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1. Randomized clinical trial shows no substantial modulation of empathy-related neural activation by intranasal oxytocin in autism

Author

Annalina V. Mayer, Anne-Kathrin Wermter, Sanna Stroth, Peter Alter, Michael Haberhausen, Thomas Stehr, Frieder M. Paulus, Sören Krach, and Inge Kamp-Becker

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Evidence suggests that intranasal application of oxytocin facilitates empathy and modulates its underlying neural processes, which are often impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Oxytocin has therefore been considered a promising candidate for the treatment of social difficulties in ASD. However, evidence linking oxytocin treatment to social behavior and brain function in ASD is limited and heterogeneous effects might depend on variations in the oxytocin-receptor gene (OXTR). We examined 25 male ASD patients without intellectual disability in a double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled fMRI-protocol, in which a single dose of oxytocin or placebo was applied intranasally. Patients performed three experiments in the MRI examining empathy for other’s physical pain, basic emotions, and social pain. All participants were genotyped for the rs53576 single-nucleotide polymorphism of the OXTR. Oxytocin increased bilateral amygdala responsiveness during the physical pain task for both painful and neutral stimuli. Other than that, there were no effects of oxytocin treatment. OXTR genotype did not significantly interact with oxytocin treatment. Our results contribute to the growing body of empirical literature suggesting heterogenous effects of oxytocin administration in ASD. To draw clinically relevant conclusions regarding the usefulness of oxytocin treatment, however, empirical studies need to consider methods of delivery, dose, and moderating individual factors more carefully in larger samples.

Published
2021
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2. Therapeutic drug monitoring of atomoxetine in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder: a naturalistic study

Author

Katrin Ruppert, Christoph Geffert, Hans-Willi Clement, Christian Bachmann, Michael Haberhausen, Eberhard Schulz, Christian Fleischhaker, and Monica Biscaldi-Schäfer

Subjects
Adult, Adolescent, Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions, Propylamines, Atomoxetine Hydrochloride, Psychiatry and Mental health, Treatment Outcome, Neurology, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Humans, Attention, Neurology (clinical), Drug Monitoring, Child, Biological Psychiatry, Retrospective Studies
Abstract

The selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine is potentially among the first-line pharmacotherapy options for ADHD. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) with the quantification and interpretation of atomoxetine serum concentrations is used to determine an individual dose followed by an optimal effectiveness and minimal side effects. The aim of this retrospective pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic analysis was to derive age-appropriate recommendations for the implementation of TDM to improve the efficacy and tolerability of atomoxetine in children and adolescents. Using the analytical method of high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection, 94 serum concentrations of 74 patients between 6 and 21 years of age were determined. Therapeutic effectiveness and side effects were evaluated according to the categories “low”, “moderate”, and “significant”. As part of TDM, a time interval with maximum concentrations of 1–3 h after the administration of atomoxetine was determined for blood sampling. In this time interval, a significant correlation between the weight-normalized dose and the serum concentrations was found. The efficacy as well as the tolerability proved to be mainly moderate or significant. A preliminary therapeutic reference range was between 100 and 400 ng/ml. Naturalistic studies have limitations. Therefore, and due to a limited study population, the results have to be regarded as preliminary observations that must be confirmed in further studies. The preliminary therapeutic reference range for children and adolescents proved to be narrower than the reference range for adult patients. However, due to good efficacy and tolerability an exact reference range remained difficult to determine.

Published
2022
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3. Randomized clinical trial shows no substantial modulation of empathy-related neural activation by intranasal oxytocin in autism

Author

Thomas Stehr, Sören Krach, Michael Haberhausen, Inge Kamp-Becker, Annalina V. Mayer, Sanna Stroth, Peter Alter, Anne-Kathrin Wermter, and Frieder M. Paulus

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Genotype, Autism Spectrum Disorder, media_common.quotation_subject, Science, Empathy, Placebo, Oxytocin, Amygdala, Article, law.invention, Translational Research, Biomedical, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, law, Intellectual disability, medicine, Humans, Social Behavior, Administration, Intranasal, media_common, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Brain, Translational research, Autism spectrum disorders, medicine.disease, Oxytocin receptor, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 030227 psychiatry, medicine.anatomical_structure, Receptors, Oxytocin, Autism, Medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Clinical psychology, medicine.drug
Abstract

Evidence suggests that intranasal application of oxytocin facilitates empathy and modulates its underlying neural processes, which are often impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Oxytocin has therefore been considered a promising candidate for the treatment of social difficulties in ASD. However, evidence linking oxytocin treatment to social behavior and brain function in ASD is limited and heterogeneous effects might depend on variations in the oxytocin-receptor gene (OXTR). We examined 25 male ASD patients without intellectual disability in a double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled fMRI-protocol, in which a single dose of oxytocin or placebo was applied intranasally. Patients performed three experiments in the MRI examining empathy for other’s physical pain, basic emotions, and social pain. All participants were genotyped for the rs53576 single-nucleotide polymorphism of the OXTR. Oxytocin increased bilateral amygdala responsiveness during the physical pain task for both painful and neutral stimuli. Other than that, there were no effects of oxytocin treatment. OXTR genotype did not significantly interact with oxytocin treatment. Our results contribute to the growing body of empirical literature suggesting heterogenous effects of oxytocin administration in ASD. To draw clinically relevant conclusions regarding the usefulness of oxytocin treatment, however, empirical studies need to consider methods of delivery, dose, and moderating individual factors more carefully in larger samples.

Published
2021

4. Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie

Author

Thomas Stehr, Fritz Mattejat, Sabine C. Herpertz, Tobias Banaschewski, Martin Knollmann, Alexander von Gontard, Nicole Wolff, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Miriam Remy, Rebecca C. Brown, Frank M. Theisen, Peter M. Wehmeier, Jörg M. Fegert, Martin Holtmann, Thomas Lempp, Siebke Melfsen, Lars O. White, Volker Reissner, Gerd Schulte-Körne, Kai von Klitzing, Paul L. Plener, Frank Häßler, Andreas Warnke, Susanne Walitza, Yvonne Mühlig, Katja Becker, Christina Stadler, Katarina Müller, Andreas Jud, N. Barth, Wilfried Pott, Helmut Remschmidt, Michael Kaess, Tanja Legenbauer, Michael Simons, Kurt Quaschner, Miriam Rassenhofer, Christian Fleischhaker, Veit Roessner, Oliver Berthold, Andreas Thum, Michael Haberhausen, Michael Kölch, Katja Schneider-Momm, J. Smidt, Ursula Pauli-Pott, Johannes Hebebrand, Inge Kamp-Becker, Thorsten Sukale, and Linda Weber

Subjects
Psychology
Published
2020
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7. Time to Initiation of Clozapine Treatment in Children and Adolescents with Early-Onset Schizophrenia

Author

Christian Bachmann, Monika Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, Michael Haberhausen, and E. Trinczek

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Young adult, Age of Onset, Antipsychotic, Psychiatry, Child, Clozapine, Retrospective Studies, Polypharmacy, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Hospitalization, Psychiatry and Mental health, Schizophrenia, Cohort, Female, Age of onset, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug, Antipsychotic Agents
Abstract

Introduction: Early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) has a poor prognosis and is difficult to treat, which often leads to the initiation of clozapine treatment. Studies in adults have shown that the initiation of clozapine treatment is often delayed. There is a lack of studies concerning the initiation of clozapine in children and adolescents with EOS. The aim of this study was to investigate the time span from first EOS-related psychiatric hospitalization to clozapine initiation. Methods: We retrospectively studied a consecutive cohort of children and adolescents with EOS and first-time clozapine prescriptions from a tertiary care child and adolescent psychiatric center in Germany. Results: Clinical records with data on clozapine initiation were available for 112 patients (35.7% females, mean age: 15.2±1.6 years). The mean time from first EOS-related hospitalization to clozapine initiation was 1.1 (±1.0) years, with an average of 2.3 (±1.1) prior antipsychotic treatment episodes. Higher age and higher IQ predicted earlier clozapine initiation. At the time of clozapine initiation, 40.2% of patients received antipsychotic polypharmacy. Prior to clozapine, 33.9% of patients had received 3 or more antipsychotic treatment episodes. Discussion: In our study, clozapine treatment was initiated markedly earlier than in the few existing studies, which may partly be due to the expected poor prognosis of EOS. The significant portion of patients undergoing 3 or more antipsychotic trials or antipsychotic polypharmacy prior to clozapine may indicate a need for improved dissemination of knowledge on the effectiveness of clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenia in order to promote timely clozapine prescriptions in these cases.

Published
2016

8. Subjective and Biological Weight-Related Parameters

Author

Bärbel Otto, Christian Bachmann, Dirk Lehr, Frank M. Theisen, Stefan Gebhardt, Michael Haberhausen, and Christoph Kaiser

Subjects
Leptin, Male, Olanzapine, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Hunger, Global Assessment of Functioning, Body Mass Index, Benzodiazepines, Young Adult, Sex Factors, Body Image, medicine, Humans, Psychology, Obesity, Young adult, Psychiatry, Clozapine, Body Weight, Health sciences, Feeding Behavior, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Ghrelin, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Physical Fitness, Schizophrenia, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Eating behavior, Female, Schizophrenic Psychology, medicine.symptom, Social Adjustment, Weight gain, Antipsychotic Agents, medicine.drug, Clinical psychology, Schizophrenia spectrum
Abstract

Objective: Administration of atypical antipsychotics often induces significant weight gain and metabolic changes. Little is known about subjective weight-related parameters in adolescent patients. Therefore, this cross-sectional, explorative study aimed to assess these parameters and their relationship with biological weight-related parameters. Method: 74 patients (mean age: 19.9 [SD ± 2.3] years; 66.2% male) with schizophrenia under clozapine or olanzapine treatment were examined. Subjective well-being, eating behavior, body perception and social functioning were assessed, using the Three-Factor-Eating-Questionnaire, FKB-20 Body Perception Questionnaire, Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptics, Short Form and Global Assessment of Functioning. Patients’ biological weight-related parameters were measured as well. Gender differences as well as associations between subjective and biological weight-related parameters were evaluated. Results: Female patients reported significantly worse negative body appraisal and physical functioning than males. An elevated BMI was associated with impaired physical functioning in females and with negative body appraisal and hunger in males. Conclusions: In our sample of young patients with schizophrenia unter treatment with atypical antipsychotics, an elevated BMI was associated with impaired physical functioning and negative body appraisal, respectively. Bearing in mind the high risk of obesity in this population, the mentioned impairments should be accounted for, especially in terms of compliance and quality of life.

Published
2012
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9. Pervasive Refusal Syndrome

Author

Maike Preiss, Thomas Jans, Juliane Ball, Tobias J. Renner, Andreas Warnke, Michael Haberhausen, University of Zurich, and Jans, T

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Anorexia Nervosa, Adolescent, Mutism, medicine.drug_class, media_common.quotation_subject, 610 Medicine & health, Dissociative Disorders, Dissociative, Pediatrics, Body Mass Index, Neglect, German, 2738 Psychiatry and Mental Health, Patient Admission, International Classification of Diseases, medicine, Humans, 2735 Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Dissociative disorders, Stupor, Social isolation, Medical diagnosis, Child, Feeding and Eating Disorders of Childhood, Psychiatry, media_common, Passive resistance, 3203 Clinical Psychology, Pervasive refusal syndrome, General Medicine, 10058 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, medicine.disease, Combined Modality Therapy, Perinatology, language.human_language, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and Child Health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Social Isolation, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, language, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Follow-Up Studies, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Pervasive refusal syndrome (PRS) has been proposed as a new diagnostic entity among child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. It is characterized by a cluster of life-threatening symptoms including refusal of food intake, decreased or complete lack of mobilization, and lack of communication as well as a retreat from normal life activities. Active refusal to accept help as well as neglect of personal care have been core features of PRS in the limited number of cases reported in the last decade. There have, however, been cases with predominantly passive resistance, indicating the possibility that there may be a continuum from active refusal to passive resistance within PRS. Postulating this continuum allows for the integration of “depressive devitalization” – a refusal syndrome mainly characterized by passive resistance – into the concept of PRS. Here, three case vignettes of adolescent patients with PRS are presented. The patients’ symptomatology can be allocated on this continuum of active refusal to passive resistance supporting the usefulness of such a continuum in comparing various clinical presentations of PRS. PRS and dissociative disorders are compared in greater detail and contrasted within this discussion of differential diagnoses at the poles of such a continuum. PRS is a useful diagnosis for cases involving symptoms of predominating refusal and retreat which cannot satisfactorily be classified by existing diagnostic categories, and which can mostly clearly be separated from dissociative disorder.

