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Our purpose was to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose of hypofractionated proton beam radiation therapy with concurrent weekly carboplatin/paclitaxel in patients with stage II-III non-small cell lung cancer.A phase I trial was designed using the time-to-event continuous reassessment method. Maximum tolerated dose was defined as the dose associated with a 20% probability of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events protocol-specified serious adverse events (SAEs). Starting dose was 3.5 Gy/fx for 15 fractions with 2 potential escalation and de-escalation levels in 0.25 Gy/fx increments. Chemotherapy was weekly concurrent carboplatin/paclitaxel with 2 cycles of optional consolidation carboplatin/paclitaxel.From May 2015 to September 2016, 23 patients enrolled at a single institution. Of 20 evaluable, median age was 66.5 years (range, 54-89) and 12 were male (60%). Fourteen (70%) had squamous cell and 15 (75%) were stage IIIA. Nineteen (95%) completed all 3 cycles of concurrent chemotherapy, and 16 (80%) received at least 1 cycle of consolidation chemotherapy. Within the 6-month time-to-event continuous reassessment method assessment window, no SAEs were reported, and most patients were treated at the highest dose level. Dose level assignment was 52.5 Gy (n = 2), 56.25 Gy (n = 4), and 60 Gy (n = 14). The posterior probability of dose-limiting toxicity for 60 Gy was 5.3% (95% confidence interval, 1%-18.1%). Acute, nonserious AEs included grade 2 esophagitis in 7 patients (35%) and grade 2 pneumonitis in 1 patient (5%). At a median follow-up of 20.3 months for all and 44.9 months for living patients, there were no grade 4 or 5 AEs, though there were 3 (21% at 24 months) SAEs outside of the dose-escalation window. The 2-year overall survival, local, regional, and distant control rates were 48%, 84%, 77%, and 79%, respectively.Hypofractionated proton beam radiation therapy and chemotherapy up to 60 Gy in 15 fractions is acutely well tolerated, with high rates of locoregional control and overall survival, though late SAEs were noted.

Some of the most important pathogens affecting wildlife are transmitted indirectly via the environment. Yet the environmental stages of pathogens are often poorly understood, relative to infection in the host, making this an important research frontier. Sarcoptic mange is a globally widespread disease caused by the parasitic mite Sarcoptes scabiei. The bare-nosed wombat (Vombatus ursinus) is particularly susceptible, and their solitary nature and overlapping use of burrows strongly indicate the importance of environmental transmission. However, due to the challenge of accessing and monitoring within wombat burrows, there has been limited research into their suitability for off-host mite survival and environmental transmission (i.e., to serve as a fomite). We created a model using published laboratory data to predict mite survival times based on temperature and humidity. We then implemented innovative technologies (ground-penetrating radar and a tele-operated robotic vehicle) to map and access wombat burrows to record temperature and relative humidity. We found that the stable conditions within burrows were conducive for off-host survival of S. scabiei, particularly in winter (estimated mite survival of 16.41 ± 0.34 days) and less so in warmer and drier months (summer estimated survival of 5.96 ± 0.37 days). We also compared two areas with higher and lower average mange prevalence in wombats (13.35% and 4.65%, respectively), finding estimated mite survival was slightly higher in the low prevalence area (10.10 and 12.12 days, respectively), contrary to our expectations, suggesting other factors are also important for population prevalence. Our study is the first to demonstrate the suitability of the bare-nosed wombat burrow for off-host mite survival and environmental transmission. Our findings have implications for understanding observed patterns of mange, disease dynamics and disease management for not only bare-nosed wombats, but also other burrow or den-obligate species exposed to S. scabiei via environmental transmission., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Wombat burrows are a source of environmental transmission of Sarcoptes scabiei. • We used ground-penetrating radar and a robotic vehicle to measure burrow conditions. • We estimate S. scabiei can survive 5.96–16.41 days within burrows depending on season. • Seasonal variation in environmental survival may influence disease dynamics in wombats.

