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1. Assessment of the status of emergency obstetric care services in primary health-care centers in selected local government areas of Rivers State, Nigeria

Author

Ishmael D Jaja and Michael Promise Ogolodom

Subjects
emergency, intervention, obstetric, primary health care, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Background: Reducing maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity are major public health concern globally and demands policies and commitments, strategy formulations and implementation and improved health-care service delivery and management. This study aimed to evaluate the status of emergency obstetric care (EmOC) services in primary health care centers in selected local government areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study, which was conducted among primary health-care workers in Rivers State, Nigeria. Data obtained were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Among the participants in the intervention group, 72 (79.1%) were females, while 19 (20.9%) were males. In the control group, 67 (78.8%) were females, while 18 (21.2%) were males. There was no statistically significant difference between the intervention and the control groups as regards sex (χ2 = 0.0023; P = 0.96). There was no statistically significant difference in the marital status of the participants between the intervention and control groups (χ2 = 0.81; P = 0.93). Midwives/nurses were highest in number with 32 (35.2%) and 27 (31.8%) in the intervention and control groups, respectively, and the least were health attendants with 6 (6.6%) and 7 (8.2%) in the intervention and control groups, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between participants in the intervention and control groups (χ2 = 1.05; P = 0.96). Conclusions: This study revealed that of all the EmOC signal functions, administration of antibiotics, and oxytocics were the most performed. This study revealed a nonperformance of other signal functions, namely administration of parenteral anticonvulsants for preeclampsia and eclampsia using magnesium sulfate, removal of retained products, assisted vaginal delivery using vacuum extraction or forceps delivery, blood transfusion, and surgery.

Published
2023
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2. Radiotherapy services in low resource settings: The situation in Nigeria

Author

Abidoye Matthew Akinwande, Daniel Chimuanya Ugwuanyi, Hyacienth Uche Chiegwu, Felicitas Idigo, Michael Promise Ogolodom, Chidinma Pamela Anakwenze, Roland Abi, and Oluwaponmile Odukoya

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Objective: About 50%–60% of all cancer cases will require radiotherapy during their treatment. Nonetheless, radiotherapy facilities are limited in low- and middle-income countries and despite high cancer burden in these regions of the world, only 5% have access to radiation therapy. This study identified the location of radiotherapy centers, the types of radiotherapy machines available and the personnel available in each radiotherapy center in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study conducted across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria from May 2020 to April 2021. A questionnaire having sections on facility profile, status of facility, and human resources, was used to elucidate information for the study. Descriptive statistics (frequency and proportion) were used to describe facilities’ characteristics, status, and human resources available. Results: Out of nine radiotherapy centers evaluated, the majority 33.3% ( n = 3) were found in the southwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Out of 10 equipment and accessories evaluated for availability, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital and University of Benin Teaching Hospital had the highest number of available equipment and accessories 90% ( n = 9) each respectively. Out of the nine centers evaluated, only four centers had at least one functional equipment. The highest number 64.3% ( n = 9) out of the 14 required number of staff in each center was found at University College Hospital. Out of 31 medical physicists identified, the majority 22.6% ( n = 7) was found at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital. Conclusion: A high percentage of radiotherapy centers in Nigeria lacks the equipment and manpower to function optimally and is located within the southwest geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Therefore, proper investment in the radiotherapy service through private–public partnership, staff training, and equipment upgrade and maintenance could substantially improve the state of cancer care.

Published
2023
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3. Evaluation of common findings in brain computerized tomography (CT) scan: A single center study

Author

Daniel Chimuanya Ugwuanyi, Tochukwu Florence Sibeudu, Chidmma Precious Irole, Michael Promise Ogolodom, Chukwudi Thaddeus Nwagbara, Adaobi Maryann Ibekwe, and Awajimijan Nathaniel Mbaba

Subjects
brain computed tomography, common findings, exposure, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Background Computed Tomography (CT) is an invaluable imaging tool in the diagnostic workup of patients presenting with head trauma, stroke, brain tumour and epilepsy. The objective of this study was to document the common intracranial pathologies as revealed by CT in our setting and also determine if the indications for CT scan are justified so that patients are not exposed to radiation unnecessarily. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Hansa Clinic Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria. Demographic data and brain CT radiological reports with imaging findings and clinical indications for patients referred to this study centre from January, 2017 to January 2019 were retrieved from the CT reports' archives and reviewed retrospectively. Relevant information such age, gender, radiological CT findings and clinical indications were collected using structured proforma. Results A total of 300 patients' brain CT radiological reports were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 41.25 ± 16.5 years with majority been within the age group of 31–40 years 92 (30.67%). Out of 300 cases, normal finding was highest 117 (39%) and the least was intracranial physiological calcification, which is 1 (0.33%). Headache is the most common clinical indication, 53 (17.67%) the least was unsteady Gait, which is 3 (1%). The Chi-square test revealed that there was statistically significance relationship between brain CT findings and clinical indications for the investigations (X2 = 285.60, p = 0.002). Conclusion The study showed that more males than females undergo brain CT scan with headache being the most common presenting complaint. The majority of findings of the brain CT scans in this study are normal despite, myriads of complaints necessitating the investigations. The study also revealed significant association between clinical indications and CT findings.

Published
2020
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4. Effects of Variations in Imaging Parameters on Image Quality of Non Contrast Computed Tomography Scans of Brain: A Cross-sectional Study

Author

Nmesoma Francisca Ukaji, Christopher Chukwuemeka Ohagwu, and Michael Promise Ogolodom

Subjects
ionising radiation, protocols, radiation dose, Medicine
Abstract

Introduction: The radiation dose absorbed during Computed Tomography (CT) investigation of the head, which could be reduced by altering the scan parameters, is of great concern considering the radiosensitive organs around this region. Aim: To investigate the relationship between variations in scan parameters and image quality in brain CT scanning. Materials and Methods: This was an experimental crosssectional study conducted at a private diagnostic clinic in Enugu State, Nigeria, from September 2018 to February 2019 with a total sample size of 150. All adult patients who reported at the centre for non contrast CT of brain during the study period {but not limited to participants with Anteroposterior Circumference Diameter (APCD) 170-180 cm of brain} were selected using consecutive sampling method. The samples was divided into three groups, a control group and two experimental groups. Scan parameters such as kilovolts (kV), milliamperes (mA) and Gantry Rotation Time (GRT) varied across the three groups studied and the corresponding image parameters such as image noise, Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR) and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) were obtained and statistically analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: There were statistically significant correlations of image parameters with scan parameters Group I (control): (CNR: r=0.857, p-value

Published
2021
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5. Pattern of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Lumbar Spine Pathologies and its Correlation with Demographic Variables in Rivers State

Author

Michael Promise Ogolodom, Anthony Chukwuka Ugwu, Christopher O Akosile, and Awajimijan N Mbaba

