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1. The Genus Chaetogaster Baer, 1827 (Annelida, Clitellata) in Switzerland: A First Step toward Cataloguing Its Molecular Diversity and Description of New Species on a DNA Sequence Basis

Author: Régis Vivien, Michel Lafont, Colin Issartel, Benoît J. D. Ferrari, and Patrick Martin
Subjects: aquatic oligochaetes, Naidinae, cryptic diversity, molecular systematics, genetic lineages, species delimitation, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: The genus Chaetogaster belongs to the subfamily Naidinae (Naididae); it includes mostly species of small size and is diverse and abundant in surface coarse sediments in streams. The aim of the present study is to initiate an inventory of lineages (=species) of Chaetogaster in Switzerland. We used 135 specimens collected at 6 sites in 4 streams of 4 cantons. We sequenced the cytochrome c oxidase (COI) gene from all specimens and ITS2 and rDNA 28S from all or several specimens of each lineage that was delimited using COI data, and preserved, for morphological identifications, the anterior part of almost all sequenced specimens. We were able to delimit, based on the calculation of genetic distances and analyses of single-locus data, one lineage for Chaetogaster diaphanus (Gruithuisen, 1828), three within Chaetogaster diastrophus (Gruithuisen, 1828), one for Chaetogaster langi Brestcher, 1896, one for Chaetogaster setosus Svetlov, 1925, and three unidentified Chaetogaster spp. Two lineages of Chaetogaster spp. could correspond to a new morphological group, but this should be confirmed in more specimens. We proposed a new identification key of the nominal species and described the three C. diastrophus lineages and two Chaetogaster spp. as new species. The prospects of the present work are to complete the data of the molecular diversity of this genus in Switzerland and to describe the newly found Chaetogaster species on a molecular/morphological basis.
Published: 2024
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2. Toxicity of sediments in eight urban stormwater management ponds: bioassessment by oligochaete community metrics used in the sediment quality triad

Author: Guillaume Tixier, Quintin Rochfort, Lee Grapentine, Jiri Marsalek, Michel Lafont, and Régis Vivien
Subjects: benthos, oligochaete, sediment quality, sediment toxicity, stormwater pond management, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066
Abstract: Implemented for decades as part of the ‘best management practices (BMPs)’ for controlling urban runoff impacts on receiving waters, stormwater management ponds (SMPs) have been increasingly viewed as potential habitats for urban wildlife. However, since SMPs are subject to a lot of environmental constraints, research toward assessing their ecological quality and their actual benefits as habitats for biota is needed. In this study, the sediment toxicity of eight SMPs located in Southern Ontario, Canada was assessed using the sediment quality triad (SQT) approach. Sediment samples were collected for chemical, ecotoxicological and biological analyses. An oligochaete-based index approach (Oligochaete Index of Lake Bioindication and percentage of pollution-sensitive species) was used as the biological endpoint and integrated into a weight-of-evidence approach to assessing the general sediment quality of the ponds. Our results showed that (i) heavy metals in the sediment and (ii) chloride concentrations in the sediment interstitial water caused detrimental effects on the ecological quality of the sediments in the ponds studied. The oligochaete indices applied in this study showed value as biological endpoints to be integrated into the SQT and used for setting up sediment ecological quality goals. HIGHLIGHTS An oligochaete-based index approach was used as a line of evidence in the SQT to assess the ecological quality of eight stormwater ponds in Southern Ontario.; High concentrations of chloride in pore water and of heavy metals in the sediment matrix were linked to detrimental effects.; The oligochaete-based index approach was used to set up ecological quality goals for stormwater pond sediment.;
Published: 2023
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3. Data quality control considerations in multivariate environmental monitoring: experience of the French coastal network SOMLIT

Author: Elsa Breton, Nicolas Savoye, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Benoit Sautour, Eric Goberville, Arnaud Lheureux, Thierry Cariou, Sophie Ferreira, Hélène Agogué, Samir Alliouane, Fabien Aubert, Sébastien Aubin, Eric Berthebaud, Hadrien Blayac, Lucie Blondel, Cédric Boulart, Yann Bozec, Sarah Bureau, Arnaud Caillo, Arnaud Cauvin, Jean-Baptiste Cazes, Léo Chasselin, Pascal Claquin, Pascal Conan, Marie-Ange Cordier, Laurence Costes, Romain Crec’hriou, Olivier Crispi, Muriel Crouvoisier, Valérie David, Yolanda Del Amo, Hortense De Lary, Gaspard Delebecq, Jeremy Devesa, Aurélien Domeau, Maria Durozier, Claire Emery, Eric Feunteun, Juliette Fauchot, Valérie Gentilhomme, Sandrine Geslin, Mélanie Giraud, Karine Grangeré, Gerald Grégori, Emilie Grossteffan, Aurore Gueux, Julien Guillaudeau, Gael Guillou, Manon Harrewyn, Orianne Jolly, Florence Jude-Lemeilleur, Paul Labatut, Nathalie Labourdette, Nicolas Lachaussée, Michel Lafont, Veronique Lagadec, Christophe Lambert, Jezebel Lamoureux, Laurent Lanceleur, Benoit Lebreton, Eric Lecuyer, David Lemeille, Yann Leredde, Cédric Leroux, Aude Leynaert, Stéphane L’Helguen, Camilla Liénart, Eric Macé, Eric Maria, Barbara Marie, Dominique Marie, Sébastien Mas, Fabrice Mendes, Line Mornet, Behzad Mostajir, Laure Mousseau, Antoine Nowaczyk, Sandra Nunige, René Parra, Thomas Paulin, David Pecqueur, Franck Petit, Philippe Pineau, Patrick Raimbault, Fabienne Rigaut-Jalabert, Christophe Salmeron, Ian Salter, Pierre-Guy Sauriau, Laurent Seuront, Emmanuelle Sultan, Rémi Valdès, Vincent Vantrepotte, Francesca Vidussi, Florian Voron, Renaud Vuillemin, Laurent. Zudaire, and Nicole Garcia
Subjects: environmental monitoring network, data quality control, inter-laboratory comparison exercises, measurement uncertainty, analyst performance, multivariate dataset, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract: IntroductionWhile crucial to ensuring the production of accurate and high-quality data—and to avoid erroneous conclusions—data quality control (QC) in environmental monitoring datasets is still poorly documented.MethodsWith a focus on annual inter-laboratory comparison (ILC) exercises performed in the context of the French coastal monitoring SOMLIT network, we share here a pragmatic approach to QC, which allows the calculation of systematic and random errors, measurement uncertainty, and individual performance. After an overview of the different QC actions applied to fulfill requirements for quality and competence, we report equipment, accommodation, design of the ILC exercises, and statistical methodology specially adapted to small environmental networks (
Published: 2023
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4. The Foreign Oligochaete Species Quistadrilus multisetosus (Smith, 1900) in Lake Geneva: Morphological and Molecular Characterization and Environmental Influences on Its Distribution

Author: Régis Vivien, Michel Lafont, Brigitte Lods-Crozet, Maria Holzmann, Laure Apothéloz-Perret-Gentil, Yaniss Guigoz, and Benoit J. D. Ferrari
Subjects: oligochaete, Quistadrilus multisetosus, Lake Geneva, repartition, ecology, invasive potential, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: The presence of the oligochaete species Quistadrilus multisetosus (Smith, 1900) originating from North America has been mentioned for several decades in Europe, the Middle East and Russia. Its distribution and abundance in Europe is still unknown but it can be considered as potentially invasive. This species was recently discovered in Lake Geneva (Switzerland/France) and three other Swiss lakes. The aims of the present work are to report its repartition and abundance in Lake Geneva, to study its ecology and to determine its invasive potential in this lake. We also provide an identification key for correctly differentiating Q. multisetosus from the closely related species Spirosperma ferox Eisen, 1879 and Embolocephalus velutinus (Grube, 1879), and study the phylogenetic position of Q. multisetosus within several Tubificinae lineages based on the cytochrome c oxidase (COI) marker. Twenty-eight sites have been monitored since 2009 in Lake Geneva. In several sites, the COI sequence corresponding to this species was also searched for in sediment samples using high-throughput sequencing. In addition, we examined specimens collected in this lake before 2009 likely to belong to Q. multisetosus and to have been misidentified. We found that Q. multisetosus was only present in the lake downstream of a wastewater treatment plant and a combined sewer overflow in the Vidy Bay (near Lausanne) and at a site located nearby. These results confirmed the high tolerance of this species to organic matter pollution. Q. multisetosus was already present in this location in 1974 (misidentified as Spirosperma ferox), which suggests that Q. multisetosus has a limited capacity to disseminate in this lake. However, we recommend continuing monitoring its presence in Lake Geneva in the future, especially in the context of warming of waters that could contribute to the expansion of this species.
Published: 2020
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5. Erratum: Vivien, R.; Casado-Martínez, C.; Lafont, M.; Ferrari, B.J. Effect Thresholds of Metals in Stream Sediments Based on In Situ Oligochaete Communities. Environments 2020, 7, 31

Author: Régis Vivien, Carmen Casado-Martínez, Michel Lafont, and Benoit J.D. Ferrari
Subjects: n/a, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066
Abstract: The authors would like to correct the published article [...]
Published: 2020
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6. Effect Thresholds of Metals in Stream Sediments Based on In Situ Oligochaete Communities

Author: Régis Vivien, Carmen Casado-Martínez, Michel Lafont, and Benoit J.D. Ferrari
Subjects: bioindication, oligochaetes, streams, fine/sandy sediment, metals, effect thresholds, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066
Abstract: Aquatic oligochaetes, comprising a large number of species showing various degrees of resistance to chemical pollution, are recognized as valuable bioindicators of sediments’ quality. In the Geneva area (Switzerland), oligochaete tools were previously tested for assessing the biological quality of stream sediments, and effect thresholds of combined metals (quotients) in sediments were defined. The aims of the present study were to update this previous work with new data acquired in different cantons of Switzerland and to establish effect thresholds on oligochaete communities for individual metals and for combined metals. The oligochaete metrics “Oligochaete index of sediment bioindication (IOBS)”, “oligochaete density” and “percentage of tubificids without hair setae” proved pertinent for assessing the effects of metals and organic matter in sediments. We established a threshold effect level (TELoligo) and probable effect level (PELoligo) for eight metals in sediments (Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As) as well as a probable effect level for these metals combined (mPELoligo-Q). These thresholds could be used directly to screen for alteration of in situ communities restricted to sediments and/or for establishing sediment quality standards based on a combination of different biological and ecotoxicological tools.
Published: 2020
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7. Cytochrome c oxidase barcodes for aquatic oligochaete identification: development of a Swiss reference database

Author: Régis Vivien, Maria Holzmann, Inge Werner, Jan Pawlowski, Michel Lafont, and Benoit J.D. Ferrari
Subjects: DNA barcoding, Aquatic oligochaetes, Genetic diversity, Biomonitoring, Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Introduction Aquatic oligochaetes represent valuable indicators of the quality of sediments of watercourses and lakes, but their difficult identification based on morphological criteria compromises their more common use for eco-diagnostic analyses. This issue could be overcome by using DNA barcodes for species identification. A 10% threshold of cytochrome c oxidase (COI) divergence was proposed for differentiating between oligochaete species based on molecular and morphological data. A Swiss database of COI sequences of aquatic oligochaetes was initiated in 2012. The aim of this study is to complement the Swiss oligochaete database of COI sequences and to confirm the relevance of this threshold for species delimitation. Methods We sequenced the COI sequence of 216 specimens collected in different regions of Switzerland and ITS2 region of some lineages whose delimitation with COI data was doubtful. Results We distinguished 53 lineages, among which 34 were new for Switzerland and 17 sequenced for the first time. All the lineages were separated by more than 10% of COI variation, with the exception of some species within Nais and Uncinais. In these two genera, the threshold was lowered to 8% to be congruent with the morphological analysis. The total number of lineages reported so far for Switzerland is 75, including 59 morphospecies or unidentified species and 16 cryptic species. Discussion Our study shows that the threshold of 10% of COI divergence is generally appropriate to distinguish aquatic oligochaete lineages, but that it must be adjusted for some species. The database reported here will be complemented in the future in parallel to the development of genetic oligochaete indices.
Published: 2017
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8. Molecular barcoding of aquatic oligochaetes: implications for biomonitoring.