The gut virome is an incredibly complex part of the gut ecosystem. Gut viruses play a role in many disease 9 states, but it is not yet known to what extent the gut virome impacts everyday human health. New 10 experimental and bioinformatic approaches are required to address this knowledge gap. Gut virome 11 colonisation begins at birth, becoming temporally stable over a 30-month period. The stable virome is highly 12 specific to each individual and is modulated by varying factors such as age, gender, diet, and disease state. 13 The gut virome is primarily composed of bacteriophages—predominantly crAssphage, and other 14 Caudovirales. The stability of the virome’s regular constituents is disrupted by disease. Transferring the 15 faecal microbiome and its viruses from a healthy individual can restore the functionality of the gut, and 16 alleviates the symptoms of some chronic illnesses. Investigation of the virome is a relatively novel field with 17 new genetic sequences being published at an increasing rate. Many of these present with a large percentage 18 of unknown proteins, this ‘viral dark matter’ is one of the major questions facing virologists and 19 bioinformaticians. Bioinformatics tools can be used to explore both new and existing publicly available viral 20 sequence datasets to quantify and classify viral species, but not all these tools are created equal, with some 21 being more precise, effective, and efficient than others. Here, we review the literature surrounding the gut 22 virome, how it is established, how it impacts human health, the methods used to investigate it, and the viral 23 dark matter veiling the understanding of the gut virome.

A just transition to renewable energy requires accounting for the effects of offshore wind projects (OWPs) on the fishing industry. Research on the interaction of OWPs with coastal communities and fisheries in the United Kingdom and the United States offers insights into minimizing conflict and enhancing constructive engagement between fishers and wind energy developers. Recent innovations include earlier and more meaningful inclusion of fisheries representatives in planning and decision-making, involving fisheries liaisons in the process, and conducting more cumulative studies and taking collaborative approaches to considering the effects of OWP on fishing.

The Heazlewood-Luina-Waratah area is a prospective region for minerals in northwest Tasmania, Australia, associated with historically important ore deposits related to the emplacement of granite intrusions and/or ultramafic complexes. The geology of the area is poorly understood due to the difficult terrain and dense vegetation. We have constructed an initial high-resolution 3D geologic model of this area using constraints from geologic maps and geologic and geophysical cross sections. This initial model is improved upon by integrating results from 3D geometry and physical property inversion of potential field (gravity and magnetic) data, petrophysical measurements, and updated field mapping. Geometry inversion reveals that the Devonian granites in the south are thicker than previously thought, possibly connecting to deep sources of mineralization. In addition, we identified gravity anomalies to the northeast that could be caused by near-surface granite cupolas. A newly discovered ultramafic complex linking the Heazlewood and Mount Stewart Ultramafic Complexes in the southwest also has been modeled. This implies a greater volume of ultramafic material in the Cambrian successions and points to a larger obducted component than previously thought. The newly inferred granite cupolas and ultramafic complexes are targets for future mineral exploration. Petrophysical property inversion reveals a high degree of variation in these properties within the ultramafic complexes indicating a variable degree of serpentinization. Sensitivity tests suggest maximum depths of 2–3 km for the contact aureole that surrounds major granitic intrusions in the southeast, whereas the Heazlewood River complex is likely to have a deeper source up to 4 km. We have demonstrated the value of adding geologic and petrophysical constraints to 3D modeling for the purpose of guiding mineral exploration. This is particularly important for the refinement of geologic structures in tectonically complex areas that have lithology units with contrasting magnetic and density characteristics.

Ground-penetrating radar data acquired in the 2016/17 austral summer on Sørsdal Glacier, East Antarctica, provide evidence for meltwater lenses within porous surface ice that are conceptually similar to firn aquifers observed on the Greenland Ice Sheet and the Arctic and Alpine glaciers. These englacial water bodies are associated with a dry relict surface basin and consistent with perennial drainage into an interconnected englacial drainage system, which may explain a large englacial outburst flood observed in satellite imagery in the early 2016/17 melt season. Our observations indicate the rarely-documented presence of an englacial hydrological system in Antarctica, with implications for the storage and routing of surface meltwater. Future work should ascertain the spatial prevalence of such systems around the Antarctic coastline, and identify the degree of surface runoff redistribution and storage in the near surface, to quantify their impact on surface mass balance.

Many Ph.D.'s follow an inefficient path to green cards through visas aimed at entry-level workers

The Lachlan Orogen’s mineral wealth is a direct result of tectonic processes that took place in the early Palaeozoic, but the exact nature and timing of events is widely contested. Here, we apply n...