Subjects
disability, low back, pathology, spinal, Medicine
Abstract

Introduction: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) currently is an excellent imaging modality of choice for the demonstration of pathologies of the lumbar spine and the intervertebral disc. A sound knowledge of the common pathologies of the lumbar spine in our setting will assist clinicians and radiologists in making accurate diagnosis. Aim: To determine the type and distribution of MRI findings in lumbar spine pathologies and its demographic correlation in Rivers State. Materials and Methods: This was an observational crosssectional study carried out among all symptomatic and asymptomatic patients who were referred for lumbar spine MRI at some selected Imaging Diagnostics Centres in Rivers State, from May 2020 to November 2020. The lumbar spine MRI examinations were performed using 0.35 Tesla MRI machines with both planar surface and multicoil phased array. The patients were evaluated for disabilities using the Nurick grading classifications. Data obtained were analysed using both descriptive (mean, deviation, frequency and percentage) and inferential (Pearson’s Correlation) statistical tools. The level of statistically significance was set at p

Published
2021
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10. Impact of the COVID 19 Pandemic on Health Care Workers in Latin America and the Caribbean

Author

Awajimijan Nathaniel Mbaba, Michael Promise Ogolodom, Evelin Escalona, Luís Vicente Sánchez, Misael Ron, and Estela Hernández-Runque

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Objective: The objective of this research was to analyze official data on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Latin American and Caribbean health care workers. Materials and Methods: The methodology used was documentary, exploratory and descriptive research. The data were collected from official reports of international organizations such as the World Health Organization, the International Labor Organization and figures provided by the different official spokespersons of the Latin American countries studied, for the period March 2020 - August 2021. Results: The results showed that the top three countries with the highest number of infected and confirmed healthcare workers were Brazil with a total of 503,238 cases, Mexico with 244,711 cases and Argentina with 96,626 cases. The top three countries with the highest number of deaths of health personnel from this cause are Mexico with 4,084 cases, Peru with 1,399 cases and Brazil with 703 cases. Similarly, the countries with the highest fatality rates are Venezuela with 4.6%, Peru with 1.9% and Mexico with 1.7%. Conclusion: It can be concluded that this pandemic has directly affected health professionals in Latin America and the Caribbean, representing one of the greatest challenges ever faced by these professionals in the performance of their duties.

Published
2022
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11. Patients’ Perceptions of Hospital Care in a Covid-19 Pandemic Population

Author

Aniebo Nonyelum, Awajimijan Nathaniel Mbaba, Michael Promise Ogolodom, and Okechwukwu Felix Erondu

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Background: COVID-19 pandemic was associated with pandemonium and misinformation, affecting patients' health-seeking behavior. This study was designed to explore patients' perceptions of hospital care during this period and to provide evidence-based and appropriate public health planning strategies. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 155 patients using 22 items structured and self-completion questionnaires to determine (A) Socio-demographic variables, (B) Knowledge and perception of the disease, and (C) The participants’ behaviors towards COVID-19. A Hardcopy version of the questionnaire was administered to the respondents by direct issuance. Results: 103(66.45%) of the respondents knew the cause of COVID-19, while 104 (67.09%) agreed that people can be infected with COVID-19 in the hospital. 84 (54.19%) were afraid of a hospital visit and 66 (42.58%) are unwilling to self-report if they have minor symptoms. A large number 43(27.74%) perceived a clean environment as the impetus to make them comfortable in the hospital. Conclusion: Our study illuminates gaps in the patients’ perceptions of hospital care during the COVID-19 pandemic, which impacted negatively on the patient population as they avoided hospitalization for fear of contracting COVID-19 in the hospital. Furthermore, appropriate public health strategies can improve patients’ perceptions and health-seeking behavior in a pandemic period.

Published
2021
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12. Survey of Absorbed Dose from Chest X-Ray of Paediatric Patients in Port Harcourt, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Awajimjana Nathaniel Mbaba, Michael Promise Ogolodom, and Zedekiah Uriah Emmanuel

Subjects
Cross-sectional study, business.industry, Absorbed dose, X-ray, Medicine, Port harcourt, Thermoluminescent dosimeter, Radiation protection, Paediatric radiology, Nuclear medicine, business, Paediatric patients
Abstract

Background: Radiation protection in paediatric radiology deserves special attention as children are supposed to be more sensitive to radiation than adults. Aim: This study was designed to evaluate the radiation doses for paediatric patients undergoing diagnostic chest X-ray examination. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey, which targeted paediatric patients of (0-10) years who were referred by their physicians for chest X-rays examination. The data used for this work were generated using a Thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) chip. One TLD chips was placed in the front of the chest to measure the Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) (µGy) and another at the back of the patient directly opposite the one in front to measure the Exit Dose (ED) (µGy). Patient dose, age, ESD, ED and absorbed dose were obtained. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The mean ESD, ED and absorbed dose values were 1.8330± 1.122mGy, 1.0913± 0.7505mGy and 0.7520 ± 3.8160mGy respectively. The ED values in chest X-rays were 0.73± 0.30mGy for age group

Published
2021
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13. Occupational Stress Level and the Associated Factors among Intern Radiographers in Anambra State, Nigeria

Author

Michael Promise Ogolodom, Elizabeth Amini Okankwu, Hyacienth Uche Chiegwu, Joan Somto Okeke, Dlama Zira Joseph, Daniel C. Ugwuanyi, Beatrice U. Maduka, Oluwafemi O. Egbeyemi, Clement Ugochukwu Nyenke, and Egop Brownson Egop

Subjects
Occupation, Workplace, Stress, Intern radiographer
Abstract

Background: Stress can be defined as a person's psychological and physiological response to the perception of demand and challenges. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the level and associated factors of occupational stress among intern radiographers in some selected healthcare facilities in Anambra state, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based design was adopted for this study. Thirty intern radiographers were conveniently selected. The questionnaires were administered to the participants and the completed ones were retrieved immediately. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis and the p-value was kept at 0.05. Results: A total of 100 % (n=30) of the participants experienced occupational stress in their workplaces. More than half, 56.7% (n=17) of the participants sometimes felt stressed by the number of clinical duties they carried out in a day, and 53.3% (n=16) of the participants were always pressurized to increase service delivery to patients in the department. The majority 86.7 % (n=26) perceived workload due to the shortage of radiographers as their source of stress. The majority 83.3 % (n=25) of the participants sometimes lose control of their patients' uncooperative behavior. Gender variation in relation to the level of occupational stress among intern radiographers was not significant (p=0.054). Conclusion: A good number of the participants perceived stress at their workplace to have significantly affected their job performance and overall productivity. Therefore, healthcare facilities should incorporate organizing stress management workshops into recruitment protocols, to help new employees to cope with occupational stress.&nbsp

Published
2022
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14. A JOURNEY THROUGH RURAL COMMUNITY RADIOGRAPHY PRACTICE IN SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA: RADIOGRAPHERS’ PERCEPTION, WILLINGNESS AND BARRIERS

Author

Michael Promise Ogolodom, Awajimijan Nathaniel Mbaba, Beatrice Ukamaka Maduka, Chima Jude Iloka, Ikechukwu Felix Erondu, Uche Nathaniel Eja-Egwu, Nengi Alazigha, Egop Egop Brownson, Victor Kelechi Nwodo, and Robert O. Akhigbe