Author: Régis Vivien, Sofia Wyler, Michel Lafont, and Jan Pawlowski
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Aquatic oligochaetes are well recognized bioindicators of quality of sediments and water in watercourses and lakes. However, the difficult taxonomic determination based on morphological features compromises their more common use in eco-diagnostic analyses. To overcome this limitation, we investigated molecular barcodes as identification tool for broad range of taxa of aquatic oligochaetes. We report 185 COI and 52 ITS2 rDNA sequences for specimens collected in Switzerland and belonging to the families Naididae, Lumbriculidae, Enchytraeidae and Lumbricidae. Phylogenetic analyses allowed distinguishing 41 lineages separated by more than 10 % divergence in COI sequences. The lineage distinction was confirmed by Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) method and by ITS2 data. Our results showed that morphological identification underestimates the oligochaete diversity. Only 26 of the lineages could be assigned to morphospecies, of which seven were sequenced for the first time. Several cryptic species were detected within common morphospecies. Many juvenile specimens that could not be assigned morphologically have found their home after genetic analysis. Our study showed that COI barcodes performed very well as species identifiers in aquatic oligochaetes. Their easy amplification and good taxonomic resolution might help promoting aquatic oligochaetes as bioindicators for next generation environmental DNA biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems.
Published: 2015
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9. A conceptual approach to the biomonitoring of freshwater: the Ecological Ambience System

Author: Michel LAFONT
Subjects: Ecology, freshwater, biomonitoring, harmonization, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Physical geography, GB3-5030, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: The concept of ecological ambience (Ecological Ambience System, EASY) is based on the idea that biocenoses (BIO) are not only related to the input of organic and mineral substances (IN) but also to the way they are stored and processed by the ecosystem. Storage, assimilation and self-purification processes ("ecosystem defences": ED) are likely to vary among the different functional units (FUs) of the ecosystem. The functional units have been defined on the basis of a simple physical description of sites in an ecosystem, because the physical structure of these units is considered as being of prime importance in the ED processes. For example, mineral and organic substances may be preferentially stored in fine-sediment units, whereas the mineralization rate of organic matter is more likely to be highest in coarse permeable sediments. If the stream ecosystem is viewed as a mosaic, its overall ecological defences will depend upon: 1) the self-purification capacity of the different functional units; 2) their relative proportion within the ecosystem. The EASY concept is now used for ecological researches and also has several applications in the biomonitoring of running waters, illustrated by the study of the River Dore. Biological compartments, specific for each functional unit, are related to operational bio-indicators to build up a global harmonisation system for biomonitoring indices. Four main biological compartments were defined with their related bio-indicators: 1) general biological quality (IBGN biotic index), 2) biological sediment quality (IOBS oligochaete index), 3) biological water quality (diatom index IBD) and 4) biological fish quality (study of fish communities). The selected bio-indicators were adjusted to an ecological classification model (Typic concept). A weighting system of the general ecological quality at a site based on the percentage cover of fine sediments is proposed. This approach can be developed using several other compartments. Major difficulties and potential improvements are discussed.
Published: 2001
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10. Drivers of Functional Diversity in the Hyporheic Zone of a Large River

Author: Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Michel Creuzé des Châtelliers, Diana M.P. Galassi, Michel Lafont, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Frederic Paran, Didier Graillot, Shishir Gaur, Pierre Marmonier, Équipe 3 - Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains (E3S), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of L'Aquila [Italy] (UNIVAQ), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology [BHU Varanasi] (IIT BHU), Université Claude Bernard Lyon1- ENTPE, UMR5023 LEHNA, University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, and Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) - Department of Civil Engineering
Subjects: History, Environmental Engineering, Dams, Geomorphology, Hydrogeology, Hyporheos, River incision, Stygobites, Biodiversity, Hydrology, Water Movements, Groundwater, Rivers, Polymers and Plastics, stygobites, geomorphology, dams, Pollution, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, hydrogeology, river incision, Environmental Chemistry, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Business and International Management, Waste Management and Disposal
Abstract: International audience; The effects of regional (hydrogeology and geomorphology) and local (sediment and hydrology) characteristics on hyporheic assemblages were studied along a 40-km reach of a large gravel-bed river. Hyporheic water and fauna were sampled at the upstream and downstream positions of 15 large gravel bars. The resulting 30 stations varied in their sediment grain size, stability and direction of river-aquifer exchanges. The study concludes that at the 40-km (sector) scale, the longitudinal distribution of hyporheic fauna was controlled by 1) the hydrogeology of the valley (i.e. gaining vs loosing sectors) that modifies abundance and taxonomic richness of stygobites 2) current channel morphometry of the river (i.e. shape and location of meanders), and 3) historical changes (i.e. river incision) which modify abundance and richness of assemblages. At the local scale, we found that surface grain size and stability of the sediment evaluated by visual observation were poor predictors of hyporheos composition. In contrast, the local hydrology (i.e. downwellings, upwellings, low vertical exchanges) explained a large part of the abundance, taxonomic richness and composition of the hyporheic assemblages. Stations with low vertical exchanges were found poorly colonized, while the upwelling zones were rich in stygobites and downwelling areas harbor abundant and species-rich temporary hyporheos. It was also observed that functional diversity was controlled by the same parameters, with high relative abundances of stygobites in upwelling zones and POM feeders in downwelling zones. The heterogeneity of hydrological patterns, with alternation of upwellings and downwellings may represent the optimal spatial structure for biodiversity conservation and resilience in rivers.
Published: 2022

11. Are hyporheic oligochaetes efficient indicators of hydrological exchanges in river bed sediment? A test in a semi‐natural and a regulated river

Author: Marie-José Dole-Olivier, Sylvain Dolédec, Michel Creuzé des Châtelliers, Michel Lafont, Lara Konecny, Pierre Marmonier, Équipe 3 - Écologie, Évolution, Écosystemes Souterrains (E3S), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe 1 - Biodiversité et Adaptation dans les Hydrosystèmes (BAH), and Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Spatial distribution, 01 natural sciences, braided river, hyporheic zone, meandering river, Environmental Chemistry, Hyporheic zone, General Environmental Science, Water Science and Technology, Invertebrate, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ecological indicator, Sediment, aquatic oligochaeta, 15. Life on land, invertebrates, biology.organism_classification, 020801 environmental engineering, Ecological indicator, Chaetogaster, Spatial ecology, Upwelling, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; River-groundwater exchanges are crucial for several ecological processes, but diffi- cult to localize. Hyporheic oligochaetes may represent efficient biological indicators of these exchanges, but hydrological disturbance may alter oligochaete distribution and blur the spatial patterns of river-groundwater exchanges. Oligochaete assem- blages were compared in the Drôme River, which is a semi-natural braided river with an unmodified discharge, and the Ain River, which has reduced sediment mobility and hydropeaking due to several upstream dams. In the semi-natural river, the oligo- chaete distribution was mostly controlled by the origin of the water: some stygoxene species (e.g., Chaetogaster spp. and Vejdovskyella intermedia) were restricted to or more abundant in downwellings, whereas a set of stygophiles (e.g., Stylodrilus sp. and Cernovitoviella sp.) and stygobites (e.g., Aberrantidrilus cuspis) were present or more abundant only in upwellings. Species living in fine sediment (e.g., Potamothrix sp. and Tubifex sp.) also occurred in upwellings due to their location at the border of the braided strip. Conversely, in the regulated river, oligochaete assemblages were abun- dant and diversified, with species living in fine sediment being dominant in the par- tially clogged stations. The spatial distribution of most species did not follow typical surface-hyporheic exchange patterns: most stygophiles (e.g., Proppapus volki and Mar- ionina argentea) and some stygobites (e.g., Haber turquini) were found in both upwell- ings and downwellings or even at stations without water exchanges (e.g., Rhyacodrilus balmensis). In rivers subjected to hydrological disturbance and hydropeaking, oligochaetes became poor indicators of river-groundwater exchanges.
Published: 2020

12. A new approch for measuring ocean vertical velocities

Author: Roxanne Tzortzis, Caroline Comby, Stéphanie Barrillon, Michel Lafont, Chistian Grenz, Jean-Luc Fuda, Melilotus Thyssen, Denis Malengros, Gérald Grégori, Anne Petrenko, Andrea Doglioli, Dorian Guillemain, and Nagib Bhairy
Abstract: Compared to horizontal components, the vertical components of ocean currents are generally very weak (a few mm/s) in all oceanic regions of the world. Due to their major role in the vertical distribution of physical and biogeochemical properties of sea water, their extended knowledge is of utmost importance for oceanographers. However, their in-situ measurement represents a real technical challenge, even using sophisticated instruments such as ADCPs.As a complement to the ADCP method presented in another session (Comby et al.), we have developed an original alternative instrument, called the VVP (Vertical Velocity Profiler). It was inspired by several published works which exploit the difference between the real vertical speed Wr of a submarine glider (~dP/dt, from the onboard pressure sensor) and its theoretical vertical speed Wth extracted from a flight model. The oceanic vertical speed Woc is thus expressed by the simple difference Woc = Wr - Wth at any point in the water column.The very first prototype of the VVP consisted of a float and a friction disc, ballasted to sink at a very low speed (~ 0.1 m / s) and dragged down to the desired depth by a dead-weight which was automatically released after a suitable delay. The release system was developped in-house (patent filled in March 2020), based on a textured insert trapped in a volume of ice melting at controlled speed. Since then, the concept of the profiler has evolved considerably. The last design uses an electric thruster that drives the profiler down to a predefined setpoint depth. Once the depth is reached, the thruster is stopped and the profiler then rises slowly (~0.1 m/s) to the surface under the sole effect of its slightly positive buoyancy. The mechanical balance between buoyancy and hydrodynamic drag results in a constant vertical speed of ascent in water at rest. Any deviation from this constant speed is then interpreted as an oceanic vertical velocity signal. This new design allows a very large number of consecutive profiles to be collected, the number of descent-ascent cycles and the setpoint depth being programmed and controlled using an ARDUINO microcontroller board. The selected Li-Io battery allows for several hours of continuous profiling. When on surface, the profiler is currently located by a commercial GPS tracker integrated into the electronic case. The vertical velocity of the profiler is accurately measured at high frequency (2Hz) thanks to the fast-response pressure sensor of the onboard RBR-CONCERTO autonomous CTD, which also measures the sea water density involved in drag and buoyancy.Trials both in deep pool and in the field are scheduled in spring 2021 in order to refine the prototype design and to definitely set the flight model parameters. This development benefits from CNES (Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales) financial support in the framework of the BIOSWOT international program.
Published: 2021

13. Erratum: Vivien, R.; Casado-Martínez, C.; Lafont, M.; Ferrari, B.J. Effect Thresholds of Metals in Stream Sediments Based on In Situ Oligochaete Communities. Environments 2020, 7, 31

Author: Carmen Casado-Martinez, Benoît J.D. Ferrari, Michel Lafont, and Régis Vivien
Subjects: In situ, Oceanography, n/a, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Environmental science, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, lcsh:TD1-1066, General Environmental Science
Abstract: The authors would like to correct the published article [...]
Published: 2020

14. Temporal variability of the carbonate system and air-sea CO 2 exchanges in a Mediterranean human-impacted coastal site

