Zealand. No temperature parameter appears in the most stable regressions. 30 measurements of tree ring cellulose δ18O have been conducted on one single disk selected for the strong climate-ring width correlation. While earlier studies have used δ18O measurements to identify seasonal cycles in tropical woods and date the rings, our data suggest that the direct use of δ18O is misleading due to false rings that do not correspond to a complete growth year. When these false rings are identified from the disk analysis and discarded, a fair visual correlation with the total rainfall during the growth season is obtained. This requires information that cannot be found in single growth band thickness profiles, for example as obtained by coring. Thus, Araucariacae of New Caledonia may present a valuable potential for dendroclimatology. However, reconstructing a chronology of this region will require more extensive sampling and possibly an account of additional species.
Published: 2007

13. Water-use efficiency and transpiration across European forests during the Anthropocene

Author: M. Kalela-Brundin, Nicolas Viovy, Benjamin Poulter, Emilia Gutiérrez, Katja T. Rinne, H. Marah, Markus Leuenberger, Kerstin Treydte, Z. Bednarz, Mark R. Lomas, Emmi Hilasvuori, Niklaus E. Zimmermann, Philippe Ciais, John S. Waterhouse, Gerhard H. Schleser, David Frank, Stephen Sitch, Elżbieta Szychowska‐Kra̧piec, Laia Andreu-Hayles, Samuel Levis, Anna Pazdur, Michael Grabner, Tatjana Boettger, Gerhard Helle, Carmela Miriam D’Alessandro, Monique Pierre, Högne Jungner, V. R. Switsur, M. Filot, Matthias Saurer, Eloni Sonninen, Pierre Friedlingstein, Marek Krapiec, M. Szczepanek, C. E. Reynolds-Henne, Octavi Planells, Valérie Daux, Frank Berninger, Chris Huntingford, Luigi Todaro, Anders Ahlström, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Jan Esper, Sławomira Pawełczyk, Marika Haupt, Neil J. Loader, Martin Weigl, Michel Stievenard, Antonio Saracino, R. Pukiene, Montana State University (MSU), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, SWISS FEDERAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE WSL, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Centre for Terrestrial Carbon Dynamics: National Centre for Earth Observation (CTCD), University of Sheffield [Sheffield], College of Life and Environmental Sciences [Exeter], University of Exeter, Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), University of Helsinki, Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Polish Geological Institute, Climate and Environmental Physics [Bern] (CEP), Physikalisches Institut [Bern], Universität Bern [Bern]-Universität Bern [Bern], CNESTEN, cnesten, inconnu, Inconnu, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE)-Universität Bern [Bern] (UNIBE), Frank, D. C., Poulter, B., Saurer, M., Esper, J., C., Huntingford, Helle, G., Treydte, K. S., Zimmermann, N. E., G. H., Schleser, A., Ahlström, P., Ciai, P., Friedlingstein, S., Levi, M., Loma, S., Sitch, N., Viovy, Andreu Hayles, L., Bednarz, Z., Berninger, F., Boettger, T., D’Alessandro, C. M., Daux, V., Filot, M., Grabner, M., Gutierrez, E., Haupt, M., Hilasvuori, E., Jungner, H., Kalela Brundin, M., Krapiec, M., Leuenberger, M., Loader, N. J., Marah, H., Masson Delmotte, V., Pazdur, A., Pawelczyk, S., Pierre, M., Planells, O., Pukiene, R., Reynolds Henne, C. E., Rinne, K. T., Saracino, Antonio, Sonninen, E., Stievenard, M., Switsur, V. R., Szczepanek, M., Szychowska Krapiec, E., Todaro, L., Waterhouse, J. S., and Weigl, M.
Subjects: hiilidioksidi, Stomatal conductance, hiili, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, ta1171, vesi, Growing season, Climate change, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), Atmospheric sciences, tree-ring, chemistry.chemical_compound, hydrologinen kierto, dioxide, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, kasvit, ilmasto, Water cycle, Water-use efficiency, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, climate, CO2 fertilization, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Transpiration, Hydrology, ilmakehä, atmospheric CO2, elevated CO2, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Global warming, varastointi, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, gas-exchange, rising CO2, chemistry, 13. Climate action, stomatal conductance, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Carbon dioxide, Environmental science, aineiden kierto, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), carbon-isotope discrimination
Abstract: Considering the combined effects of CO2 fertilization and climate change drivers on plant physiology leads to a modest increase in simulated European forest transpiration in spite of the effects of CO2-induced stomatal closure. The Earth’s carbon and hydrologic cycles are intimately coupled by gas exchange through plant stomata1,2,3. However, uncertainties in the magnitude4,5,6 and consequences7,8 of the physiological responses9,10 of plants to elevated CO2 in natural environments hinders modelling of terrestrial water cycling and carbon storage11. Here we use annually resolved long-term δ13C tree-ring measurements across a European forest network to reconstruct the physiologically driven response of intercellular CO2 (Ci) caused by atmospheric CO2 (Ca) trends. When removing meteorological signals from the δ13C measurements, we find that trees across Europe regulated gas exchange so that for one ppmv atmospheric CO2 increase, Ci increased by ∼0.76 ppmv, most consistent with moderate control towards a constant Ci/Ca ratio. This response corresponds to twentieth-century intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) increases of 14 ± 10 and 22 ± 6% at broadleaf and coniferous sites, respectively. An ensemble of process-based global vegetation models shows similar CO2 effects on iWUE trends. Yet, when operating these models with climate drivers reintroduced, despite decreased stomatal opening, 5% increases in European forest transpiration are calculated over the twentieth century. This counterintuitive result arises from lengthened growing seasons, enhanced evaporative demand in a warming climate, and increased leaf area, which together oppose effects of CO2-induced stomatal closure. Our study questions changes to the hydrological cycle, such as reductions in transpiration and air humidity, hypothesized to result from plant responses to anthropogenic emissions.
Published: 2015

14. GRIP Deuterium Excess Reveals Rapid and Orbital-Scale Changes in Greenland Moisture Origin

Author: Martin Werner, James W. C. White, Michel Stievenard, Arny E. Sveinbjörnsdottir, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Amaelle Landais, Sigfus J Johnsen, Jean Jouzel, Katrin Fuhrer, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric circulation, Ocean current, Northern Hemisphere, Climate change, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Oceanography, Greenland ice core project, 13. Climate action, Polar amplification, Ice sheet, Water cycle, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Northern Hemisphere hydrological cycle is a key factor coupling ice sheets, ocean circulation, and polar amplification of climate change. Here we present a Northern Hemisphere deuterium excess profile covering one climatic cycle, constructed with the use of δ 18 O and δD Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) records. Past changes in Greenland source and site temperatures are quantified with precipitation seasonality taken into account. The imprint of obliquity is evidenced in the site-to-source temperature gradient at orbital scale. At the millennial time scale, GRIP source temperature changes reflect southward shifts of the geographical locations of moisture sources during cold events, and these rapid shifts are associated with large-scale changes in atmospheric circulation.
Published: 2005

15. Ice-Core Study of the Link between Sea-Salt Aerosol, Sea-Ice Cover and Climate in the Antarctic Peninsula Area

Author: Michel Stievenard, Robert J. Delmas, and Alberto J. Aristarain
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, food.ingredient, δ18O, Sea salt, Snow, Atmospheric temperature, food, Oceanography, Ice core, Sea ice, Sea salt aerosol, Geology, Isotope analysis
Abstract: Three ice cores and a set of snow pit samples collected on James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula, in 1979, 1981 and 1991 have been analyzed for water stable isotope content δD or δ18O (isotopic temperature) and major chemical species. A reliable and detailed chronological scale has been established first for the upper 24.5 m of water equivalent (1990–1943) where various data sets can be compared, then extended down to 59.5 m of water equivalent (1847) with the aid of seasonal variations and the sulphate peak reflecting the 1883 Krakatoa volcanic eruption. At James Ross Island, sea-salt aerosol is generally produced by ice-free marine surfaces during the summer months, although some winter sea-salt events have been observed. For the upper part of the core (1990–1943), correlations (positive or negative) were calculated between isotopic temperature, chloride content (a sea-salt indicator), sea-ice extent, regional atmospheric temperature changes and atmospheric circulation. The δD and chloride content correlation was then extended back to 1847, making it possible to estimate decadal sea-ice cover fluctuations over the study period. Our findings suggest that ice-core records from James Ross Island reflect the recent warming and sea-ice decrease trends observed in the Antarctic Peninsula area from the mid-1940s.
Published: 2004