Abstract

IntroductionThe lack of healthcare professionals and their retention in rural areas has become a serious concern to the health sector globally. Retaining health staff in rural areas has proven difficult as young professionals prefer urban postings. This study aimed to assess radiographers’ perception and willingness to work in rural areas of Rivers State.MethodThis cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted among radiographers in Rivers State. The participants’ socio-demographic variables and their responses to willingness and perception to work in rural areas were obtained and analyzed.ResultsOnly few 30% (n=12) of the respondents were willing to work in the rural areas of Rivers state. However, the majority of 95 %(n=38) of the respondents perceived extra payment as an incentive for them to be willing to work in the rural areas of this study location. Most 88 %(n=35) of the respondents perceived unfavorable working conditions in rural areas as a barrier to their willingness. A large proportion of 55 %(n=22) of the respondents stated that their marital status was a barrier to working in rural areas. More than half (85%, n=34) of the respondents perceived poor accommodation as a barrier to working in rural areas. The majority 88% (n=35) of the respondents stated that militant activities was a barrier to their willingness to work in the rural areas of Rivers State. There were statistically significant relationships between the evaluated respondent’s socio-demographic variables gender (χ2 = 48.000, p = 0.000), years of working experience (χ2 = 47.500, p = 0.000), marital status (χ2 = 84.966, p = 0.000) and age (χ2 = 76.758, p = 0.021) and their willingness to work in the rural areas of Rivers State.ConclusionThe key findings suggest that the majority of the Radiographers were not willing to work in the rural areas of Rivers State. The reasons adduced for their strong disinclination were based on their perception of unfavorable working conditions in the rural areas. Nonetheless, they were of the opinion that financial inducement could influence their willingness to work in rural areas.

Published
2022
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15. PATTERNS OF CHEST COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FINDINGS IN COVID-19 PATIENTS IN PORT HARCOURT RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

Author

Michael Promise Ogolodom, Rufus Abam, Ugwuanyi Dc, Okechukwu Felix Erondu, Olukunmi Yetunde Ijeruh, Awajimijan Nathaniel Mbaba, JC Eze, and Chidinma Wekhe

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, medicine, Computed tomography, Radiology, Port harcourt, business
Abstract

Background: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is usually under diagnosed in resource-constrained countries as Africa. Although Real-time-reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing is considered to be the gold standard tool to diagnose or screen for COVID-19, chest imaging is a valuable tool to support the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Therefore, Radiologists usually play an important role in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia, especially in resource-constrained environments. This study aimed to evaluate the patterns of chest CT findings in covid-19 pneumonia and to emphasize its diagnostic value in coronavirus disease. Materials and Method: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in a reputable diagnostic center in Port Harcourt and comprised of 13 chest CT images diagnosed of Covid-19 pneumonia that met the inclusion criteria set for this study. All the chest CT examinations were performed by registered radiographers on a 64-slice CT scanner (GE Optima CT660, GE medical systems). Results: Chest CT findings in patients with confirmed covid-19 infection was evaluated and the results revealed that 13 (100%) had GGO. Out of 13 patients with GGO, bilateral distribution of the opacities was found in 11(84.62%), followed by peripheral opacities 9(69%) and the least 2 (15.38%) was unilateral distribution. Conclusion: The commonest chest CT appearance of covid-19 pneumonia is bilateral GGO with a predilection for the lower lobes of the lungs. Radiologists and clinicians should take cognizance of imaging appearances and diagnostic capabilities of Chest CT in covid-19 pneumonia, especially in the context of the current pandemic.

Published
2021
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16. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on radiography education in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria

Author

Victor Kelechi Nwodo, Michael S. Okpaleke, Uche Nathaniel Eja-Egwu, Chigozie Ivor Nwobi, Michael Promise Ogolodom, and CC Ohagwu

Subjects
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Radiography, Pandemic, Medicine, Medical emergency, business, medicine.disease
Abstract

COVID-19 pandemic shutdown of tertiary institutions in Nigeria and globally following the lockdown of socio-economic activities. There is paucity of data on the effects of the pandemic on Radiography education in Nigerian universities especially in Nnamdi Azikiwe University (NAU) Nnewi campus. This prospective cross - sectional study was carried out using a structured questionnaire. One hundred and twenty- five questionnaires were distributed by the researcher to students, academic and non-academic staff of the department of Radiography, NAU, and one hundred was retrieved thereafter. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23 at 5% level of significance. The major effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Radiography education in NAU were poor access to education financing (97%), poor attendance to lectures (91%), poor academic performance after the lockdown (85%), better attitude to infection control (81%), disruption of academic calendar (88%), the rushing of many lectures over a short time and low assimilation/understanding among students (75%), the predominance of physical classroom lectures especially among undergraduates (55%), promoted online lectures especially among postgraduate students (45%), better hygiene culture (35%, 0.00076 = p < 0.05, adjusted α = 0.0032) ) and loss of interest in education (27.5%). However, only the enthronement of better hygiene culture had significant effects on Radiography education (p = 0.00076). The study concludes that the only significant and positive effect of COVID-19 pandemic on Radiography education in NAU was the enthronement of better hygiene culture.

Published
2021
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18. ONLINE LEARNING IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE EXPERIENCES OF NURSING AND RADIOGRAPHY UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS

Author

Michael Promise Ogolodom, Awajimijan Nathaniel Mbaba, Michael Sunday Okpaleke, Immaculata Oluchi Chukwueze, Elizabeth Amini Okankwu, Dlama Zira Joseph, Nengi Alazigha, Onosakponome Evelyn Orevaoghene, and Egop Egop Brownson

Subjects
Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Abstract

Online education spreads even in the medical field where traditional method of learning is more convenient. This study was designed to evaluate the experiences of Nursing and Radiography undergraduate students of online learning in Nigerian universities during the Covid-19 pandemic.This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based, which included 540 nursing and radiography students. The completed questionnaires were retrieved by the researchers. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for statistical analysis with significance level set at p0.05.Large numbers 41.3% (n = 223) of the respondents perceived the online learning to be slightly stressful and the least 7.4% (n = 40) perceived the online learning to be extremely stressful. The challenges were financial constraints 29.6% (n = 160), no internet access (22.2%, n = 120), lack of technical knowhow (14.8%, n = 80) and poor communication with lectures and peers (5.6%, n = 30).This study revealed good and positive attitudes of the students towards the online learning method during the Covid-19. Most of them perceived online learning method to be beneficial to their educational progress. The challenges encountered by the students as revealed in this study included; financial constraints, internet access, unstable/slow internet access, lack of mobile data, poor communication with lecturers and peers, and no access to computer device.

Published
2022

19. SONOGRAPHIC REFERENCE LUMINAL DIAMETER OF THE ABDOMINAL AORTA AMONG SUBJECTS IN NIGERIA

Author

Michael S. Okpaleke, V. C. Ikamaise, Michael Promise Ogolodom, Anthony Chukwuka Ugwu, and Kenneth K. Agwu

Subjects
Aorta, Percentile, medicine.medical_specialty, Correlation coefficient, Luminal diameter, business.industry, Abdominal aorta, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Statistical significance, medicine.artery, Internal medicine, medicine, Population study, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Body mass index
Abstract

Objective: The objective of the study was to develop a reference luminal diameter (LD) of the abdominal aorta (AA) in Abuja, Nigeria. Methods: The LD of the AA of 422 male and female healthy subjects was measured sonographically using standard protocol. The relationship between age, body mass index (BMI), gender, and the LD of the AA was determined in the subjects. Statistical analysis was performed by the Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient at p < 0.05 level of significance. Results: The values of the LD of the AA in the healthy subjects were 15.16 ± 0.55 mm in males and 15.15 ± 0.55 mm in females. The 5th and 95th percentile normal reference limits of the AA were 14.20–16.10 mm, respectively. There were no significant differences in the LD measurements in male and female subjects. Age correlated strongly positively with LD (ɼ=0.90) of the AA in both genders. BMI showed weak positive correlation with LD (ɼ=0.136) of the AA in female healthy subjects only. Conclusion: The reference LD of the AA in the study population was 15.16 ± 0.55 mm in males and 15.15 ± 0.55 mm in females. The LD of the AA increased proportionately with age.