Author: Frédéric Diaz, Nicole Garcia, Irène Xueref-Remy, Christel Pinazo, Pierre Marrec, Thibaut Wagener, Pierre-Eric Blanc, Alexandre Armengaud, Fabrice Garcia, Dominique Lefèvre, Patrick Raimbault, Katixa Lajaunie-Salla, Véronique Lagadec, Christophe Yohia, Cathy Wimart-Rousseau, Michel Lafont, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pythéas (OSU PYTHEAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Regional Network for Air Quality Monitoring, Atmo-PACA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Sink (geography), chemistry.chemical_compound, Mediterranean sea, 14. Life underwater, Bay of Marseille, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Coastal biogeochemistry, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Salinity, CO2 fluxes, chemistry, 13. Climate action, North Western Mediterranean Sea, Carbonate, Environmental science, Seawater, Carbonate system, Surface water, Bay
Abstract: International audience; The temporal evolution of the carbonate system and air-sea CO 2 fluxes are investigated for the first time in the Bay of Marseille (BoM-North Western Mediterranean Sea), a coastal system affected by anthropogenic forcing from the Marseille metropolis. This study presents a two-year time-series (between 2016 and 2018) of fortnightly measurements of A T , C T, pH and derived seawater carbonate parameters at the SOLEMIO station. On this land-ocean boundary area, no linear relationship between A T and salinity in surface water is observed due to sporadic intrusions of freshwater coming from the Rhone River. On an annual scale, the BoM acts as a sink of atmospheric CO 2. This result is consistent with previous studies in the Mediterranean Sea. Mean daily air-sea CO 2 fluxes range between −0.8 mmol C.m −2 .d −1 and-2.2 mmol C.m −2 .d −1 during the study period, depending on the atmospheric CO 2 sampling site used for the estimates. This study shows that the pCO 2 in the surface water is predominantly driven by temperature changes, even if partially counterbalanced by biological activity. Therefore, temperature is the main contributor to the air-sea CO 2 exchange variability. Mean daily Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) estimates from C T budget shows an ecosystem in which autotrophic processes are associated with a sink of CO 2. Despite some negative NEP values, the observed air-sea CO 2 fluxes in the BoM are negative, suggesting that thermodynamic processes are the predominant drivers for these fluxes.
Published: 2020

15. Bottom-up processes control benthic macroinvertebrate communities and food web structure of fishless artificial wetlands

Author: Ross Vander Vorste, Laurent Simon, Damien Lemoine, Pierre Marmonier, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Michel Lafont, Laurence Volatier, Mélissa Tenaille, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin, Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Urban Community of Lyon (Grand Lyon La Metropole) Veolia Water (Eau du Grand Lyon)French National Research Agency (ANR)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Algae, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Functional feeding groups, Benthic food webs, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Trophic cascade, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Trophic level, Biomass (ecology), Detritus, Bacteria, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, Invertebrates, Food web, Benthic biofilm, Productivity (ecology), 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Environmental science, Trophic relationships, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; In freshwater environments, the relative contributions of top-down and bottom-up effects on invertebrate communities in relation to productivity are largely ecosystem dependent. Artificial wetlands are increasingly developed to compensate for the loss of natural wetlands; however, their trophic processes remain poorly studied. The present study aimed to evaluate the respective contributions of bottom-up and top-down processes in structuring benthic food webs of three artificial wetlands with varying levels of benthic primary productivity. We found that phototrophic-based food webs in our artificial wetlands were controlled from the bottom-up by primary productivity and algal biomass developing at the water-sediment interface. No significant top-down control of herbivore species by invertebrate predators was detected even in the wetland with the highest productivity. Increased richness of invertebrate grazers and scrapers with benthic primary productivity and algal biomass might have dampened the trophic cascade from predators to primary producers. In contrast with the phototrophic-based food web, analyses performed on the detritus-based food web showed that deposit-feeder invertebrate abundance was not correlated with the quantity of organic matter in sediments, suggesting no bottom-up effect of sedimentary organic matter content on deposit-feeders. More surprisingly, deposit-feeders, especially aquatic oligochaetes, seemed to influence the detritus-based food webs by stimulating organic matter processing and bacterial growth through bioturbation. The present study highlights the occurrence of contrasting trophic processes between phototrophic-based and detritus-based food webs which can have implications on ecosystem functions, such as nutrient cycling and energy fluxes
Published: 2020

16. High-throughput DNA barcoding of oligochaetes for abundance-based indices to assess the biological quality of sediments in streams and lakes

Author: Jan Pawlowski, Laure Apothéloz-Perret-Gentil, Benoît J.D. Ferrari, Régis Lionel Vivien, Inge Werner, Michel Lafont, Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Department of Genetics and Evolution, University of Geneva, University of Geneva, ID-GENE Ecodiagnostics, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences (IO-PAN), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Geologic Sediments, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Molecular biology, lcsh:Medicine, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, DNA barcoding, ddc:590, Abundance (ecology), Biomonitoring, Molecular index, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, High-throughput sequencing, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, General Engineering, Streams, Identification (biology), Taxonomy (biology), Oligochaetes, Environmental Monitoring, STREAMS, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, DNA sequencing, Article, Sediments, 03 medical and health sciences, Species level, Rivers, Genetics, Animals, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Ecosystem, Oligochaeta, Relative species abundance, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Biological quality, lcsh:R, Species diversity, Environmental sciences, Lakes, 030104 developmental biology, Sentinel Species, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Animal Distribution, Zoology
Abstract: Aquatic oligochaete communities are valuable indicators of the biological quality of sediments in streams and lakes, but identification of specimens to the species level based on morphological features requires solid expertise in taxonomy and is possible only for a fraction of specimens present in a sample. The identification of aquatic oligochaetes using DNA barcodes would facilitate their use in biomonitoring and allow a wider use of this taxonomic group for ecological diagnoses. Previous approaches based on DNA metabarcoding of samples composed of total sediments or pools of specimens have been proposed for assessing the biological quality of ecosystems, but such methods do not provide precise information on species abundance, which limits the value of resulting ecological diagnoses. Here, we tested how a DNA barcoding approach based on high-throughput sequencing of sorted and genetically tagged specimens performed to assess oligochaete species diversity and abundance and the biological quality of sediments in streams and lakes. We applied both molecular and morphological approaches at 13 sites in Swiss streams and at 7 sites in Lake Geneva. We genetically identified 33 or 66 specimens per site. For both approaches, we used the same index calculations. We found that the ecological diagnoses derived from the genetic approach matched well with those of the morphological approach and that the genetic identification of only 33 specimens per site provided enough ecological information for correctly estimating the biological quality of sediments in streams and lakes.
Published: 2019

17. Effect Thresholds of Metals in Stream Sediments Based on In Situ Oligochaete Communities

Author: Michel Lafont, Carmen Casado-Martinez, Benoît J.D. Ferrari, Régis Lionel Vivien, Ctr Ecotox Eawag, EPFL ENAC IIE GE, Stn 2, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and European Commission Swiss Federal grant in the framework of the European Cross-Border Cooperation Program (Interreg France-Switzerland)
Subjects: In situ, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, oligochaetes, metals, STREAMS, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, Threshold effect, Organic matter, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, chemistry.chemical_classification, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Sediment, Chemical pollution, streams, bioindication, fine/sandy sediment, chemistry, effect thresholds, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bioindicator
Abstract: Aquatic oligochaetes, comprising a large number of species showing various degrees of resistance to chemical pollution, are recognized as valuable bioindicators of sediments&rsquo, quality. In the Geneva area (Switzerland), oligochaete tools were previously tested for assessing the biological quality of stream sediments, and effect thresholds of combined metals (quotients) in sediments were defined. The aims of the present study were to update this previous work with new data acquired in different cantons of Switzerland and to establish effect thresholds on oligochaete communities for individual metals and for combined metals. The oligochaete metrics &ldquo, Oligochaete index of sediment bioindication (IOBS)&rdquo, &ldquo, oligochaete density&rdquo, and &ldquo, percentage of tubificids without hair setae&rdquo, proved pertinent for assessing the effects of metals and organic matter in sediments. We established a threshold effect level (TELoligo) and probable effect level (PELoligo) for eight metals in sediments (Cr, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Hg and As) as well as a probable effect level for these metals combined (mPELoligo-Q). These thresholds could be used directly to screen for alteration of in situ communities restricted to sediments and/or for establishing sediment quality standards based on a combination of different biological and ecotoxicological tools.
Published: 2020

18. Dynamics of particulate organic matter composition in coastal systems: Forcing of spatio-temporal variability at multi-systems scale

Author: Philippe Pineau, Aurore Gueux, Martine Bréret, Sophie Ferreira, Muriel Crouvoisier, Cédric Leroux, Pascal Claquin, Francois Dindinaud, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Camilla Liénart, Elsa Breton, Gaël Guillou, Pascal Conan, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Patrick Raimbault, Franck Petit, Béatrice Lauga, Emilie Grossteffan, Nicolas Susperregui, Michel Lafont, Paco Rodriguez Tress, Véronique Lagadec, Emmanuelle Sultan, Eric Maria, Pierre-Guy Sauriau, Yann Bozec, Julien Guillaudeau, Jézabel Lamoureux, Sandrine Geslin, Fabien Aubert, Orianne Jolly, Anne-Marie Corre, Nicolas Savoye, Maïa Durozier, Laurence Costes, Eric Feunteun, Sabrina Bichon, Stéphane L'Helguen, Eric Macé, Benoit Lebreton, Nicolas Lachaussée, Christophe Boinet, Valérie David, Vincent Marieu, Laure Mousseau, Jocelyne Caparros, Hervé Derriennic, Yolanda Del Amo, Vanessa Rouaud, Jean-Paul Lehodey, Sébastien Aubin, Robert Duran, Thierry Cariou, Nicole Garcia, Line Bourasseau, Pierre Ramond, Vincent Hanquiez, Eric Lecuyer, Jérémy Devesa, Antoine Nowaczyk, UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamiques de l'Environnement Côtier (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Centre De Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO), Station marine Dinard, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHImie Marine (CHIM), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeuro), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie et de biogéochimie (LOB), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherches en environnement côtier (CREC), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Institut des Milieux Aquatiques, PERMALA-LIGA, funded by the Aquitaine Regional Council, EC2CO-DRIL MOSLIT, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Dynamiques des Écosystèmes Côtiers (DYNECO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeur0), Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Evolution des Systèmes Naturels et Modifiés (LESNM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre de recherche et d'enseignement des systèmes côtiers (CRESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), UMS 3113, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO), Qualité des eaux et prévention des pollutions (UR QELY), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Station Marine, Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-PRES Université Lille Nord de France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Universités, Centre d'Analyse et d'Intervention Sociologiques (CADIS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EMBIO, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire Biens, Normes, Contrats (LBNC), Avignon Université (AU), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental forcing, Forcing (mathematics), Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Water column, Particulate organic matter, Phytoplankton, medicine, Coastal systems, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Trophic level, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Geology, Estuary, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Meta-analysis, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Sedimentary rock, France, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; In costal systems, particulate organic matter (POM) results from a multiplicity of sources having their respective dynamics in terms of production, decomposition, transport and burial. The POM pool experiences thus considerable spatial and temporal variability. In order to better understand this variability, the present study employs statistical multivariate analyses to investigate links between POM composition and environmental forcings for a panel of twelve coastal systems distributed along the three maritime regions of France and monitored weekly to monthly for 1 to 8 years.At multi-system scale, two main gradients of POC composition have been identified: a 'Continent-Ocean' gradient associated with hydrodynamics, sedimentary dynamics and depth of the water column, and a gradient of trophic status related to nutrient availability. At local scale, seasonality of POC composition appears to be station-specific but still related to part of the above-mentioned forcings. A typology of systems was established by coupling spatial and temporal variability of POC composition. Four groups were highlighted: (1) the estuarine stations where POC composition is dominated by terrestrial POM and driven by hydrodynamics and sedimentary processes, (2) the oligotrophic systems, characterized by the contribution of diazotrophs due to low nutrient availability, and the marine meso/eutroph systems whose POC composition is (3) either deeply dominated by phytoplankton or (4) dominated by phytoplankton but where the contribution of continental and benthic POC is not negligible and is driven by hydrodynamics, sedimentary processes and the height of the water column.Finally, the present study provides several insights into the different forcings to POM composition and dynamics in temperate coastal systems at local and multi-system scales. This work also presents a methodological approach that establishes statistical links between forcings and POM composition, helping to gain more objectively insight of forcings.
Published: 2018