16. A new Andean deep ice core from Nevado Illimani (6350 m), Bolivia

Author: Amaelle Landais, Nicolas Caillon, Edson Ramirez, Bernard Francou, Michel Stievenard, Jean-Denis Taupin, Pierre Ribstein, Jefferson Cardia Simões, J. R. Petit, Bernard Pouyaud, George R. Hoffmann, Francisco A. Ferron, Ulrich Schotterer, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: GLACIOLOGIE, 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, DATATION, Ice core, Geochemistry and Petrology, HOLOCENE, ETUDE COMPARATIVE, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), ANALYSE ISOTOPIQUE, Glacial period, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, TEMPERATURE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 15. Life on land, America north, Geophysics, PALEOCLIMAT, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, PRECIPITATION, CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE, Climatology, GLACIER, Period (geology), Geology
Abstract: A new ice core record from the Nevado Illimani (16°S), Bolivia, covers approximately the last 18 000 years BP. A comparison with two published ice records, from Sajama (18°S), Bolivia [Thompson et al., Science 282 (1998) 1858-1864] and Huascarán (9°S), Peru [Thompson et al., Science 269 (1996) 46-50], documents a regionally coherent transition from glacial to modern climate conditions in South America north of 20°S. The strong resemblance between the Illimani and Huascarán water isotope records and their differences from the Sajama record, in particular during the period from 9000 years BP to 14 000 years BP, suggest that local water recycling or local circulation changes played a major role for Sajama. We interpret the common Illimani/Huascarán water isotope history in terms of a common change from wetter/cooler conditions during glacial times to drier/warmer conditions in the Early Holocene. A 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. (résumé d'auteur)
Published: 2003

17. Fossil water in large stalagmite voids as a tool for paleoprecipitation stable isotope composition reconstitution and paleotemperature calculation

Author: Olivier Cattani, S. Falourd, Christiane Causse, Dominique Blamart, Valérie Plagnes, Dominique Genty, R Ouahdi, Sandra Van-Exter, Michel Stievenard, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Calcite, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stable isotope ratio, Mineralogy, Geology, Stalagmite, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Deuterium, Ice core, chemistry, Cave, Geochemistry and Petrology, Paleoclimatology, Fluid inclusions, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The deuterium content of macroscopic fluid inclusions, several millimetres large, observed on two stalagmite polished sections has been measured with high accuracy (
Published: 2002

18. Tree age, site and climate controls on tree ring cellulose δ18O: A case study on oak trees from south-western France

Author: Michel Stievenard, Inga Labuhn, Olivier Mestre, Anaïs Féron, Olivier Girardclos, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Dominique Genty, Valérie Daux, Monique Pierre, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace ( IPSL ), École normale supérieure - Paris ( ENS Paris ) -Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Météo-France [Paris], Météo France, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), and Météo-France
Subjects: Hydrology, Topsoil, Tree canopy, Ecology, δ18O, Microclimate, Growing season, Humidity, Plant Science, 15. Life on land, [ SDE ] Environmental Sciences, 13. Climate action, Evapotranspiration, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Dendrochronology, Environmental science, Physical geography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: A main concern of dendroclimatic reconstruction is to distinguish in the tree ring proxy the influence of the climate variables of interest from other controlling factors. In order to investigate age, site and climate controls on tree ring width and cellulose δ18O, measurements have been performed in nearby groups of young (145 years old) and older (310–405 years old) oak trees in south-western France, covering the period 1860–2010. Within a given site, inter-tree deviations are small, pointing to a common climatic signal. Despite a similar inter-annual variability, the average level of cellulose δ18O in the young tree group is ∼0.8‰ higher than in the old trees. Such offsets might be caused by different soil properties and differences in the fraction of the source water used by trees from different depths. The δ18O of water in the top soil layer is directly related to the current growing season precipitation, while deeper water can have a lower and more constant δ18O. Local cave drip waters at 10 m depth indeed show a constant isotopic composition, which corresponds to pluri-annual mean precipitation. A 2‰ increasing trend is observed in cellulose δ18O of young trees in the first 30 years of growth, during a period when no trend is visible in older trees. This increase can be quantitatively explained by humidity gradients under the forest canopy, and a changing microclimate around the crown as trees grow higher. While relationships between tree ring width and climate appear complex, the isotopic composition of cellulose is strongly correlated with summer maximum temperature, relative humidity and evapotranspiration (r ≈ 0.70). Weaker correlations (r ≈ 0.40) are identified with precipitation δ18O from a 15-year long local record and from the REMOiso model output. These results imply that leaf water enrichment has a stronger control on the inter-annual variability of cellulose δ18O than the δ18O of precipitation. This study demonstrates the suitability of oak tree ring cellulose δ18O for reconstructing past summer climate variability in south-western France, provided that the sampling and pooling strategy accounts for the fact that trees from different sites and of different age can introduce non-climatic signals.
Published: 2014

19. A 420,000 year deuterium excess record from East Antarctica: Information on past changes in the origin of precipitation at Vostok

Author: Jean-Robert Petit, Jean Jouzel, Gilles Delaygue, V. Masson, Michel Stievenard, Françoise Vimeux, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ice stream, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, 03 medical and health sciences, Ice core, Geochemistry and Petrology, Paleoclimatology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Precipitation, Glacial period, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Holocene, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Interglacial, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Here we present and analyze the complete Vostok ice cores deuterium excess record which spans the last four climatic cycles, back to-420,000 years B.P. To extract paleoclimate information from this record, we use isotopic modeling showing that changes in deuterium excess (d=fD-86•80) of Vostok precipitation reflect changes in the average temperature of oceanic moisture sources. Over the last 250,000 years the deuterium excess is strongly anticorrelated with changes in Earth's obliquity. This reflects changes in the relative contribution of low and high latitudes to the Vostok precipitation, resulting from changes in the latitudinal annual mean insolation gradient governed by the obliquity. However, this modulation by obliquity is not observed prior to 250,000 years B.P. We attribute this difference to the ice flow, the deeper ice under Vostok station having accumulated in a location upstream Vostok, receiving precipitation from different oceanic origins. Despite this difference between the earlier and the later portions of the record, the deuterium excess changes during all the glacial inceptions are similar in amplitude and timing relative to the deuterium decrease. The glacial inceptions are characterized by high deuterium excess, indicating the significant role of the tropics in supplying moisture to the already cold poles.
Published: 2001

20. Tibetan Plateau summer monsoon northward extent revealed by measurements of water stable isotopes

Author: Michel Stievenard, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Tandong Yao, Lide Tian, Jean Jouzel, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, Monsoon, 01 natural sciences, Isotopes of oxygen, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Precipitation, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Transect, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Monsoon of South Asia, geography, Plateau, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Moisture, Paleontology, Forestry, 6. Clean water, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Physical geography, Geology
Abstract: International audience; A program of individual precipitation events and river water sampling and of water isotopic measurements (fiD, br80) was carried out during summer 1996 along a northeast/southwest transect of the Tibetan Plateau. The spatial distribution of both •80 and deuterium excess (d=bD-8*b•80) of the precipitation reveals three distinct regions. Simulations with a simple isotopic model and seasonal isotopic variations measured at two extreme south and north locations support our interpretation in terms of different summer moisture origins: (1) South of the Himalayan mountains, the moisture provided by the Indian monsoon has been recycled over the Indian peninsula. (2) Between the Himalayas and the Tanggula mountains the oceanic moisture is directly transported from the Bay of Bengal along the Brahmaptra River valley. (3) North of the Tanggula mountains, the moisture is not provided by the monsoon anymore but by continental water recycling.
Published: 2001

21. Holocene hydrological cycle changes in the Southern Hemisphere documented in East Antarctic deuterium excess records

Author: Jean Jouzel, Michel Stievenard, Françoise Vimeux, V. Masson, James W. C. White, R. Vaikmae, Eric J. Steig, Jean-Robert Petit, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth and Environmental Science [Philadelphia], University of Pennsylvania, Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Tallinn Technical University, Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], and Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010506 paleontology, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric circulation, Snow, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Sea surface temperature, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Environmental science, Precipitation, Water cycle, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Southern Hemisphere, Holocene, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Four Holocene-long East Antarctic deuterium excess records are used to study past changes of the hydrological cycle in the Southern Hemisphere. We combine simple and complex isotopic models to quantify the relationships between Antarctic deuterium excess fluctuations and the sea surface temperature (SST) integrated over the moisture source areas for Antarctic snow. The common deuterium excess increasing trend during the first half of the Holocene is therefore interpreted in terms of a warming of the average ocean moisture source regions over this time. Available Southern Hemisphere SST records exhibit opposite trends at low latitudes (warming) and at high latitudes (cooling) during the Holocene. The agreement between the Antarctic deuterium excess and low-latitude SST trends supports the idea that the tropics dominate in providing moisture for Antarctic precipitation. The opposite trends in SSTs at low and high latitudes can potentially be explained by the decreasing obliquity during the Holocene inducing opposite trends in the local mean annual insolation between low and high latitudes. It also implies an increased latitudinal insolation gradient that in turn can maintain a stronger atmospheric circulation transporting more tropical moisture to Antarctica. This mechanism is supported by results from a mid-Holocene climate simulation performed using a coupled ocean-atmosphere model.
Published: 2001

22. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of aqueous salt solutions by gas–water equilibration method