Published
2021
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21. Global multi-stakeholder endorsement of the MAFLD definition

Author

Nahum Méndez-Sánchez, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Robert G Gish, Frank Lammert, Herbert Tilg, Mindie H Nguyen, Shiv K Sarin, Núria Fabrellas, Shira Zelber-Sagi, Jian-Gao Fan, Gamal Shiha, Giovanni Targher, Ming-Hua Zheng, Wah-Kheong Chan, Shlomo Vinker, Takumi Kawaguchi, Laurent Castera, Yusuf Yilmaz, Marko Korenjak, C Wendy Spearman, Mehmet Ungan, Melissa Palmer, Mortada El-Shabrawi, Hans-Juergen Gruss, Jean-François Dufour, Anil Dhawan, Heiner Wedemeyer, Jacob George, Luca Valenti, Yasser Fouad, Manuel Romero‐Gomez, Mohammed Eslam, Maria Lorena Abate, Bahaa Abbas, Ahmed Amr Abbassy, Waleed Abd El Ghany, Amira Abd Elkhalek, Emad Abd ElMajeed, Mohammad Abdalgaber, Mohamed AbdAllah, Marwa Abdallah, Nourhan Abdallah, Shereen Abdelaleem, Yasser Abdelghani, Wael Abdelghany, Safaa Mohamed Abdelhalim, Wafaa Abdelhamid, Nehal Abdelhamid, Nadia A. Abdelkader, Elsayed Abdelkreem, Aly Mohamed Abdelmohsen, Awny Ali Abdelrahman, Sherief M Abd-elsalam, Doaa Abdeltawab, Abdulbaset Abduh, Nada Abdulhakam, Maheeba Abdulla, Navid Abedpoor, Ludovico Abenavoli, Fredrik Åberg, Omala Ablack, Mostafa Abo elftouh, Yousry Esam-Eldin Abo-Amer, Ashraf Aboubkr, Alaa Aboud, Amr M. Abouelnaga, Galal A. Aboufarrag, Ashraf Aboutaleb, Leticia Abundis, Gupse Adalı, Enrique Adames, Leon Adams, Danjuma Adda, Noor Adel, Nada Adel, Muhammad Adel Sayed, Taiba Jibril Afaa, Nawal Afredj, Gulnara Aghayeva, Alessio Aghemo, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Golo Ahlenstiel, Walid Ahmady, Wafaa Ahmed, Amira Ahmed, Samah Nasser Ahmed, Heba Mostafa Ahmed, Rasha Ahmed, Elmar Aigner, Mesut Akarsu, Maisam Akroush, Umit Akyuz, Mamun Al Mahtab, Tahani Al Qadiri, Yusriya Al Rawahi, Razzaq AL rubaee, Muna Al Saffar, Shahinul Alam, Zaid Al-Ani, Agustín Albillos, Mohamed Alboraie, Said Al-Busafi, Mohamed Al-Emam, Jawaher Alharthi, Kareem Ali, Basma Abdelmoez Ali, Mohammad Ali, Raja Affendi Raja Ali, Anna Alisi, Ali Raad AL-Khafaji, Maryam Alkhatry, Rocio Aller, Yahya Almansoury, Khalid Al-Naamani, Alaa Alnakeeb, Anna Alonso, Saleh A. Alqahtani, Leina Alrabadi, Khalid Alswat, Mahir Altaher, Turki Altamimi, Jose Altamirano, Mario R. Alvares-da-Silva, Elsragy Adel M. Aly, Amgad Alzahaby, Ahmed Alzamzamy, Keisuke Amano, Maysa A. Amer, Mona A. Amin, Sayed A. Amin, Ashraf A. Amir, Javier Ampuero, Noha Anas, Pietro Andreone, Soa Fy Andriamandimby, Mahmoud Anees, Peltec Angela, Manal Antonios, Wael Arafat, Jose Moreno Araya, Juan Armendariz-Borunda, Matthew J. Armstrong, Hassan Ashktorab, Patricia Aspichueta, Fathia Assal, Mira Atef, Dina Attia, Hoda Atwa, Reham Awad, Mohyeldeen Abd Elaziz Awad, Sally Awny, Obafemi Awolowo, Yaw Asante Awuku, Ibrahim Ayada, Than Than Aye, Sherif Ayman, Hedy Ayman, Hesham Ayoub, Hosny M. Azmy, Romiro P. Babaran, Omneya Badreldin, Ahmed Badry, İbrahim Halil Bahçecioğlu, Amira Bahour, Jiajia Bai, Yasemin Balaban, Muthuswamy Balasubramanyam, Khaled Bamakhrama, Jesus M Banales, Babu Bangaru, Jianfeng Bao, Jorge Suazo Barahona, Salma Barakat, Sandra Maria Barbalho, Bikwa Barbra, Beatriz Barranco, Francisco Barrera, Ulrich Baumann, Shamardan Bazeed, Eva Bech, Aourarh Benayad, Andreas Benesic, David Bernstein, Fernando Bessone, Susie Birney, Cyrille Bisseye, Martin Blake, Bilal Bobat, Leonilde Bonfrate, Dmitry S Bordin, Francisco Bosques-Padilla, Jerome Boursier, Boushab Mohamed Boushab, David Bowen, Patricia Medina Bravo, Paul N Brennan, Bisi Bright, Ilse Broekaert, Xabier Buque, Diego Burgos-Santamaría, Julio Burman, Luca Busetto, Chris D. Byrne, Patricia Anne I. Cabral-Prodigalidad, Guillermo Cabrera-Alvarez, Wei Cai, Francesca Cainelli, Ali Riza Caliskan, Ali Canbay, Ana Cano-Contreras, Hai-Xia Cao, Zhujun Cao, Andres Carrion, Francesca Carubbi, Teresa Casanovas, Marlen Ivón Castellanos Fernández, Jin Chai, Siew Pheng Chan, Phunchai Charatcharoenwitthaya, Norberto Chavez-Tapia, Kazuaki Chayama, Jinjun Chen, Lin Chen, Zhong-Wei Chen, Huiting Chen, Sui-Dan Chen, Qiang Chen, Yaxi Chen, Gang Chen, En-Quang Chen, Fei Chen, Pei-Jer Chen, Robert Cheng, Wendy Cheng, Jack Tan Wei Chieh, Imad Chokr, Evangelos Cholongitas, Ashok Choudhury, Abhijit Chowdhury, Evaristus Sunday Chukwudike, Stefano Ciardullo, Michelle Clayton, Karine Clement, Marie Michelle Cloa, Cecilia Coccia, Cristina Collazos, Massimo Colombo, Arif Mansur Cosar, Helma Pinchemel Cotrim, Joris Couillerot, Alioune Coulibaly, Gonzalo Crespo, Javier Crespo, Maria Cruells, Ian Homer Y. Cua, Hesham K. 