19. Dynamics of particulate organic matter composition in coastal systems: a spatio-temporal study at multi-systems scale

Author: Francois Dindinaud, Michel Lafont, Aurore Gueux, Benoit Lebreton, Christophe Boinet, Vincent Cornille, Gaël Guillou, Jocelyne Caparros, Martine Bréret, Jean-Paul Lehodey, Julien Guillaudeau, Pierre Richard, Fabien Aubert, Sabrina Bichon, Stéphane L'Helguen, Fabrice Garcia, Eric Maria, Laurence Costes, Yolanda Del Amo, Eric Macé, Nicolas Lachaussée, Sandrine Geslin, Pascal Riera, Gauthier Schaal, Elsa Breton, Emilie Grossteffan, Valérie David, Laure Mousseau, Emmanuelle Sultan, Pierre-Guy Sauriau, Karine Grangeré, Nicolas Savoye, Maïa Durozier, Nicole Garcia, Line Bourasseau, Eric Lecuyer, Olivier Crispi, Pascal Claquin, Michel Fornier, David Lemeille, Yann Bozec, Philippe Kerhervé, Franck Petit, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Cédric Leroux, Anne-Marie Corre, Marie Czamanski, Antoine Nowaczyk, Jérémy Devesa, Karine Charlier, Jézabel Lamoureux, Orianne Joly, Hervé Derriennic, Sébastien Aubin, Thierry Cariou, Peggy Rimelin-Maury, Vincent Hanquiez, Sébastien Lefebvre, Camilla Liénart, Patrick Raimbault, Eric Feunteun, Philippe Pineau, Sophie Ferreira, Muriel Crouvoisier, Pascal Conan, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHImie Marine (CHIM), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre De Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Station marine Dinard, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecogéochimie et Fonctionnement des Ecosystèmes Benthiques (EFEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherches en environnement côtier (CREC), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Centre de recherche et d'enseignement des systèmes côtiers (CRESCO), Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University [Corpus Christi], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), ESEO-GSII (GSII), ESEO-Tech, Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), CNRS 5320, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeur0), Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2, Observatoire Volcanologique et Sismologique de Guadeloupe (OVSG), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Brest (UBO), EMBIO, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMS 3113, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO), Biologie des écosystèmes aquatiques (UR BELY), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Normandie Université (NU), Centre Émile Durkheim (CED), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques ( BOREA ), Université des Antilles ( UA ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques ( EPOC ), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers ( OASU ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CHImie Marine ( CHIM ), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin ( ADMM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 ( LOG ), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne ( LOMIC ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 ( LIENSs ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherche et d'enseignement des systèmes côtiers ( CRESCO ), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle ( MNHN ), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens ( CEFREM ), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia ( UPVD ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi, Rongeurs Sauvages – Risques Sanitaires et Gestion des Populations, INRA, VetAgro Sup ( USC1233/RS2GP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -VetAgro Sup ( VAS ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) ( LEMAR ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ) -Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche ( LOV ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecogéochimie et Fonctionnement des Ecosystèmes Benthiques ( EFEB ), ESEO-GSII ( GSII ), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans ( UNAM ) -PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans ( UNAM ), Centre de recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux ( UPR8641 ), Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux ( EPOC ), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] ( SBR ), Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée ( NutriNeur0 ), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique, OVSG-IPGP, Observatoire Volcanologique et sismologique de la Soufrière de Guadeloupe, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule ( I2BC ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Brest ( UBO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer ( IUEM ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherches en environnement côtier ( CREC ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ), Biologie des écosystèmes aquatiques ( UR BELY ), CEMAGREF, Normandie Université ( NU ), Centre Émile Durkheim ( CED ), and Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Sciences Po-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chibido, Mixing model, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, coastal systems, N ratio [C], C:N ratio, Water column, Particulate organic matter, Phytoplankton, Littoral zone, medicine, Coastal systems, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, particulate organic matter, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, C and N stable isotopes, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Geology, Estuary, Seasonality, mixing model, medicine.disease, meta-analysis, Oceanography, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, france
Abstract: International audience; In coastal systems, the multiplicity of sources fueling the pool of particulate organic matter (POM) leads to divergent estimations of POM composition. Eleven systems (two littoral systems, eight embayments and semi-enclosed systems and one estuary) distributed along the three maritime façades of France were studied for two to eight years in order to quantify the relative contribution of organic matter sources to the surface-water POM pool in coastal systems. This study was based on carbon and nitrogen elemental and isotopic ratios, used for running mixing models. The POM of the estuary is dominated by terrestrial material (93% on average), whereas the POM of the other systems is dominated by phytoplankton (84% on average). Nevertheless, for the latter systems, the POM composition varies in space, with 1) systems where POM is highly composed of phytoplankton (≥ 93%), 2) systems characterized by a non-negligible contribution of benthic (8 to 19%) and/or riverine (7 to 19%) sources, and 3) the Mediterranean systems characterized by the contribution of diazotroph organisms (ca. 14%). A continent-to-ocean gradient of riverine and/or benthic POM contribution is observed. Finally, time series reveal 1) seasonal variations of POM composition, 2) differences in seasonality between systems, and 3) an inshore-offshore gradient of seasonality within each system that were sampled at several stations. Spatial and seasonal patterns of POM composition are mainly due to local to regional processes such as hydrodynamics and sedimentary hydrodynamic (e.g. resuspension processes, changes in river flows, wind patterns influencing along-shore currents) but also due to the geomorphology of the systems (depth of the water column, distance to the shore). Future studies investigating the link between these forcings and POM composition would help to better understand the dynamics of POM composition in coastal systems.
Published: 2017

20. Cytochrome c oxidase barcodes for aquatic oligochaete identification: development of a Swiss reference database

Author: Jan Pawlowski, Michel Lafont, Inge Werner, Régis Lionel Vivien, Benoît J.D. Ferrari, Maria Holzmann, Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Department of Genetics and Evolution [Genève], University of Geneva [Switzerland], Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Species complex, lcsh:Medicine, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA barcoding, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Genetic diversity, 03 medical and health sciences, Geneticdiversity, ddc:590, parasitic diseases, Genetics, Cytochrome c oxidase, Species identification, Taxonomy, Aquatic oligochaetes, biology, Ecology, General Neuroscience, lcsh:R, General Medicine, Biodiversity, 030104 developmental biology, DNAbarcoding, Evolutionary biology, Morphological analysis, Biomonitoring, biology.protein, Reference database, Identification (biology), [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Aquaticoligochaetes, Zoology
Abstract: Introduction Aquatic oligochaetes represent valuable indicators of the quality of sediments of watercourses and lakes, but their difficult identification based on morphological criteria compromises their more common use for eco-diagnostic analyses. This issue could be overcome by using DNA barcodes for species identification. A 10% threshold of cytochrome c oxidase (COI) divergence was proposed for differentiating between oligochaete species based on molecular and morphological data. A Swiss database of COI sequences of aquatic oligochaetes was initiated in 2012. The aim of this study is to complement the Swiss oligochaete database of COI sequences and to confirm the relevance of this threshold for species delimitation. Methods We sequenced the COI sequence of 216 specimens collected in different regions of Switzerland and ITS2 region of some lineages whose delimitation with COI data was doubtful. Results We distinguished 53 lineages, among which 34 were new for Switzerland and 17 sequenced for the first time. All the lineages were separated by more than 10% of COI variation, with the exception of some species within Nais and Uncinais. In these two genera, the threshold was lowered to 8% to be congruent with the morphological analysis. The total number of lineages reported so far for Switzerland is 75, including 59 morphospecies or unidentified species and 16 cryptic species. Discussion Our study shows that the threshold of 10% of COI divergence is generally appropriate to distinguish aquatic oligochaete lineages, but that it must be adjusted for some species. The database reported here will be complemented in the future in parallel to the development of genetic oligochaete indices.
Published: 2017

21. Assessment of the effects of wastewater treatment plant effluents on receiving streams using oligochaete communities of the porous matrix

Author: Régis Lionel Vivien, Inge Werner, Michel Lafont, Benoît J.D. Ferrari, Mélanie Laluc, Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GINGER/BURGEAP – Agence de Lyon, Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology Eawag-EPFL, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Pollution, media_common.quotation_subject, STREAMS, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling, Sink (geography), contamination, porous matrix, Environmental monitoring, Hyporheic zone, annelids, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Water Science and Technology, media_common, lcsh:SH1-691, Pollutant, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, annelids / bioindication / porous matrix / stream functioning / contamination, bioindication, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, stream functioning, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Surface water, Groundwater
Abstract: International audience; Human activities can disturb the natural dynamics of exchanges between surface water and groundwater in rivers. Such exchanges contribute to the self-purification of the environment and an excess of infiltration can lead to contamination of groundwater. In addition, the porous matrix (coarse surface sediments and hyporheic zone), through which water exchanges occur, is a sink for pollutants. For environmental monitoring programs, it is therefore essential to take into account both the dynamics of vertical hydrological exchanges and the biological quality of this matrix. The functional trait (FTR) method, which is based on the study of oligochaete communities in coarse surface sediments and the hyporheic zone, was proposed as a tool to simultaneously assess the dynamics of vertical hydrological exchanges and the effects of pollutants present in the porous matrix. Here, we applied this method during two different periods (in March and September 2016), upstream and downstream of locations affected by discharges from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) located in Switzerland. The biological quality of surface sediments and the hyporheic zone was shown to be better upstream of the WWTP in both campaigns. In addition, results suggested that the capacity for self-purification was lower downstream of the WWTP, and that groundwater at these locations was vulnerable to pollution by surface water. The FTR method proved valuable as a field method for detecting the effects of point source contamination on receiving streams. In the near future, this community-based approach will benefit from advances in the use of DNA barcodes for oligochaete species identification.
Published: 2019

22. From research to operational biomonitoring of freshwaters: a suggested conceptual framework and practical solutions

Author: Guillaume Tixier, Céline Jézéquel, Pascal Breil, Jiri Marsalek, Michel Lafont, Laurent Schmitt, Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), NATIONAL WATER RESEARCH INSTITUTE BURLINGTON CAN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Hydrology, RUNNING AND STAGNANT WATERS, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, Harmonization, Aquatic Science, Research management, BIOLOGICAL METHODOLOGIES, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, ECOHYDROLOGY, Dilemma, Conceptual framework, 13. Climate action, Ecohydrology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biomonitoring, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, business, Surface water, Groundwater
Abstract: International audience; To contribute to solving the dilemma of the conflicting needs of water managers and ecologists, we are proposing an approach for the use and development of existing biomonitoring tools. For running waters, a harmonization system allows to use a set of various biotic indices. Functional traits are regarded as a basis for assessing ecological functioning. They take into account the dynamics of water exchanges between surface water and groundwater. In lakes, the oligochaete index IOBL describes the metabolic potential of deep-water sediments. Coupled with percent pollution-sensitive oligochaete species, it allows to defi ne a typology of lake sediments. The presented tools are integrated through a conceptual framework, including research management and technology transfer procedures.
Published: 2012

23. Ecological risk assessment of urban stormwater ponds: Literature review and proposal of a new conceptual approach providing ecological quality goals and the associated bioassessment tools