Author: Jean Jouzel, Michel Stievenard, C. Bourg, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_classification, Molality, Aqueous solution, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Isotope, Hydrogen, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Salt (chemistry), Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Oxygen, 6. Clean water, chemistry, Deuterium, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Seawater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: This study deals with the so-called isotope salt effect associated with the presence of salts in oceanic and other natural waters. We have estimated this effect both for deuterium and oxygen-18, taking advantage of accurate gas–water equilibration methods. Solutions composed of either monovalent or divalent salts and of a mixture of these different salts with a composition similar to seawater have been studied for concentrations of 0.5, 1 and 2 times that of seawater. We confirm that the deuterium salt-effect varies linearly with the molality of the solution and we have checked that this relation applies to low molalities. This result is of direct use for the measurement of δ D in saline waters by the H 2 –H 2 O equilibration method. There is no significant oxygen-18 salt effect for this range of concentrations.
Published: 2001

23. A kinetic isotope effect during ice formation by water freezing

Author: Véronique Verbeke, Michel Stievenard, Reginald Lorrain, Roland Souchez, Suzanne Sleewaegen, Jean Jouzel, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Hydrology, geography, Oxygen-18, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, δ18O, Thermodynamics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Isotopes of oxygen, Geophysics, Sea ice growth processes, 13. Climate action, Sea ice, Aufeis, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Clear ice, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Water vapor, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: A kinetic isotope effect is known to occur during ice formation from water vapour in a cloud ; it is due to the difference in molecular diffusivities in air of HDO and H218O molecules. A similar effect is likely during water freezing since diffusion coefficients of HDO and H218O are also different in liquid water. Their values are however less different from each other than those in air. Therefore, such a kinetic isotope effect during water freezing is less frequently observed in Nature. This paper describes a situation in Antarctica where this effect is conspicuous in icings (aufeis). In this type of ice indeed there is no relationship between δD (or δ18O) and deuterium excess whereas a clear inverse relationship between these parameters exists in ice formed by water freezing when equilibrium isotopic fractionation applies. This kinetic effect is potentially present in hail within clouds, in infiltration ice (formed during sea ice growth) and in some kinds of ground ice.
Published: 2000

24. More Than 200 Meters of Lake Ice Above Subglacial Lake Vostok, Antarctica

Author: Véronique Verbeke, Michel Stievenard, Jean Jouzel, Dominique Raynaud, V. Ya. Lipenkov, N. I. Vassiliev, Françoise Vimeux, Nartsiss I. Barkov, Jean-Robert Petit, Roland Souchez, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), St Petersburg State Mining Institute, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ice stream, Antarctic Regions, Antarctic ice sheet, Fresh Water, Oxygen Isotopes, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ice shelf, Ice cap climate, Ice core, Exobiology, Freezing, Lake Vostok, Subglacial lake, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ice, Electric Conductivity, Deuterium, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Shelf ice, Water Microbiology
Abstract: International audience; Isotope studies show that the Vostok ice core consists of ice refrozen from Lake Vostok water, from 3539 meters below the surface of the Antarctic ice sheet to its bottom at about 3750 meters. Additional evidence comes from the total gas content, crystal size, and electrical conductivity of the ice. The Vostok site is a likely place for water freezing at the lake-ice interface, because this interface occurs at a higher level here than anywhere else above the lake. Isotopic data suggest that subglacial Lake Vostok is an open system with an efficient circulation of water that was formed during periods that were slightly warmer than those of the past 420,000 years. Lake ice recovered by deep drilling is of interest for preliminary investigations of lake chemistry and bedrock properties and for the search for indigenous lake microorganisms. This latter aspect is of potential importance for the exploration of icy planets and moons.
Published: 1999

25. An automated system for hydrogen isotope analysis of water

Author: Bruce H. Vaughn, Michel Stievenard, Marc Delmotte, M. Trolier, Olivier Cattani, James W. C. White, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Spectrum analyzer, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Hydrogen, Radiochemistry, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Geology, Uranium, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Deuterium, Geochemistry and Petrology, Depleted uranium, Uranium oxide, Sample preparation, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: An automated inlet system has been developed for deuterium/hydrogen isotope analysis of water using on-line reduction to hydrogen. A modified HPLC autosampler introduces precise aliquots of water (0.5 to 5 μl) into a heated expansion chamber which is connected via a capillary to hot uranium where the water is reduced to uranium oxide, and hydrogen for analysis. The 600°C uranium reduction furnace is kept at analyzer pressure in the mass spectrometer, which maximizes the lifetime of the reductant to handle more than 4000 injections per 0.5 g of depleted uranium. This is a flow-through system, and unlike zinc or catalyst methods, some `memory' effects are encountered, requiring two injections to obtain a δ D precision of less than ±1‰, and four injections for a precision of less than ±0.5‰. Sample preparation is limited to pipetting water into an autosampler vial. The computer-controlled system provides extended unattended operation allowing, for instance, large runs of samples that can occupy the instrument over entire weekends.
Published: 1998

26. Changes of tree-ring delta13C and water-use efficiency of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in north-eastern France during the past century

Author: Nathalie Bréda, Jean-Luc Dupouey, A. Duquesnay, Michel Stievenard, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, δ13C, Physiology, Ecology, Plant Science, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Fagaceae, High forest, Fagus sylvatica, Dendrochronology, Environmental science, Water-use efficiency, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Beech, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Silviculture, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: We investigated variation in intrinsic water-use efficiency during the past century by analysing δ 13 C in tree rings of beech growing in north-eastern France. Two different silvicultural systems were studied: high forest and coppice-with-standards. We studied separately effects related to the age of the tree at the time the ring was formed and effects attributable to environmental changes. At young ages, δ 13 C shows an increase of more than 1‰. However, age-related trends differ in high forest and coppice-with-standards. Changes in microenvironmental variables during stand maturation, and physiological changes related to structural development of the trees with ageing, could explain these results. During the past century, δ 13 C in tree rings shows a pattern of decline that is not paralleled by air δ 13 C changes. Isotopic discrimination has significantly decreased from 18.1 to 16.4‰ in high forest and varied insignificantly between 17.4 and 16.9‰ in coppice-with-standards. As a consequence, intrinsic water-use efficiency has increased by 44% in high forest and 23% in coppice-with-standards during the past century. These results accord with the increased water-use efficiency observed in controlled experiments under a CO 2 -enriched atmosphere. However, other environmental changes, such as nitrogen deposition, may be responsible for such trends.
Published: 1998

27. Experimental determination of the diffusion rate of deuterated water vapor in ice and application to the stable isotopes smoothing of ice cores

Author: Philippe Jean-Baptiste, Jean Jouzel, Michel Stievenard, P. Ciais, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Hydrology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, Firn, Mineralogy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Geophysics, Ice core, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Grain boundary diffusion coefficient, Deposition (phase transition), Effective diffusion coefficient, Diffusion (business), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Water vapor, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The stable isotope records of δD and δ18O in ice cores show that the isotopic gradients are smoothed out with time by diffusion. Transport of hydrogen and oxygen atoms through solid ice is slow, whereas water vapor diffusion through the interconnected porosity is much faster. Smoothing occurs preferentially in the upper layers of firn, where the density is lowest, and is responsible for the gradual alteration of the isotopic stratigraphy. Results for the diffusion of water vapor in ice are presented. They were obtained from laboratory experiments with diffusion couples prepared using artificial snow with different D/H values. The samples were allowed to diffuse for about one year at a controlled temperature before being cut into thin sections and analyzed with a mass spectrometer. The effects of both temperature and density were investigated. The measured diffusion coefficients are fully consistent with water vapor diffusion through the ice porosity. The computed values are less than the diffusion coefficient of HDO in free-air and imply a tortuosity factor in the range 3.2–6.5 depending on the sample density. The influence of the grain sizes on the timescale of the isotopic homogenization between the vapor phase and the ice matrix was studied. We show that for grain sizes up to 1 mm in diameter, solid diffusion within the grains is not a limiting factor and therefore, the isotopic equilibrium between the vapor and the solid phases can be considered as immediate. The diffusion model developed to compute the diffusion coefficients was further applied to investigate the real case of isotope smoothing in ice cores. The smoothing rate is highly dependent on the wavelength of the isotopic signal, linked to the accumulation rate, and on temperature. Finally, the model was applied to tritium deposition in Antarctica, from a continuous record of artificial fallout at the South Pole (1954–1978). The result shows that in spite of large gradients, the initial distribution underwent only limited smoothing that did not exceed 10%.
Published: 1998