Published
2011
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10. Body weight gain induced by atypical antipsychotics: an extension of the monocygotic twin and sib pair study

Author

Jörg Schmidtke, J.-C. Krieg, Frank M. Theisen, Wolfgang Kühnau, Helmut Remschmidt, Michael Haberhausen, Monika Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, J. Hebebrand, Peter M. Wehmeier, and Stefan Gebhardt

Subjects
Pharmacology, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Risperidone, medicine.drug_class, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Monozygotic twin, Atypical antipsychotic, Heritability, Twin study, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), medicine.symptom, Antipsychotic, business, Weight gain, Clozapine, medicine.drug
Abstract

Summary Background and objective: In our original study based on five monozygotic twin pairs and seven same-sex sib pairs, we previously showed that genetic factors contribute to body weight gain induced by the atypical antipsychotic clozapine. We aim to study this further by including patients treated with the atypical antipsychotics olanzapine or risperidone as well as opposite-sex sib pairs. Methods: Twin and sib pairs were identified by a telephone screening. Measured data on weight and other clinical variables were obtained cross-sectionally and retospectively from medical records. In seven monozygotic twin pairs and 12 sib pairs (total number of patients treated: n = 38, mean age 29·5 ± 9·5, range 13·7–54·3 years), the similarity in BMI (kg/m2) change under these atypical antipsychotics (atypical ΔBMI) and upon additional inclusion of BMI change under prior antipsychotic medication (total ΔBMI) was explored. Results: For total ΔBMI we found greater similarity in antipsychotic-induced BMI change in MZ twin pairs than in sib pairs (intrapair difference) with a heritability of h2 = 0·6, but not for atypical ΔBMI, possibly because of a genetically influenced weight plateau achieved under antipsychotic medication. Conclusion: The results of the present and our previous report suggest a contribution of genetic factors in antipsychotic-induced weight gain of 60–80%.

Published
2009
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11. Impact Factors und Publikationszeitspannen kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischer Journals

Author

Christian Bachmann and Michael Haberhausen

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent psychiatry, Political science, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Child and adolescent psychiatry, medicine, General Medicine, Humanities
Abstract

Zusammenfassung: Fragestellung: Der Impact Factor (IF) einer wissenschaftlichen Zeitschrift hat eine wichtige Bedeutung für die Überlegung eines Wissenschaftlers, seine Forschungsergebnisse dort zu publizieren. Ebenso ist die Publikationsspanne, d.h. die Zeit, die vom Einreichen eines Artikels bis zur endgültigen Publikation vergeht, für den Autor von Interesse. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird deshalb eine Übersicht über IF und Publikationsspannen deutscher und internationaler kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischer Zeitschriften gegeben. Methodik: Es wurde eine Datenbankrecherche in den Journal Citation Reports hinsichtlich IF und IF-Entwicklung der einschlägigen kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Zeitschriften 2002-2007 sowie eine Per-Hand-Auswertung dieser Zeitschriften hinsichtlich der Publikationsspannen für das Jahr 2007 durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Aktuell existieren neun kinder- und jugendpsychiatrische Fachzeitschriften, von denen acht über einen IF verfügen. Die Spannbreite der IF bewegt sich von 0,419 (Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie) bis 4,655 (Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry). Die Publikationsspannen betrugen zwischen 5,4 und 13,2 Monaten. Schlussfolgerungen: Obwohl die Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie als «kleines Fach» gilt, verfügt sie über Zeitschriften mit international konkurrenzfähigem IF. Die beiden deutschsprachigen Zeitschriften zeigen einen eher niedrigen IF. Die Publikationsspannen sind angemessen und könnten durch Online-Vorabpublikationen noch verkürzt werden.

Published
2009
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12. Clozapine/olanzapine-induced recurrence or deterioration of binge eating-related eating disorders

Author

Helmut Remschmidt, Johannes Hebebrand, Michael Haberhausen, Frank M. Theisen, J.-C. Krieg, Monika Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, and Stefan Gebhardt

Subjects
Adult, Male, Olanzapine, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Adolescent, Medizin, Appetite, Benzodiazepines, Recurrence, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Bulimia Nervosa, Psychiatry, Clozapine, Biological Psychiatry, Binge eating, business.industry, Brain, Feeding Behavior, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Eating disorders, Schizophrenia, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, business, Antipsychotic Agents, medicine.drug
Abstract

To explore the association between eating disorders (EDs) prior to the use of clozapine/olanzapine (pre-clozapine/olanzapine EDs) and after initiation of these antipsychotics (post-clozapine/olanzapine EDs).Sixty-four consecutively admitted patients receiving clozapine/olanzapine were screened using the M-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI) to identify subjects with pre-clozapine/olanzapine EDs (DSM-IV criteria). We investigated post-clozapine/olanzapine EDs and binge eating behavior using the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns (QEWP) and used the Naranjo probability scale as objective causality assessment.Post-clozapine/olanzapine EDs were significantly more frequent in patients with pre-clozapine/olanzapine EDs (5 of 6) when compared to patients without pre-clozapine/olanzapine EDs (4 of 58) [chi(2) = 26.29; df = 1; p0.001] [odds ratio (OR) 67.5; 95% CI: 6.3-725.8]. According to the Naranjo probability scale, recurrence or deterioration of EDs in patients with prior EDs was definitely (n = 1) or probably (n = 4) related to the intake of clozapine/olanzapine.Clozapine/olanzapine may induce recurrence or deterioration of binge eating symptomatology or full-blown EDs in patients with prior EDs.

Published
2007
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13. Altered peripheral BDNF mRNA expression and BDNF protein concentrations in blood of children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Author

Thomas Jans, Frank M. Theisen, Berthold Martin, Manfred Gerlach, Edna Grünblatt, Christina Schwenck, Wolfgang Briegel, Susanne Walitza, Michael Haberhausen, Mònica Segura, Marcel Romanos, Regina Taurines, Benjamin Lyttwin, Martin Schecklmann, Johannes Thome, and Laura Albantakis

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Adolescent, Central nervous system, Intelligence, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Neurotrophic factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Child, Biological Psychiatry, Intelligence Tests, Analysis of Variance, biology, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Age Factors, medicine.disease, Pathophysiology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Autism spectrum disorder, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, biology.protein, Neurology (clinical), Analysis of variance, Psychology, Neuroscience, Neurotrophin
Abstract

Findings from molecular genetic studies and analyses of postmortem and peripheral tissue led to the hypothesis that neurotrophins—as crucial moderators of neuroplasticity—impact on the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The study projects aimed to complement former results on the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a member of the neurotrophin family with fundamental impact on brain development and function. The purpose of this work was to investigate peripheral BDNF mRNA expression and BDNF protein concentrations in ASD as potential surrogates for the effects observed in the central nervous system. In a BDNF protein quantification study, serum concentrations were analyzed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays in 24 male patients with ASD, all with an IQ > 70 (age 13.9 ± 3.0 years) and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects (age 14.4 ± 2.1 years; p = 0.522). In a further independent project, a BDNF mRNA expression analysis, mRNA levels from total blood were assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in a sample of 16 male ASD patients (age 10.8 ± 2.2), 15 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (age 12.1 ± 2.2) and 15 patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as a clinical control group (age 11.8 ± 2.2; p = 0.207). In the protein quantification project, significantly decreased BDNF serum concentrations were found in ASD cases compared to healthy control children (t = −2.123, df = 42, p < 0.05). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed this result in accordance with significant reductions in BDNF mRNA expression in ASD, observed in the mRNA expression study (F = 3.65; df = 2.43; p < 0.05); neither age nor IQ confounded the result, as indicated by ANCOVA (F = 3.961; df = 2.41; p < 0.05, η2 = 0.162). Our study projects supported the notion that neurotrophins are involved in the pathophysiology of ASD. Further studies may eventually contribute to the identification of distinct peripheral mRNA expression and protein concentration patterns possibly supporting diagnostic and therapeutic processes.

Published
2013

14. Association study of energy homeostasis genes and antipsychotic-induced weight gain in patients with schizophrenia

Author

Helmut Remschmidt, Stephanie LeHellard, Bjarte Håvik, Frank M. Theisen, Claudia Mehler-Wex, Johan Fernø, Andrea Christoforou, Vidar M. Steen, Goran Jassim, Stefan Gebhardt, Johannes Hebebrand, and Michael Haberhausen

Subjects
Adult, Genetic Markers, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Genotype, Medizin, Biology, Weight Gain, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Energy homeostasis, Young Adult, Internal medicine, medicine, Homeostasis, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Child, Clozapine, Genetic Association Studies, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Adiponectin, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Drug-naïve, Endocrinology, Schizophrenia, Female, medicine.symptom, Metabolic syndrome, Weight gain, Body mass index, medicine.drug, Antipsychotic Agents
Abstract

INTRODUCTION Marked inter-individual variation has been observed with respect to the risk of weight gain and related metabolic disturbances during antipsychotic treatment, which in part could be explained by heritability. Such adverse effects have been proposed to occur through drug-induced mechanisms involving both the central nervous system and different peripheral tissues. METHODS We genotyped tagSNPs in several genes ( ADIPOQ, PRKAA1, PRKAA2, PRKAB1, PRKAG1, PRKAG2, PRKAG3, FTO and FABP3) that regulate lipid and energy homeostasis for their possible association to antipsychotic-induced weight gain. RESULTS In a sample of 160 patients of German origin with schizophrenia who had been monitored with respect to body weight, we found marked association between antipsychotic-related changes in BMI and 6 markers in the adiponectin gene ( ADIPOQ). DISCUSSION These findings support previous observations (in patients' serum) that adiponectin is involved in antipsychotic-mediated metabolic adverse effects.

Published
2011

15. Niemann–Pick disease type C1 presenting with psychosis in an adolescent male

Author

Sabine Sandu, Christian Bachmann, Axel Ladner, Michael Haberhausen, Sabine Jackowski-Dohrmann, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, and Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin]

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Psychosis, Lipid storage disorder, Adolescent, Hallucinations, Disease, Sphingomyelin lipidosis, Central nervous system disease, Diagnosis, Differential, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Niemann–Pick disease, ddc:150, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Child and adolescent psychiatry, Humans, Psychology, Diagnostic Errors, Psychiatry, Niemann-pick disease type, Schizophrenia, Paranoid, Psychological Disorders, Mental Health Treatment and Prevention, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Niemann-Pick Disease, Type C, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Adolescence, Organic psychosis, 3. Good health, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Psychotic Disorders, Psychologie, Schizophrenia, Adolescent Behavior, psychische Störungen, Behandlung und Prävention, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Cognition Disorders, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; Niemann–Pick disease, a neurovisceral lysosomal lipid storage disorder, is a rare disorder that is unknown to many clinicians. The disease, that often has its onset during childhood or adolescence, shows a polymorphic clinical picture, including psychiatric symptoms. Because of its infrequence, Niemann–Pick disease is diagnosed with an average delay of 6 years. This report presents a case of an adolescent male whose symptoms had led to various hospitalisations and psychiatric diagnoses. When he presented with psychotic symptoms in our department, thorough diagnosis revealed Niemann–Pick disease type C1 as the underlying disease.

Published
2009
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16. [Impact factors and publication time spans of child and adolescent psychiatry journals]

Author

Michael, Haberhausen and Christian, Bachmann

Subjects
Child Psychiatry, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Adolescent, Adolescent Psychiatry, Research, Time and Motion Studies, Humans, Journal Impact Factor, Periodicals as Topic, Child, Editorial Policies
Abstract

The impact factor (IF) of a scientific journal plays a central role in a scientist's decision where to publish his or her research results. Authors also show interest in the publication time span (time span between the submission and the online or print publication of a article). This paper presents an overview of the IF and editorial time spans of German and international child and adolescent psychiatric journals and compares them to those of journals of adult psychiatry.The authors first conducted a data bank search at the Journal Citation Reports, concerning IF and IF-development for key journals of child and adolescent psychiatry from 2002-2007. They then manually analyzed pertinent child and adolescent journals regarding the time span for publications in the year 2007.To date, nine child and adolescent psychiatric journals exist, whereof eight present with an impact factor. The IF ranges from 0.419 (praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie) to 4.655 (Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry). The editorial handling time ranges between 5.4 and 13.2 months.Even though this academic discipline is "small", child and adolescent psychiatry disposes of international journals presenting with competitive IFs. Both German journals show a low IF. The editorial handling times were reasonable, but could be further reduced by offering prior online publication.

