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S1. MAPK dependence in UPS and HT-1080 cells

S7. Modeling UPS extravasation with zebrafish xenografts

S6. The role of RHAMM in UPS migration

S5. The role of RHAMM in UPS in proliferation and TGFB signaling

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-7

S3. YAP1 target expression in human and mouse UPS

S2. Colon carcinomas are insensitive to TGFB inhibition relative to sarcomas

The research team has utilized privacy-protected mobile device location data, integrated with COVID-19 case data and census population data, to produce a COVID-19 impact analysis platform that can inform users about the effects of COVID-19 spread and government orders on mobility and social distancing. The platform is being updated daily, to continuously inform decision-makers about the impacts of COVID-19 on their communities, using an interactive analytical tool. The research team has processed anonymized mobile device location data to identify trips and produced a set of variables, including social distancing index, percentage of people staying at home, visits to work and non-work locations, out-of-town trips, and trip distance. The results are aggregated to county and state levels to protect privacy, and scaled to the entire population of each county and state. The research team is making their data and findings, which are updated daily and go back to January 1, 2020, for benchmarking, available to the public to help public officials make informed decisions. This paper presents a summary of the platform and describes the methodology used to process data and produce the platform metrics.

Analyzing important changes to massive transportation datasets like national bottleneck statistics, passenger data for domestic flights, airline maintenance budgets, or even publication data from the Transportation Research Record can be extremely complex. These types of datasets are often grouped by attributes in a tree structure hierarchy. The parent–child relationships of these hierarchical datasets allow for unique analytical opportunities, including the ability to track changes in the dataset at different levels of granularity, over time or between versions. For example, analysts can use hierarchies to uncover changes in the patterns of passengers flying in the United States over the last ten years, breaking down the data by states, cities, airports, and number of passengers. Exploring changes in travel patterns over time can help carriers make better decisions regarding their operations and long-range planning. This paper describes TreeVersity2, a web-based data comparison tool that provides users with information visualization techniques to find what has changed in a dataset over time. TreeVersity2 enables users to explore data that can be inherently hierarchical or not (by categorizing them by their attributes). An interactive textual reporting tool complements the visual exploration when the amount of data is very large. The results of two case studies conducted with transportation domain experts along with the results of an exit questionnaire are also described. TreeVersity2 preloaded with several demo datasets can be found at ( http://treeversity.cattlab.umd.edu ) along with several example videos.

To analyze data such as the US Federal Budget or characteristics of the student population of a University it is common to look for changes over time. This task can be made easier and more fruitful if the analysis is performed by grouping by attributes, such as by Agencies, Bureaus and Accounts for the Budget, or Ethnicity, Gender and Major in a University. We present TreeVersity2, a web based interactive data visualization tool that allows users to analyze change in datasets by creating dynamic hierarchies based on the data attributes. TreeVersity2 introduces a novel space filling visualization (StemView) to represent change in trees at multiple levels - not just at the leaf level. With this visualization users can explore absolute and relative changes, created and removed nodes, and each node's actual values, while maintaining the context of the tree. In addition, TreeVersity2 provides overviews of change over the entire time period, and a reporting tool that lists outliers in textual form, which helps users identify the major changes in the data without having to manually setup filters. We validated TreeVersity2 with 12 case studies with organizations as diverse as the National Cancer Institute, Federal Drug Administration, Department of Transportation, Office of the Bursar of the University of Maryland, or eBay. Our case studies demonstrated that TreeVersity2 is flexible enough to be used in different domains and provide useful insights for the data owners. A TreeVersity2 demo can be found at https://treeversity.cattlab.umd.edu.

Transportation data sets of all kinds are hierarchical in nature and therefore are easily represented in tree structures. Visually comparing the changes in these hierarchical data sets over time can be extremely difficult, even when the trees are relatively small. TreeVersity is a novel inter active visualization that allows users to detect and analyze changes in the structure and value of various components of the tree. TreeVersity uses dual comparison techniques (side by side and explicit differences) coupled with a tabular representation to help users understand and explore changes to the tree over time. TreeVersity uses carefully selected color palettes to show positive or negative absolute and relative value changes and glyphs that show these changes preattentively. A study illustrated the value of this visualization technique through various short case studies based on federal transportation budget data, airline maintenance budget data, and transportation publication data. Hypotheses for TreeVersity's future relevance for congestion trend analysis are provided.

Transportation is the backbone of the civilization and the reason for the economic prosperity. There's serious money in our transportation infrastructure, research, policy, data collection, and, yes, software and other IT systems. The paper presents a highlevel introduction to current visualization research for transportation, discuss research opportunities, and encourage the CG community to get involved. It briefly covers transportation data visualization, wide-area real-time simulation, visualizing and mining archived data, massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs), and even virtual design and construction.