Visa policies to retain United States-trained STEM PhDs are of central importance to national innovation and economic competitiveness. There is also growing interest in “startup” visas that stimulate entrepreneurial activity and job creation, particularly in technology sectors. However, there is little understanding of how visa policies might influence foreign PhDs’ employment in technology startups. This study investigates differences between 2,324 foreign and US PhDs from US research universities using a longitudinal survey of individuals’ preferences and characteristics during graduate school and their subsequent employment in a startup or established firm. Among PhDs whose first job is industrial research & development, 15.8% of US PhDs work in a startup compared with 6.8% of foreign PhDs. Foreign PhDs are as likely as US PhDs to apply to and receive offers for startup jobs, but conditional on receiving an offer, they are 56% less likely to work in a startup. This disparity is partially explained by differences in visa sponsorship between startups and established firms and not by foreign PhDs’ preferences for established firm jobs, risk tolerance, or preference for higher pay. Foreign PhDs who first work in an established firm and subsequently receive a green card are more likely to move to a startup than another established firm, suggesting that permanent residency facilitates startup employment. These findings suggest that US visa policies may deter foreign PhDs from working in startups, thereby restricting startups’ access to a large segment of the STEM PhD workforce and impairing startups’ ability to contribute to innovation and economic growth.

Mineral exploration and geological mapping of highly prospective areas in western Tasmania, southern Australia, is challenging due to steep topography, dense vegetation, and limited outcrop. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can potentially penetrate vegetation canopies and assist geological mapping in this environment. This study applies manual and automated lithological classification methods to airborne polarimetric TopSAR and geophysical data in the Heazlewood region, western Tasmania. Major discrepancies between classification results and the existing geological map generated fieldwork targets that led to the discovery of previously unmapped rock units. Manual analysis of radar image texture was essential for the identification of lithological boundaries. Automated pixel-based classification of radar data using Random Forests achieved poor results despite the inclusion of textural information derived from gray level co-occurrence matrices. This is because the majority of manually identified features within the radar imagery result from geobotanical and geomorphological relationships, rather than direct imaging of surficial lithological variations. Inconsistent relationships between geology and vegetation or geology and topography limit the reliability of TopSAR interpretations for geological mapping in this environment. However, Random Forest classifications, based on geophysical data and validated against manual interpretations, were accurate (∼90%) even when using limited training data (∼0.15% of total data). These classifications identified a previously unmapped region of mafic–ultramafic rocks, the presence of which was verified through fieldwork. This study validates the application of machine learning for geological mapping in remote and inaccessible localities but also highlights the limitations of SAR data in thickly vegetated terrain.

Offshore wind farms (OWF) form an important part of many countries strategy for responding to the threat of climate change, their development can conflict with other offshore activities. Static gear fisheries targeting sedentary benthic species are particularly affected by spatial management that involves exclusion of fishers. Here we investigate the ecological effect of a short-term closure of a European lobster (Homarus gammarus (L.)) fishing ground, facilitated by the development of the Westermost Rough OWF located on the north-east coast of the United Kingdom. We also investigate the effects on the population when the site is reopened on completion of the construction. We find that temporary closure offers some respite for adult animals and leads to increases in abundance and size of the target species in that area. Reopening of the site to fishing exploitation saw a decrease in catch rates and size structure, this did not reach levels below that of the surrounding area. Opening the site to exploitation allows the fishery to recuperate some of the economic loss during the closure. We suggest that our results may indicate that temporary closures of selected areas may be beneficial and offer a management option for lobster fisheries.

Prograded barriers are depositional coastal landforms which preserve past shoreline locations and have been studied in order to understand the fundamental drivers of barrier formation. This paper reconstructs the Holocene history of the Seven Mile Beach, prograded barrier in Tasmania, Australia using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, ground penetrating radar (GPR), light detection and ranging (LiDAR) elevation models and sedimentological analyses. Shoreline progradation of the barrier commenced around 7300 years ago and continued to near present despite a ~ 3000 pause in deposition between 6700 and 3600 years ago indicative of substantial changes in sediment availability. GPR imaged subsurface structures contain a record of seaward dipping reflectors preserved as sediment supplied beaches and dunes leading to shoreline progradation. In the past 500 years a large transgressive dune has formed, built from reworked barrier sands, and now dominates the eastern portion of the barrier implying that shoreline progradation has ceased. This study reaffirms the notion that relict foredune ridges are strongly aligned with modal wave refraction patterns in planform and emphasises the importance of sediment delivery as a key driver of shoreline progradation through beachface and dune accretion. The substantial pause in shoreline progradation on this barrier system, as observed on others around the world, requires further explanation. Although changes in sediment delivery have been inferred, it may also be appropriate to reopen the debate on Holocene sea-level change in Tasmania.