Published
2008

17. Antipsychotic-induced body weight gain: predictors and a systematic categorization of the long-term weight course

Author

Stefan Gebhardt, Frank M. Theisen, Nadine Gebhardt, Johannes Hebebrand, Monika Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, Michael Haberhausen, Helmut Remschmidt, and Jürgen-Christian Krieg

Subjects
Olanzapine, Adult, Male, Parents, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Medizin, Weight Gain, Body Mass Index, Correlation, Benzodiazepines, Young Adult, Pharmacotherapy, Sex Factors, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Psychiatry, Antipsychotic, Clozapine, Biological Psychiatry, Retrospective Studies, Analysis of Variance, Risperidone, Body Weight, Smoking, Age Factors, Middle Aged, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Weight gain, Body mass index, medicine.drug, Antipsychotic Agents
Abstract

Objective To explore the impact of premorbid and baseline body mass indices (BMIs) as well as BMI of patient’s parents and associated variables on the prediction of antipsychotic-induced body weight gain. Methods Retrospective/cross-sectional data of 65 patients receiving clozapine, olanzapine and/or risperidone were assessed according to a systematic categorization of the long-term (7.3 ± 9.2 years) weight course and evaluated using descriptive, explorative correlation and regression analyses. Results Increased values of parents’ BMI (p = 0.041) and patients’ BMI at premorbid stage (p = 0.039) and prior to first antipsychotic treatment (p = 0.032) as well as female gender (p = 0.012), younger age (p = 0.005) and non-smoking (p = 0.047) have the most predictive value on body weight gain under antipsychotic treatment including pre-treatment with typical antipsychotics. Weight gain under atypical antipsychotics (pre-treatment excluded) is predicted by an increased premorbid BMI (p = 0.019). Conversely, a low BMI prior to first antipsychotic treatment predicts a higher acceleration of BMI change (p = 0.008) in vulnerable individuals, but not total BMI change itself. Furthermore, a diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder showed a trend towards the prediction of an increased atypical ΔBMI (p = 0.067), possibly due to a longer treatment duration with atypical antipsychotics (p Discussion The study indicates increased parents’ BMI and patients’ premorbid BMI, female gender, younger age and – as a trend – the diagnosis of a schizophrenia spectrum disorder to be predictors for antipsychotic-induced body weight gain involving atypical antipsychotics. Data contribute to the assumption of a strong impact of predispositional factors on weight gain, besides treatment-related factors.

Published
2008

18. Large intraindividual variability of olanzapine serum concentrations in adolescent patients

Author

Frank M. Theisen, Christian Bachmann, Helmut Remschmidt, Monika Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, and Michael Haberhausen

Subjects
Olanzapine, Adult, Male, Adolescent, medicine.drug_class, medicine.medical_treatment, Atypical antipsychotic, Pharmacology, Biological fluid, Benzodiazepines, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Intraindividual comparison, Antipsychotic, Child, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Dopamine antagonist, Serum concentration, Therapeutic drug monitoring, Schizophrenia, Female, Drug Monitoring, business, medicine.drug, Antipsychotic Agents
Abstract

Olanzapine (OLZ) is a widely used antipsychotic substance. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of OLZ is recommended but is based on known reference ranges derived from intraindividual and interindividual variability measurements. There have been few studies on the interindividual variability of OLZ serum concentrations in adolescents, and no data on intraindividual variability are available. This study explored the intraindividual variability of OLZ serum concentrations in 85 patients attending a child and adolescent psychiatric hospital (age at first assessment: mean +/- SD, 16.7 +/- 2.0; range, 10.3-20.6 years; 54 male, 31 female). A total of 577 steady-state OLZ serum concentrations (2 to 24 measurements per patient; mean, 6.8, and SD, +/-5.4) were measured, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Intraindividual variability of dose-corrected OLZ serum concentrations was 1.04- to 10.7-fold. The intraindividual variabilities of the metabolites OLZ N-desmethyl (DMO) and OLZ 2-hydroxymethyl (2OH) were 1.08- to 83.2-fold and 1.0- to 47-fold, respectively. Intraindividual variability of OLZ (DMO; 2OH) serum concentration accounted for 47% (89.8%, 74.9%) of total variance. OLZ daily dose, number of co-medications, body mass index (BMI), age, and post-dose interval had a significant influence on the intraindividual variability of dose-corrected OLZ serum concentrations (all P0.001). The serum concentrations of OLZ and OLZ metabolites in adolescents show high intraindividual variability, potentially limiting the value of TDM. It is recommended that repeated serum concentration measurements are made in individuals treated with OLZ, in order to obtain a more precise estimate of the intraindividual variability of serum concentrations.

Published
2008

19. Association between the insulin-induced gene 2 (INSIG2) and weight gain in a German sample of antipsychotic-treated schizophrenic patients: perturbation of SREBP-controlled lipogenesis in drug-related metabolic adverse effects?

Author

Anke Hinney, Frank M. Theisen, S. Le Hellard, Helmut Remschmidt, S Gebhardt, Johannes Hebebrand, Michael Haberhausen, Johan Fernø, Markus M. Nöthen, Claudia Mehler-Wex, Maria B. Ræder, J.-C. Krieg, and Vidar M. Steen

Subjects
Adult, Male, Candidate gene, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Genetic Linkage, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Medizin, Type 2 diabetes, Biology, Weight Gain, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Young Adult, Internal medicine, Orexigenic, Lipid biosynthesis, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Antipsychotic, education, Child, Molecular Biology, Clozapine, Retrospective Studies, Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins, education.field_of_study, Chi-Square Distribution, Lipogenesis, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Membrane Proteins, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Endocrinology, Haplotypes, Schizophrenia, Female, Metabolic syndrome, Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1, medicine.drug, Antipsychotic Agents, Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2
Abstract

Atypical antipsychotics are nowadays the most widely used drugs to treat schizophrenia and other psychosis. Unfortunately, some of them can cause major metabolic adverse effects, such as weight gain, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes. The underlying lipogenic mechanisms of the antipsychotic drugs are not known, but several studies have focused on a central effect in the hypothalamic control of appetite regulation and energy expenditure. In a functional convergent genomic approach we recently used a cellular model and demonstrated that orexigenic antipsychotics that induce weight gain activate the expression of lipid biosynthesis genes controlled by the sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors. We therefore hypothesized that the major genes involved in the SREBP activation of fatty acids and cholesterol production (SREBF1, SREBF2, SCAP, INSIG1 and INSIG2) would be strong candidate genes for interindividual variation in drug-induced weight gain. We genotyped a total of 44 HapMap-selected tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms in a sample of 160 German patients with schizophrenia that had been monitored with respect to changes in body mass index during antipsychotic drug treatment. We found a strong association (P=0.0003-0.00007) between three markers localized within or near the INSIG2 gene (rs17587100, rs10490624 and rs17047764) and antipsychotic-related weight gain. Our finding is supported by the recent involvement of the INSIG2 gene in obesity in the general population and implicates SREBP-controlled lipogenesis in drug-induced metabolic adverse effects. © 2009 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved.

Published
2008

20. No evidence for binding of clozapine, olanzapine and/or haloperidol to selected receptors involved in body weight regulation

Author

Johannes Hebebrand, Michael Firnges, Michael Haberhausen, J H Reinders, Frank M. Theisen, Jochen Dr. Antel, Peter-Colin Gregory, and Helmut Remschmidt

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Medizin, Galanin receptor, Receptors, Cell Surface, Pharmacology, Estrogen-related receptor alpha, Benzodiazepines, Radioligand Assay, Dopamine receptor D2, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Humans, Receptor, Clozapine, Sigma-1 receptor, Chemistry, Body Weight, Endocrinology, Olanzapine, Molecular Medicine, Bombesin Receptor Subtype-3, Haloperidol, 5-HT1 receptor, Galanin receptor 1, Antipsychotic Agents, Protein Binding
Abstract

The underlying mechanisms of antipsychotic (AP)-induced weight gain are unknown, but both central and peripheral AP target receptors could potentially be involved. This study used radioligand binding assays to compare the binding affinities of clozapine, olanzapine and haloperidol for candidate receptors potentially involved in AP-induced weight gain. Selected candidates derived from known pathways involved in body weight regulation included receptors classified as anorexigenic (bombesin receptor subtype 3, calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor, cholecystokinin receptor, melanocortin-4 receptor, neurotensin receptor 1) or orexigenic (cannabinoid receptor 1, galanin 1 receptor, melanin-concentrating hormone receptor (MCHR), neuropeptide Y1 receptor) as well as receptors involved in physiological actions related to digestion and fluid homeostasis (angiotensin II type 1 receptor, bradykinin B2 receptor, endothelin receptor, neurokinin 1 receptor, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor 1). Clozapine, olanzapine and haloperidol exhibited negligible affinities to all of these receptors except for the MCHR (Ki=501 nM; haloperidol). With respect to other candidates from (neuro)transmitter systems already suggested to be involved in AP-induced weight gain, the binding profile of olanzapine resembled that of clozapine, with high affinity (Ki

Published
2007

21. Serum levels of olanzapine and its N-desmethyl and 2-hydroxymethyl metabolites in child and adolescent psychiatric disorders: effects of dose, diagnosis, age, sex, smoking, and comedication

Author

Helmut Remschmidt, Christian Fleischhaker, Frank M. Theisen, Eberhard Schulz, Hans-Willi Clement, Michael Haberhausen, and Monika Heinzel-Gutenbrunner

Subjects
Olanzapine, Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Anorexia Nervosa, Adolescent, medicine.drug_class, Atypical antipsychotic, Benzodiazepines, Sex Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Psychiatry, Child, Pharmacology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Smoking, Dopamine antagonist, Age Factors, Pirenzepine, Drug interaction, Desmethyl, medicine.disease, Drug Combinations, Endocrinology, Schizophrenia, Therapeutic drug monitoring, Female, business, Body mass index, medicine.drug, Antipsychotic Agents
Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess dose-related steady-state serum concentrations of olanzapine (OLZ) and its metabolites N-desmethyl OLZ (DMO) and 2-hydroxymethyl OLZ (2-OH-OLZ) (assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography) in 122 child and adolescent psychiatric patients (age 16.9 +/- 2.2, range, 10-21 years; 74 males, 48 females) with a variety of diagnoses: schizophrenia group (n = 80); nonschizophrenia group (n = 29); anorexia nervosa (AN) group (n = 13). Median OLZ serum concentrations were 32.7 (range, 1-118; all patients), 37.7 (2-115; schizophrenia group), and 18.7 (1-63, AN group) ng/mL. The median OLZ concentration-to-dose (C/D) ratio (n = 122) was 2.6, with 90% of the distribution between 0.8 and 5.5 (ng/mL)/(mg/d). OLZ concentration was significantly correlated with DMO (r = 0.567; P < 0.0005) but not with 2-OH-OLZ (r = 0.122; P = 0.188). Daily OLZ dose was correlated with OLZ concentration in all (r = 0.684; P < 0.0005), schizophrenic (r = 0.542; P < 0.0005), and AN (r = 0.805; P = 0.001) patients, respectively. Patients aged less than 16 years displayed similar C/D for OLZ (P = 0.58) but higher C/D for DMO (P = 0.003) than those 16 years or older. AN patients received lower median OLZ doses (7.5; 5-15 mg) than schizophrenic patients (12.5; 2.5-40 mg), even after correcting for body mass index (P = 0.02). OLZ dose did not differ (P = 0.088) between smokers and nonsmokers, but smokers showed lower C/D for OLZ than nonsmokers (P = 0.008). C/D for OLZ was 38% higher (P = 0.041) under comedication with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors when compared with OLZ monotherapy. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that 46% of the variation of OLZ concentration can be explained by dose, diagnosis, age, sex, smoking, and comedication. The data are compared with the literature, and the relevance of therapeutic antipsychotic drug monitoring in previously sparsely investigated subgroups, such as children and adolescents or patients with AN, is emphasized.

Published
2006

22. Clozapine-induced weight gain : A study in monozygotic twins and same-sex sib pairs

Author

Jürgen-Christian Krieg, Johannes Hebebrand, Michael Haberhausen, Frank M. Theisen, Wolfgang Kühnau, Peter M. Wehmeier, Jörg Schmidtke, Helmut Remschmidt, Stefan Gebhardt, and Monika Heinzel-Gutenbrunner

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, medicine.medical_treatment, Medizin, Biology, Weight Gain, Body Mass Index, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Antipsychotic, Clozapine, Biological Psychiatry, Genetics (clinical), Retrospective Studies, Sex Characteristics, Siblings, Twins, Monozygotic, Heritability, Twin study, Psychiatry and Mental health, Endocrinology, Standard error, Cross-Sectional Studies, Sample size determination, Female, medicine.symptom, Weight gain, Body mass index, medicine.drug
Abstract

To assess the relative contribution of genetic factors in antipsychotic-induced weight gain, we explored the similarity in body mass index (BMI) (kg/m(2)) change under clozapine only (clozapine DeltaBMI) and upon additional inclusion of BMI change under prior antipsychotic medication (total DeltaBMI) of five monozygotic twins in comparison with seven same-sex sibs. Twin and sib pairs were identified by a telephone screening of 786 office-based psychiatrists. Measured data on weight and other clinical variables were obtained cross-sectionally and retrospectively from medical records. We found greater similarity in total DeltaBMI in monozygotic twins (intrapair difference 2.78+/-3.41 kg/m(2)) than in same-sex sibs (5.55+/-4.35 kg/m(2)), resulting in heritability estimates of h(2)=0.8 and A=0.45 (ACE twin model). However, intrapair differences in clozapine DeltaBMI were similar between twins (4.18+/-4.27 kg/m(2)) and sibs (4.68+/-4.88 kg/m(2)). We hypothesize that the weight plateau achieved under clozapine is influenced by genetic factors. The weight gain achieved during pretreatment with other antipsychotics seems to limit clozapine-induced weight gain, thus presumably explaining why heritability/similarity in monozygotic twins in comparison with same-sex sibs is greater for total DeltaBMI than for clozapine DeltaBMI. An important caveat is that, owing to the sample size, the heritability estimates have a large standard error and thus have to be interpreted with caution.