28. Validity of the temperature reconstruction from water isotopes in ice cores

Author: S. J. Johnsen, Michel Stievenard, Richard B. Alley, Pieter Meiert Grootes, Jean Jouzel, Minze Stuiver, Kurt M. Cuffey, James W. C. White, David A. Peel, Georg Hoffmann, Christopher A. Shuman, Willi Dansgaard, and Randal D. Koster
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric circulation, δ18O, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Paleothermometer, Ice core, Geochemistry and Petrology, Paleoclimatology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Precipitation, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Ecology, Isotope, Paleontology, Forestry, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Environmental science, Spatial variability
Abstract: Well-documented present-day distributions of stable water isotopes (HDO and H218O) show the existence, in middle and high latitudes, of a linear relationship between the mean annual isotope content of precipitation (δD and δ18O) and the mean annual temperature at the precipitation site. Paleoclimatologists have used this relationship, which is particularly well obeyed over Greenland and Antarctica, to infer paleotemperatures from ice core data. There is, however, growing evidence that spatial and temporal isotope/surface temperature slopes differ, thus complicating the use of stable water isotopes as paleothermometers. In this paper we review empirical estimates of temporal slopes in polar regions and relevant information that can be inferred from isotope models: simple, Rayleigh-type distillation models and (particularly over Greenland) general circulation models (GCMs) fitted with isotope tracer diagnostics. Empirical estimates of temporal slopes appear consistently lower than present-day spatial slopes and are dependent on the timescale considered. This difference is most probably due to changes in the evaporative origins of moisture, changes in the seasonality of the precipitation, changes in the strength of the inversion layer, or some combination of these changes. Isotope models have not yet been used to evaluate the relative influences of these different factors. The apparent disagreement in the temporal and spatial slopes clearly makes calibrating the isotope paleothermometer difficult. Nevertheless, the use of a (calibrated) isotope paleothermometer appears justified; empirical estimates and most (though not all) GCM results support the practice of interpreting ice core isotope records in terms of local temperature changes.
Published: 1997

29. Helium and oxygen isotope analyses of hydrothermal fluids from the East Pacific Rise between 17°S and 19°S

Author: Jean-Pierre Donval, Arnaud Dapoigny, Michel Stievenard, J.M. Auzende, Jean-Luc Charlou, Philippe Jean-Baptiste, Yves Fouquet, and Laboratoire de Modélisation du Climat et de l'Environnement (LMCE)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, Isotopes of oxygen, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Isotopes of helium, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Helium, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Isotope analysis, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Isotope, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Geology, Hydrothermal vent
Abstract: Hydrothermal vent fields south of the Garret Fracture zone were sampled for the isotope composition of helium and oxygen ([18O]H2O/[16OH2O). The helium isotopes end-member (3He / 4He=8.3×R a and [4He]≈1.2–2.4×10-5 cm3 STP g-1) is quite similar to other known hydrothermal sites pointing to the homogeneous helium composition of the upper mantle. The δ18O end-member value (δ18O≈0.5–0.6‰) confirms previous suggestions from other sites and from isotope modeling, that hydrothermal fluids are slightly enriched in 18O relative to the ocean as a result of water–rock interactions at high temperature.
Published: 1997

30. Oxygen isotope study of mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal fluids: Implication for the oxygen-18 budget of the oceans

Author: Jean-Luc Charlou, Michel Stievenard, Philippe Jean-Baptiste, and Laboratoire de Modélisation du Climat et de l'Environnement (LMCE)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, Earth science, Mid-ocean ridge, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, Isotopes of oxygen, Sea surface temperature, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, Ridge, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrothermal vent
Abstract: New data are reported for the 18O composition of hot hydrothermal fluids from various sites with different tectonic settings. The measured δ18O, in the range 0.53–2.3‰ confirm earlier data suggesting that mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal vents are a major source of 18O to the ocean. In light of this new data, we attempt to re-evaluate the marine 18O budget from direct quantification of the main sources and sinks of oceanic oxygen-18. Within the uncertainty of the flux estimates, 18O inputs and outputs are found to balance each other, showing that oceanic 18O is presently at a steady-state. Using these present fluxes, we examine the past evolution of the 18O composition of the ocean and speculate that the initial 18O oceanic content may have evolved rapidly towards its present value. This suggests, as already pointed out in previous studies, that ocean water may have had a rather constant 18O composition over most of the Earth's history and that δ18O measurements in ancient cherts and carbonates may primarily record the evolution of the ocean temperature.
Published: 1997

31. Past climate changes revealed by fossil chironomid chitin δ18O calibration with ostracod calcite δ18O in Annecy Lake Sediments (French Alps)

Author: Marlène Lavrieux, Valérie Daux, Ulrich von Grafenstein, Laurent Millet, Monique Pierre, Michel Stievenard, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), and Aptel, Florence
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2013

32. Mineral and gas chemistry of hydrothermal fluids on an ultrafast spreading ridge: East Pacific Rise, 17° to 19°S (Naudur cruise, 1993) phase separation processes controlled by volcanic and tectonic activity

Author: Philippe Jean-Baptiste, Michel Stievenard, Yves Fouquet, Jean Luc Charlou, Jean Pierre Donval, J.M. Auzende, Stéphane Michel, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Laboratoire de Modélisation du Climat et de l'Environnement (LMCE)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, Soil Science, Mineralogy, Aquatic Science, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Deep sea, Hydrothermal circulation, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Basalt, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Mid-ocean ridge, Tectonics, Geophysics, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Magmatism, Geology, Hydrothermal vent
Abstract: International audience; During the Naudur cruise in December 1993, 23 dives using the French submersible Nautile were conducted on the axis of the East Pacific Rise between 17° and 19°S where the spreading rate is among the fastest in the ocean (14 to 16 cm/yr). Twenty hydrothermal fluids located at the topographic high of each segment in the axial domain were collected between 2573 and 2669 m depth on three segments centered, respectively, at 17°25′S, 18°15′S, and 18°26′S. The fluids exhibit a very wide range of temperature, chemical, and gas compositions. On the 17°25′S and 18°26′S segments, fluids have quite uniform compositions, low chlorinities, are gas-enriched and are low in dissolved metals relative to fluids from the 18°15′S segment which show high chlorinities, are less gas-enriched and show high-metal concentrations. Chloride and metal depletion associated with gas enrichment is consistent with phase separation. Whereas CH4 endmembers show large variations between sites, the 13CH4 data are very similar, with 13C values in a narrow range −22.0 to −23.9‰ versus pee-dee belemnite (PDB). δ13CO2 measured in fluids within the 18°15′S and 18°26′S segments are, respectively, −7.9 and −5.8‰ versus PDB, similar to 13C of CO2 trapped in mid oceanic ridge basalts, suggesting a magmatic origin. The variability in fluid composition is linked to the variability of the accretion process observed on the three segments. The uniform venting of low-chlorinity fluids in the 17°25′S and 18°26′S segments is connected with volcanic activity which causes boiling with preferential venting of vapor-enriched fluids. High-salinity fluids are emitted on the 18°15′S segment where the ridge is tectonics-dominated and subseafloor circulation controlled by faults. Phase-separated effluents induced by volcanic and tectonic activity are delivered to the deep ocean in this area, as previously observed on the Juan de Fuca Ridge or in the North Fiji Basin Ridge.
Published: 1996

33. Climatic interpretation of the recently extended Vostok ice records

Author: Jean Jouzel, D. Raynaud, Jean-Robert Petit, T. King, B. Malaize, Michael L. Bender, Todd Sowers, C. Lorius, Nartsiss I. Barkov, V. M. Kotlyakov, Michel Stievenard, Claire Waelbroeck, Catherine Ritz, J. M. Barnola, Vladimir Ya. Lipenkov, Laboratoire de Modélisation du Climat et de l'Environnement (LMCE), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Rhode Island (URI), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Institute of Geography of RAS, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), and Penn State System
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Proxy (climate), Ice core, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Interglacial, Paleoclimatology, Glacial period, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Quaternary, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Holocene, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: A new ice core drilled at the Russian station of Vostok in Antarctica reached 2755 m depth in September 1993. At this depth, the glaciological time scale provides an age of 260 ky BP (±25). We refine this estimate using records of dust and deuterium in the ice and of δ18O of O2 in the entrapped air. δ18O of O2 is highly correlated with insolation over the last two climatic cycles if one assumes that the EGT chronology overestimates the increase of age with depth by 12% for ages older than 112 ky BP. This modified age-depth scale gives an age of 244 ky BP at 2755 m depth and agrees well with the age-depth scale of Walbroeck et al. (in press) derived by orbital tuning of the Vostok δD record. We discuss the temperature interpretation of this latter record accounting for the influence of the origin of the ice and using information derived from deuterium-excess data. We conclude that the warmest period of stage 7 was likely as warm as today in Antarctica. A remarkable feature of the Vostok record is the high level of similarity of proxy temperature records for the last two climatic cycles (stages 6 and 7 versus stages 1–5). This similarity has no equivalent in other paleorecords.
Published: 1996

34. Distribution of stable isotopes in surface snow along the route of the 1990 International Trans-Antarctica Expedition