Author: Quintin Rochfort, Lee Grapentine, Jiri Marsalek, Guillaume Tixier, and Michel Lafont
Subjects: Sustainable development, Ecology, business.industry, Aquatic ecosystem, Stormwater, Environmental resource management, Biodiversity, General Decision Sciences, Context (language use), Conceptual framework, Urbanization, Environmental science, Surface runoff, business, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract: Stormwater ponds are a common feature of the urban landscape in many countries with advanced stormwater management. Built to control the impacts of urbanization in the form of increased runoff flows, volumes and pollution loads, stormwater ponds are exposed to strong anthropogenic pressures. Meanwhile, as open water systems, they represent new aquatic habitats potentially enhancing the biodiversity of urban areas and balancing the transformation of original ecosystems existing prior to urbanization. In the current context of sustainable development, assessing the ecological risks of stormwater ponds serving as aquatic habitats is therefore crucial for ensuring both the preservation and rehabilitation of biodiversity in urban areas. During the last decade, ecological risk assessments applied to stormwater ponds lacked adoption of integrated interdisciplinary approaches. This prevented advances in developing adaptive methodologies for assessing the ecological quality of stormwater ponds and for providing quality objectives for the management of these facilities. Also, the application of established integrated assessment methodologies, such as the Sediment Quality Triad widely used in North America, based on comparisons with reference sites, is challenged by the man-made features of urban stormwater ponds. The search for a more specific and effective methodology led to the proposal of supplementing the Sediment Quality Triad with the Oligochaete methodology, which was developed and standardized in France for determining the biological status of sediments in stagnant water ecosystems. The benefits of this approach are discussed in a conceptual framework providing ecological quality goals for urban stormwater ponds.
Published: 2011

24. In search of effective bioassessment of urban stormwater pond sediments: enhancing the ‘sediment quality triad’ approach with oligochaete metrics

Author: Michel Lafont, Lee Grapentine, Quintin Rochfort, Jiri Marsalek, Guillaume Tixier, National Water Research Institute, Brelot, Elodie, and Service irevues, irevues
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Pollution, Geologic Sediments, Environmental Engineering, media_common.quotation_subject, Stormwater, Biodiversity, Fresh Water, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Urbanization, Water Movements, Animals, Ecosystem, Oligochaeta, Ponds, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, media_common, Hydrology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aquatic ecosystem, Sediment, Bassin, Tank, 6. Clean water, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, [SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Water resource management, Surface runoff, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Stormwater ponds have been widely used to control increased volumes and rates of surface runoff resulting from urbanization. As receiving waters, they are under the influence of intermittent pollution from urban wet-weather discharges. Meanwhile they offer new aquatic habitats balancing the transformation of initial ecosystems and their associated biodiversity. Bioassessment of stormwater facilities is therefore crucial to insure the preservation and rehabilitation of biodiversity in urban areas. Nonetheless, the application of traditional bioassessment methodologies such as the sediment quality triad (SQT), based on the comparisons with reference sites, is challenged by the artificial and atypical features of urban stormwater ponds. Our concern in finding a more specific and effective bioassessment methodology led us to consider associating the Oligochaete Index Methodology (OIM) with the SQT. This study shows that although some adjustments were needed, the OIM brought new and complementary information to the SQT assessment on the effects of contaminants and on the biological quality status of the sediment in a test urban stormwater pond.
Published: 2011

25. Co-conception de solutions de gestion intégrée des inondations: les riverscapes pour faciliter le dialogue

Author: Céline Jézéquel, Pascal Breil, Christine Poulard, Anna Lenar-Matyas, Marta Łapuszek, Michel Lafont, Laurent Schmitt, Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), UNIVERSITE POLYTECHNIQUE DE CRACOVIE POL, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Typology, Flood myth, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 15. Life on land, Aquatic Science, BARRAGES A PERTUIS OUVERTS, 01 natural sciences, Training (civil), SILESIE POLONAISE, Geography, 13. Climate action, Multidisciplinary approach, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Flood mitigation, Dialog box, 020701 environmental engineering, Environmental planning
Abstract: International audience; When involved late in flood mitigation projects, biologists can suggest only minor changes. Conception should be multidisciplinary from the start. Riverscapes appear an excellent support to exchange information and share common conceptual views. Biologists thus summarize their expertise and local analyses, including a description of the potential biodiversity and processes. We built a riverscape typology for Polish mountain rivers and used it as a support to discuss compromises and adaptations for dry dams and river training. Translating the technical solutions into shift of types guide the choices. Serving a purpose, the typology is case-dependant and could be revised during a project. Riverscapes could also potentially be useful in multidisciplinary research.
Published: 2011

26. Towards ecohydrological approach of biomonitoring in running waters

Author: Michel Lafont, Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), and Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)
Subjects: RESEARCH MANAGEMENT GUIDANCE, FUNCTIONAL BIOMONITORING, Conceptual framework, Computer science, Ecology, RUNNING WATERS, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biomonitoring, Harmonization, Aquatic Science, Research management, Environmental planning, ECOHYDROLOGY
Abstract: The biomonitoring of aquatic life by traditional tools (qualitative indices) is more than 60 years old. These traditional tools are still developed and routinely used, particularly for the European WFD implementation which needs such cheap methodologies based on simple taxonomical identifications, and being likely shared by the greatest numbers of partners. More modern conceptual frameworks and functional methodologies were developed during the 1970s and 1980s, including production studies, but did not receive enough attention. The abuse of traditional concepts and methods leads to significant conceptual and methodological impoverishments in freshwater biomonitoring. A new multi-disciplinary ecohydrological approach, based on a functional conceptual framework (EASY concept, harmonization system), functional tools (functional traits, riverscape types), and a research management guidance, is proposed. Its development is discussed, demonstrating that it is possible to conciliate innovation and routine application, particularly when rehabilitation or restoration actions are planned.
Published: 2011

27. An annual survey of bacterial production, respiration and ectoenzyme activity in coastal NW Mediterranean waters: temperature and resource controls

Author: F. Van Wambeke, Gérald Grégori, B. Céa, Nicole Garcia, Jean-François Ghiglione, Dominique Lefèvre, Michel Lafont, Bruno Charrière, Aude Barani, Patrick Raimbault, L. Chirurgien, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie biologique de Banyuls (LOBB), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mediterranean climate, SOLEMIO, Salinity, Biogeochemical cycle, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, chemistry.chemical_element, Phosphorus limitation, Cyanobacteria, Bacterial growth efficiency, Ectoenzymes, Oxygen Consumption, Mediterranean sea, NW Mediterranean Sea, Bacterial Proteins, Rivers, Dissolved organic carbon, Phos, Mediterranean Sea, Environmental Chemistry, Seawater, Ecosystem, Bacterial production Bacterial respiration, 14. Life underwater, Bacterial production, biology, Phosphorus, Temperature, Heterotrophic Processes, General Medicine, Alkaline Phosphatase, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Oceanography, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, chemistry, Bacterial respiration, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Seasons, Water Microbiology
Abstract: International audience; We simultaneously measured bacterial production (BP), bacterial respiration (BR), alkaline phosphatase activity (phos) and ectoaminopeptidase activity (prot) in relation to biogeochemical parameters, nutritive resources and in situ temperature over a 1-year survey at the long-term observatory the SOLEMIO station (Marseille bay, NW Mediterranean Sea). Despite its proximity to the coast, oligotrophic conditions prevailed at this station (yearly mean of Chl a = 0.43 μg dm−3, NO3 = 0.55 μmol dm−3 and PO4 = 0.04 μmol dm−3). Episodic meteorological events (dominant winds, inputs from the Rhone River) induced rapid oscillations (within 15 days) in temperature and sometimes salinity that resulted in rapid changes in phytoplankton succession and a high variability in C/P ratios within the particulate and dissolved organic matter. Throughout the year, BP ranged from 0.01 to 0.82 μg C dm−3 h−1 and bacterial growth efficiency varied from 1 to 39 %, with higher values in summer. Enrichment experiments showed that BP was limited most of the year by phosphorus availability (except in winter). A significant positive correlation was found between in situ temperature, BP, BR and phos. Finally, we found that temperature and phosphate availability were the main factors driving heterotrophic bacterial activity and thus play a fundamental role in carbon fluxes within the marine ecosystem.
Published: 2015

28. Molecular barcoding of aquatic oligochaetes: implications for biomonitoring

Author: Sofia Wyler, Michel Lafont, Régis Lionel Vivien, and Jan Pawlowski
Subjects: Aquatic Organisms, Geologic Sediments, Species complex, Naididae, Lumbriculidae, lcsh:Medicine, DNA barcoding, ddc:590, parasitic diseases, Animals, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Environmental DNA, Oligochaeta, lcsh:Science, Phylogeny, Multidisciplinary, Base Sequence, Phylogenetic tree, biology, Ecology, lcsh:R, Genetic Variation, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Enchytraeidae, biology.organism_classification, Evolutionary biology, DNA, Intergenic, lcsh:Q, Bioindicator, Environmental Monitoring, Research Article
Abstract: Aquatic oligochaetes are well recognized bioindicators of quality of sediments and water in watercourses and lakes. However, the difficult taxonomic determination based on morphological features compromises their more common use in eco-diagnostic analyses. To overcome this limitation, we investigated molecular barcodes as identification tool for broad range of taxa of aquatic oligochaetes. We report 185 COI and 52 ITS2 rDNA sequences for specimens collected in Switzerland and belonging to the families Naididae, Lumbriculidae, Enchytraeidae and Lumbricidae. Phylogenetic analyses allowed distinguishing 41 lineages separated by more than 10 % divergence in COI sequences. The lineage distinction was confirmed by Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) method and by ITS2 data. Our results showed that morphological identification underestimates the oligochaete diversity. Only 26 of the lineages could be assigned to morphospecies, of which seven were sequenced for the first time. Several cryptic species were detected within common morphospecies. Many juvenile specimens that could not be assigned morphologically have found their home after genetic analysis. Our study showed that COI barcodes performed very well as species identifiers in aquatic oligochaetes. Their easy amplification and good taxonomic resolution might help promoting aquatic oligochaetes as bioindicators for next generation environmental DNA biomonitoring of aquatic ecosystems.
Published: 2015

29. Oligochaete Assemblages in the Hyporheic Zone and Coarse Surface Sediments: Their Importance for Understanding of Ecological Functioning of Watercourses

Author: Anne Vivier, Michel Lafont, Biologie des écosystèmes aquatiques (UR BELY), and Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)
Subjects: Pollution, RUNNING WATERS, OLIGOCHAETA, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, media_common.quotation_subject, QUALITE DE L'EAU, Wetland, Aquatic Science, SEDIMENT, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Hyporheic zone, Ecosystem, EAU SOUTERRAINE, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, media_common, OLIGOCHETE, EAU DE SURFACE, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, COURS D'EAU, COARSE SEDIMENTS, Habitat, Benthic zone, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Environmental science, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ZONE HYPORHEIQUE, Groundwater
Abstract: The hyporheic zone and its interactions with coarse surface sediments is increasingly reported by aquatic ecologists because the water exchanges between surface and subsurface are important factors for the understanding of the ecosystem functioning. However, the hyproheic oligochaete assemblages have received less attention than other assemblages such as crustaceans. In addition, studies investigating the incidence of pollution in watercourses have mostly focused on the benthic zone and have neglected the hyporheic zone. Some examples are given from an unpolluted glacial river (Roseg), polluted plains rivers (Moselle, Rhône) and a protected wetland in an urbanized environment. The hyporheic zone kept the memory of past and present incidences of pollution, in particular when downwellings of polluted surface waters to the hyporheic zone predominated. The Active hydrologic Exchange Describers between surface and subsurface (AED oligochaete species) were the same in the glacial river Roseg, the rivers Rhône and Moselle and the urbanized wetland. The predominance of pollution-tolerant species like Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri was observed in polluted groundwater as well as in polluted surface coarse sediments. Moreover, the urbanized wetland exhibited a high species richness, suggesting that the hyporheic zone is a reservoir of species. The oligochaete communities enable biologists to simultaneously assess the pollution incidence, the permeability of coarse habitats, the water exchanges between surface and subsurface, and give an approximate measure of the metabolic activities in the sediments. Consequently, the simultaneous study of surface and hyporheic oligochaete assemblages is of great interest when considering the ecological functioning of watercourses and the incidence of pollution inputs.
Published: 2006