Prior research has shown that immigrants make important contributions to US innovation and are more likely than natives to become entrepreneurs. However, there is little evidence on how foreign and native high-skilled workers differ prior to entering the workforce. Moreover, little attention has been paid to distinguishing between founders and employees who join startups. We draw on a longitudinal survey of over 5,600 foreign and native STEM PhD students at U.S. research universities to examine entrepreneurial characteristics and career preferences prior to graduation, as well as founding and employment outcomes after graduation. First, we find that foreign PhD students differ from native PhD students with respect to individual characteristics typically associated with entrepreneurship such as risk tolerance, a preference for autonomy, and interest in commercialization. Second, foreign PhD students are more likely to express intentions to become a founder or a startup employee prior to graduation. Third, despite their entrepreneurial career interests, foreign PhDs are less likely to become founders or startup employees in their first industry job after graduation. These patterns call for future research on factors that enable or constrain foreign STEM workers from realizing their entrepreneurial career aspirations.

Visa policies to retain United States-trained STEM PhDs are of central importance to national innovation and economic competitiveness. There is also growing interest in “startup” visas that stimulate entrepreneurial activity and job creation, particularly in technology sectors. However, there is little understanding of how visa policies might influence foreign PhDs’ employment in technology startups. This study investigates differences between 2,324 foreign and US PhDs from US research universities using a longitudinal survey of individuals’ preferences and characteristics during graduate school and their subsequent employment in a startup or established firm. Among PhDs whose first job is industrial research & development, 15.8% of US PhDs work in a startup compared with 6.8% of foreign PhDs. Foreign PhDs are as likely as US PhDs to apply to and receive offers for startup jobs, but conditional on receiving an offer, they are 56% less likely to work in a startup. This disparity is partially explained by differences in visa sponsorship between startups and established firms and not by foreign PhDs’ preferences for established firm jobs, risk tolerance, or preference for higher pay. Foreign PhDs who first work in an established firm and subsequently receive a green card are more likely to move to a startup than another established firm, suggesting that permanent residency facilitates startup employment. These findings suggest that US visa policies may deter foreign PhDs from working in startups, thereby restricting startups’ access to a large segment of the STEM PhD workforce and impairing startups’ ability to contribute to innovation and economic growth.

In this study, a regional model that defines the three-dimensional geometry of the subsurface geology beneath the complex, prospective northwestern Tasmania has been developed. This has been achieved using a series of potential field inversions constrained by surface geology, geological sections, seismic interpretations and a newly extended petrophysical dataset. Three major episodes of granitic magmatism are preserved in Tasmania: in the Neoproterozoic, Cambrian and Devonian. Granite bodies are hence considered important indicators of mineralization for explorers in an area of challenging vegetation, topography and cover sequences. Forward modelling and property-based inversions of the pre-existing geological model show that the previously interpreted subsurface geometry is not compatible with potential field data. Four sub-regions displayed a large discrepancy between calculated and observed data. This study redefines the subsurface geometries of these sub-regions through individual geometry inversions. The density and magnetic susceptibility ranges of units are further refined through property inversions. The modified geometry of the Devonian granites in the four sub-regions may be summarized as follows: 1) the Housetop Granite is relatively thin (≤5 km thickness), whereas 2) the Heemskirk and Meredith Granites are very thick and granite extends to a shallower depth between these bodies than previously interpreted. This region between plutons is thus a more prospective region than previously thought. 3) For the first time, an intrusive body underlying the eastern part of the Rocky Cape Group has been identified. Its petrophysical properties are similar to that of a granite, and its top is interpreted at a depth of >3 km. This interpreted low density (granitic) unit may be either Neoproterozoic or Devonian. 4) A new non-magnetic, low density Cambrian granite, with a minimum burial depth of 1 km, is also modelled in 3D, within the Mount Read Volcanics, in the south of the study area. Our approach, whereby sub-regions are identified for more detailed modelling, enables new constraints to be introduced in a computationally efficient way, and has general application to refining the geometry of key structures in prospective regions.