Author: Jean-Robert Petit, Michel Stievenard, Qin Dahe, Jean Jouzel, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Laboratoire de Modélisation du Climat et de l'Environnement (LMCE)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Plateau, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stable isotope ratio, Dome, Elevation, Snow, 01 natural sciences, Geographic distribution, Oceanography, Peninsula, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 13. Climate action, Physical geography, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: This paper presents the distribution of average δD andδ18O values for the top 1 m of surface snow for a large area of Antarctica. The samples were collected on the 1990 International Trans-Antarctica Expedition which crossed the continent from the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula to Mirny Station. The empirical relationships between the isotopes, temperature and elevation are computed. The slopes of δD with respect to the surface temperature for the segments west (Patriot Hills-Vostok) and east of Vostok (Komsomolskaya-Mirny) are not significantly different to that observed between Dumont d’Urville and Dome C (Lorius and Merlivat, 1977) which are often used to interpret deep ice-core isotopic profiles. There is, however, a noticeable shift between the two regression lines with, for a given temperature, higher isotopic values west of Vostok. The deuterium excess values increase sharply at 3000 m.a.s.l. on the plateau, confirming the results of Petit and others (1991).
Published: 1994

35. Can climate variations be inferred from tree-ring parameters and stable isotopes from Larix decidua? Juvenile effects, budmoth outbreaks, and divergence issue

Author: F. Guibal, Monique Pierre, George R. Hoffmann, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Jean-Louis Edouard, Michel Stievenard, O. Mestre, Pierre-Alain Danis, Valérie Daux, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Centre Camille Jullian - Histoire et archéologie de la Méditerranée et de l'Afrique du Nord de la protohistoire à la fin de l'Antiquité (CCJ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo-France, Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Météo-France [Paris], Météo France, and Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Stomatal conductance, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Dendrochronology, Relative humidity, Precipitation, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, δ13C, biology, Stable isotope ratio, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Larch, Geology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Larch wood has been used for centuries as a building material. Hence, the study of the tree-ring width, the latewood maximal density, and the oxygen and carbon isotope composition of the cellulose of this tree provides potential and valuable insights when reconstructing past climate variability. We explore the qualities and limitations of these proxies, focusing on a forest standing the Nevache valley (French Alps). The analysis of 15 trees demonstrates a small intra-tree variability in comparison with the inter-tree variability of δ13C and δ18O, and shows that 6 trees, at least, must be pooled to make a population-representative sample. Our results show no juvenile effect for δ13C. Unlike tree-ring width and density, δ13C and δ18O are not altered by budmouth outbreaks. These two parameters therefore appear well suited for climate reconstructions, and depict a strong correlation with July–August temperature and relative humidity. The δ18O of larch cellulose is also strongly linked with the previous winter (December–March) oxygen isotopic composition of the precipitation. This is consistent with a winter water recharge of soil and ground. The past variations of July–August maximum temperature and relative humidity were established using two different combinations of the isotopic ratios. Uncertainties on the reconstructions are estimated respectively at ± 1.4 °C and 3.6%. Inter-annual variations of temperature and relative humidity are well reproduced. However, the reconstructed July–August temperature series diverges from the instrumental one, being lower, after ca. 1990. The effects of the variation through time of the depth of source water and of the ecophysiological response of trees to rising CO2 on the isotope composition are discussed as possible causes of divergence. This ‘divergence problem’ strongly questions the possibility of producing appropriate isotope-based temperature calibration.The relationships between isotopes and the July–August relative humidity are more stationary than those with temperature. This may reflect the first order control of the relative humidity on δ13C via the stomatal conductance and its influence on the evaporative enrichment of the oxygen of the leaf-water. Our study suggests that past variations of relative humidity in the French Alps can be accurately estimated using the stable isotope composition of larch cellulose.
Published: 2011

36. Reconstruction of southeast Tibetan Plateau summer cloud cover over the past two centuries using tree ring δ18O

Author: Valérie Daux, Zongshan Li, V. Masson-Delmotte, Michel Stievenard, C. Risi, Chunming Shi, Monique Pierre, and Shugui Hou
Subjects: geography, Plateau, geography.geographical_feature_category, Cloud cover, Climatology, Dendrochronology, Geology
Abstract: A tree-ring δ18O chronology of Linzhi spruce, spanning from AD 1781 to 2005, was developed in Bomi, Southeast Tibetan Plateau (TP). During the period with instrumental data (1961–2005), this record is strongly correlated with regional summer cloud cover, which is supported by a precipitation δ18O simulation conducted with the isotope-enabled atmospheric general circulation model LMDZiso. A 225-yr regional cloud cover reconstruction was therefore achieved. The observed cloud cover increased in the 1980s and this increase is not unprecedented in the entire reconstruction. The reconstructed cloud cover appears smaller and more stable in the 20th century than previously. A late 19th century decrease in our reconstructed cloud cover is consistent with a decrease in the TP glacier accumulation recorded in ice cores. Our data reveal a strong anomaly in the 1810s, which coincides with volcanic eruption in 1809 and the 1815 Tambora volcanic eruption.
Published: 2011

37. Sampling strategy and climatic implications of tree-ring stable isotopes on the southeast Tibetan Plateau

Author: Michel Stievenard, François-Marie Bréon, Monique Pierre, Xiaochun Wang, Jing Gao, Qi-Bin Zhang, Camille Risi, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Valérie Daux, Thomas Eglin, Chunming Shi, State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, China, Key Lab. of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China, Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Moisture, Stable isotope ratio, δ18O, Cloud cover, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Proxy (climate), Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Climatology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Dendrochronology, Relative humidity, Water content, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; We explore the potential of tree-ring cellulose d18O and d13C records for reconstructing climate variability in the southeast Tibetan Plateau. Our sampling strategy was designed to investigate intra and inter-tree variability, and the effects of the age of tree on d18O variation. We show that intra-tree d13C and d18O variability is negligible, and inter-tree coherence is sufficient to build robust tree-ring d18O or d13C chronologies based on only four trees. There is no evidence of an age effect regarding d18O, in contrast with tree-ring width. In our warm and moist sampling site, young tree d13C is not clearly correlated with monthly mean meteorological data. Tree-ring d18O appears significantly anti-correlated with summer precipitation amount, regional cloud cover, and relative humidity. Simulations conducted with the ORCHIDEE land surface model confirm the observed contribution of relative humidity to tree cellulose d18O, and explain the weak correlation of d13C with climate by the non-linear integration linked with photosynthesis. Altogether, the tree-ring cellulose d18O is shown to be a promising proxy to reconstruct regional summer moisture variability prior to the instrumental period. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
Published: 2011

38. Summer maximum temperature in northern France over the past century: instrumental data versus multiple proxies (tree-ring isotopes, grape harvest dates and forest fires): Instrumental data versus multiple proxies (tree-ring isotopes, grape harvest dates and forest fires)

Author: Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Valérie Daux, M. T. Guillemin, P. P. Perraud, Michel Stievenard, Marika Haupt, N. Etien, O. Mestre, Nathalie Bréda, Tatjana Boettger, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Météo-France [Paris], Météo France, Plateforme d'imagerie préclinique [Centre Georges-François Leclerc] (CGFL), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER-UNICANCER, Department of Hydrogeology [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Office National des Forêts (ONF), CEA, CNRS, EC FP6 ISONET EVK2 CT 2002 00147, ANR Escarsel, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer - Centre Georges-François Leclerc (CRLCC - CGFL), Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UNICANCER, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Zeuthen] (DESY), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo-France, and Office national des forêts (ONF)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, OXYGEN ISOTOPES, δ18O, C-13/C-12 RATIOS, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Dendroclimatology, CHENE ROUVRE, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, NORTHERN FRANCE, Dendrochronology, QUERCUS SESSILIFLORA, Harvest, ATMOSPHERIC CO2, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, TEMPERATURE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, LAST-MILLENNIUM, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Isotope analysis, Hydrology, Global and Planetary Change, HEMISPHERE TEMPERATURES, biology, δ13C, CLIMATE RELATIONSHIPS, Phenology, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, ISOTOPESTABLE-CARBON-ISOTOPE, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, CELLULOSE SYNTHESIS, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, SIGNAL STRENGTH, SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO, SUMMER, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Environmental science, Quercus petraea, Physical geography, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Changes in maximum spring and summer temperature are expected to have impacts on plant phenology and the occurrence of forest fires. Homogenised instrumental records of maximum spring and summer temperature are available in northern France for the past century, as well as documentary records of grape harvest dates and forest fire frequencies. Here we provide a new proxy of seasonal climate obtained by the analysis of latewood tree ring cellulose isotopic composition (δ18O, δ13C and δD), from 15 living oak trees (Quercus petraea) sampled in the Fontainebleau forest, near Paris. For the past 30 years, we have conducted a study on the inter-tree (for oxygen isotopes) and inter-station (for oxygen and hydrogen)isotopic variability. Multiple linear regression statistical analyses are used to assess the response function of documentary and tree-ring isotopic records to a variety of climatic and hydrological parameters. This calibration study highlights the correlation between latewood tree-ring δ18O and δ13C, grape harvest dates and numbers of forest fire starts with maximum growing season (April to September) temperature, showing the potential of multiple proxy reconstructions to assess the past fluctuations of this parameter prior to the instrumental period.
Published: 2009