Published
2005

23. Genetic aspects of antipsychotic induced body weight change

Author

Frank M. Theisen, J.-C. Krieg, M. Martin, Johannes Hebebrand, Michael Haberhausen, Monika Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, Helmut Remschmidt, and Stefan Gebhardt

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), General Medicine, business, Body weight, Antipsychotic, Psychiatry
Published
2004
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24. Poster

Author

Olivera Aleksic, Milica Pejovic-Milovancevic, Smiljka Popovic-Deusic, Biljana Pirgic, Ivana Sojic, Christoph Correll, Umesh Parikh, Vladimir Olshanskiy, Bhrigu Chopra, John M. Kane, Anil K. Malhotra, Sonja Sieslack, Gottfried Maria Barth, Gunther Klosinski, Sheila Sadigorsky, Sefi Kronenberg, Amos Frisch, Nicola Williams, Bruce Tonge, Neville King, Glenn Melvin, Amanda Dudley, Michael Gordon, Ester Klimkeit, Simon Hatch, John Breddy, Heleen DeCory, Sara Cameron, Mary Solanto, Maria Serra-Pinheiro, Isabella Sousa, Paulo Mattos, Fernanda Gomes, Giuseppe Pastura, Desna Milinkovic, Oliver Bilke, Sibille Kühnel, Bernhard Winterfeld, John Campo, James Perel, David Axelson, Jeff Bridge, Boris Birmaher, Neal Ryan, David Brent, Edmund J. S. Sonuga-Barke, Dorothea Y. Sanchez, Mani Pavuluri, David B. Henry, Julie A. Carbray, Gwendolyn Sampson, Michael W. Naylor, Philip G. Janicak, Stefan Gebhardt, Frank Theisen, Michael Haberhausen, Monika Heinzel-Gutenbrunner, Peter Wehmeier, Jürgen-Christian Krieg, Wolfgang Kühnau, Jörg Schmidtke, Helmut Remschmidt, Johannes Hebebrand, Hans-Willi Clement, Christian Fleischhaker, Klaus Hennighausen, Eberhard Schulz, Reiner Frank, Belda Karamete, Gunnel Löndahl, Peik Gustafsson, Anneli Parnegdrd, Giancarlo Rigon, Simona Chiodo, Alessandra Mancaruso, Daniele Giovanni Poggioli, Stefano Costa, Pedro Pires, Isabel Brito, Isabel Carvalho, Sara Almeida, Paula Zaragoza, Yury Shevchenko, Vasilisa Korneeva, Miodrag Stankovic, Aneta Lakic, Vesna Milovanovic, Sandra Stankovic, Bernard Hobrücker, Filip Caby, Jean Chambry, Stéphane Laudrin, Catherine Graindorge, Arata Oiji, Yukiko Morioka, Ami Murata, Madoka Sato, Yume Hashizume, Katarina Müller, Willigis Werner, Matthias Martin, Eva Mattejat, Myriam Olivieri, Annalisa Simoncini, Sonia Marchegiani, Marco Lazzorotto Muratori, Gabriele Borsetti, Shewikar Farrag, Riccardo Coltrinari, Doa Habib, Daniel Fung, Nelson Lee, Susanne Ohmann, C. Popow, M. Lanzenberger, H. Herzog, S. Schuch, S. Miksch, Fatemeh Abdollahy, S. Khani, B. Shabankhani, Joao Guerra, Claudia Fontes, Vania Martins, Ana Teles, Corina Rodrigues, Zulmira Correia, Gereon Becht-Jördens, Catherine McElearney, Michael Fitzgerald Henry Marsh, Alexander Naumann, Dirk Holst, Annette Engbarth, Tiberiu Mircea, Ashima Nehra, Savita Malhotra, Subho Chakrabarti, Shashi Kiran, Srinath Shoba, Allan Hvolby, Jan Ib Jorgensen, Marco Medeiros, Ariete Correia, Maria Gabilondo, Pedro Caldeira da Silva, Augusto Carreira, Jae-Won Yang, Yeoung-Rang Kim, Sung-Do David Hong, Sang-Sin Lee, Seong-Hu Lim, Jeoung-Hwan Park, Vera Trbic, Danica Boskovic, Jan Pauschardt, Fritz Mattejat, Kurt Quaschner, Erika Lischka, Mechthild Bauer, Franka Petzke, Britta Wehrmann, Sigita Lesinskiene, Laura Paskauskaite, Luisa Garcia-Giralda Bueno, Juana Montiel Gonzales, Javier Gallego Cumbres, Francisco Gutierrez Asensio, Susanne Denoix, Franz Kimmig, Marc Weinhardt, Peter Greven, Stefan Buchmann, Nurgül Atas, Ute Jonkanski, Bodo Pisarsky, Silvia Treuter, Josep Cornellà, Alex Llusent, Lara Condesso, António Trigueiros, Klaus Schütz, Michael Tarren-Sweeney, Philip Hazell, Luigi Mazzone, Diego Mugno, Liliana Ruta, Valentina Genitori D’Arrigo, Perrotta Concetta Simona, Teresa Mattina, Domenico Mazzone, Ralf Nordbeck, Wolfgang Gierow, Frank Haessler, Johannes Buchmann, Lucia Bliznakova, Yvonne Grimmer, H. J. Roth, Christine Jennen-Steinmetz, Martin H. Schmidt, Katja Becker, Andrea G. Ludolph, Alexander Storch, Tobias Boeckers, Joachim Kirsch, Jörg M. Fegert, Oksana Drevitska, Carlo Cianchetti, Simona Corona, Maria Foscoliano, Daniela Contu, Giuseppina Sannio Fancello, Anna Costa, Mara Roello, Angela Romano, Anna Fabrizi, Andrea Pelliccia, Maria Matricardi, Nickola Matthias, Timo Lesnick, Matthias Gass, Linyan Su, Jishui Zhang, Dazing Wu, Xuerong Luo, Ignazio Ardizzone, Paola D’Oto, Francesca Priskich, Elvira Rigillo, Nadia Tomassetti, Francesca Vagnoni, Beate Sabisch, Anja Hahne, Lisa Glass, Angela D. Friederici, Waldemar von Suchodoletz, Carlo Di Brina, Andrea Pagnacco, Flavia Capozzi, Roberta Penge, Fabio Bocci, Laura Cantonetti, Alessandra De Carlo, Barbara Scanferla, Teresa Sebastiani, Cristina Vagnoni, Xueping Gao, Yasong Du, Fabio Lorenzetti, Michael von Aster, Martin Schweiter, Karin Kucian, Thomas Loenneker, Thomas Dietrich, Ernst Martin-Fiori, Hesham Abuhegaz, Hashem Bahary, Dae-Hwan Lee, Bong-Seog Kim, Seong-Ill Jeon, Sun-Lu Chung, Maria Conceicao Taborda da Simoes, Maria Luz Vale da Dias, Ulf Engqvist, Per-Anders Rydelius, Maria Dores das Formosinho, Ana Monica Pinto, Luiza Nobre Lima, Tobias Edbom, Jan-Olov Larsson, Paul Lichtenstein, Bernardo Perez, Macarena Marin, Su-Jin Yang, Helen Lee, Kyung-Sun Noh, Ferdinand Keller, Lutz Goldbeck, Ghizlane Benjelloun, Dirk Dhossche, Sara Stanfill, Akiko Takahara, Minemitsu Kusu, Sumiko Watanabe, Tatsuya Matsui, Kengo Ikeda, Hiroe Matsuda, Hiie Allik, Hans Smedje, Sadaaki Shirataki, Bonko Murakami, Rawheya Ahmad Mohamed, Fiona Dunbar, Sarah Shea, Mariko Atsumi, Hideo Matsumoto, Akitoshi Ooya, Seiji Koishi, Yutaka Aoki, Youichi Enseki, Yuri Nakamura, Kostas Francis, Vassilis Kazaridis, Panagiota Kirillidou, Sofia Koukouvinou, Sobharani Paliwal, Parkview Clinic, William Whitehouse, Margo Edwards, Ayliffe Edwards, Sunita Pandit, Judith Powell, Mehdi Tehrani-Doost, Mitra Sepasi, Javad Alaghband-Rad, Reza Rad Goodarzi, Masaki Kodaira, Andrea Viertler, Katja Elpel, Olaf Reis, Melda Ayse Akçakn, Gulsen Erden, Efser Kerimoglu, Eric Lemonnier, Toshio Munesue, Kouhei Mutoh, Kazunori Shimoda, Hideo Nakatani, Yoshifumi Koshino, Isabell Germerott, Eman Galal Sadek, A. G. Litvinov, Froylan Calderón-Castaneda, Alberto Enrique Nuno-Licona, Efren Alatorre-Miguel, Kirstin Goth, Klaus Schmeck, Sibylle Winter, Anja Wiegard, Günter Hinrichs, Denis Köhler, Martin Kammerer, Diana Adams, Brida von Castelberg, Alyx Taylor, Maj-Britt Posserud, Kjell Morten Stormark, Astri J. Lundervold, Christopher Gillberg, Maaike Steijnen, Sophie Verhoeven, Ivana Francula, Igor Prpic, Rena Volga, Stefania Di Biasi, Francesca Piperno, Filomena Puleo, Sara Cerracchio, Roberta Giacchè, Zoé Rein, Nathalie Godart, Fabienne Perdereau, Florence Curt, Philippe Jeammet, Jacques Fermanian, Emine Ozgur Bayman, Yesim Taneli, Neslim Guvendeger, Bulent Ediz, Suna Taneli, Ismet Kan, Angela Plaß, Claus Barkmann, B. Mack, K. Mittenzwei, Peter Riedesser, Michael Schulte-Markwort, Veit Roessner, Andreas Becker, Nicola Hagenberg, Matthias Berking, Tobias Banaschewski, Aribert Rothenberger, Nathalie Coulon, Daniela Tardiola, Stefano Balsamo, Nadia Capriotti, Tanveer Sandhu, Tuula Tamminen, Nina Iovchuk, Ivona Milacic, Oliver Vidojevic, Ayse Kilincaslan, Nahit Motavalli Mukaddes, Gokce Sozen, Ayla Umut, Kenji Yamamoto, Shinko Koishi, Noriko Natsume, Kosuke Yamazaki, Eiji Nanba, Fabienne Naber, Emma van Daalen, Jan Buitelaar, Marinus van IJzendoorn, Sophie Willemsen-Swinkels, Marian J. BakermansKranenburg, Herman van Engeland, Maretha de Jonge, Chantal Kemner, Andrea Caby, Stefan Bendt, Vera Bashina, Maria Krasnoperova, Jan Croonenberghs, Sonja Sliwinski, Armand Christophe, Dirk Deboutte, Michael Maes, Alessia Tosco, Emanuela Giorgi, Monica Lazzarini, M. Liliana Iorio, Mercedes Becciu, Bung-Nyun Kim, Jeong In-Hyoung, Dong-Hyun Ahn, Boong-Nyun Kim, Yun-O Shin, Kang-E Hong, Michal Hrdlicka, Jiri Neuwirth, Vladimir Komarek, Marketa Havlovicova, Zdenek Sedlacek, Marek Blatny, Tomas Urbanek, Masataka Ohta, Yukiko Kano, Yoko Nagai, Anne Wintgens, Jean-Yves Hayez, Seoung-Hu Lim, Ji-Hye Ha, Hee-Jung Byun, Ji-Hae Kim, Rebecca Lee, Eric Fombonne, Eric Taylor, Füsun Çuhadaroôlu Çetin, Deborah James, Maria Lawlor, Nick Sofroniou, Kiyoko Kamibeppu, Lori Sato, Yasutaka Hoshi, Jezdimir Zdravkovic, Petar Kostic, Khalid Murafi, Michael Ries, Rainer Georg Siefen, Martin Jelinek, Helena Klimusova, Jaroslava Blizkovska, C. Burke, B. Doody, Carole Müller Nix, Ayala Nicole, Markus Wilken, Marguerite Dunitz-Scheer, Alexandra Krasnovsky, Anastasia Dressler, Valentina Perelli, Francesca Tinelli, Valentina Rafanelli, Stefania Bargagna, Gerhard Libal, Paul Plener, Jórg M. Fegert, Fumiko Enokido, Masako Higuchi, Istuki Jibiki, Martina Tomori, Hee-Jeong Yoo, Su-Yeon Kim, In-Hee Cho, Sook-Kyeong Yune, In-Kyoon Lyoo, Ji-Hyun Ha, Barbara Haas, Lyudmila Danilova, Kanita Dervic, Janos Csorba, Sandor Rozsa, Marjorie Kleinman, Laszlo Tringer, Max Friedrich, Madelyn Gould, Tuerkan Akkaya-Kalayci, Gerhard Lenz, Elisa Lapponi, Maria Carla Filipponi, Felicia Lauria, Carla Sogos, Akihide Kitamura, Bjoern Albrecht, Xianghui Zhang, Xuerong Li, Vesna Hercigonja-Novkovim, Dubravka Kocijan-Hercigonja, Stephen Ralston, Maria Lorenzo, Asmaa Amin Abdel Aziz, Joseph Biederman, Thomas Spencer, Rodney Moore, Haitao Gao, Josep Cornelld, Natasa Potocnik Dajcman, Rok Holnthaner, Guangrong Xie, Ulrike Sühlfleisch-Thurau, Frank Häßler, Margaret Tiffin-Richards, Michael Richards, Marcus Hasselhorn, Alper Bayrak, R. Rodrigues Pereira, W. Brussel, L. Vlasveld, H. G. Tuynman-Qua, M. J. Lorenzo, Dong-Ho Song, Eun-Hye Ha, Eun-Sik Lee, Young-Min Yu, Hans-Theo Weiler, Heike Hellrung, Caro Grünling, Stephan Overmeyer, Markus Ligges, Bernhard Blanz, Armin Claus, Susanne Walitza, Peter Scheuerpflug, Christoph Wewetzer, Manfred Gerlach, Andreas Warnke, Mieko Aoki, Shozo Aoki, Masato Takii, Yasuko Uchigata, Takehiro Nozaki, Keisuke Kawai, Shu Takakura, Chikako Koreeda, Chiharu Kubo, Hitoshi Saino, Kenzo Denda, Kouichi Ito, Satoshi Asakura, Yukiya Sasaki, Fumi Sasaki, Seishiro Inoue, Sonja Werneck-Rohrer, Ernst Eveline, Heidrun Eichberger, Carolin Prause, Bibiana Schuch, Andreas Lamerz, Jutta