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Dwawhi, Sho Eiketsu, Doaa El Amrousy, Ahmed El Deeb, Ghada El Deriny, Hesham Salah El Din, Salwa El Kamshishy, Mohamed El Kassas, Maissa El Raziky, Osama A Elagamy, Wafaa Elakel, Dina Elalfy, Hanaa Elaraby, Heba ElAwady, Reda Elbadawy, Hanaa Hassan Eldash, Manal S. Eldefrawy, Carol Lezama Elecharri, Amel Elfaramawy, Mohammed Elfatih, Mahmoud Elfiky, Mohamed Elgamsy, Mohamed Elgendy, Mohamed A. El-Guindi, Nagi Elhussieny, Ahmed Maher Eliwa, Zeineb Elkabbany, Hesham El-Khayat, Nehal M. El-Koofy, Alaa Elmetwalli, Amr Elrabat, Fathiya El-Raey, Fatma Elrashdy, Medhat Elsahhar, Esraa M. Elsaid, Shimaa Elsayed, Hany Elsayed, Aly Elsayed, Amr M. Elsayed, Hamdy Elsayed, Magdy El-Serafy, Ahmed M. Elsharkawy, Reem Yehia Elsheemy, Eman Elsayed Elshemy, Sara Elsherbini, Naglaa Eltoukhy, Reda Elwakil, Ola Emad, Shaimaa Emad, Mohamed Embabi, Ilkay Ergenç, Tatiana Ermolova, Gamal Esmat, Doaa M. Esmat, Enrique Carrera Estupiñan, Said Ettair, Tcaciuc Eugen, Mohammed Ezz-Eldin, Lidia Patricia Valdivieso Falcón, Yu-Chen Fan, Samah Fandari, Mahmoud Farag, Taghreed Mohamed Farahat, Eman M. Fares, Michael Fares, Eduardo Fassio, Hayam Fathy, Dina Fathy, Wael Fathy, Soheir Fayed, Dan Feng, Gong Feng, Miguel Fernández-Bermejo, Cristina Targa Ferreira, Javier Díaz Ferrer, Alastair Forbes, Rabab Fouad, Hanan M. Fouad, Tove Frisch, Hideki Fujii, Shuhei Fukunaga, Shinya Fukunishi, Hacer Fulya, Masato Furuhashi, Yasmine Gaber, Augusto Jose G. Galang, Jacqueline Cordova Gallardo, Rocío Galloso, Mahmoud Gamal, Reham Gamal, Hadeel Gamal, Jian Gan, Anar Ganbold, Xin Gao, George Garas, Tony Garba, Miren García-Cortes, Carmelo García-Monzón, Javier García-Samaniego, Amalia Gastaldelli, Manuel Gatica, Elizabeth Gatley, Tamar Gegeshidze, Bin Geng, Hasmik Ghazinyan, Salma Ghoneem, Luca Giacomelli, Gianluigi Giannelli, Edoardo G. 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Hawal, Jinfan He, Qiong He, Yong He, Fang-Ping He, Mona Hegazy, Adham Hegazy, Osama Henegil, Nelia Hernández, Manuel Hernández-Guerra, Fatima Higuera-de-la-Tijera, Ibrahim Hindy, Keisuke Hirota, Lee Chi Ho, Alexander Hodge, Mohamed Hosny, Xin Hou, Jiao-Feng Huang, Yan Huang, Zhifeng Huang, Yuan Huang, Ang Huang, Xiao-Ping Huang, Sheng Hui-ping, Bela Hunyady, Mennatallah A. Hussein, Osama Hussein, Shahinaz Mahmoud Hussien, Luis Ibáñez-Samaniego, Jamal Ibdah, Luqman Ibrahim, Miada Ibrahim, Ibrahim Ibrahim, Maria E. 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Falcon, L, Fan, Y, Fandari, S, Farag, M, Farahat, T, Fares, E, Fares, M, Fassio, E, Fathy, H, Fathy, D, Fathy, W, Fayed, S, Feng, D, Feng, G, Fernandez-Bermejo, M, Ferreira, C, Ferrer, J, Forbes, A, Fouad, R, Fouad, H, Frisch, T, Fujii, H, Fukunaga, S, Fukunishi, S, Fulya, H, Furuhashi, M, Gaber, Y, Galang, A, Gallardo, J, Galloso, R, Gamal, M, Gamal, R, Gamal, H, Gan, J, Ganbold, A, Gao, X, Garas, G, Garba, T, Garcia-Cortes, M, Garcia-Monzon, C, Garcia-Samaniego, J, Gastaldelli, A, Gatica, M, Gatley, E, Gegeshidze, T, Geng, B, Ghazinyan, H, Ghoneem, S, Giacomelli, L, Giannelli, G, Giannini, E, Giefer, M, Gines, P, Girala, M, Giraudi, P, Goh, G, Gomaa, A, Gong, B, Gonzales, D, Gonzalez, H, Gonzalez-Huezo, M, Graupera, I, Grgurevic, I, Gronbaek, H, Gu, X, Guan, L, Gueye, I, Guingane, A, Gul, O, Gul, C, Guo, Q, Gupta, P, Gurakar, A, Gutierrez, J, Habib, G, Hafez, A, Hagman, E, Halawa, E, Hamdy, O, Hamed, A, Hamed, D, Hamid, S, Hamoudi, W, Han, Y, Haridy, J, Haridy, H, Harris, D, Hart, M, Hasan, F, Hashim, A, Hassan, I, Hassan, A, Hassan, E, Hassan, M, Hassanin, F, Hassnine, A, Haukeland, J, Hawal, A, He, J, He, Q, He, Y, He, F, Hegazy, M, Hegazy, A, Henegil, O, Hernandez, N, Hernandez-Guerra, M, Higuera-de-la-Tijera, F, Hindy, I, Hirota, K, Ho, L, Hodge, A, Hosny, M, Hou, X, Huang, J, Huang, Y, Huang, Z, Huang, A, Huang, X, Hui-ping, S, Hunyady, B, Hussein, M, Hussein, O, Hussien, S, Ibanez-Samaniego, L, Ibdah, J, Ibrahim, L, Ibrahim, M, Ibrahim, I, Icaza-Chavez, M, Idelbi, S, Idilman, R, Ikeda, M, Indolfi, G, Invernizzi, F, Irshad, I, Isa, H, Iskandar, N, Ismaiel, A, Ismail, M, Ismail, Z, Ismail, F, Iwamoto, H, Jack, K, Jacob, R, Jafarov, F, Jafri, W, Jahshan, H, Jalal, P, Jancoriene, L, Janicko, M, Jayasena, H, Jefferies, M, Jha, V, Ji, F, Ji, Y, Jia, J, Jiang, C, Jiang, N, Jiang, Z, Jin, X, Jin, Y, Jing, X, Jingyu, Q, Jinjolava, M, Jong, F, Jucov, A, Julius, I, Kaddah, M, Kamada, Y, Kamal, A, Kamal, E, Kamel, A, Kao, J, Karin, M, Karlas, T, Kashwaa, M, Katsidzira, L, Kaya, E, Kayasseh, M, Keenan, B, Keklikkiran, C, Keml, W, Khalaf, D, Khalefa, R, Khamis, S, Khater, D, Khattab, H, Khavkin, A, Khlynova, O, Khmis, N, Kobyliak, N, Koffas, A, Koike, K, Kok, K, Koller, T, Komas, N, Korochanskaya, N, Koulla, Y, Koya, S, Kraft, C, Kraja, B, Krawczyk, M, Kuchay, M, Kulkarni, A, Kumar, A, Kumar, M, Lakoh, S, Lam, P, Lan, L, Lange, N, Lankarani, K, Lanthier, N, Lapshyna, K, Lashen, S, Laure, K, Lazebnik, L, Lebrec, D, Lee, S, Lee, W, Lee, Y, Leeming, D, Leite, N, Leon, R, Lesmana, C, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, Y, Li, L, Li, M, Liang, H, Lijuan, T, Lim, S, Lim, L, Lin, S, Lin, H, Lin, R, Lithy, R, Liu, Y, Liu, X, Liu, W, Liu, S, Liu, K, Liu, T, Lonardo, A, Lopez, M, Lopez-Benages, E, Lopez-Jaramillo, P, Lu, H, Lu, L, Lu, Y, Lubel, J, Lui, R, Lupasco, I, Luzina, E, Lv, X, Lynch, K, Ma, H, Machado, M, Maduka, N, Madzharova, K, Magdaong, R, Mahadeva, S, Mahfouz, A, Mahmood, N, Mahmoud, E, Mahrous, M, Maiwall, R, Majeed, A, Majumdar, A, Mak, L, Maklouf, M, Malekzadeh, R, Mandato, C, Mangia, A, Mann, J, Mansour, H, Mansouri, A, Mantovani, A, Mao, J, Maramag, F, Marchesini, G, Marcus, C, Marinho, R, Martinez-Chantar, M, Martins, A, Marwan, R, Mason, K, Masoud, G, Massoud, M, Matamoros, M, Mateos, R, Mawed, A, Mbanya, J, Mbendi, C, Mccolaugh, L, Mcleod, D, Medina, J, Megahed, A, Mehrez, M, Memon, I, Merat, S, Mercado, R, Mesbah, A, Meskini, T, Metwally, M, Metwaly, R, Miao, L, Micah, E, Miele, L, Milivojevic, V, Milovanovic, T, Mina, Y, Mishkovik, M, Mishriki, A, Mitchell, T, Mohamed, A, Mohamed, M, Mohamed, S, Mohammed, S, Mohammed, A, Mohan, V, Mohie, S, Mokhtar, A, Moniem, R, Montilla, M, Morales, J, Morata, M, Moreno-Planas, J, Morise, S, Mosaad, S, Moselhy, M, Mostafa, A, Mostafa, E, Mouane, N, Mousa, N, Moustafa, H, Msherif, A, Muller, K, Munoz, C, Munoz-Urribarri, A, Murillo, O, Mustapha, F, Muzurovic, E, Nabil, Y, Nafady, S, Nagamatsu, A, Nakajima, A, Nakano, D, Nan, Y, Nascimbeni, F, Naseef, M, Nashat, N, Natalia, T, Negro, F, Nersesov, A, Neuman, M, Ng'Wanasayi, M, Ni, Y, Nicoll, A, Niizeki, T, Nikolova, D, Ningning, W, Niriella, M, Nogoibaeva, K, Nordien, R, O Sullivan, C, O'Beirne, J, Obekpa, S, Ocama, P, Ochwoto, M, Ogolodom, M, Ojo, O, Okrostsvaridze, N, Oliveira, C, Omana, R, Omar, O, Omar, H, Omar, M, Omran, S, Omran, R, Osman, M, Owise, N, Owusu-Ansah, T, Padilla- Machaca, P, Palle, S, Pan, Z, Pan, X, Pan, Q, Papaefthymiou, A, Paquissi, F, Par, G, Parkash, A, Payawal, D, Peltekian, K, Peng, X, Peng, L, Peng, Y, Pengoria, R, Perez, M, Perez, J, Perez, N, Persico, M, Pessoa, M, Petta, S, Philip, M, Plaz Torres, M, Polavarapu, N, Poniachik, J, Portincasa, P, Pu, C, Purnak, T, Purwanto, E, Qi, X, Qian, Z, Qiang, Z, Qiao, Z, Qiao, L, Queiroz, A, Rabiee, A, Radwan, M, Rahetilahy, A, Ramadan, Y, Ramadan, D, Ramli, A, Ramm, G, Ran, A, Rankovic, I, Rao, H, Raouf, S, Ray, S, Reau, N, Refaat, A, Reiberger, T, Remes-Troche, J, Reyes, E, Richardson, B, Ridruejo, E, Riestra Jimenez, S, Rizk, I, Roberts, S, Roblero, J, Robles, J, Rockey, D, Rodriguez, M, Rodriguez Hernandez, H, Roman, E, Romeiro, F, Romeo, S, Rosales-Zabal, J, Roshdi, G, Rosso, N, Ruf, A, Ruiz, P, Runes, N, Ruzzenente, A, Ryan, M, Saad, A, Sabbagh, E, Sabbah, M, Saber, S, Sabrey, R, Sabry, R, Saeed, M, Said, D, Said, E, Sakr, M, Salah, Y, Salama, R, Salama, A, Saleh, H, Saleh, A, Salem, A, Salifou, A, Salih, A, Salman, A, Samouda, H, Sanai, F, Sanchez-Avila, J, Sanker, L, Sano, T, Sanz, M, Saparbu, T, Sawhney, R, Sayed, F, Sayed, S, Sayed, A, Sayed, M, Sebastiani, G, Secadas, L, Sediqi, K, Seif, S, Semida, N, Senates, E, Serban, E, Serfaty, L, Seto, W, Sghaier, I, Sha, M, Shabaan, H, Shalaby, L, Shaltout, I, Sharara, A, Sharma, V, Shawa, I, Shawkat, A, Shawky, N, Shehata, O, Sheils, S, Shewaye, A, Shi, G, Shi, J, Shimose, S, Shirono, T, Shou, L, Shrestha, A, Shui, G, Sievert, W, Sigurdardottir, S, Sira, M, Siradj, R, Sison, C, Smyth, L, Soliman, R, Sollano, J, Sombie, R, Sonderup, M, Sood, S, Soriano, G, Stedman, C, Stefanyuk, O, Stimac, D, Strasser, S, Strnad, P, Stuart, K, Su, W, Su, M, Sumida, Y, Sumie, S, Sun, D, Sun, J, Suzuki, H, Svegliati-Baroni, G, Swar, M, Taharboucht, S, Taher, Z, Takamura, S, Tan, L, Tan, S, Tanwandee, T, Tarek, S, Tatiana, G, Tavaglione, F, Tecson, G, Tee, H, Teschke, R, Tharwat, M, Thong, V, Thursz, M, Tine, T, Tiribelli, C, Tolmane, I, Tong, J, Tongo, M, Torkie, M, Torre, A, Torres, E, Trajkovska, M, Treeprasertsuk, S, Tsutsumi, T, Tu, T, Tur, J, Turan, D, Turcan, S, Turkina, S, Tutar, E, Tzeuton, C, Ugiagbe, R, Uygun, A, Vacca, M, Vajro, P, Van der Poorten, D, Van Kleef, L, Vashakidze, E, Velazquez, C, Velazquez, M, Vento, S, Verhoeven, V, Vespasiani-Gentilucci, U, Vethakkan, S, Vilaseca, J, Vitek, L, Volkanovska, A, Wallace, M, Wan, W, Wang, Y, Wang, X, Wang, C, Wang, M, Wangchuk, P, Weltman, M, White, M, Wiegand, J, Wifi, M, Wigg, A, Wilhelmi, M, William, R, Wittenburg, H, Wu, S, Wubeneh, A, Xia, H, Xiao, J, Xiao, X, Xiaofeng, W, Xiong, W, Xu, L, Xu, J, Xu, W, Xu, K, Xu, Y, Xu, S, Xu, M, Xu, A, Xu, C, Yan, H, Yang, J, Yang, R, Yang, Y, Yang, Q, Yang, N, Yao, J, Yara, J, Yaras, S, Yilmaz, N, Younes, R, Younes, H, Young, S, Youssef, F, Yu, Y, Yu, M, Yuan, J, Yue, Z, Yuen, M, Yun, W, Yurukova, N, Zakaria, S, Zaky, S, Zaldastanishvili, M, Zapata, R, Zare, N, Zerem, E, Zeriban, N, Zeshuai, X, Zhang, H, Zhang, X, Zhang, Y, Zhang, W, Zhang, Z, Zhao, J, Zhao, R, Zhao, H, Zheng, C, Zheng, Y, Zheng, R, Zheng, T, Zheng, K, Zhou, X, Zhou, Y, Zhou, H, Zhou, L, Zhu, L, Zhu, Y, Zhu, P, Ziada, E, Ziring, D, Ziyi, L, Zou, S, Zou, Z, Zou, H, Zuart Ruiz, R, and Global Multi-Stakeholder Consensus on the Redefinition of Fatty Liver Disease