39. A single-substrate model to interpret intra-annual stable isotope signals in tree-ring cellulose

Author: Didier Bert, Roderick C. Dewar, Lisa Wingate, Monique Pierre, Denis Loustau, Alexandre Bosc, Thierry Bariac, Michel Stievenard, Jérôme Ogée, Catherine Lambrot, Margaret M. Barbour, Écologie fonctionnelle et physique de l'environnement (EPHYSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physiology, Climate, Plant Science, Dendroclimatology, Oxygen Isotopes, Atmospheric sciences, OXYGEN ISOTOPE, Models, Biological, 01 natural sciences, Trees, Carbon cycle, Soil, Dendrochronology, medicine, CARBON ISOTOPE, WATER CYCLE, Cellulose, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Carbon Isotopes, biology, Stable isotope ratio, Ecology, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, Pinus, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Wood, Substrate (marine biology), Carbon, Oxygen, XYLOGENESIS, Environmental science, Pinus pinaster, CARBON CYCLE, France, Seasons, DENDROCLIMATOLOGY, 010606 plant biology & botany, Cell wall thickening
Abstract: The carbon and oxygen stable isotope composition of wood cellulose (delta(13)C(cellulose) and delta(18)O(cellulose), respectively) reveal well-defined seasonal variations that contain valuable records of past climate, leaf gas exchange and carbon allocation dynamics within the trees. Here, we present a single-substrate model for wood growth to interpret seasonal isotopic signals collected in an even-aged maritime pine plantation growing in South-west France, where climate, soil and flux variables were also monitored. Observed seasonal patterns in delta(13)C(cellulose) and delta(18)O(cellulose) were different between years and individuals, and mostly captured by the model, suggesting that the single-substrate hypothesis is a good approximation for tree ring studies on Pinus pinaster, at least for the environmental conditions covered by this study. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the model was mostly affected by five isotopic discrimination factors and two leaf gas-exchange parameters. Modelled early wood signals were also very sensitive to the date when cell wall thickening begins (t(wt)). Our model could therefore be used to reconstruct t(wt) time series and improve our understanding of how climate influences this key parameter of xylogenesis.
Published: 2009

40. Helium and methane measurements in hydrothermal fluids from the mid-Atlantic ridge: The Snake Pit site at 23°N

Author: Michel Stievenard, Philippe Jean-Baptiste, Jean-Pierre Donval, Henri Bougault, Catherine Mével, and Jean-Luc Charlou
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Stable isotope ratio, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Methane, Hydrothermal circulation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Geophysics, chemistry, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Ridge, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Isotopes of helium, Chemical composition, Helium, Geology
Abstract: Methane and helium isotopes concentrations have been measured in hydrothermal fluids of black smoker vents at the Snake Pit area (MAR, 23°N) as part of the Hydrosnake cruise with the submersible Nautile. The samples contain large quantities of helium and methane with endmember values of 4.6 × 10−5 cm3 STP/g for helium and 1.38 × 10−3 cm3 STP/g for methane. The helium isotopic ratio 3He/4He is 8.4 times the atmospheric ratio. These values are strikingly similar to those already obtained on the East Pacific Rise. The CH4/3He ratio is also quite similar (CH4/3He= 2.6 × 106) suggesting a non-biogenic origin of this gas in the fluids. Assuming that the range of variation of the 3He concentration data obtained so far from various tectonic settings is close to the genuine range of values encountered on mid-ocean ridges, the global mass flow involved in the hydrothermal circulation at the ridge's axis is estimated between 1000 and 3000 m3 of water/sec, leading to a residence time of the global ocean with respect to the hydrothermal circulation between 15 and 45 million years. This estimate implies that, in addition to the individual vents (smokers), there is an extensive diffuse circulation of hydrothermal fluids along the ridges, in agreement with recent observations concerning heat budgets at hydrothermal sites in the Eastern Pacific.
Published: 1991

41. A Review of Antarctic Surface Snow Isotopic Composition: Observations, Atmospheric Circulation, and Isotopic Modeling

Author: M. R. van den Broeke, Amaelle Landais, George R. Hoffmann, Alberto J. Aristarain, S. Falourd, Shugui Hou, Olivier Cattani, David Noone, M. M. Helsen, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Françoise Vimeux, J. R. Petit, A. Royer, Jean Jouzel, Barbara Stenni, W. J. van de Berg, H. Oerter, Gavin A. Schmidt, R. S. W. van de Wal, Michel Stievenard, Eric J. Steig, Hubert Gallée, J. Lopez, Alexey A. Ekaykin, James W. C. White, L. Genoni, Jefferson Cardia Simões, Elisabeth Schlosser, Elisabeth Isaksson, Massimo Frezzotti, David H. Bromwich, Hideaki Motoyama, Vin Morgan, Ryu Uemura, Ronaldo T. Bernardo, Marc Delmotte, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratory of Cryosphere and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Laboratorio de Estratigrafía Glaciar y Geoquímica del Agua y de la Nieve, Instituto Antártico Argentino, Nucleo de Pesquisas Antarcticas e Climaticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente (ENEA), Centro Ricerche Casaccia, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Department of Geological, Environmental and Marine Sciences [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste, Norwegian Polar Institute, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [Utrecht] (IMAU), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Departamento de Geologica y Geoquimica, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE-CRC), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Boulder] (ATOC), University of Colorado [Boulder], Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado [Boulder]-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Abteilung Klinische Sozialmedizin, Berufs- und Umweltdermatologie, Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics [Innsbruck], University of Innsbruck, Department of Earth and Space Sciences [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Glaciers et ressources en eau d'altitude - Indicateurs climatiques et environnementaux (GREATICE), Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University, GREATICE, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UAM. Departamento de Geología y Geoquímica, Masson Delmotte, V., Hou, S., Ekaykin, A., Jouzel, J., Aristarain, A., Bernardo, R. T., Bromwhich, D., Cattani, O., Delmotte, M., Falourd, S., Frezzotti, M., Gallée, H., Genoni, L., Isaksson, E., Landais, A., Helsen, H., Hoffmann, G., Lopez, J., Morgan, V., Motoyama, H., Noone, D., Oerter, H., Petit, J. R., Royer, A., Uemura, R., Schmidt, G. A., Schlosser, E., Simoes, J. C., Steig, E., Stenni, Barbara, Stievenard, M., van den Broeke, M., van de Wal, R., van den Berg, W. J., Vimeux, F., White, J. W. C., Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR), Masson-Delmotte, V., Bromwich, D., Delmotte, M. M., Gallee, H., Helsen, M. M., Steig, E. J., Stenni, B., Van Den Broeke, M. R., Van De Wal, R. S. W., and Van De Berg, W. J.
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric circulation, elevation, Surface snow, Antarctica, oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, deuterium excess, distance from the coast, latitude, isotopic models, general circulation atmospheric models, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Spatial distribution, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Snow isotopic composition, isotopic model, deuterium exce, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Isotope analysis, Atmospheric models, Moisture advection, Snow, Atmospheric temperature, oxygen and hydrogen isotope, Medio Ambiente, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Surface Antarctic, Environmental science, Circulation atmospheric
Abstract: A database of surface Antarctic snow isotopic composition is constructed using available measurements, with an estimate of data quality and local variability. Although more than 1000 locations are documented, the spatial coverage remains uneven with a majority of sites located in specific areas of East Antarctica. The database is used to analyze the spatial variations in snow isotopic composition with respect to geographical characteristics (elevation, distance to the coast) and climatic features (temperature, accumulation) and with a focus on deuterium excess. The capacity of theoretical isotopic, regional, and general circulation atmospheric models (including "isotopic" models) to reproduce the observed features and assess the role of moisture advection in spatial deuterium excess fluctuations is analyzed, Stable isotope analyses at LSCE have been funded by CEA, CNRS, ACI C3. Italian research was funded by National Antarctic Research Program (PNRA). The calibration of the isotope–temperature relationship is part of the European Commission 6th PCRDT EPICA-MIS and French ANR PICC projects. This work is a contribution to the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA), a joint European Science Foundation/European Commission scientific program, funded by the EU and by national contributions from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. The main logistic support was provided by IPEV and PNRA (at Dome C) and AWI (at Dronning Maud Land)
Published: 2008