Kuepper-Nybelen, Christine Wehle, Gabriele Trost-Brinkhues, Hermann Brenner, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beata Pawlowska, Maria Chuchra, Marta Kaczynska-Haladyj, Ulrike Margarete Elisabeth Schulze, Simone Schuler, Dieter Schlamp, Peter Schneider, Christian Reiners, Chihiro Morita, Anatoly Severny, Victor Brutman, Irina Kireeva, Marc Schmid, Antje Zander, Marta Kaczynska-Haladyi, Nicole Bruning, Gabriele TrostBrinkhues, Christian Popow, Andreas Karwautz, Sylvia Eimecke, Kristian Holtkamp, Anna Capasso, Masaki Seki, Yu Wakabayashi, Ken Takaoka, Marc G. Schmid, Claudia Zerahn-Hartung, Kayo Morioka, Jan Nedoschill, Peter Leiberich, Thomas Loew, Jae-Suk Jung, Young-Sik Lee, Sun-Ju Chung, Tae-Won Park, Alba Sunshine Bettoschi, Pasquale Carboni, Soo-Churl Cho, Jeong-Mee Ahn, Kang-E. Hong, Jan Elena Kassubek, Sylvia Quiner, Michaela Seyering, Max H. Friedrich, Ana Radojkovic, Ana Velimirovic, Sherese Ali, Kevin Parker, Zarko Martinovic, Nadezda Krstic, Nevenka Buder, Veronika Ispanovic, Ewa Mojs, Maria Danuta Glowacka, Junko Hayashi, Syunichi Funakosi, Takamichi Kamiyama, Takashi Ueno, Tomohiro Ishii, Yutaka Hayashi, Hiroo Matsuoka, William Gardner, Amanda Lucas, David Kolko, Kelly Kelleher, Maria Claustre Jané Ballabriga, Sergi Ballespi Sola, Montse Dorado, Natalia Diaz Reganon, Maite Gonzalez Alonso, Maria Dolores Riba, Edelmira Domenech Llaberia, Kayano Ishii, Kayo Inoko, Aya Nishizono-Maher, Makiko Osawa, Mari Kasahara, Kazuhiko Saitou, Satomi Murase, Risa Oga, Takashi Murakami, Shuji Honjo, Hitoshi Kaneko, Shiori Arai, Sabine Völkl-Kernstock, Sonja Bauch-Prater, Martha Feucht, Paula Vilariça, Isadora Pereira, Olivia Pastor, Susana Farinha, Pedro Caldeira, Maria Antónia Silva, Caterina Gawrilow, Peter M. Gollwitzer, Keun-Ah Cheon, Young-Hoon Ryu, Jae-won Kim, Alceu Gomes Correia Filho, Luis Augusto Rohde, Tatiana Silva, Rafael Bodanese, Michael Aman, W. Boudewijn Gunning, Manfred Laucht, Mahha El-Faddagh, Martin Schmidt, Jakob Nützel, Juliane Ball, Cornelia Elben, Halina Kadziela-Olech, Taewon Park, Myung Ho Im, Daehee Kang, Hee Jeong Yoo, David Michelson, Shuyu Zhang, Dustin Ruff, Peter Feldman, Niels Bilenberg, Jurgen Jensen, Azar Moradi, Vahed Alaey, Christopher Kratochvil, Timothy Wilens, Laurence Greenhill, Douglas Gelowitz, Leon Patrice Celestin, Smadar Celestin-Westreich, Somnath Banerjee, M. Chandola, S. Venables, Hideki Negoro, Junzo Lida, Hidemi Iwasaka, Masanori Kyo, Tatsushi Nagano, Kanae Kishino, Toshihumi Kishimoto, Bong-Suk Kim, Jun-Won Hwang, Masanori Kyoh, Lida Junzo, Negoro Hideki, Nagano Tatsushi, Kishino Kanae, Iwasaka Hidemi, Kishimoto Toshifumi, Rael Strous, Simion Kertzman, Z. Ben Nachum, Moshe Kotler, Roni Hegesh, David Coghill, Quentin Spender, Joanne Barton, Chris Hollis, Cammy Yuen, Irina Cleemput, Lieven Annemens, Susanne Eschmann, Karl Christoph Käppler, Maycoln M. L. Teodoro, Eva Stieger, Anouk Mugier, Stephanie Stüttler, Cord Alexander Heise, Henrik Uebel, Charlotte Hanisch, Kerstin Konrad, Ralph Radach, Dagmar Horn, Noa Tsujii, Akira Okada, Noriko Kuriki, Junko Matsuo, Kazushi Hanada, Takeshi Kusube, Kazuhiko Hitomi, Marcelo Schmitz, Daniel Denardin, Tatiana da Silva, Thiago Pianca, Tatiana Roman, Mara Hutz, Asma Bouden, Ines Dengezli, Mohamed Halayem, Oscar Herreros, Francisco Sanchez, Belen Rubio, Ramon Gracia, Simone Henrike Weber, Alex Wolters, Albert J. Allen, Roger Kurlan, Donald Gilbert, David Dunn, F. Randy Sallee, Christine Thomason, Virginia Sutton, Denai Milton, Dorthe Petersen, Solvejg Kristensen, Jörg Kinkelbur, Juliane Hellwig, Martin Hellwig, Eckert Rüther, Olayinka Omigbodun, O. Esan, K. Bakare, B. O. Yusufi, F. Nuhu, A. Adesokan, Marie Kopecky-Wenzel, Mark-Peter Steenhuis, Ruud Minderaa, Marie-Louise Körlof, Margit Wängby, Lars R. Bergman, Suwei Yu, Petteri Multimäki, Kai Parkkola, Andre Sourander, Georgios Nikolakaros, Hans Helenius, Carina Freitas, Assunçâo Rocha, Lídia Pocinho, Shinichi Arai, Hironobu Ichikawa, Ikuko Hirosawa, Maria Elena Mdrquez-Caraveo, Verónica Pérez-Barrón, Merete Juul Sorensen, Ole Mors, Per Hove Thomsen, Kai von Klitzing, Sonja Perren, Agnes von Wyl, Dieter Burgin, Han-Ik Yoo, Min-Sup Shin, Kang E. Hong, Ehsan Syed, Sobia Haqqi, Michail Semago, Sigita Girdzijauskiene, Dainius Puras, Grazina Gintiliene, Dovile Cerniauskaite, Christiane Bormann-Kischkel, Rosemarie Schmoetzer, Diana Frischholz, Martin Linder, Catharina Ganseforth, Daniela Rödder, Angela Kribs, Frank Pillekamp, Alexander von Gontard, Bernhard Roth, Tjhin Wiguna, Cristina Maria Ribeiro Marques, Teresa Goldschmidt, Teresa Cepeda, Ayse Arman, Refika Ersu, Dilsad Save, Goksin Karaman, Koray Karabekiroglu, Bulent Karadag, Meral Berkem, Lene Ruge Moller, Parathasarathy Biswas, Anil Malhotra, Nitin Gupta, Tord Ivarsson, Oeystein Litlere, Per Svalander, Yelena Yelikova, Petar Nastasic, Snezana Filipovic, Roza Panoski, Goran Lazetic, Nataliya Zvereva, Monika Strauss, A. Graf, R. Zollinger, Tanja Brückl, Michael Höfler, Lena Schwenden, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Roselind Lieb, Angelika Schweitzer, Jane Edwards, Monika Schlögelhofer, Paul G. Amminger, Maria Giuseppina Ledda, A. Zuddas, T. Piroddi, M. Abis, A. Mereu, Fabian Härtling, Ralf Tepest, Tanja Goncharova, David E. D. Linden, Peter Falkei, Kai Vogeley, Fritz Poustka, Miriam Spinner, Julian Dobranowski, Duncan MacCrimmon, Jim Gibson, Susan Fawcett, Margarita Criollo, Brigitte Ramsauer, Nina Janke, Danica Boskovic Djukic, Fabiola Napoli, Raffaella Valente, Valeria Neri, Mauro Ferrara, Carla D’Agostini Costa, Christian Veronesi, Sergio Melogno, Achille Gigliotti, Bruna Mazzoncini, Antonio Fonseca, Eva Maid, Erika Hohm, Claudia Mehler-Wex, J. Catharina Duvigneau, Romana T. Hartl, Dorit Ben-Shachar, Harvey Kranzier, Sanjiv Kumra, Ginny Gerbino-Rosen, David Roofeh, Courtney De Thomas, Carolyn Dombrowski, Marjorie McMeniman, Hsueh-Ling Chang, Sue-Huei Chen, Keh-Chiang Yu, Michael Kölch, Reinhild Bücheler, Christoph H. Gleiter, Stephanie P. Bohne, Frank M. Häßler, Bärbel Gierow, Julie Carbray, Sampson Gwen, Michael Naylor, Anja Taanila, Katri Hautala, Päivi Kemppainen, Arto Kotimaa, Hanna Ebeling, Irma Moilanen, Monica Biscaldi, Bettina Wagner, Ute Dürrwächter, Susanne Trauzettel-Klosinski, Jens Reinhard, Ellen Plume, Gerd Schulte-Körne, Branko Aleksic, Regula Blaser, Ulrich Preuss, Claudia Meusel, Georg Macharey, Ulrich Strehlow, Johann Haffner, Jürgen Bischof, Volker Gratzka, Peter Parzer, Franz Resch, Steffi Sachse, Beatrice Anke, Monika Adamski, Angelika Pecha, Dragana Macesic-Petrovic, Svetlana Slavnic, Chie Hatagaki, Hanna Swaab, P. Cohen-Kettenis, Roberta Di Scipio, Ester Patruno, Sylvia Reinelt-Straka, Liselotte Hoffmann, Max H. Friedrich Dragana, Macesic Petrovic, Monique Nesa, David Hay, Clare Roberts, Mairead McCoy, Harriet Salbach, Uta Klopfer, Swantje Hagen, Bürger Arne, Ulrike Lehmkuhl, Bradley Smith, Judith Sinzig, Martin Hohmann, Takayo Mukai, Pia Enebrink, Niklas Ldngström, Henrik Andershed, Louis Richer, Lise Lachance, Claude Dubé, Serge Saintonge, Matti Virkkunen, Jyrki Liesivuori, Risto Bloigu, Jari Tiihonen, Alasdair Vance, Chidambaram Prakash, Magali Reyes-Harde, Krisztina Csaba, Marielle Eerdekens, Roza Olah, Ilse Augustyns, Ulrike Hellmann, Astrid Matei, Ji Hyun Ha, In Hee Cho, Mee Gyeong Kim, Sook Kyeong Yune, In Kyoon Lyoo, Bruce Barbro, Guilherme Polanczyk, Zineb Iraqi, Nadia Kadri, Driss Moussaoui, Kamal Raddaoui, Karl Titze, Susanne Wollenweber, Verena Nell, Andreas Wiefel, Margarita Forcada Guex, Basaran Sezer, Farshid Shamsaei, Fatemeh Cheraghi, Oytun Hasturk, Mehmet Okan, Naoko Sato, Aya Sato, Eleonora Camillo, Viviana Porcari, Maria Patrizia Salatiello, Sabrina Chifari, Valentina Dell’Oglio, Militello Rosanna, Carmela Scrò, Lisette Hart-Kerkhoffs, A. Ph. van Wijk, L. M. C. Jansen, Robert Vermeiren, Theodore Doreleijers, Shi Ji Zhang, Reija Latva, Liisa Lehtonen, Raili Salmelin, Emmanouel Tsalamanios, Gerasimos Kolaitis, Elena Paliokosta, Stauroula Diareine, Sofia Anasontzi, Alkis Tsiantis, Irini Limbinaki, John Tsiantis, Leontina Dreana-Ianciu, Miriana Vrajitoriu, Laura Lebedeva, Yasemen Taner, Betul Bakkaloglu, Füsun Çuhadaroâlu Çetin, Cengiz Ozbesler, Mihriban Erturk, Sandra Sebre, Audrey Keller, Ayala Borghini, Blaise Pierrehumbert, François Ansermet, Adrian Furnham, Peter Noack, Bruce Kirkcaldy, Michaela Felber, Stefan Puig, James Swain, James Leckman, Linda Mayes, Ruth Feldman, Robert Constable, Robert Schultz, Evgeny Koren, Umaporn Trangkasombat, Michael Karle, Marina Belianchikova, Galina Scoblo, Valentin Fadeev, Lyne Jaunin, Francois Ansermet, Tatsuo Ujiie, Kenji Nomura, Yasuko Sasaki, Vaska Stancheva-Popkostadinova, Meglena Achkova, Emine Kilic, Gönül Erdogan, Rami Gaber, Areej Qasqas, Martin Aßhauer, Hubertus Adam, Lynne Jones, Linda Rachidi, Kawtar Halty, Omar Battas, Agnes Leor, Shmuel Tyano, Schaul Shreiber, Nan Hosogane, Kyoto Watanabe, Makiko Okuyama, Young-Shin Kim, Bennett Leventhal, Yun-Joo Koh, W. Thomas Boyce, Sonja Liptai, Marianne Clauß, Petra Heuer, Abdul Nasser Kaadan, Samuel Menahem, Frances Salo-Thompson, Bizhan Shabankhani, Christoph Hoeger, Seong-Shim Jeong, Jeong-Hwan Park, Eduardo Szaniecki, Lise Roll-Pettersson, Patrick Ehnis, Maria Trosse, Piedade Van Rebelo, Eva Heimdahl Mattson, Giulietta Cucchiaro, Mariadonatella Cocuzza, Giada Morales, Nataliya Bobrova, Fernando Asbahr, Renato Ramos, André Costa, Roberto Sassi, Maaike Nauta, Sonila Tomori, Valbona Alikaj, A. Como, Lisa Snider, Marjorie Garvey, Dirce Zanetta, Helio Elkis, Susan Swedo, Pinar Vural, Kai Wang, Yan Zhu, Osman Sabuncuoglu, Viktoryia Krasavina, Nina Pykhtareva, Bianca Venuti, Naohiko Tachi, Naomi Kodoi, Naoko Sakamoto, Michiko Watanabe, Motiko Goto, Frank Geller, J. Reinlein, Nikolaus Barth, F. Hahn, Anke Hinney, Monika Robatzek, Rosa Calvo, Lazaro Luisa, Lucrezia Cirigliano, Loredana Lucarelli, Uwe Ratz, Thomas Stegemann, Ulla Breuer, Susanne von Widdern, Leonie Fricke, Alexander Mitschke, Alfred Wiater, Gerd Lehmkuhl, Kyoichi Honda, Muhmmad Lafta, Secil Oktem Kurultak, S. Tomori, and E. Petrela