Subjects
Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], Hepatology, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, NAFLD, consensu, Gastroenterology, MAFLD, definition, Humans, MAFLD, NAFLD, Human medicine
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 252162.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access)

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2022
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22. Evaluation of common findings in brain computerized tomography (CT) scan: A single center study

Author

Awajimijan Nathaniel Mbaba, Michael Promise Ogolodom, Chidmma Precious Irole, Adaobi Maryann Ibekwe, Tochukwu Florence Sibeudu, Chukwudi Thaddeus Nwagbara, and Ugwuanyi Dc

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, common findings, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, General Neuroscience, Computed tomography, Single Center, medicine.disease, brain computed tomography, lcsh:RC321-571, Head trauma, Epilepsy, exposure, Physiological Calcification, Radiological weapon, medicine, Radiology, Tomography, business, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Stroke, Research Article
Abstract

Background Computed Tomography (CT) is an invaluable imaging tool in the diagnostic workup of patients presenting with head trauma, stroke, brain tumour and epilepsy. The objective of this study was to document the common intracranial pathologies as revealed by CT in our setting and also determine if the indications for CT scan are justified so that patients are not exposed to radiation unnecessarily. Materials and methods This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Hansa Clinic Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria. Demographic data and brain CT radiological reports with imaging findings and clinical indications for patients referred to this study centre from January, 2017 to January 2019 were retrieved from the CT reports' archives and reviewed retrospectively. Relevant information such age, gender, radiological CT findings and clinical indications were collected using structured proforma. Results A total of 300 patients' brain CT radiological reports were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 41.25 ± 16.5 years with majority been within the age group of 31–40 years 92 (30.67%). Out of 300 cases, normal finding was highest 117 (39%) and the least was intracranial physiological calcification, which is 1 (0.33%). Headache is the most common clinical indication, 53 (17.67%) the least was unsteady Gait, which is 3 (1%). The Chi-square test revealed that there was statistically significance relationship between brain CT findings and clinical indications for the investigations (X2 = 285.60, p = 0.002). Conclusion The study showed that more males than females undergo brain CT scan with headache being the most common presenting complaint. The majority of findings of the brain CT scans in this study are normal despite, myriads of complaints necessitating the investigations. The study also revealed significant association between clinical indications and CT findings.

Published
2020
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23. Doctor of Radiography Curriculum: Comparison of the Perception of Radiography Lecturers and Radiography Students towards the Proposed Curriculum

Author

Bakky Ngozi Adirika, Anthony Chukwuka Ugwu, Ebube Mmeli Onwughalu, Michael Promise Ogolodom, Beatrice Ukamaka Maduka, and Chinedu Anyanwu

Subjects
education.field_of_study, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Radiography, Population, General Medicine, medicine.disease, behavioral disciplines and activities, Perception, mental disorders, medicine, Immunological diseases, education, business, Psychology, Borderline personality disorder, Curriculum, media_common, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a fairly common psychiatric illness with a prevalence between 1.8% and 2% in the general population...

Published
2021
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24. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Patients with Low Back Pains and its Associations with Demographic Variables and Body Mass Index in Onitsha Nigeria

Author

Michael Promise Ogolodom, Daniel C. Ugwuanyi, Michael Chijioke Onwuka, Oluwafemi Olumide Egbeyemi, Ndubuisi O. Chiaghanamm, Efe Omita, Idara Asuquo Okon, Sharonrose Ogochukwu Nwadike, and Egop Egop Brownson

Abstract

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is arguably the most prevalent musculoskeletal condition found among both developed and developing nations. This study was designed to evaluate the MRI findings in patients with LBP and its association with the patients' age, gender, and anthropometric variables in Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out from June 2021 to August 2021 at the MRI unit of the radiology department of a private diagnostic center in Onitsha Anambra state, Nigeria. A total of 76 MRI reports were selected based on the inclusion criteria of this study, which include reports with LBP clinical indication, radiological findings, and complete patient demographic (age and gender) and anthropometry (weight and height) variables. Results: The majority 42 (53.3%), were males when compared with their female counterparts 34 (44.7%). A greater number, 22(28.9%) of the patients were within the age bracket of 51-60 years, and the least 2(2.6%) were within the age group of 21-30 years. Most 29(38.12%) of the patients had degenerative disc disease, and the least 2(2.63%) had osteoporosis. Conclusion: Male preponderance was noted in this study and majority of the case was seen in people within the sixth decade of life. Degenerative disc disease was the most common pathological entity identified in those presented for MRI due to LBP in our setting. There was a statistically significant mean difference in the MRI findings by age. There was no statistically significant mean difference in the MRI findings by gender.