SUMMARY The continental crust of southeast Australia is a complex and highly prospective area. Southeast Australia comprises the Delamerian and Lachlan Orogenies which, together with the Eastern Tasmania Terrane, are understood to have Phanerozoic basement. In contrast, the Western Tasmanian Terrane comprises areas of exposed Neoproterozoic basement which were assembled along the proto-Pacific margin of East Gondwana. In this study, the crustal structure across southeast Australia and Tasmania is considered using seismic and aeromagnetic methods. We use previous passive seismic results and present a new analysis of magnetic data. The Curie temperature, the temperature at which magnetic rocks lose their magnetisation, is investigated using spectral analysis of aeromagnetic data and the Curie point depth (CPD) is consequently determined. CPD is compared to the depth of the seismic Moho discontinuity throughout the study area. The Moho depth and newly calculated CPD throughout the study area vary from ~20 to >38 km and ~25 to >45 km, respectively. The CPD is slightly shallower than the Moho across the study area. The Delamerian and Lachlan Orogenies are underlain by a 30-35 km and ~4050 km deep Moho respectively, while average CPD depths are ~30 and ~28 km for these regions. A relatively shallow CPD is observed in the northeast of the study area and corresponds to Cainozoic volcanism in eastern Australia. The shallow Moho beneath Tasmania supports the idea of crustal thinning during Gondwana breakup. In Tasmania, CPD increases in depth from ~21 km in the northwest to >31 km in north. This is consistent with variations in the depth of the Moho from 25 km in the northwest to 37 km in the north.

The papers included in this symposium aim to enrich and complement the growing literature on entrepreneurial motives from different theoretical and methodological perspectives. While all focus on u...

New geophysical data acquired during three expeditions of the R/V Southern Surveyor in the southern part of the North Fiji Basin allow us to characterize the deformation of the upper plate at the southern termination of the New Hebrides subduction zone, where it bends eastward along the Hunter Ridge. Unlike the northern end of the Tonga subduction zone, on the other side of the North Fiji Basin, the 90° bend does not correspond to the transition from a subduction zone to a transform fault, but it is due to the progressive retreat of the New Hebrides trench. The subduction trench retreat is accommodated in the upper plate by the migration toward the southwest of the New Hebrides arc and toward the south of the Hunter Ridge, so that the direction of convergence remains everywhere orthogonal to the trench. In the back-arc domain, the active deformation is characterized by propagation of the back-arc spreading ridge into the Hunter volcanic arc. The N-S spreading axis propagates southward and penetrates in the arc, where it connects to a sinistral strike-slip zone via an oblique rift. The collision of the Loyalty Ridge with the New Hebrides arc, less than two million years ago, likely initiated this deformation pattern and the fragmentation of the upper plate. In this particular geodynamic setting, with an oceanic lithosphere subducting beneath a highly sheared volcanic arc, a wide range of primitive subduction-related magmas has been produced including adakites, island arc tholeiites, back-arc basin basalts, and medium-K subduction-related lavas.

Low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently been integrated with radiation therapy systems to provide image guidance for daily cancer radiation treatments. The main benefit of the low-field strength is minimal electron return effects. The main disadvantage of low-field strength is increased image noise compared to diagnostic MRIs conducted at 1.5 T or higher. The increased image noise affects both the discernibility of soft tissues and the accuracy of further image processing tasks for both clinical and research applications, such as tumor tracking, feature analysis, image segmentation, and image registration. An innovative method, adaptive anatomical preservation optimal denoising (AAPOD), was developed for optimal image denoising, i.e., to maximally reduce noise while preserving the tissue boundaries. AAPOD employs a series of adaptive nonlocal mean (ANLM) denoising trials with increasing denoising filter strength (i.e., the block similarity filtering parameter in the ANLM algorithm), and then detects the tissue boundary losses on the differences of sequentially denoised images using a zero-crossing edge detection method. The optimal denoising filter strength per voxel is determined by identifying the denoising filter strength value at which boundary losses start to appear around the voxel. The final denoising result is generated by applying the ANLM denoising method with the optimal per-voxel denoising filter strengths. The experimental results demonstrated that AAPOD was capable of reducing noise adaptively and optimally while avoiding tissue boundary losses. AAPOD is useful for improving the quality of MRIs with low-contrast-to-noise ratios and could be applied to other medical imaging modalities, e.g., computed tomography.