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2004
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25. Symposia

Author

Christoph Correll, Stanley P. Kutcher, John McClellan, Jan Buitelaar, Elizabeth Pappadopulos, Aribert Rothenberger, Fritz Mattejat, Stephen Scott, John Weisz, Eberhard Schulz, Wilhelm Felder, Christian Fleischhaker, R. Böhme, B. Sixt, Rutger Jan van der Gaag, Laurence Y. Katz, Brian J. Cox, Shiny Gunasekara, Alec L. Miller, Nathaniel Laor, Peter Riedesser, Ernesto Caffo, James Leckman, Massimo Ammaniti, Giampaolo Nicolais, Mario Speranza, Hans Steiner, Laura Delizonna, Astrid Schallauer, Margo Thienemann, Alexander C. McFarlane, Miranda van Hooff, Michael Sawyer, Carlo Cianchetti, Naoufel Gaddour, Mokni Sana, Mechri Anouar, Letaief Mondher, Gaha Lotfi, Fabian Härtling, Robert Bittner, Corinna Haenschel, Marcus Cap, Tanja Goncharova, David E. J. Linden, Ralf Dittmann, Anneliese Maestele, Claudia Mehler, Eberhard Meyer, Jack A. Jenner, Leonie Boeing, Val Murray, Anthony Pelosi, Robert McCabe, Douglas Blackwood, Robert Wrate, S. Pellerano, M. Pintor, G. L. Mellis, T. Piroddi, Alan Flisher, Monique Nesa, Rosanna Rooney, Clare Roberts, Robert Kane, Sven Silburn, Lisbeth Pike, Helge Staby Deaton, Stuart Lustig, Michelle Funk, Anne Rickards, Dinah Reddihough, Roslyn Wright-Rossi, Jacqui Simpson, Dieter David Seuthe, H. Vielhaber, Kinderklinik Dritter Orden, H. Backmund, M. Gerlinghoff, Mary Schwab-Stone, Ine Jespers, Robert Vermeiren, Vladislav Ruchkin, Marek Blatny, Michal Hrdlicka, Tomas Urbanek, Martin Jelinek, Veronika Balastikova, Philippe Jeammet, Alain Frottin, Andjelka Filipovic, Eric Albert, Dora Musetti Schelotto, Mladen Knezevic, Milivoj Jovancevic, Jonathan Hill, Maria Lawlor, Christian Kienbacher, Carolin Prause, Margit Stöckl, Gertrude Bogyi, Max H. Friedrich, Michael Klein, Katrin Kürschner, Lynne Murray, Victoria Leidecker, Helen Sharp, Ilona Luoma, Pälvi Kaukonen, Tuula Tamminen, Barry Nurcombe, Graham Martin, Brett McDermott, Franz Resch, Benno Graf Schimmelman, Jane Edwards, Patrick D. McGorry, Martin Lambert, Philippe Conus, Ulrich Preuss, Dieter Bürgin, Monika Strauss, Peter Parzer, Georg Spiel, C. von Korff, H.-A. Ballin, R. Gößler, M. Günter, G. Sange, Heiner Meng, Eginhard Koch, Klaus Minde, Mary True, L. Pisani, F. Oumar, J. Padilla, Jean-François Bouville, Wendy Vogel, Klaus Schmeck, Kirstin Goth, Diane Purper-Ouakil, Véronique Dessons, Catherine Doyen, Fernando Perez-Diaz, Marie-Christine Mouren-Simeoni, Andreas Karwautz, Gudrun Wagner, Klaus Schwienbacher, Maria Haidvogl, Gerald Nobis, Janet Linda Treasure, David Andrew Collier, Romuald Brunner, A. Hueg, Johann Haffner, Marc Schmid, Lutz Goldbeck, Jakob Nützel, Volkmar Höfling, Karin Schermelleh-Engel, Helfried Moosbrugger, Josep Tomàs, Josep Cornellà, Alex Llusent, Anna Bielsa, Myron Belfer, Brian Robertson, Custodia Mandlhate, Birama Seck, Barbara Zwirs, Huib Burger, Tom Schulpen, A. Karem Salman Al-Obedy, Oleh Romanchuk, Irena Namyslowska, Björn S. Reigstad, Kirsti Margrethe Jorgensen, Walter Matthys, John Lochman, Marjo Zonnevylle-Bender, Nicolle van de Wiel, Angela Wagner, Christine Jennen-Steinmetz, Christopher Goepel, Irene van Bokhoven, Stephanie van Goozen, L. Patt Franciosi, Leode Graaf Acquoy, Anne Tischlinger, B. Pharm, Knut Halyard Bronder, Kari Schleimer, Joachim Walter, Boia Ephraime, Tatjana Dmitrieva, Alvaro Seligman Silva, Katja Becker, Hans-Christoph Steinhausen, C. Winkler Metzke, Erikson F. Furtado, Manfred Laucht, Oliver Bilke, Petra Zimmermann, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Roselind Lieb, Helga Hannesdottir, Thorarinn Tyrfingsson, Manfred Döpfner, Kurt Hahlweg, Annett Kuschel, Heike Bertram, Nina Heinrichs, Inez Freund-Braier, Gabriele Brix, Christopher Hautmann, Julia Pluck, Alfons Crijnen, Pol van Lier, Patricia Vuijk, Reiner Frank, Inger Helene Vandvik, Rainer Schäfert, Jeanne van Weel, Jan Schieveld, Jörg M. Fegert, William Friedrich, Smadar Celestin-Westreich, Leon Patrice Celestin, Ingrid Ponjaert-Kristoffersen, Keizo Nagao, M. Kisida, E. Shindo, Helmer Baying Larsen, Karin Helweg-Larsen, Ramón Lindauer, Jan Booij, Miranda Olff, Gerard den Heeten, Berthold Gersons, Frits Boer, Eric Schoentjes, Sarah Bal, Michael Schulte-Markwort, Tytti Solantaus, Sini Toikka, Maarit Alasuutari, Barbara Steck, Andrea Grether, M. Ehrensperger, Felix Amsler, L. Kappos, Rina Saha, Bela Paschen, Christiane Baldus, Miriam Haagen, Martina Pott, Georg Romer, Yoshiro Ono, H. Homma, Y. Ishida, H. Ide, M. Okamoto, S. Kameoka, Hiroshi Nakayama, A. Yamamoto, Nahit Motavalli Mukaddes, Sam Tyano, Tamar Mozes, R. Caplan, Savita Malhotra, Maria Giuseppina Ledda, Al Fratta, S. Mannino, Simona Corona, A. Zuddas, Macarena Marin Olalla, Ruth Garcia, Bernardo Perez Ramirez, Ross Campion, Peter Hindley, Nitin Gupta, Anish Bhattacharaya, Mehak Kapoor, G. van de Willge, Silke Klemm, S. Smesny, M. Stockebrand, S. Grunwald, Femmie Juffer, Marinus H. van Ijzendoorn, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg, Ute Ziegenhain, B. Derksen, R. Dreisörner, Daniel Gutschner, Martin Maldonado-Duran, Manuel Ferndndez-Criado, Felicia Heidenreich, Marie Rose Moro, Charles Millhuff, Kirby Pope, Frank Theisen, Hubertus Himmerich, T. Kraus, A. Schuld, T. Pollmächter, Alan Apter, D. Gothelf, A. Brand-Gothelf, Gidi Ratzoni, L. Kikinzon, A. Weizman, Yuval Bloch, Michael Haberhausen, Daniel Müller, John Fayyad, Altino Bessa Marques Filho, Adolfo Bezerra de Menezes, John Campo, Sheree Shafer, Jennifer Strohm, Amanda Lucas, David Shaeffer, Harold Altman, Christine Gelachek, Naoyasu Motomura, Yozo Takino, Masahiro Iwakiri, Patrick Pössel, Simone Seemann, Martin Hautzinger, Theodore Mutale, Christian Haase, Majid Ali Abidi, Shehla Raheem, Leyla Faw, Aaron Hogue, Howard Liddle, Kirsten Catthoor, Joost Hutsebaut, Donald Jasinski, Douglas Faries, Rodney Moore, Annette Streeck-Fischer, Renate Sannwald, Gottfried Maria Barth, Christoph Schwarz, Monika Staigle, Manh-Hiep Pham, Dario Balanzin, Joelle Materi, Pia Eresund, Alexander Mokhovikov, Sandra Stankovic, Kerim Munir, Nese Erol, Füsun Çuhadarodlu Çetin, Angela Hassiotis, Martine Flament, Michael Scholz, Maud Rix, Franziska Nestler, Annegret Selisko, Nathalie Godart, Fabienne Perdereau, Zoé Rein, Florence Curt, Jane Akister, Pei-Chin Peggy Lee, Sho-Man Susan Tsai, Lai-Shiun Ho, Su-Chun Wu, Jacques Miermont, Joel Swenson, Mardjane Teherani, Bruno Falissard, Jean Cottraux, Julia Plück, Robert Oades, Mirjam Simons-Sprong, P. F. Schothorst, J. T. Swaab-Barneveld, Stephanie Juran, Matthias Weisbrod, Eric Chen, Bernd Röpcke, Smiljka Popovic-Deusic, Luise Poustka, Nele Wild-Wall, Mechthilde Papousek, Mirelle Keren, Ruth Feldman, S. Maestro, A. Chilosi, C. Pecini, L. Pfanner, Laurence Greenhill, K. Jahnsen, L. T. W. Jong-van den Berg, J. M. Zito, Kelly Posner, Anne Skrobala, Pablo Goldberg, Lisa Kotler, Robert Findling, Regina Bussing, Kapil Sayal, Geoffrey Mitchell, Michael Huss, Barbara Högl, Renate Grimmlinger, Karl Christoph Käppler, Maycoln M. L. Teodoro, Sylvia Hiromi Oswald, Janine M. Dagnoni, M. I. Pinheiro, C. T. Heleno, R. Rothe-Neves, V. G. Haase, A. Del Prette, Marimilia Rodrigues Lambertucci, J. L. Rodrigues, P. M. Freitas, C. A. P. Lourenco, H. C. W. Carvalho, J. Baumeister, M. Weisenhorn, S. Stadelmann, S. H. Oswald, H. Ruder, Ciro Ruggerini, Stefania Vicini, Enrico Pupulin, Antonio Guidi, Kaija Puura, Mirjami Mäntymaa, Kai von Klitzing, Orna Rosvald, Hans-Ludwig Kröber, A. Stöver, R. Proske, Rainer Semmelbeck, Marc Walther, Matthias Schmelzle, Monika Egli-Alge, Richard Beckett, Constanze Gerhold, Lieselotte Turkmen-Barta, Colette Chiland, Heino Meyer-Bahlburg, Domenico Di Ceglie, Ulrike Lehmkuhl, Orlando Uccellini, Mario Bertolini, Francesca Neri, Delia Albanese, Raffaella Bertola, Maartje Snoek, Martien Kas, Ulrike Margarete Elisabeth Schulze, Silke Calame, Ferdinand Keller, Stephanie Santel, Kerstin Krauel, Michael Rotte, Thomas F. Münte, Annemarie van Elburg, Fritz Poustka, Sven Bölte, Sabine Feineis-Matthews, Sven Boite, D. Hubl, D. Prvulovic, T. Dierks, Sabine Klauck, Irma Moilanen, M. Mattila, J. Laurila, K. Jussila, A. Pyper, S. L. Linna, Hanna Ebeling, D. Pauls, Pirjo Korpilahti, Soile Loukusa, Eira Jansson-Verkasalo, Johannes Hebebrand, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Anke Hinney, Anne-Kathrin Wermter, Susann Friedel, Frank Geller, Helmut Schafer, Fernando Fernandez-Aranda, Joanna Holliday, Kristian Holtkamp, C. Mika, M. Heer, Rudolf Uher, Nicole Barbarich, Shannan E. Henry, Ursula Bailer, Guido Frank, Walter H. Kaye, Elisabet Wentz, J. Hubert Lacey, Glenn Waller, Maria Rastam, Jeremy Turk, Christopher Gillberg, Frank C. Verhulst, Marieke Zwaanswijk, Peter Verhaak, Jozien Bensing, Jan van der Ende, Frank Verhulst, Andre Sourander, Paivi Santalahti, Tamsin Ford, Robert Goodman, Howard Meltzer, Inge Seiffge-Krenke, Richard Fritsch, Marika Cutler, E. James Anthony, Per-Anders Rydelius, Rolf Castell, Milica Pejovic-Milovancevic, Miroslav Pavlovic, Noa Kalman, Muli Linder, Ido Luria, Yechiel Levkovitz, Kosuke Yamazaki, Pedro Caldeira da Silva, Grata Santos, Filipa Martins, Yen-Nan Chiu, Wen-Jer Tsai, Shur-Fen Gau, Chang-Chang Tseng, Shu-Chen Su, Jan Croonenberghs, Lucas Brouw, Annick Wauters, Nicole Bruning, Zina Manjaly, Gereon Fink, Olivera Aleksic, Nenad Rudic, Lucres Jansen, Christine C. Gispen-De Wied, Bertine Lahuis, Hanna Swaab, Jolijn Pietersen, Carolien Gevers, Inge Kamp-Becker, Isabell Germerott, Patricia Howlin, null Gaudière, Barbara Forresi, G. Lepri, Soumaila Laval, Andreas Wiefel, Z. Biringen, Karl Titze, K. Lenz, C. Seither, B. Witte, Marguerite Dunitz-Scheer, Markus Wilken, Alexandra Krasnovsky, Peter Scheer, Maria Cordeiro, Filippo Muratori, B. Felloni, A. Cesari, Linda Helmig, Peter Fonagy, Chris Moody, Jim Fultz, René Glanzmann, Nathalie Lutz-Latil, Agnes van Wyl, Dainius Puras, Amaia Hervds, John Tsiantis, T. Dragonas, H. Davis, V. Ispanovic, A. Paradisiotou, Mimoza Shanini, Lynne Jones, A. Uka, A. Rrustemi, Anne-Liis von Knorring, Dirk Deboutte, Souraya Dorhmi, Mohamed Agoub, Driss Moussaoui, Omar Battas, Inger Halvorsen, Anne Andersen, Sonja Heyerdahl, Denise Baillot, Michele La Roche, Claudia Furino, Annick Buchholtz, Gary Goldfield, Katherine Henderson, Ulrich Hagenah, Varinja Blume, Marlene Flacke-Redanz, Beate Herpertz Dahlmann, Angelique A. Sallas, Hubertus Adam, null Mozambique, Aferdita Goci-Uka, Susanne Schlüter-Müller, Umesh Bawa, Fakhri Khalik, Nima Forouher, Miyuki Sadamatsu, null Nanba, Nobumasa Kato, Kiyoto Kasai, Eiji Nanba, Martin H. Schmidt, Günter Esser, Herman van Engeland, Sophie Willemsen-Swinkels, Claudine Dietz, Anne Claire Beernink, Oliver Vidojevic, Ivona Milacic, Rael Strous, Roni Hegesh, Simion Kertzman, Z. Ben-Nahum, Moshe Kotler, Emma van Daalen, Mijke Zeegers, Hilleke Hulshoff Pol, Charles Williams, Jessica Sank, Martha Paulk, George Schwarz, Paul Wharton, Marija Raleva, Kamka Paketchieva, Angelina Filipovska, Carole Müller Nix, Margarita Forcada Guex, Abdel-Mohsen Daigham, Marit S. Indredavik, Torstein Vik, Siri Kulseng, Ann-Mari Brubakk, Marion Cuddy, Katharine Riley, Brigitte Vollmer, John Wyatt, Robin Murray, Mika Soininen, E. Juulia Paavonen, Mika Fjällberg, Juha Salmi, Almgvist Fredrik, Eeva T. Aronen, Olaf Reis, Stephanie P. Bohne, Susanne Kraenz, Dong-Hyun Ahn, Tae-Ho Kim, Jun-Ho Choi, Yun-Young Kim, Ivan Begovac, Milena Skocic, Vlasta Rudan, Oleg Filipovic, Tomasz Wolanczyk, Anita Brynska, Stanislaw Wojtowicz, Salvador Celia, Cisca Aerts, Elisabeth Cleve, Hellmut Hartmann, Hans-Jürgen Kühle, Fridjof Heidorn, Solveigh Zeyer, Joaquin Fuentes, Andrés