Published
2022
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25. Pattern of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Lumbar Spine Pathologies and its Correlation with Demographic Variables in Rivers State

Author

Awajimijan Nathaniel Mbaba, Michael Promise Ogolodom, Christopher O Akosile, and Anthony Chukwuka Ugwu

Subjects
musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, spinal, Clinical Biochemistry, Magnetic resonance imaging, General Medicine, Correlation, Nuclear magnetic resonance, disability, medicine, Medicine, low back, pathology, Lumbar spine, business
Abstract

Introduction: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) currently is an excellent imaging modality of choice for the demonstration of pathologies of the lumbar spine and the intervertebral disc. A sound knowledge of the common pathologies of the lumbar spine in our setting will assist clinicians and radiologists in making accurate diagnosis. Aim: To determine the type and distribution of MRI findings in lumbar spine pathologies and its demographic correlation in Rivers State. Materials and Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study carried out among all symptomatic and asymptomatic patients who were referred for lumbar spine MRI at some selected Imaging Diagnostics Centres in Rivers State, from May 2020 to November 2020. The lumbar spine MRI examinations were performed using 0.35 Tesla MRI machines with both planar surface and multicoil phased array. The patients were evaluated for disabilities using the Nurick grading classifications. Data obtained were analysed using both descriptive (mean, deviation, frequency and percentage) and inferential (Pearson’s Correlation) statistical tools. The level of statistically significance was set at p

Published
2021
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27. Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness of Radiation Hazards and Protection among Patient’s Relative in Southeast, Nigeria

Author

Awajimijan Nathaniel Mbaba, Charles Ugochukwu Nwodo, Oladotun Albert Agbadaola, Innoent Chinweike Ezenma, Michael Promise Ogolodom, NO Chiaghanam, CC Ohagwu, Victor Kelechi Nwodo, and Umar Abubakar

Subjects
business.industry, Environmental health, Clinical Biochemistry, Medicine, General Medicine, business
Abstract

Introduction: Significant level of exposure of patient’s relatives to ionising radiation during medical imaging procedures has been observed and no attention has been paid to the knowledge of radiation hazards of patient’s relatives that follow the patient for a procedure. Aim: To assess the knowledge and awareness of radiation hazards and protection among patient’s relatives in Southeast, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a questionnaire hospital-based survey, which was conducted in two teaching hospitals, and one national hospital in Southeast Nigeria from January 2019 to June 2019. A 21 items semi-structured questionnaire were administered to 376 patient’ relatives selected purposively based on the inclusion criteria using one-on-one method. Information on demographic variables of the respondents, knowledge of ionising radiation effect, radiation protection and source of their knowledge of ionising radiation were collected. The obtained data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: Majority of the participants were females 221 (58.78%). Most of the participants, 263 (69.95%) did not have knowledge of ionising radiation. Only 118 (31.38%) knew that ionising radiation is hazardous to health. Greater number of the participants 289 (76.86%) were informed by the radiographers about the effects of ionising radiation while 87 (23.14%) read about it. Larger number of the participants, 325 (86.44%) had no idea about the meaning of radiation protection. Majority of the participants 287 (76.33) assisted their relatives during the examination. Most of the participants, 269 (71.54%) said they have seen the radiation warning sign before. Conclusion: This study revealed poor level of knowledge and awareness of radiation hazards and protection among patient’s relatives. It is obvious that public education will contribute immensely in the promotion of awareness of the harmful effect of ionising radiation and radiation protection measures.

Published
2020
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28. White Cerebellum Sign - An Ominous Radiological Imaging Finding: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Author

Michael Promise Ogolodom, Awajimijan Nathaniel Mbaba, and Rufus Abam

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Cerebellum, Severe head injury, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Thalamus, INFRATENTORIAL BRAIN, Supratentorial region, Computed tomography, General Medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, medicine, Radiology, business, Radiological imaging, Sign (mathematics)
Abstract

Diffuse hyperdensity of the infratentorial brain including thalamus, bainstem and cerebellum with relative hypodensity of the supratentorial brain seen on computed tomography images in severe head injury patients is the “white cerebellum sign.”

Published
2019
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29. Evaluation of Chest Radiographic Patterns and Its Relationship with Hematological Parameters in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria

Author

Anthony Chukwuka Ugwu, Beatrice Ukamaka Maduka, Robert Oziegbe Akhigbe, Nnenna Ihua, Michael Promise Ogolodom, and Bolaji Israel Jayeoba

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Hematology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Pleural effusion, business.industry, Cross-sectional study, Radiography, Anthropometry, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Internal medicine, White blood cell, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, medicine, business, Body mass index, General Nursing
Abstract

Background: Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is a major public health challenge in Nigeria with an estimated prevalence of 616 cases per 100,000. The aim of this study was to identify chest radiographic patterns in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Lagos Metropolis and investigate the relationship between these patterns and hematological parameters. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross sectional study design was adopted in this study. All the investigations were performed using standard protocols and parameters by both Radiographers and Medical Laboratory Scientists with the necessary equipment’s such as static X-ray machine and SWELAB Haematology analyzer (Manufactured by Sysmex Corporation Kobe, Japan). The anthropometric variables (height, weight, and Body Mass Index BMI) for all the subjects were measured and documented. All confirmed TB subjects at the time of diagnosis were subjected to chest X-ray investigation, ESR (Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate) measurement and full blood count analysis. The reports were recorded with the subject’s biodata and anthropometric variables. Results: Males were 131 (72.4%) with a mean age of 34.77 ± 9.23 years and 50 (27.6%) were females with a mean age of 32.16 ± 8.72 years. All the patients had increased Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and 98% had anaemia while about 71% of the patients presented with increased lymphocytes count. The radiographic patterns identified in this study were consolidation (57.5%) as highest and the least was pleural effusion (1.1%). The result of correlation analysis of ESR, WBC and PCV (Packed Cell Volume) showed no statistically significant correlation between ESR (r=-0.649, p=0.16), PCV (r=0.549, p=0.26), WBC (White Blood Cell) (r=-0.325, p=0.53) and the various chest radiographic patterns. Conclusion: This study revealed that the most predominant chest radiographic pattern is consolidation with pleural effusion as the least. There was no statistically significant relationship between the various chest radiographic patterns and hematological parameters in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Lagos Metropolis.

Published
2019
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30. Patterns of Traumatic Head Injury among Patients that Underwent Craniofacial Computed Tomography Scan in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria

Author

Mark C. Okeji, Lekpa Kingdom David, Okechukwu Felix Erondu, Michael Promise Ogolodom, and Awajimijan Nathaniel Mbaba

Subjects
Research design, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Public health, Computed tomography, Radiological weapon, Traumatic head injury, medicine, Young adult, Craniofacial, business, General Nursing
Abstract

Background: Traumatic head injuries (THI) are of great public health concern as it account for over 40% of morbidities presenting at emergency departments of any hospital annually. It is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in the global population especially among those below 44 years of age. The severity of THI ranges from minor to severe depending on the form of the injuries which could be extra-axial, intra-axial and secondary and fractures. This study was designed to evaluate the incidence of traumatic head injury diagnosed on computed tomography scan in our locality. Materials and methods: All craniofacial CT investigations were performed on General Electric machines using standard parameters and protocols. We adopted retrospective research design. All radiological CT reports of patients who underwent craniofacial investigations from January, 2010 to November, 2017 and met the inclusion criteria were selected randomly using structured proforma. Approval for this study was obtained from the management of the study centers. Results: Out of 743 data assessed, 64.88% (n=482) had traumatic head injuries. Road traffic accidents account for 43.3% (n=209) of the causes followed by assault 31.53% (n=152). Both fractures and intra-axial lesions were highest 23.24% (n=112) respectively. Males were 62.64% (n=302) while females 37.34% (n=180) out of 482 of traumatic head injuries. Age group 16-30 years were 34.03% (n=164) as highest and the least was age group 61-75 years of age 8.71 (n=42). Conclusion: High incidence of traumatic head injury was noted in our study. High fractures cases with increased intra-axial lesions were also documented in this study. Head injuries were common in males than females and young adults were mostly affected. Road traffic accidents were the most common cause of head injuries in our locality.

Published
2019
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