Background : Although survival is historically low for patients presenting with N2 lung cancer, patients who respond to chemotherapy have up to a 30% chance for long term survival or cure. Selective pulmonary artery perfusion (SPAP) has been examined in several animal studies as a method for delivering chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer; however, there is a paucity of data regarding the effect of SPAP on regional lymph nodes. Methods: Left SPAP was performed using gemcitabine on five swine and compared with standard central venous infusion in controls. Samples were taken from lung, kidney, liver, plasma, and lymph nodes. Tissue was measured for gemcitabine concentration using mass spectroscopy. Results: Left SPAP resulted in significantly higher gemcitabine concentration than standard infusion in hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes while plasma gemcitabine concentration was not significantly different. Conclusion: SPAP is a viable technique for concentrating a chemotherapeutic agent in the mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes. This could potentially increase the response to chemotherapy and render more patients to be surgical candidates who present with N2 disease. World J Oncol. 2014;5(1):1-6 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10. 14740/wjon788 w

Community Power? has been a part of our energy infrastructure for as long as investor-owned electric utilities. These small community utility companies often originated from local hydropower resources or were in rural areas that for-profit utility companies did not want to serve because of the high cost of the infrastructure relative to demand.

It is often assumed that academically trained scientists have a strong taste for science and are willing to “pay” for the ability to openly disclose their research results. However, little is known regarding how scientists considering jobs in industrial R&D make trade-offs between positions that allow publishing on the one hand and positions that do not allow publishing but offer higher pay on the other. Using data on over 1900 science and engineering PhD candidates about to enter the job market, we find that while some are unwilling to give up publishing at virtually any price, over one third of those most likely to seek positions in industrial research are willing to forego publishing for free. We develop a simple model of the “price” scientists assign to publishing in firms and explore potential sources of heterogeneity empirically. We find that the price of publishing increases with individuals’ preferences for various benefits from publishing such as peer recognition and contributing to society, but it decreases with their preference for money. Scientists who believe themselves to be of high ability and who train at top tier institutions have a higher price of publishing. Yet, they are more expensive to hire (not less) even if publishing is allowed. We discuss implications for research on the economics of science and on compensating differentials, for managers seeking to attract and retain academically trained personnel, and for firms considering their participation in open science.

A high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM), generated from airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) remote sensing data, is used here to estimate the 3-D orientation of bedding planes. Methods for enhancement, manual identification and extraction of lineaments, and estimation of best fit planes representing bedding are presented and evaluated for a study area in folded metasedimentary rocks in northeast Tasmania, Australia. Estimated bedding plane dip directions are shown to be accurate and reliable when compared with field-based observations. The same cannot be said for dip angle estimates. It is likely that small errors in the location of a manually digitized lineament will affect dip estimation more than dip direction estimation, particularly for steeply dipping structures. Fold axis orientations calculated from the stereographic analysis of estimated bedding closely correspond to orientations determined from field data. The mean absolute differences $\pm$ standard error for 12 of the 14 regularly spaced domains located within the study area were $8.7^{\circ} \pm 1.2^{\circ}$ for the fold plunge and $4.9^{\circ} \pm 0.9^{\circ}$ for the fold trend. The techniques described here for the extraction of bedding plane orientations from high-resolution DEMs complement field-based geological mapping and can assist structural interpretations.

Web surveys have become increasingly central to innovation research but often suffer from low response rates. Based on a cost–benefits framework and the explicit consideration of heterogeneity across respondents, we consider the effects of key contact design features such as personalization, incentives, and the exact timing of survey contacts on web survey response rates. We also consider the benefits of a “dynamic strategy”, i.e., the approach to change features of survey contacts over the survey life cycle. We explore these effects experimentally using a career survey sent to over 24,000 junior scientists and engineers. The results show that personalization increases the odds of responding by as much as 48%, while lottery incentives with a high payoff and a low chance of winning increase the odds of responding by 30%. Furthermore, changing the wording of reminders over the survey life cycle increases the odds of a response by over 30%, while changes in contact timing (day of the week or hour of the day) did not have significant benefits. Improvements in response rates did not come at the expense of lower data quality. Our results provide novel insights into web survey response behavior and suggest useful tools for innovation researchers seeking to increase survey participation.