Martin, Denis G. Sukhodolsky, Riittakerttu Kaltiala-Heino, Matti Rimpelä, Henrik Andershed, Deborah O’Donnell, Michelle Pearce, Dieter Burgin, Andreas Becker, Nicola Hagenberg, Matthias Berking, Veit Roessner, Ketil Hanssen-Bauer, Odd Aalen, Jürgen Junglas, Yoon-Seok Huh, Yun Young Kim, Kyung-Ja Oh, Kai Wang, Michael Tarren-Sweeney, D. M. Leiblum, Renate Kühl, Cornelia Nötzel, Ernst Pfeiffer, Klaus Lenz, Agneta Rosling, Marianne Poller, Donna Cross, Simone Klabin, Diana Kaplan, Lars Mickel, Gerd Lehmkuhl, Regina Möckel, Shani Leor, Leor Frisch, Amos Frisch, Abraham Weizman, Andrey Zanozin, Sylvie Jamart, Jean-Yves Hayez, Agnes Leor, Maria Elisabeth Ahle, Galit Ben Amitay, Irene Kosov, Ahuva Reiss, Moses Tamar, Hans Smedje, Hiie Allik, Jean Steyaert, Dries Castermans, John Creemers, Koenraad Devriendt Marta Kaczynska-Haladyj, Maria Claustre Jané Ballabriga, Joaquima Judez, Empar Pelaez, Pilar Sole, Lidia Rodriguez, Saskia Palmen, Chantal Kemner, Hugo Schnack, Rene Kahn, Anna Fabrizi, Levi Gabriel, Marcos Mercadante, Sergiode Paula Ramos, Maria Concecao Rosario-Campos, Michael Rutter, Stephan Collishaw, Barbara Maughan, Andrew Pickles, Julie Messer, Avshalom Caspi, Terrie Moffitt, Jana Kreppner, Anne Inger H. Borge, Suniya Luthar, Stephanie Hamarman, C. Ulger, J. Fossella, M. Brimacombe, J. Dermody, Mark Stein, L. D. Waldman, C. Sarampote, A. Robb, E. H. Cook, Aiveen Kirley, N. Lowe, Z. Hawi, C. Mullins, G. Daly, I. Waldman, M. McCarro, null O’Donell, Emma van der Meulen, S. C. Bakker, D. L. Pauls, R. J. Sinke, Guilherme Polanczyk, C. Zeni, J. P. Genro, Tatiana Roman, Mara Hutz, Christa Schaff, Patrick Haemmerle, Harald Sontag, Agnes Vetro, Julia Gadoros, Gotthard Roosen-Runge, Jocelyn Hattab, Peter Hummel, Orna Braun-Lewensohn, Daniel Schechter, Charles Zeanah, Michael Myers, Michael Liebowitz, Mark Davies, Wei-Tsuen Soong, Deborah James, Nick Sofroniou, Marine Gegelashvili, Umesh Parikh, John M. Kane, Anil K. Malhotra, Manoj Shah, Richard R. Pleak, Ronen Hizami, David Michelson, Marina Danckaerts, Alessandro Zuddas, Shuyu Zhang, Philip Hazell, P. Zeiner, M. Johnson, Frank Häßler, Prasad Suyash, Edmund Sonuga-Barke, Lynne Poole, Sarah Mares, Jon Jureidini, Zachary Steel, Louise Newman, Torsten Lucas, Stephanie Paulus, Martin Aßhauer, Birgit Miller, Gunilla Jarkman Björn, Christina Bodén, Per Gustafsson, Viola Povse Ivkic, Lazar Tenjovic, Radosavljev Jelena, Smiljka Popovic Deusic, Philip Graham, Henrikje Klasen, Jacinta Tan, Tony Hope, Anne Stewart, Raymond Fitzpatrick, Michael Kölch, Angeles Diaz-Caneja, Sonia Johnson, Ines Dippold, Katja Wiethoffi Ferdinand Keller, Sue Bailey, Nathan Whittle, Klaus Hennighausen, Gregor Kohls, Verena Maas, Tanja Rinker, Swantje Zachau, Gabriele Christmann, Anna Jaremkiewicz, Michael Schecker, Waldemar von Suchodoletz, Ruth Uwer, Ronald Albrecht, Lisa Glass, Valéria Csépe, Ferenc Honbology, Anett Rago, Eva Mészdros, Richard G. Schwartz, Valerie L. Shafer, Jonathan Green, C. Jacobs, L. Kroll, J. Briskman, G. Dunn, J. Beecham, B. Tobias, L. Baird, Terje Ogden, Michael Fitzgerald, Mark Bellgrove, Michael Gill, Ian H. Robertson, Paul McArdle, Amanda Burke, K. Michael Hong, Christina Hoven, Danuta Wasserman, Katharina Braun, Jórg Bock, Carina Helmecke, Michael Gruß, Gerd Poeggel, Charles Marsden, S. Muchimapura, M.-C. Pardon, M. Bianchi, Joram Feldon, Daniela Rüedi-Bettschen, Andrea C. Dettling, Christopher R. Pryce, Hans-Willi Clement, O. Sommer, A. Pschibul, C. Rombach, M. Gerlach, Claudia Mehler-Wex, S. Zeiske, E. Grünblatt, G. Gille, D. Rausch, Manfred Gerlach, Amira Seif El-Din, Nadia Kadri, Houda Hjiej Andaloussi, Khadija Chihabeddine, Mohammed Almaqrami, Alexander von Gontard, M. Okuno, Kurt Quaschner, Niels Bilenberg, Carsten Obel, Tine Brink Henriksen, Morten Hedegaard, Niels Jurgen Secher, Jorn Olsen, Antonio Fonseca, Isabelle Nathalie Koch, Ieva Bite, Phyllis Cohen, Katrin Russell, Nichaela Broyden, Gillian Lancaster, Christina Eichhorn, Karola Tiedtke, Ronald Feldman, Andreas Warnke, Peter Scheuerpflug, V. Vetter, Jürgen Bartling, Kerstin Konrad, Susanne Neufang, Charlotte Hanisch, Gereon R. Fink, Sarah Durston, Matthew C. Davidson, Nim Tottenham, Julie Spicer, Adriana Galvan, John Horvitz, John A. Fossella, Richard Watts, B. J. Casey, Daniel Brandeis, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Ann-Christine Ehlis, Jürgen Seifert, W. K. Strik, K. E. Zillessen, Martin J. Herrmann, Gerd Schulte-Körne, Heikki Lyytinen, Tomi Guttorm, Anna-Maija Poikkeus, Kenneth M. Eklund, Paula Lyytinen, Minna Torppa, M.-L. Laakso, E. Leskinen, A. Tolvanen, Silvia Paracchini, J. Schumacher, I. R. König, Claudia Libertus, Heide Griesemann, A. Kleensang, A. Ziegler, P. Propping, M. Näthen, Leo Wolmer, Iyad Zagout, Esti Galili-Weisstub, Gene Fisch, Ann Swillen, Annick Vogels, Christine Freitag, Jean-Francois Bouville, Laetitia Atlanti-Duault, Thierry Baubet, Robyn Osrow, Marie-Madeleine Leplomb, Yves Marchandy, Malika Bennabi, Ricardo Halpern, Odon Monteiro, Abbey-Robin Durkin, Rudy Haapanen, Susanne Bauer, Max Friedrich, Christina Stadler, Philipp Sterzer, Andreas Kleinschmidt, Irene Nowraty, W. E. Müller, Ulrich Knölker, Gabriele Schmid, Swantje Berndt, B. Behn, Jan Hendrik Puls, Luc Stevens, Joachim Jungmann, Zoran Juretic, Nela Ercegovic, Renate Schepker, Füsun Çuhadaroglu-Çetin, G. Herhaus, S. Melfsen, Daomeng Cheng, Donald Harder, Harry Laws, Yoshibumi Nakane, Kenzo Takeshita, Hiroshi Naruse, Yan Zhu, Jun Liu, Yasong Du, John Sikorski, Sannie Hamerlynck, Lisettet Hart, Lucres Nauta-Janssen, Prathiba Chitsabesan, Hien Nguyen, Jovan Simeon, Cathy Cuzner, Howard Schachter, Ana Soledade Martins, Chirstian Kieling, Julia Comassetto, Renata Goncalves, Silvia Oswald, Johannes Buchmann, J. Kirschner, M. Garvey, Gunther Moll, Hartmut Heinrich, Sameer Malhotra, Zeffie Poulakis, Sam Menahem, Karin Sauer, Tilouch Samia, Hannachi Rimeh, Missaoui Sonia, Mara Westling Allodi, Monica Biscaldi, Bettina Wagner, Chiyoko Uchida, Thomas Jozefiak, Roberta Penge, Valentina Ivancich Biaggini, Siv Fischbein, Matti Joukamaa, Anja Taanila, Juha Veijola, Juha T. Karvonen, Jouko Miettunen, Edelmira Domenech Llaberia, Teresa Corbella Domenech, Maria Claustre Jane Ballabriga, Josepa Canals Sanz, Griselda Esparo, Sergi Ballespi Sola, Xuejun Liu, Yukiko Kano, Masataka Ohta, Yoko Nagai, Takashi Arai, Su Linyan, Jeff Bridge, Boris Birmaher, Carlo Di Lorenzo, Satish Iyengar, David Brent, Bernhard Blanz, Laura Weninger, Gerhard Libal, Anna Skrabal, Michael Bowden, Howard Cooper, Inger Simonsen, Carl Bechstrom, Mette Medby, Ritva Erkolahti, Gunther Klosinski, Mihoko Oba, Satomi Murase, Takashi Murakami, Jiro Takai, Hitoshi Kaneko, Shuji Honjo, Katrina Rickards, Annhild Weber, Michael Karle, Alain Lazartigues, Pascale Planche, Eric Lemonnier, Mani Pavuluri, Lindsay Schenkel, Ryan Shaw, John Sweeny, Giancarlo Rigon, Stefano Costa, Alessandra Mancaruso, Roberta Mansi, Daniele Giovanni Poggioli, Simona Chiodo, Maja Radobuljac, Urban Groleger, Nada Ovsenik, Martina Tomori, Barbara Haas, Susanne Denoix, Franz Kimmig, Marc Weinhardt, Günter Schmitz, Berit Filschke, Conny Fliegauf, Ji-Hae Kim, Maya Krischer, Michael H. Stone, Kathrin Sevecke, Manfred Doepfner, Cornelia König, Dörte Grasmann, Michael Schlander, Stephen Ralston, R. Rodrigues Pereira, W. Brussel, L. Vlasveld, H. G. Tuynman-Qua, M. J. Lorenzo, R. Tauscher-Wisniewski, Stefano Palazzi, Ettore Guaia, Artur Kolakowski, Agnieszka Pisula, Timothy Wilens, Tobias Banaschewski, Henrik Uebel, Björn Albrecht, Monika Robatzek, Kristen Migliaccio-Walle, Jaime Caro, Albert J. Allen, R. Bart Sangal, Judith Owens, Douglas Kelsey, Virginia Sutton, Kory Schuh, Aliye Tugba Bahadir, Zeynep Yaman, Ayse Rodopman Arman, Kemal Kuscu, Yanki Yazgan, Meral Berkem, Peter Feldman, Milton Denai, Alexander Simpson, Christopher Kratochvil, Jeffrey Newcorn, Joseph Biederman, Douglas Gelowitz, Christine Thomason, Haitao Gao, Patricia Bijttebier, Steff Decoene, Pia Niklaus, Nils Duits, Ulrich Auer, Kathleen Schnoor, Detlef Schläfke, Füsun Çuhadaroälu Çetin, Gordon Harper, Sami Hamdan, Muhammed El-Haib, Saynur Canat, Olivier Halfon, Monique Bolognini, B. Plancherel, Olivier Phan, Maurice Corcos, Jean-René Cardinaux, Pierre J. Magistretti, Blaise Pierrehumbert, Minna Koskinen, Ulf Engqvist, Matthew Allin, Larry Rifkin, Sandra Lancaster, Ayala Borghini, Laure Jaugey, Margarita Forcada-Guex, Lyne Jaunin, Carole Müller-Nix, François Ansermet, Mariada Conceicao Taborda Simoes, Luiza Nobre Lima, Mariada Luz Vale Dias, Rainer Georg Siefen, Ariel Como, Valbona Alikaj, Sonila Tomori, Flavia Capozzi, Angela Romano, Mara Roello, Francesca Piperno, Mali A. Mann, Dieter Stösser, Gottfried Barth, Alina Pimenov, Jenny Schwab, Hülya Bingöl, Rémy Barbe, Heba Elkshishy, Ana Jovanovic, Aneta Lakic, Vesna Milovanovic, Milorad Vukasinovic, Jeffrey Bridge, David Kolko, David A. Brent, Kathryn Gilson, Roslyn Montague, Ian Shochet, Cristina Maria Ribeiro Marques, Teresa Cepeda, Carolin Ligges, Marc Ligges, Ralph Huonker, Paavo Leppänen, Torni K. Guttorm, Jarmo Hämäläinen, Anne Puolakanaho, Ellen Plume, Inke R. König, Wolfgang Deimel, Markus M. Nöthen, Peter Propping, André Kleensang, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Andreas Ziegler, Sung-Do David Hong, Xueping Gao, Xuerong Li, Soyoung Irene Lee, Eui-Jung Kim, In-Hee Cho, Ji-Hoon Kim, Se-Hyun Park, J-Wook Choi, Steffen Heger, Andreas Schreiner, Klaus Rettig, Rossella Medori, Peik Gustafsson, Kjell Hansson, Lena Eidevall, Gunilla Thernlund, Philip Heiser, A. Dempfle, Judith Smidt, Justyna Grabarkiewicz, Hans Kiefl, U. Hemminger, K. Saar, James Swanson, Nora D. Volkov, S. Gupta, L. Williams, D. Agler, M. Wasdell, S. Wigal, Silvia Martins, Silza Tramontina, Mariana Eizirik, Benedetto Vitiello, Walter Clevenger, Stephen Faraone, James McGough, James McCracken, Luis Augusto Rohde, Larry Greenhill, Michael Leary, Bo Larsson, W. Boudewijn Gunning, Jean-Marie Villat, Redmond O’Connell, Mark A. Bellgrove, Paul Dockree, Raymond Traube, Mary Braunschweig, Jacques Chabanier, Germana De Leo, Margerita Ibanez, Olivette Mikolajaks, Ida Ropstad, J. Gerald Young, Rachele Aiello, Viviana Porcari, Maria Patrizia Salatiello, Anna Lo Bue, Valentina Dell’Oglio, Rosaria Cardella, Sabrina Chifari, Anne Mari Undheim, Linyan Su, Xuerong Luo, Joanne Barton, Lioba Baying, Thomas Rellum, Emrah Duezel, Hermann Hinrichs, Christoph Bartel, Iris Linde, E. Friederichs, Mark Bangs, Helmut Remschmidt, Theodore Doreleijers, Elisabeth Rebernig, Giovanni Battista Camerini, Soraya Otero, Ana Rivas, Guadalupe Pombo, Maruke Yeghiyan, Gasparyan Kachatur, Arman Danileyan, Tord Ivarsson, Robert Valderhaug, Susanne Walitza, Christoph Wewetzer, Nikolaus Barth, F. Hahn, Fernando Asbahr, Ana Regina Castillo, Ligia Ito, Mariado Rosario Latorre, Michelle Moreira, Francisco Lotufo-Neto, Sophie Symann, Dominique Charlier, Belinda Plattner, Astrid Elisabeth Schallauer, Beat Mohler, P. Staub, Carsten Müller, Rieke Oelkers-Ax, Jochen Fischer, Uta Hermanns, Anne Nickel, Hans Volker Bolay, Miguel Cherro-Aguerre, Merete Juul Sorensen, Judith Becker Nissen, Ole Mors, Per Hove Thomsen, Anne Mari Sund, May Britt Drugli, Lars Wichstrom, Matthias Schwannauer, Emily Taylor, Rob Wrate, Matthias Martin, Jan-Olov Larsson, Henrik Larsson, Paul Lichtenstein, Andrea G. Ludolph, Felix Mottaghy, Susanne Kraemer, Dieter Claus, Bernhard Krause, Jbrg M. Fegert, Tuula Hurtig, Anna Malakhova, Katerina Maniadaki, Efthymios Kakouros, Peter Jensen, Joe Albert Garcia, Sherry Glied, Maura Crowe, E. Michael Foster, Bernard Golse, Jenny Junghanß, Aino-Maija Salin, Päivi Rytölä, and Pauliina Hiltunen