30. Longitudinal patterns of invertebrates in the hyporheic zone of a glacial river

Author: Michel Lafont, Diana M. P. Galassi, Florian Malard, Sylvain Dolédec, and James V. Ward
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Glacier terminus, Floodplain, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Benthos, Benthic zone, Streamflow, Environmental science, Hyporheic zone, Species richness, Glacial period
Abstract: Summary 1. Longitudinal changes in physicochemical factors and the composition of the invertebrate community were examined in the hyporheic zone of a glacial river (Val Roseg, Switzerland) over a distance of 11 km from the glacier terminus. Multivariate analysis was used to determine the habitat preferences of taxa along an upstream-downstream gradient of increasing temperature and groundwater contribution to river flow. 2. The hyporheos conformed to the longitudinal distribution model described for zoobenthic communities of glacial rivers in that taxonomic richness increased with distance from the glacier terminus. Spatial variation in taxonomic richness was best explained by temperature, the influence of groundwater, and the amount of organic matter. The overriding importance of these variables on the distribution of taxa was confirmed by the multivariate analysis. 3. The hyporheic zone contributed significantly to the overall biodiversity of the Roseg River. Whereas insect larvae were predominant in the benthos, hyporheic invertebrates were dominated by taxa belonging to the true groundwater fauna and the permanent hyporheos. Several permanently aquatic taxa (e.g. Nematoda, Ostracoda, Cyclopoida, Harpacticoida, Oligochaeta) appeared exclusively in the hyporheic zone or they extended farther upstream in the hyporheic layer than in the benthic layer. Leuctridae, Nemouridae, and Heptageniidae colonised hyporheic sediments where maximum water temperature was only 4 °C. 4. Despite strong seasonal changes in river discharge and physicochemistry in hyporheic water, the density and distribution of the hyporheos varied little over time. 5. Taxonomic richness increased markedly in the downstream part of a floodplain reach with an extensive upwelling zone. Upwelling groundwater not only maintained a permanent flow of water but also created several species-rich habitats that added many species to the community of the main channel.
Published: 2003

31. Use of oligochaete communities for assessing the quality of sediments in watercourses of the Geneva area and Artois-Picardie basin (France): proposition of heavy metal toxicity thresholds

Author: Régis Lionel Vivien, Guillaume Tixier, and Michel Lafont
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Pollution, Pollutant, Ecology, media_common.quotation_subject, Sediment, Metal toxicity, STREAMS, Aquatic Science, Structural basin, Bioavailability, Bioindication, chemistry, Heavy metals, Environmental chemistry, Watercourses, Environmental science, Organic matter, Fine/sandy sediment, Toxicity thresholds, media_common, Oligochaetes
Abstract: The aim of the study was to validate biological tools based on the analysis of sediment-dwelling oligochaete assemblages for assessing the biological quality of sediments in watercourses. The study intended to establish and compare heavy metal toxicity thresholds in streams of two different ecoregions (Geneva area in Switzerland and Artois-Picardie basin in France). The metals Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, Pb, Cd, As, Co, Fe and Mn were analyzed. The PEC-Q (Probable Effect Concentration-Quotient) and TEC-Q (Threshold Effect Concentration-Quotient) were used as metal contamination indices. The results showed a significant negative correlation between the oligochaete index of sediment bioindication IOBS and metal contamination indices. Moreover a significant positive correlation between the percentage of Tubificinae without hair setae and metal contamination indices was noticed. Toxicity thresholds of PEC-Q = 0.14–0.18 and TEC-Q = 0.4–0.6 were established. The toxicity thresholds established in the two different ecoregions were consistent. At some sites, the sediment biological quality evidenced by the oligochaete analysis was poor, yet moderate PEC-Q were observed. The effects of confounding factors such as the bioavailability of metals and the presence of other pollutants (PCBs, PAHs and organic pollution) are discussed. Other conflicting results seemed to be explained by a reduced bioavailability of metals due to organic matter and Mn/Fe oxides.
Published: 2014

32. [Untitled]

Author: Eric Sourp, Michel Lafont, Jean-Claude Camus, and Alain Fournier
Subjects: business.industry, Ecology, Aquatic ecosystem, Environmental resource management, Ecological assessment, Aquatic biomonitoring, Aquatic Science, Freshwater ecosystem, Environmental science, Ecosystem, Ecosystem diversity, Water quality, business, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level
Abstract: The ecological assessment of freshwater ecosystems necessitates to consider (i) the operational biological classification for defining a range of ecosystem alterations, (ii) operational biomonitoring tools fulfilling the requirements of the classification, (iii) ecological quality objectives to be preserved or restored. The development of this biomonitoring approach was illustrated by the study of the River Dore. Four biological qualities were defined with their related bio-indicators: (1) general biological quality (invertebrates), (2) biological sediment quality (oligochaetes), (3) biological water quality (diatoms) and (4) biological fish quality (fish communities). The selected bio-indicators were adjusted to an ecological classification model, based on a range of 8 ecological qualities, from `pristine' (S0) to extreme toxicity (S7). The model allows to use numerical index values as well as methods without index calculations, and to assess the general ecological quality of the river and its time-dependent evolution. At the sites downstream of industrial discharges, an improvement of the general ecological quality was observed from 1983 to 1995 in relation to sewage-treatment actions. A general ecological quality objective is proposed for each site of the river, taking into account the past and present ecological evolution of the river. The relevance of the approach greatly depends upon the accuracy of bio-indicator adjustment to the classification model and would be enhanced by taking into account other biological characteristics, like trophic status and hyporheic biocenoses.
Published: 2001

33. Évaluation de l'état de santé écologique des hydrosystèmes par l'utilisation des traits biologiques

Author: S. Charvet, Michel Lafont, M. C. Roger, and B. Faessel
Subjects: Aquatic Science
Abstract: Les macroinvertebres benthiques sont couramment utilises dans le domaine de la bioindication. Pourtant les methodes indicielles globales ne permettent pas de poser un diagnostic sur les causes reelles de degradation. Cette etude propose donc d'integrer les avancees theoriques recentes mettant en relation les strategies biologiques des organismes (reproduction, duree de vie, habitudes alimentaires et respiratoires) avec les perturbations de leur environnement. Cette approche a ete appliquee a la Chalaronne, un cours d'eau soumis a des effluents d'une station d'epuration. L'analyse biocenotique, basee sur l'abondance des taxons, permet de separer les stations amont des stations aval puisque 17,9 % de la variabilite totale du tableau de donnees y est consacree. Au niveau fonctionnel, l'utilisation des traits biologiques definis pour chaque taxon permet une meilleure separation amont - aval, puisque la valeur obtenue est de 23,1 %. Cet exemple nous montre que la structure fonctionnelle observee en amont correspond a des caracteristiques de resilience. Au contraire la structure fonctionnelle observee en aval correspond a des caracteristiques de resistance. L'approche fonctionnelle presente donc deux interets : d'une part elle permet une bonne discrimination des situations etudiees, d'autre part elle ouvre des perspectives interessantes pour l'etude des fonctionnalites biologiques des ecosystemes.
Published: 1998

34. Toxicity of Urban Stormwater

Author: Jiri Marsalek, Guillaume Tixier, Quintin Rochfort, Lee Grapentine, and Michel Lafont
Published: 2013

35. Biomotoring groundwater contamination: Application to a karst area in Southern France

Author: Michel Lafont, Florian Malard, J. Mathieu, and Jean-Louis Reygrobellet
Subjects: Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Fauna, Subterranean fauna, Aquifer, Aquatic Science, Karst, Water pollution, Relative species abundance, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geology, Groundwater, Water Science and Technology, Water well
Abstract: In order to assess the descriptive value of subterranean organisms with regard to groundwater contamination, faunal sampling was carried out at two unimpacted sites and one sewage-polluted site located in the south-eastern part of the Lez karst system (Herault, France) from 1991–1993. Invertebrates were collected by means of an air-lift pump in 8 deep monitoring wells (from 43 to 90 m deep) which intersected Cretaceous and/or Jurassic limestones. Wells of the unimpacted sites had faunal assemblages dominated by crustaceans (from 92.4 to 98.3% of the total number of organisms), and they harboured a high number of stygobite species (from 15 to 24) which usually represented a major component of the total number of invertebrates (from 48.1 to 81.5%). At the sewage-polluted site, the wells had significant relative abundances of oligochaetes (from 8.4 to 40.4% of the total number of invertebrates), low stygobite richnesses (from 3 to 7 species) and their groundwater fauna consisted mainly of stygoxene taxa (from 20 to 34) whose relative abundance could be as high as 88%. The spatio-temporal distribution of organisms was related to the groundwater and sewage flow patterns. During low-water periods sewagepolluted water moved preferentially through the conductive fractures of the saturated zone whose faunal assemblages were dominated by stygoxenes such as the polysaprobiont oligochaeteTubifex tubifex. When floods occurred, these stygoxenes were flushed out of the site and were also disseminated throughout the thinly fissured part of the saturated zone where they were associated with stygophiles. As the source of sewage pollution decreased in intensity with time, preliminary signs of groundwater fauna recovery were observed. Oligochaetes became less abundant but recolonization of groundwater by stygobites was not yet observed. On the basis of our results and those of other authors we emphasize the advantages which could result from the development of biomonitoring programmes for the assessment of karstic groundwater contamination.
Published: 1996

36. The use of invertebrate communities to describe groundwater flow and contaminant transport in a fractured rock aquifer

Author: Jean-Louis Reygrobellet, Florian Malard, Michel Lafont, J. Mathieu, and Irstea Publications, Migration
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, CEMAGREF, Groundwater flow, Ecology, BELY, Aquifer, Aquatic Science, Aquifer test, Environmental science, Groundwater model, Invertebrate
Abstract: Using an air-lift pump, groundwater invertebrates of a fractured limestone site recharged with secondary sewage were collected by means of a dense network of deep observation wells. The spatio-temporal distribution of organisms throughout the dendritic system of interconnected joints and fissures was closely related to the heterogeneous groundwater and sewage flow pattern. During low water periods with high infiltration rates of sewage, groundwater communities were displaced upstream or downstream of the study area and were also disseminated throughout the adjacent fissure network. They were associated with hypogean organisms, which were only collected when pristine groundwater circulated through the openings of the site., Les invertébrés d'un site calcaire fissuré rechargé avec des eaux usées secondaires ont été recueillis à l'aide d'un réseau dense de puits d'observation. La répartition spatio-temporelle des organismes à travers le système dendritique de joints et de fissures reliés était étroitement lié aux nappes phréatiques hétérogènes et au schéma d'écoulement des eaux usées. Pendant les périodes d'étiage avec des taux d'infiltration élevés des eaux usées, les populations des nappes phréatiques ont été déplacées en amont ou en aval de la zone d'étude et ont aussi été disséminées dans le réseau de fissures adjacent. Ils ont été associés à des organismes hypogés qui n'étaient collectés que lorsqu'une eau souterraine pure circulait à travers les ouvertures du site.
Published: 1994

37. Theoretical habitat templets, species traits, and species richness: aquatic oligochaetes in the Upper Rhone River and its floodplain