42. Maximum growing season temperature in Western Europe: multi proxy reconstructions in Fontainebleau from 1596 to 2000

Author: O. Mestre, S. Durost, Vincent Bernard, Monique Pierre, M. T. Guillemin, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Valérie Daux, Michel Stievenard, N. Etien, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Civilisations atlantiques & Archéosciences (C2A), Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Laboratoire de chrono-écologie - CNRS (UMR6565) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Météo-France [Paris], and Météo France
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Atmospheric models, Northern Hemisphere, Growing season, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Climatology, Western europe, Environmental science, Harvest, Precipitation, Transect, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; In this study, we have combined a Burgundy grape harvest date record with new d18O measurements conducted on timbers and living trees cellulose from Fontainebleau castle and forest. Our reconstruction is expected to provide a reference series for the variability of growing season temperature (from April to September) in Western Europe from 1596 to 2000. We have estimated an uncertainty of 0.55°C on individual growing season maximum temperature reconstructions. We are able to assess this uncertainty, which is not the case for many documentary sources (diaries etc.), and even not the case for early instrumental temperature data. We compare our data with a number of independent temperature estimates for Europe and the Northern Hemisphere. The comparison between our reconstruction and Manley mean growing season temperature data provides an independent control of the quality of CET data. We show that our reconstruction preserves more variance back in time, because it was not distorted/averaged by statistical/homogenisation methods. Further works will be conducted to compare the d18O data from wood cellulose provided by transects of different tree species in Europe obtained within the EC ISONET project and the French ANR Program ESCARSEL, to analyse the spatial and temporal coherency between d18O records. The decadal variability will be also compared with other precipitation d18O records such as those obtained from benthic ostracods from deep peri-Alpine lakes or simulated by regional atmospheric models equipped with the modelling of water stable isotopes.
Published: 2007

43. Signal strength and climate calibration of a European tree-ring isotope network

Author: Emilia Gutiérrez, Anna Pazdur, Neil J. Loader, Michel Stievenard, Elżbieta Szychowska‐Kra̧piec, K. T. Rinne, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Martin Weigl, Gerhard H. Schleser, Antonio Saracino, Jan Esper, Matthias Saurer, M. Kalela-Brundin, Kerstin Treydte, Markus Leuenberger, Octavi Planells, Luigi Todaro, Carmela Miriam D’Alessandro, Emmi Hilasvuori, V. R. Switsur, Laia Andreu, Eloni Sonninen, Högne Jungner, C. E. Reynolds-Henne, R. Pukiene, Michael Grabner, Tatjana Boettger, M. Filot, David Frank, Sławomira Pawełczyk, Marika Haupt, N. Etien, Frank Berninger, M. Szczepanek, M. T. Guillemin, Z. Bednarz, Monique Pierre, John S. Waterhouse, Marek Krapiec, Gerhard Helle, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Treydte, K, Frank, D, Andreu, L, Bednarz, Z, Berninger, F, Boettger, T, Dalessandro, Cm, Esper, J, Etien, N, Filot, M, Grabner, M, Guillemin, Mt, Gutirrez, E, Haupt, M, Helle, G, Hilasvuori, E, Jungner, H, KALELA BRUNDIN, M, Krapiec, M, Leuenberger, M, Loader, Nj, MASSON DELMOTTE, V, Pazdur, A, Pawelczyk, S, Pierre, M, Planells, O, Pukiene, R, REYNOLDS HENNE, Ce, Rinne, Kt, Saracino, Antonio, Saurer, M, Sonninen, E, Stievenard, M, Switsur, Vr, Szczepanek, M, SZYCHOWSKA KRAPIEC, E, Todaro, L, Waterhouse, J, Weigl, M, Schleser, Gh, and 0 Pre-GFZ, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, d13C, 550 - Earth sciences, 01 natural sciences, Mediterranean sea, Trend surface analysis, Temperate climate, Dendrochronology, ddc:550, Precipitation, 20th century chronologies, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, tree ring, 15. Life on land, d18O, European network, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Spatial variability, Physical geography
Abstract: We present the first European network of tree ring delta(13)C and delta(18)O, containing 23 sites from Finland to Morocco. Common climate signals are found over broad climatic-ecological ranges. In temperate regions we find positive correlations with summer maximum temperatures and negative correlations with summer precipitation and Palmer Drought Severity Indices (PDSI) with no obvious speciesspecific differences. Regional delta(13)C and delta(18)O chronologies share high common variance in year-to-year variations. Long-term variations, however, exhibit differences that may reflect spatial variability in environmental forcings, age trends and/or plant physiological responses to increasing atmospheric CO(2) concentration. Rotated principal component analysis (RPCA) and climate field correlations enable the identification of four sub-regions in the delta(18)O network - northern and eastern Central Europe, Scandinavia and the western Mediterranean. Regional patterns in the delta(13)C network are less clear and are timescale dependent. Our results indicate that future reconstruction efforts should concentrate on delta(18)O data in the identified European regions.
Published: 2007

44. The GRIP deuterium-excess record

Author: Michel Stievenard, Arny E. Sveinbjörnsdottir, Sigfus J Johnsen, Françoise Vimeux, Amaelle Landais, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, U. von Grafenstein, Jean Jouzel, James W. C. White, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Centre for Ice and Climate [Copenhagen], Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Institute of Earth Sciences [Reykjavik], University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Glaciers et ressources en eau d'altitude - Indicateurs climatiques et environnementaux (GREATICE), Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), and Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Archeology, Global and Planetary Change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Snow, 01 natural sciences, Sea surface temperature, Ice core, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Interglacial, 14. Life underwater, Glacial period, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Dye 3, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica are ideal archives for retrieving long time series of deuterium-excess ( d = δ D — 8 * δ 18 O ), a parameter influenced by conditions prevailing in the oceanic regions which provide moisture for polar snow. The central Greenland GRIP deuterium-excess record has recently been interpreted in terms of oceanic source temperatures both for the Holocene and for the last glacial period, this approach being less straightforward for the latter period because of changes in the precipitation seasonality between glacial and interglacial periods. This article examines why a conventional, or sea surface temperature, interpretation of the GRIP excess record seems inconsistent with inferred site and source temperature changes. In addition, the GRIP excess record is extended back into the penultimate glacial period and we assess its geographic significance through a comparison with existing Dye 3 and North GRIP data. We examine why low δD/δ18O slopes observed during glacial times are associated with low deuterium-excess values. Similarities between the Greenland GRIP and Antarctic Vostok excess records are discussed in terms of potential links with insolation and insolation gradient changes. Finally, the isotope records in specific DO events are examined in light of intruiging differences between the isotope ratios (δD or δ18O) and the excess records that may result from a feedback mechanism linked with freshwater oceanic input.
Published: 2007

45. Rapid deuterium-excess changes in Greenland ice cores: a link between the ocean and the atmosphere

Author: Michel Stievenard, Arny E. Sveinbjörnsdottir, James W. C. White, Sigfus J Johnsen, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Jean Jouzel, Françoise Vimeux, Amaelle Landais, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Reykjavik [Islande], Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), and Institute of Arctic Alpine Research [University of Colorado Boulder] (INSTAAR)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ice stream, Antarctic sea ice, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Arctic ice pack, Ice shelf, Oceanography, Ice core, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Sea ice, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Cryosphere, 14. Life underwater, Ice sheet, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Rapid climatic changes, the rhythm of which is fully described in Greenland deep ice cores, are also very well documented in the ocean (in particular in the North Atlantic) and on the continent. At these timescales, ice cores, deep sea-cores and continental records are still difficult to precisely synchronize. From the GRIP results, we show how a multiparametric ice core study allows us to circumvent this difficulty. The co-isotopic analysis of the deuterium and oxygen-18 concentrations in ice gives access to temperature both at the site (central Greenland) and in the evaporative moisture source region (North Atlantic). Rapid changes occur more or less rapidly from one event to the next, but are generally simultaneous. Surprisingly, our results suggest that the site and source temperatures vary in antiphase. This implies a drastic reorganization of the hydrological cycle in the North Atlantic at the time of rapid changes. To cite this article: J. Jouzel et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).
Published: 2005

46. Holocene climatic changes in Greenland: Different deuterium excess signals at Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) and NorthGRIP