Published
2004
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26. Forschungsschwerpunkt Gewichtszunahme und Gewichtsregulation unter Neuroleptika

Author

Johannes Hebebrand, Michael Haberhausen, Stefan Gebhardt, Helmut Remschmidt, and Frank M. Theisen

Abstract

Gewichtsveranderungen unter Psychopharmaka sind seit Beginn des Einsatzes dieser Substanzen bekannt und etwa seit den 50er Jahren des vorigen Jahrhunderts Gegenstand systematischer Erforschung. Gewichtszunahmen unter neuroleptischer Therapie besitzen weitaus groere klinische Relevanz und sind auch wesentlich haufiger als Gewichtsabnahmen. Vor dem Hintergrund einer schizophrenen Psychose wird die Gewichtszunahme allerdings anfanglich kaum bemerkt oder als eher „harmlose“ Nebenwirkung billigend in Kauf genommen. Nach einigen Monaten jedoch kann sie 20 Kilogramm und mehr betragen, und der Patient tragt neben seiner Grunderkrankung die Last einer pharmakologisch induzierten Adipositas. Wahrend unter der Behandlung mit klassischen Neuroleptika besonders Nebenwirkungen des extrapyramidalmotorischen Systems hervorgerufen werden, stellt die Gewichtszunahme eine der haufigsten unerwunschten Wirkungen der neueren atypischen Neuroleptika dar. Die Gewichtszunahme wird durch den steigenden Einsatz der atypischen Substanzen und die gesundheitspolitische Fokussierung auf Adipositas zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen.

Published
2004
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27. Buchbesprechung

Author

Michael Haberhausen

Subjects
Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, General Medicine
Published
2006
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