Author: Michel Lafont and Jacques Juget
Subjects: geography, Naididae, geography.geographical_feature_category, Floodplain, Ecology, fungi, Aquatic Science, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Alluvial plain, Taxon, Habitat, Patch dynamics, Spatial variability, Species richness
Abstract: SUMMARY 1 This paper summarizes twenty years of ecological research on aquatic oligochaetes of the Upper Rhone River and its alluvial floodplain (France). Species traits of fifty species of the ninety taxa recorded from two areas Gons and Bregnier-Cordon) were used to examine the relationships among species traits, habitat utilization of these species, whether a relationship exists between species traits and habitat utilization, and the applicability of predictions from the river habitat templet and the patch dynamics concept in the framework of spatial and temporal habitat variability. We used fourteen habitat types and sixteen species traits in this analysis. 2 When examined by correspondence analysis, species traits separate the Naididae (with a higher potential for reproduction, small size, high mobility, and opportunistic diet) from all other families. 3 Habitat utilization by oligochaetes demonstrates two gradients: a vertical gradient that arranges species by their affinity for interstitial habitats (stygophily) and a transversal gradient that arranges them by their affinity for main channel habitats (rheophily). 4 No significant relationship was found between species traits and habitat utilization in a co-inertia analysis. 5 Trends observed for species traits within the framework of spatial-temporal habitat variability show only minor agreement with predictions of the river habitat templet. 6 Species richness is generally higher in superficial and interstitial habitats that are permanently connected with the main channel, and peaks in the superficial parapotamons (backwaters that are permanently connected with the main channel) characterized by intermediate levels of spatial as well as temporal variability; this pattern only partially fits with predictions of the patch dynamics concept.
Published: 1994

38. Utilisation de la typologie hydrogéomorphologiqueen écologie fonctionnelle : premiers résultats dans des hydrosystèmes contrastés

Author: Michèle Trémolières, Laurent Valette, Céline Jézéquel, Karine Valin, Pascal Breil, Michel Lafont, Anne Vivier, Philippe Namour, Laurent Schmitt, Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Schlumberger, Rosine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SHS.GEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Structural basin, functional ecology, 01 natural sciences, hydro-geomorphology, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Functional ecology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, surface water, hydrosystems, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Alluvial plain, Macrophyte, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, groundwater exchanges, Environmental science, typology, Surface water, Beach morphodynamics, Groundwater, Channel (geography)
Abstract: International audience; The study highlights the relevance of integrating hydro-geomorphological typologies in pluri-disciplinary ecological researches on ecosystem functioning, in two contrasted hydrosystems: the Rhine alluvial plain and the Yzeron basin. Two hydro-geomorphological typologies of reference status in rivers, elaborated from the same conceptual scheme, are compared with two bio-typologies of ecosystem functioning characterization, one based on communities of aquatic macrophytes (Rhine plain) and the second on oligochaete assemblages (Yzeron basin). The two bio-typologies mainly reflect water exchanges between surface water and groundwater. In the Rhine plain, morphodynamics of the D3 geomorpho-type modify the tendency of increasing in the trophic level from upstream to downstream areas, this increasing being only verified for the D4 geomorpho-type. Indeed, morphodynamics of the D3 geomorpho-type prevents channel clogging and activates the limnocrene groundwater springs, inducing water oligotrophication and increase of biodiversity. In the Yzeron basin, which is impacted by polluted urban water runoffs, the B3 and A1 geomorpho-types present the highest values of ecological potentials (EPs) due to greater slopes and active surface water/groundwater exchanges. Results suggest that some biological characteristics and ecological functions could be spatialized on larger spatial scales through appropriate geomorphic river typologies.
Published: 2011

39. Effets des métaux lourds sur les peuplements d'oligochètes de l'Ill et de ses affluents (Haut-Rhin, France)

Author: Antonietta Rosso, Michel Lafont, and A. Exinger
Subjects: Aquatic Science
Abstract: L'analyse des sediments de quinze stations de l'Ill et de ses affluents a revele l'existence de contaminations par les metaux lourds qui sont associees, dans la majorite des sites prospectes, a une forte charge en matieres organiques. Les peuplements d'oligochetes infeodes aux sediments fins sont domines par des especes resistantes a la pollution (Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Tubifex tubifex, Pristinella jenkinae...) ou ubiquistes (Aulodrilus pluriseta). Les fortes contaminations metalliques des sediments sont generalement associees a des valeurs de l'indice oligochetes IOBS ≤ 1 et a des effectifs ≤ 1000.0,1 m −2 . Elles sont correlees negativement avec le pourcentage de Tubificidae avec soies capillaires et positivement avec le pourcentage de Tubificidae sans soies capillaires. Les metaux semblent perturber la reproduction in situ des oligochetes
Published: 1993

40. Flood mitigation designs with respect to river ecosystem functions. A problem oriented conceptual approach

Author: Anna Lenar-Matyas, Christine Poulard, Michel Lafont, Marta Łapuszek, Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), and Université Polytechnique de Cracovie
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, FLOOD MITIGATION, Environmental Engineering, River ecosystem, media_common.quotation_subject, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Civil engineering, RIVERSCAPE, Impervious surface, Flood mitigation, Function (engineering), Bank erosion, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, media_common, Hydrology, Flood myth, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, DRY DAM, Flood control, IMPACT ON ECOSYSTEMS, Work (electrical), 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, CRUE, BARRAGE SEC, IMPACT SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT
Abstract: We formulated five proposals to improve specifications of flood hazard reduction projects and five proposals to preserve the river ecosystem functions, based on literature and authors’ experience. Starting from these, we established a conceptual approach using the notion of riverscape, with related function richness and bioassessment tools. We defined four riverscape types based on the gradient of artificialness, from type I (impervious bed) to type IV (less than 30% or no artificial bed). To apply our approach to dry dam designs, we individualized different parts of dry dams and characterized them by an ideal riverscape type, according to the hydraulic constraints of each part. Type I is unavoidable in the bottom outlet, and types I or II at the foot of the dam. Types III (30–50% of artificial bed) and IV were recommended at upper and lower parts of the dam, according to the risk of bank erosion and need for bank reinforcements. The approach appeared efficient to help biologists and hydraulic practitioners work together, and find technical solutions complying with both flood protection and biodiversity preservation requirement.
Published: 2010

41. Hyporheic annelid distribution along a flow permanence gradient in an alluvial river

Author: Michel Lafont, T. Datry, Scott T. Larned, Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), NIWA NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF WATER AND ATMOSPHERE CHRISTCHURCH NZL, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Irstea Publications, Migration
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Aquatic Science, Biology, Spatial distribution, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, INTERSTITIAL SEDIMENTS, SWGW EXCHANGES, LONGITUDINAL PATTERNS, Genus, TEMPORARY RIVER, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Water Science and Technology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Resistance (ecology), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, Alluvial river, 15. Life on land, OLIGOCHAETES, DRYING, Taxon, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Alluvium, Species richness
Abstract: International audience; In this study, we examined hyporheic annelid assemblages along a gradient of flow permanence (FP) and compared assemblages in gaining (groundwater-fed) and losing (runoff-fed) sections of the alluvial Selwyn River, New Zealand. To reduce the effects of poor taxonomic resolution, we used a dataset with most taxa identified to the genus or species level. We predicted that annelid assemblages would vary in structure and composition along FP gradients due to differences in desiccation resistance between taxa. We also predicted that groundwater-fed (gaining) and runoff-fed (losing) river sections would be inhabitated by dissimilar annelid assemblages due to differences in river-aquifer connections and recolonization sources. We found a negative relationship between taxon richness and FP, indicating that, on average, two annelid taxa are lost from hyporheic assemblages in the Selwyn River with every 10% decrease in FP. Low FP appears to favour annelid taxa that tolerate moist or dry conditions in sediments, as shown by a negative relationship between FP and the proportion of desiccation-tolerant taxa. A high proportion of hypogean taxa distinguished the groundwater-fed and perennial-gaining reach from the other reaches. In spite of the large differences in physical structure between the intermittent-gaining and the ephemeral-losing reach, we found few between-reach differences in annelid assemblages and, in particular, no differences in % hypogean taxa. These varied results illustrate the need to employ both categorical and continuous variables in ecological analyses: the combined categorical and gradient approach used in the present study is likely to explain more variability than either univariate approach alone.
Published: 2010

42. Ecosystem engineering at the sediment-water interface : bioturbation and consumer-substrate interaction

Author: Frédérique François-Carcaillet, Michel Lafont, Jean Paul Gaudet, Geraldine Nogaro, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Maurice H. Valett, Janine Gibert, Hydrobiologie et Ecologie Souterraines, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Fluviaux (EHF), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des transferts en hydrologie et environnement (LTHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Biologie des écosystèmes aquatiques (UR BELY), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Geologic Sediments, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Clogging, bootom-up influences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Models, Biological, Deposition (geology), Ecosystem engineer, Rivers, Sediment–water interface, Metals, Heavy, Water Movements, Animals, Organic matter, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Particle Size, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Water pollution, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Analysis of Variance, Behavior, Animal, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Sediment, 15. Life on land, invertebrates, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Environmental Pollutants, France, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, top-down influences, Bioturbation, hydraulic conductivity
Abstract: International audience; In soft-bottom sediments, consumers may influence ecosystem function more via engineering that alters abiotic resources than through trophic influences. Understanding the influence of bioturbation on physical, chemical, and biological processes of the watersediment interface requires investigating top-down (consumer) and bottom-up (resource) forces. The objective of the present study was to determine how consumer bioturbation mode and sediment properties interact to dictate the hydrologic function of experimental filtration systems clogged by the deposition of fine sediments. Three fine-grained sediments characterized by different organic matter (OM) and pollutant content were used to assess the influence of resource type: sediment of urban origin highly loaded with OM and pollutants, river sediments rich in OM, and river sediments poor in OM content. The effects of consumer bioturbation (chironomid larvae vs. tubificid worms) on sediment reworking, changes in hydraulic head and hydraulic conductivity, and water fluxes through the watersediment interface were measured. Invertebrate influences in reducing the clogging process depended not only on the mode of bioturbation (construction of biogenic structures, burrowing and feeding activities, etc.) but also on the interaction between the bioturbation process and the sediments of the clogging layer. We present a conceptual model that highlights the importance of sediment influences on bioturbation and argues for the integration of bottom-up influence on consumer engineering activities.
Published: 2009

43. Amélioration de la bio-indication des cours d'eau urbains par combinaison des approches descriptives et écohydrologiques

Author: Céline Jézéquel, Pascal Breil, Laurent Schmitt, Stéphanie Bernoud, Anne Vivier, Michel Lafont, Qualité des eaux et prévention des pollutions (UR QELY), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Direction régionale de l'environnement de Bourgogne (DIREN Bourgogne), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2), BURGEAP, ingénierie - études techniques, Environnement Ville Société (EVS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Biologie des écosystèmes aquatiques (UR BELY), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), DIREN Bourgogne, Ministère de l'Equipement, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement, Ville, Société (EVS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Lyon (ENSAL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), DIREN BOURGOGNE DIJON FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), BURGEAP LYON FRA, and TROUFLEAU, Pascal
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, Harmonization, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, ecohydrology, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Ecohydrology, 11. Sustainability, Quality (business), Restoration ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Biotic index, Hydrology, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Environmental resource management, biotic indices, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, ecohydrological approaches, urbanized hydrosystems, 13. Climate action, urban water courses, ecosystem functioning, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sustainability, Biomonitoring, Environmental science, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, business, Surface water, Groundwater
Abstract: International audience; Two approaches are proposed for developing adapted metrics, proposing realistic and sustainable ecologic objectives, and suggesting a management strategy for stream rehabilitation. The first approach implemented a harmonization system of French standardized biotic indices. The second one was based on the development of functional traits (FTrs), which were defined by oligochaete assemblages inhabiting coarse surface sediments and the hyporheic system. The harmonization system allowed to define a weighted general ecological quality. The FTrs characterized an ecological potential (EP) resulting from interactions between physical factors (dynamics of hydrologic exchanges between surface water and groundwater) and chemical factors. An example of using both approaches at the same urbanized site is presented and serves for planning of rehabilitation activities. The benefits, drawbacks and progress of both approaches are discussed.; Utilisation combinée des bio-indicateurs standardisés et d'un bio-indicateur fonctionnel du substrat pour l'évaluation du bon potentiel écologique d'un cours d'eau périurbain.
Published: 2009