Author: Hubertus Fischer, Sigfus J Johnsen, Dorthe Dahl-Jensen, S. Falourd, Amaelle Landais, James W. C. White, Jean Jouzel, Valerie Masson-Delmotte, Michel Stievenard, T. Popp, A. Sveinsbjornsdottir, and O. Cattani
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, δ18O, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Ice core, Geochemistry and Petrology, Paleoclimatology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Glacial period, Holocene, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Temperature record, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Moisture advection, Geophysics, Greenland ice core project, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Geology
Abstract: [1] Water stable isotope measurements (δD and δ18O) have been conducted on the Holocene part of two deep Greenland ice cores (Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) and NorthGRIP), located ∼320 km apart. These combined measurements provide the first two continuous Greenland Holocene deuterium excess profiles (d = δD − 8δ18O), a parameter strongly influenced by changes in moisture sources. We discuss here temporal and regional fluctuations of the deuterium excess within central to north Greenland, with a mean temporal resolution of ∼4 years. Although GRIP and NorthGRIP exhibit similar annual mean surface temperatures and δ18O levels, a significant offset of modern deuterium excess is observed between the two sites. We attribute this offset to a different mix of modern moisture sources, pointing to regional-scale differences in moisture advection toward Greenland. The common long-term deuterium excess Holocene increasing trend is probably related to the increased relative contribution of low-latitude moisture to Greenland snowfall, in response to the change in the Earth obliquity, as symmetrically observed in Antarctica. Three abrupt declines punctuate the GRIP excess record (8.2, 4.5, and 0.35 ka BP), suggesting associated reorganizations of the northern high latitudes hydrological cycle. The 8.2 ka BP event is characterized by (1) a rapid cooling followed by a progressive warming and (2) a deuterium excess cooling restricted to GRIP, therefore totally different from rapid events during glacial times. By contrast, the NorthGRIP deuterium excess record is more stable. We propose that a slightly larger proportion of moisture supplied by local storm tracks to GRIP induces an isotopic compensation mechanism between simultaneous site and source temperature coolings, resulting in a rather temperature-insensitive δ18O profile, together with well-marked deuterium excess amplitudes. NorthGRIP δ18O seems less biased by isotopic processes and should provide a more reliable past temperature record.
Published: 2005

47. Reconstruction of summer droughts using tree-ring cellulose isotopes: a calibration study with living oaks from Brittany (western France)

Author: Michel Stievenard, Nathalie Bréda, J. M. Moisselin, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Jean-Luc Dupouey, G. Raffalli-Delerce, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Météo-France, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: arbre forestier, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], chemistry.chemical_element, Dendroclimatology, 010501 environmental sciences, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, cerne, chemistry.chemical_compound, CHENE PEDONCULE, dioxyde de carbone, été, Isotope fractionation, température, Dendrochronology, humidité du sol, oxygène, Relative humidity, Precipitation, isotope, Water content, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, sécheresse, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, précipitation, climat, TENDANCE, HISTOIRE, 15. Life on land, cellulose, bretagne, atmosphère, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Climatology, Carbon dioxide, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, carbone, europe, france, Carbon, quercus robur
Abstract: International audience; The aim of this study is to establish a calibration of the late wood cellulose carbon and oxygen isotopic inter-annual variability measured on four living oaks (1879-1998) in the Atlantic area (Rennes Forest, Brittany, western France) to meteorological (beginning in 1885) and hydrological (beginning in 1951) data. We find a better tree-to-tree consistency of the δ18O ratio, compared with that of the tree-to-tree variability of the ring width and the δ13C possibly affected by individual competition effects. On a century-long time scale, the δ13C ratio in the cellulose reflects the globally decreasing trend of δ13C in atmospheric CO2, which is mainly due to fossil fuel burning. In contrast with the ring width, which here shows a weak and complex dependence on meteorological parameters, the isotopic composition of the cellulose enables a reliable reconstruction (R2 > 0.45), mainly due to the δ18O signal, of selected summer climatic parameters: relative humidity, soil moisture deficit and temperature. The reconstructed parameters capture both low-frequency variations and extreme dry years (summer droughts). While both summer temperature and annual mean precipitation have a long-term increasing trend, the reconstructed water stress indicators do not show a significant trend during the 20th century. On average one summer drought occurs every seven summers, but this frequency varies in parallel to decadal changes in mean summer temperature, with fewer droughts in the 1930s and 1960s-1970s and more droughts in the 1900s, 1940s and 1990s.
Published: 2004

48. Coherent Isotope History of Andean Ice Cores over the Last Century

Author: E. ramirez, Michel Stievenard, Pierre Ribstein, Bernard Francou, Jefferson Cardia Simões, Robert J. Delmas, Hans H. Dürr, Jean-Denis Taupin, Robert Gallaire, Martin Werner, Ulrich Schotterer, Georg Hoffmann, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaciers et ressources en eau d'altitude - Indicateurs climatiques et environnementaux (GREATICE), SYSIPHE, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bern, Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie (MPI-BGC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, High resolution, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ice core, FORAGE, INTERACTION OCEAN ATMOSPHERE, ANALYSE ISOTOPIQUE, Ice caps, Precipitation, EL NINO, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, VARIATION SECULAIRE, Isotope, Effects of high altitude on humans, VARIATION INTERANNUELLE, Geophysics, CLIMAT, 13. Climate action, PRECIPITATION, CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE, General Circulation Model, Climatology, GLACIER, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Physical geography, Geology, Amazon basin
Abstract: International audience; Isotope records from Andean ice cores provide detailed and high-resolution climate information on various time scales. However, the relationship between these valuable isotope records and local or regional climate remains poorly understood. Here we present results from two new drillings in Bolivia, from the Illimani and the Sajama ice caps. All four high altitude isotope signals in the Andes now available (Huascarán, Quelccaya, Illimani and Sajama) show near identical decadal variability in the 20th century. Comparison with general circulation model results and meteorological data suggest that the Andean high altitude records are primarily controlled by precipitation variability over the Amazon basin.
Published: 2003

49. Highly deformed basal ice in the Vostok core, Antarctica

Author: Reginald Lorrain, Jean-Robert Petit, M. de Angelis, Michel Stievenard, Jean Jouzel, Jefferson Cardia Simões, Suzanne Sleewaegen, Françoise Vimeux, Nartsiss I. Barkov, Roland Souchez, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), Russian Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring (Roshydromet), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: 1827 Hydrology: Glaciology (1863), [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 4540 Oceanography: Physical: Ice mechanics and air/sea/ice exchange processes, Ice stream, 1040 Geochemistry: Isotopic composition/chemistry, Antarctic sea ice, Pressure ridge, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geophysics, Ice core, 9310 Information Related to Geographic Region: Antarctica, Pancake ice, Sea ice, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Ice divide, Ice sheet, Petrology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Geomorphology, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Our paper documents the build‐up of a highly deformed basal ice layer in the basal part of the Vostok ice core. This is done mainly on the basis of an isotopic composition investigation of the ice. Complex deformation in the lower 228 m of the ice sheet has resulted in folding and intermixing of ice at a submetric scale and, for the upper part of this basal sequence, in interbedding of ice layers from distinct origins at a larger scale. This complex deformation occurred at a temperature largely below the pressure‐melting point. The basal ice layer has built upwards and size‐selective incorporation of bed material into the ice has taken place. The documentation of this complex basal deformation has implications for the maximum age of ice that will be useful in paleoclimate studies and for ice sheet dynamics.
Published: 2002

50. A new 27 ky high resolution East Antarctic climate record

Author: Jean Jouzel, Jakob Schwander, V. Masson, Barbara Stenni, Antonio Longinelli, S. Falourd, Roland Souchez, Olivier Cattani, S. J. Johnsen, Nartsiss I. Barkov, J. P. Steffenssen, Michel Stievenard, J. R. Petit, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Department of Geological, Environmental and Marine Sciences [Trieste], Università degli studi di Trieste, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Trieste = University of Trieste, Jouzel, J., Masson, V., Cattani, O., Falourd, S., Stievenard, M., Stenni, Barbara, Longinelli, A., Johnsen, S. J., Steffensen, J. P., Petit, J. R., Schwander, J., Souchez, R., and Barkov, N. I.
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 530 Physics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, deglaciation, 01 natural sciences, Antarctic Cold Reversal, Paleontology, Ice core, Paleoclimatology, paleoclimate, Deglaciation, Glacial period, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, hydrogen isotopes, ice core, Antarctica, EPICA, geography.geographical_feature_category, European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica, hydrogen isotope, Future sea level, Geophysics, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Ice sheet, Geology
Abstract: International audience; The ice core recently drilled at the Dome Concordia site on the East Antarctic plateau provides a new high resolution isotope record covering part of the last glacial, the last transition and the Holocene. The two step shape of the deglaciation is remarkably similar for all the ice cores now available on the East Antarctic plateau. The first warming trend ends about 14000 years ago and is followed by the well marked Antarctic Cold Reversal (ACR) with a secondary peak common to all records. During the deglaciation, there are more similarities between the near coastal site of Taylor Dome and inland East Antarctica than between Taylor Dome and central Greenland. However, the results for EPICA do appear to confirm the Taylor Dome timescale after about 14 ka, showing cooling into the ACR roughly in phase between Greenland and Antarctica. While the overall deglacial pattem is asynchronous, this suggests that the now classical picture of a temperature seesaw between Antarctica and Greenland may be too simplistic. 1. Introduction Whereas numerous deep-sea, continental and ice core records covering the last deglaciation are now available [e.g. Alley and Clark, 1999], the driving mechanisms of this climatic transition are still not fully understood. Recent studies highlight the central role of the huge unstable Northern Hemisphere ice caps and their interaction with the oceanic thermohaline circulation in the North Atlantic. They also reveal that the Antarctic deglacial warming started before the sharp Greenland warming marking the onset of the B611ing and was interrupted by the so-called Antarctic Cold Reversal [hereafter ACR; Jouzel et al., 1995].
Published: 2001

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