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Naveen Chandra, Akihiko Ito, Philippe Ciais, Peter A. Raymond, Jurek Müller, Ann R. Stavert, Joe R. Melton, Marielle Saunois, Phillipe Bousquet, Adrian Gustafson, Yosuke Niwa, Robert B. Jackson, Shushi Peng, Qianlai Zhuang, Hanqin Tian, Aki Tsuruta, George H. Allen, Benjamin Poulter, Joe McNorton, Bo Zheng, Yi Yin, Prabir K. Patra, Thomas Kleinen, Pierre Regnier, Peter Bergamaschi, Ronny Lauerwald, Shamil Maksyutov, Misa Ishizawa, Arjo Segers, William J. Riley, Josep G. Canadell, Zhen Zhang, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), This paper is the result of a collaborative international effort under the umbrella of the Global Carbon Project, a Global Research Project of Future Earth and a research partner of the World Climate Research Programme. We acknowledge primary support for the methane budget from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through Grant GBMF5439 'Advancing Understanding of the Global Methane Cycle' to Stanford University (P.I. Rob Jackson, co- P.I.s Philippe Bousquet, Marielle Saunois, Josep Canadell, Gustaf Hugelius, and Ben Poulter). Josep Canadell acknowledges the support of the Australian National Environmental Science Program – Earth Systems and Climate Change. Prabir K Patra and Neveen Chandra acknowledge support from Environment Research and Technology Development Funds of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan (JPMEERF20182002, JPMEERF20172001). Jurek Müller thanks for support by the Swiss National Science Foundation (#200020_172476). Peter Bergamaschi acknowledges the support of ECMWF providing computing resources under the special project 'Improve European and global CH4 and N2O flux inversions (2018-2020)'. Pierre Regnier acknowledges the support from the VERIFY project under European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program grant agree-ment no. 776810. The TM5-CAMS inversions are available from https://atmos phere.copernicus.eu, Arjo Segers acknowledges the support from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service, implemented by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts on be-half of the European Commission (grant no. CAMS73). William Riley acknowledges support by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Biological and Environmental Research, Regional and Global Climate Modeling Program through the RUBISCO Scientific Focus Area under contract DE-AC02- 05CH11231 to Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The authors gratefully acknowledge those re-sponsible for the global network of atmospheric observations used in this study including Donald R Blake and Isobel Simpson, University of California Irvine, USA, Gordon Brailsford, NIWA, Cyril Crevosier, LMD, France, New Zealand, Paul Krummel and Ray Langenfelds, CSIRO, Australia, Toshinobu Machida, Yasunori Tohjima and Yukio Yoshida, NIES, Japan, Ronald Prinn, MIT, USA, Simon O’Doherty, University of Bristol, UK, Michel Ramonet, LSCE-IPSL, France, Atsushi Takizawa, JMA, Japan, Ray Weiss, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, USA and Doug Worthy, Environment Canada, Canada. We would also like to thank Lena Höglund-Isaksson, IIASA, Austria, Greet Janssens- Maenhout EC-JRC, Italy and Steven Smith, PNNL-JGCR, USA for their assistance with the anthropogenic inventory data. The authors also acknowledge the significant contribution of Goulven G. Laruelle, Department Geoscience, Environment & Society, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium who, with P. Regnier, developed the re-gionally distributed estuarine flux data set., and European Project: 776810,H2020,H2020-SC5-2017-OneStageB,VERIFY(2018)