44. Subterranean aquatic Oligochaeta

Author: Patrick Martin, Jacques Juget, Michel Lafont, Michel Creuzé des Châtelliers, Irstea Publications, Migration, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des écosystèmes aquatiques (UR BELY), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), and Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique (IRSNB)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, SUBTERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT, [SDE] Environmental Sciences, STYGOBIONT, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fauna, Biodiversity, Species diversity, Introduced species, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Habitat, AQUATIC OLIGOCHAETA, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, BIODIVERSITY, 14. Life underwater, Species richness, Endemism, ADAPTATION, Bioturbation
Abstract: Summary 1. Aquatic oligochaetes appear to be pre-adapted to live in the subterranean environment. However, in the absence of genuine troglomorphic characters, the stygobiotic status of groundwater oligochaetes can currently be inferred only from their exclusive presence in the subterranean environment. 2. Aquatic oligochaetes constitute a diverse and mostly endemic fauna. Of the more than 100 species currently considered to be stygobionts, 60% are known only from their type locality. In the Rhone-Alpes region of France, about 93% of samples taken from caves and galleries were found to contain oligochaetes of which 13 species are classified as stygobionts. 3. Oligochaete biodiversity in aquatic subterranean environments probably originated by both preservation of relict forms and speciation in situ, possibly followed by radiations favoured by heterogeneous and fragmented habitats. Close phylogenetic affinities between some tubificid species from continental waters and the deep sea suggest a marine origin of part of the subterranean oligochaetes. 4. Oligochaetes are well known to promote bioturbation in surface habitats. Similar information on subterranean oligochaetes is scarce, but some evidence suggests notable bioturbation activity also of hypogean species, and they may also play other ecological roles (e.g. as prey and consumers) where present in high densities. 5. Valuable studies to enhance knowledge of subterranean aquatic oligochaetes include continued exploration of a variety of groundwater habitats, phylogeographic surveys that take advantage of molecular methods, analyses of species traits of both stygobiotic and epigean oligochaetes in subterranean environments, and laboratory studies to describe life histories and resolve other aspects of oligochaete biology and ecology.
Published: 2009

45. Impact thermique des effluents du Centre de Production Nucléaire du Bugey sur les invertébrés benthiques du Rhône

Author: B. Faessel, Michel Lafont, M. C. Roger, and Irstea Publications, Migration
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, CEMAGREF, Ecology, BELY, BUGEY, RHONE COURS D'EAU, Aquatic Science, DSA, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Les rejets d'eau chaude du Centre de Production Nucleaire du Bugey entrainent jusqu'a 5 km en aval de la centrale, une elevation de la temperature des eaux du Rhone de 6 °C en moyenne. L'echauffement des eaux est encore sensible au niveau de la confluence avec l'Ain. Suite a l'etude d'impact realisee en 1975 dans le cadre de la mise en service de ce centre, une reactualisation des donnees s'averait necessaire sur le site pour effectuer un bilan de l'impact reel des rejets thermiques sur les biocenoses. L'examen de la faune benthique met en evidence une diminution notable de la richesse taxonomique sur l'ensemble du site entre 1975 et 1988-89. Ainsi, Rhithrogena diaphana, Ecdyonurus sp.(ephemeropteres) et les representants de la famille des Unionidae (mollusques) sont absents en 1988, la densite des oligochetes a diminue depuis 1975 sur le point amont. Au niveau de la station echauffee, on observe en 1988-89 une reduction significative de la richesse taxonomique des invertebres, avec notamment la disparition de Potamanthus luteus (ephemeroptere) et de Propappus volki (oligochete). On constate egalement une diminution de la densite des Chironomidae et des oligochetes, ces derniers, ainsi que les Gammaridae, disparaissant durant la periode la plus chaude (aout, septembre).
Published: 1991

46. Do tubificid worms influence organic matter processing and fate of pollutants in stormwater sediments deposited at the surface of infiltration systems?

Author: Bernard Montuelle, Michel Lafont, Bernadette Volat, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Jean-Claude Boisson, Janine Gibert, Geraldine Nogaro, and Lyvet, Nathalie
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, Geologic Sediments, Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Rain, Stormwater, Helminths, parasitic diseases, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Organic matter, Cities, Humic Substances, Pollutant, chemistry.chemical_classification, Persistent organic pollutant, biology, Earthworm, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environmental engineering, Sediment, General Medicine, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Humus, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Biodegradation, Environmental, chemistry, Environmental science, Water Microbiology, Filtration, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to quantify the influences of tubificid worms on the biogeochemical functioning of an infiltration system impacted by a stormwater sediment deposit. Effects of worms with stormwater sediment deposit were compared with effects of worms with two other natural sediment deposits (one low and one rich-particulate organic matter deposits). We measured the effects of invertebrates on sediment reworking, organic matter processing, solute fluxes, microbial characteristics, and pollutant release from stormwater deposit to water. Our results showed that tubificid worms had slight effects on microbial activities in presence of the stormwater deposit whereas they significantly stimulated microbial activities in columns impacted by the other two deposits. High contents of labile organic matter contained in stormwater sediments probably led to very strong microbial activities that could not be easily stimulated by worm activities. In our experimental conditions, no significant influence of tubificid worms on the fate of pollutants (heavy metals and PAHs) contained in the stormwater deposit was measured. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the organic matter characteristics of the stormwater sediments limited the efficiency of tubificid worms to stimulate organic matter mineralization in infiltration systems.
Published: 2007

47. Bioassessment of wet-weather pollution impacts on fine sediments in urban waters by benthic indices and the sediment quality triad

Author: Quintin Rochfort, G. Tixier, Michel Lafont, Lee Grapentine, Jiri Marsalek, Pascal Breil, Biologie des écosystèmes aquatiques (UR BELY), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), ENVIRONMENT CANADA BURLINGTON CAN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), UNIVERSITE DE METZ, and Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY)
Subjects: Pollution, Geologic Sediments, Environmental Engineering, CEMAGREF, media_common.quotation_subject, Stormwater, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, STREAMS, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, DSA, Water Movements, 14. Life underwater, 020701 environmental engineering, Weather, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Urban runoff, media_common, Hydrology, HHLY, Water Pollution, fungi, Community structure, Water, Sediment, BELY, 6. Clean water, Water Framework Directive, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, HHLYHYD, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, geographic locations, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Benthic invertebrate assessments can be used to gauge the impact of urban wet-weather flows in receiving waters. Experiences from Cemagref in France have shown that standardized benthic indices (e.g. Oligochaete Index of Sediment Bioindication - IOBS) can be used to reliably determine the ecological status of urban streams and can be incorporated into the new European Water Framework Directive. The Canadian studies on streams and stormwater ponds using chemical analyses, benthic toxicity testing and benthic invertebrate community structure (i.e. the sediment quality triad) comparisons have shown that toxicity was more likely to occur in ponds at sites with higher concentrations of heavy metals and heavier polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and at greater water depths, where fine sediments from urban runoff accumulated. A more comprehensive evaluation of wet-weather flow impacts could be obtained by combining approaches from both countries.
Published: 2007

48. Rearing and estimation of life-cycle parameters of the tubicifid worm Branchiura sowerbyi : Application to ecotoxicity testing

Author: Hervé Quéau, Virginie Ducrot, Alexandre R.R. Pery, Jeanne Garric, Raphaël Mons, Michel Lafont, Écologie et santé des écosystèmes (ESE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire d'Ecotoxicologie, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Laboratoire de Diagnose des Systèmes Aquatiques
Subjects: Geologic Sediments, Environmental Engineering, Dynamic energy budget, media_common.quotation_subject, OLIGOCHAETA, TRAIT D'HISTOIRE DE VIE, BIOESSAI, TOXICITE DES SEDIMENTS, Breeding, Biology, OLIGOCHETES, LABORATORY CULTURES, Animal science, Laboratory Animal Science, Toxicity Tests, ELEVAGE EN LABORATOIRE, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, Juvenile, Waste Management and Disposal, media_common, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Hatching, Ecology, Feeding Behavior, ECOTOXICOLOGIE, LIFE-CYCLE TESTS, Fecundity, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Fertility, Tubifex tubifex, TEST ENDPOINTS, LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS, Ecotoxicity, Reproduction, CRITERE D'EFFET BIOLOGIQUE, VER EAU DOUCE, SEDIMENTS TOXICITY TESTING
Abstract: This paper provides original collection, acclimatizing, rearing and toxicity test methods for the freshwater worm Branchiura sowerbyi, an alternative species to Tubifex tubifex for ecotoxicity evaluation of sediments. Influence of the substrate, type of food, and feeding level on individual performances was assessed in short-term tests, in order to set up optimal culture and test conditions. Low-size particles and high organic matter content favoured the growth and reproduction of B. sowerbyi. The relative contribution of sediments and fish food to the individual food intake was assessed using a foraging efficiency model based upon the dynamic energy budget theory. Individual performances were optimal when the substrate plus fish food provided the energy equivalent to 5 mg Tetramin per worm per day, which is the ad libitum food level for adults at 21 degrees C. The life-cycle of the worm was fully characterized using a life-cycle test conducted under the previously defined optimal conditions. Hatching rates were low (32%), whereas newborn and juveniles exhibited high survival (80%) and growth (2.4 mg/day in juveniles) rates. Age at puberty was low (60 days) when compared to the maximal life span (1100 days) as predicted using a Weibull model. Adults reproduced every other month with a constant fecundity (0.16 cocoon/worm/day). The mean values of the life-cycle parameters and their variability and reproducibility among laboratory studies were discussed in order to identify relevant endpoints to be used in ecotoxicity tests. Survival, juvenile growth, and fecundity may constitute suitable test endpoints, whereas hatching rate and adult growth should not be used as endpoints in B. sowerbyi.
Published: 2007

49. Surface and hyporheic oligochaete assemblages in a French suburban stream

Author: Michel Lafont, Anne Vivier, Sylvie Nogueira, Philippe Namour, Pascal Breil, Biologie des écosystèmes aquatiques (UR BELY), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Qualité des eaux et prévention des pollutions (UR QELY), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, SUBURBAN WATERCOURSES, OLIGOCHETE, URBAN INPUTS, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, OLIGOCHAETA, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, POLLUTION DE L'EAU, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, SEDIMENT, 01 natural sciences, 6. Clean water, COARSE SEDIMENTS, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, 11. Sustainability, CHAUDANNE COURS D'EAU, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ZONE PERIURBAINE, ZONE HYPORHEIQUE, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Chaudanne stream received urban inputs discharged through combined sewer overflows (CSOs). The water quality was not severely impaired, with pollution mainly of organic origin. Oligochaete assemblages were studied in the coarse surface sediments and the hyporheic zone and sampled at 4 sites on 7 occasions during 2000 and 2001. The seasonal distribution of oligochaete assemblages was analyzed by a PCA, the oligochaete species being assigned to functional traits (FTrs). Site 1, located upstream of the CSOs, was characterized by FTrs 1 and 2 (species indicating permeability and those intolerant to water pollution). Below the CSOs, high densities of oligochaetes occurred in the benthic layer of sites 3 and 4, with a predominance of FTr3 (species with tolerance to water pollution). At site 4, FTr4 species (indicative of sludge conditions) constantly predominated in the hyporheic system, but predominated in the benthos only during low stream discharges associated with peaks in CSOs. FTr3 was related to amounts of the oxidized forms of nitrogen, high stream discharges and probably to groundwater upwellings and the sludge tolerant species group (FTr4) was associated with high NH4+ contents. We are now testing the relevance and generalisation of this new approach.
Published: 2006

50. Oligochaete assemblages in the hyporheic zone and coarse surface sediments: their importance for understanding of ecological functioning of watercourses

Author: Michel Lafont and Anne Vivier
Published: 2006

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