Traffic congestion and overall performance monitoring of roadways continues to be a major initiative of departments of transportation and planning boards nationwide. Information from traffic monitoring programs has direct relevance to both analysts and the general public. Traditional data analysis tools and methods in this area fail to connect congestion data with incident and event data and thus make the task of determining the causes of congestion difficult in many cases. As more traffic data are collected, the need for tools that can facilitate effective visualization of this data, both archived and real time, is becoming increasingly apparent. The proposed congestion and incident scanner tool is a web-based application that affords dynamic and interactive analysis of traffic congestion conditions. The tool provides an intuitive, minimalistic interface for generating congestion performance visualizations for specific date ranges and locations. These visualizations improve on existing tools by allowing users to interact with and manipulate the visualizations to better highlight specific areas of interest. The integration of incident and traffic event data with visualization allows users to easily correlate congestion abnormalities with possible causes as well as evaluate the full effects of events, such as roadwork and major incidents, on traffic conditions.

Transportation systems are being monitored at an unprecedented scope, which is resulting in tremendously detailed traffic and incident databases. Although the transportation community emphasizes developing standards for storing these incident data, little effort has been made to design appropriate visual analytics tools to explore the data, extract meaningful knowledge, and represent results. Analyzing these large multivariate geospatial data sets is a nontrivial task. A novel, web-based, visual analytics tool called Fervor is proposed as an application that affords sophisticated, yet user-friendly, analysis of transportation incident data sets. Interactive maps, histograms, two-dimensional plots, and parallel coordinates plots are four featured visualizations that are integrated to allow users to interact simultaneously with and see relationships among multiple visualizations. Using a rich set of filters, users can create custom conditions to filter data and focus on a smaller data set. However, because of the multivariate nature of the data, finding interesting relationships can be a time-consuming task. Therefore, a rank-by-feature framework has been adopted and further expanded to quantify the strength of relationships among the different fields describing the data. In this paper, transportation incident data collected by the Maryland State Highway Administration's CHART program are used; however, the tool can be easily modified to accept other transportation data sets.

This research developed a system for visualizing four-dimensional (4-D), real-time transportation data for the major road networks of Washington, D.C., Northern Virginia, and the entire state of Maryland. The effort employed a combination of OpenGL and other modeling techniques to develop a scalable, highly interactive 4-D model using available geographic information system (GIS) and transportation infrastructure data in conjunction with real-time traffic management center data. The prototype system interacts with real-time traffic databases to show animations of real-time traffic data (volume and speed) along with incident data (accident locations, lane closures, responding agencies, etc.). A user can “fly” or “drive” through the region to inspect conditions at an infinite number of angles and distances. The program also allows users to monitor the status of and interact with traffic control devices such as dynamic message signs, closed-circuit television feeds, and traffic sensors and even view the location of emergency response vehicles equipped with Global Positioning System transceivers. Because the system uses standard GIS data and relatively standard transportation databases to derive traffic measures, it can be scaled to incorporate other states and agencies.

We describe an apparatus for measuring the second-order nonlinear tensor of crystals based on the measurement technique of separated-beam, nonphase matched, second-harmonic generation. This method is an improvement over traditional methods based on the analysis of Maker fringes. We illustrate our measurement technique and show some typical data for crystals of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium niobate. We intend to maintain our apparatus to encourage rapid and complete characterization of new nonlinear crystals, and also to improve the nonlinear tensor data base for established nonlinear crystals.

We develop the heuristic theory of second harmonic generation with focused beams in walkoff-compensating crystals, and compare it with experiments, demonstrating excellent agreement.

Transportation agencies have invested significantly in extensive closed-circuit television (CCTV) systems to monitor freeways in urban areas. While thes systems have proven to be very effective in supporting incident management, they do not support the collection of quantitative measures of traffic conditions. Instead, they simply provide images that must be interpreted by trained operators. While there are several video image vehicle detection systems (VIVDS) on the market that have the capability to automatically derive traffic measures fro video imagery, these systems require the installation of fixed-position cameras. Thus, they have not been integrated with the existing moveable CCTV cameras. VIVDS camera positioning and calibration challenges were addressed and a prototype machine-vision system was developed that successfully integrated existing moveable CCTV cameras with VIVDS. Results of testing the prototype are presentedindicating that when the camera’s initial zoom level was kept between ×1 and ×1.5, the camera consistently could be returned to its original position with a repositioning accuracy of less than 0.03 to 0.1 regardless of the camera’s displaced pan, tilt, or zoom settings at the time of repositioning. This level of positional accuracy when combined with a VIVDS resulted in vehicle count errors of less than 1%.

This report identifies the current state of the practice regarding sharing operations data. A primary objective of this study is to document both the qualitative and quantitative business cases for sharing data among agencies. The study also documents the institutional, legal, and technical challenges that can inhibit data sharing. Information used in this study was acquired through a review of the literature, and a survey of state and local transportation operations individuals as well as transit service providers, law enforcement, emergency management agencies, private sector data providers, private sector traveler information providers, and other agencies responsible for transportation operations.

This report presents the results of a study on the deployment, use, and effect of real-time traveler information (TI) systems. The main goals were to understand agency dissemination practices, assess the potential effectiveness of TI systems as it relates to traveler perception and use, and suggest best practices for facilitation. It also provides several key outputs to be used by stakeholders: a) survey/interviews of agency representatives, b) surveys and focus groups with travelers to better understand the public’s perception/use of TI, c) database of survey responses, d) comparative analysis of agency and public perceptions, e) recommendations of methods for assessing TI, including a “toolbox” of low-cost approaches, f) guidance for features of an ideal TI system, g) discussion of future TI, including cutting edge technologies. Agencies and the public agree that TI should be targeted, easy to use, relevant, clear, trustworthy, reliable, and accurate. Interestingly, there was a call for simple information that can be accessed by most people in a variety of locations (e.g., radio). The authors recommend features of an effective TI system. First, there should be a provision of TI focusing on non-recurring events. Second, a wide array of dissemination methods should be implemented. Finally, TI should align with needs and wants of the public. The report also includes guidance on how agencies can facilitate TI in the future, taking advantage of new technologies, new dissemination methods, and public-private partnerships.

We studied theoretically the laser-plasma interaction, and performed experiments to investigate the mechanisms giving rise to optical damage in Borosilicate glass using nanosecond laser pulses at wavelength 1064 nm. Our experimental result shows that the optical damage process generated by nanosecond laser pulses is the result of an optically induced plasma. The plasma is initiated when the laser irradiance frees electrons from the glass. Although it may be debated, the electrons are likely freed by multi-photon absorption and the number density grows via impact ionization. Later when the electron gas density reaches the critical density, the electron gas resonantly absorbs the laser beam through collective excitation since the laser frequency is equal to the plasma frequency. The laser energy absorbed through the collective excitation is much larger than the energy absorbed by multi-photon ionization and impact ionization. Our experimental result also shows the plasma survives until the end of the laser pulse and the optical damage occurs after the laser pulse ceases. The plasma decay releases heat to the lattice. This heat causes the glass to be molten and soft. It is only as the glass cools and solidifies that stresses induced by this process cause the glass to fracture and damage. We also show the experimental evidence of the change of the refractive index of the focusing region as the density of the electron gas changes from sub-critical to overcritical, and the reflection of the over-critical plasma. This reflection limits the electron gas density to be not much larger than the critical density.

This paper describes a web-based visual analytics monitoring system for identifying major bottlenecks, reporting on travel time reliability, and displaying other congestion measures using private sector vehicle probe data fused with agency incident/event data where available. This system represents an exponential leap forward in capabilities to report on system performance in terms of speed and ease of access, usability, and overall data availability. This paper demonstrates how states are using the system to justify construction projects, demonstrate the benefits of transportation projects, identify areas for improvement, and analyze travel times using a variety of data sources, with an emphasis on vehicle probe data. The underlying system includes probe data from as early as 2008 through today that is being used to analyze trends from year-to-year, month-to-month, and day-to-day. The resulting suite of tools provide significant new capabilities to researchers and analysts that will likely fuel additional research.

A short-standoff bistatic lidar system coupled with an aerosol chamber has been built to measure aerosol optical backscatter and laser induced fluorescence cross-sections. Preliminary results show good sensitivity across all channels with high signal-to-noise ratio.

Transportation systems are being monitored at an unprecedented scope resulting in tremendously detailed traffic and incident databases. While the transportation community emphasizes developing standards for storing this incident data, little effort has been made to design appropriate visual analytics tools to explore the data, extract meaningful knowledge, and represent results. Analyzing these large multivariate geospatial datasets is a non-trivial task. A novel, web-based, visual analytics tool called ICE (Incident Cluster Explorer) is proposed as an application that affords sophisticated yet user-friendly analysis of transportation incident datasets. Interactive maps, histograms, two-dimensional plots and parallel coordinates plots are four visualizations that are integrated together to allow users to simultaneously interact with and see relationships between multiple visualizations. Accompanied by a rich set of filters, users can create custom conditions to filter data and focus on a smaller dataset. Due to the multivariate nature of the data, a rank-by-feature framework has been expanded to quantify the strength of relationships between the different fields.

This report describes progress in designing a neutral atom trap capable of trapping sub millikelvin atom in a magnetic trap and shuttling the atoms across the atom chip from a collection area to an optical cavity. The numerical simulation and atom chip design are discussed. Also, discussed are preliminary calculations of quantum noise sources in Kerr nonlinear optics measurements based on electromagnetically induced transparency. These types of measurements may be important for quantum nondemolition measurements at the few photon limit.

We investigate the inversion dynamics in Nd:Cr:GSGG laser rods as a function of pumping frequency in order to optimize Nd:Cr:GSGG Q switched lasers for rapid time to fire applications. By frequency filtering the pump light to the Nd:Cr:GSGG rod and measuring the florescence from the rod, we determine the dynamics for different excitation processes in the laser (i.e. direct excitation of the Nd ions or indirect excitation via Cr ions). We also measure the flashlamp pulse shape using various spectral filters This combination of measurements help us understand the processes contributing and limiting the efficiency of Nd:Cr:GSGG lasers when the lasers must fire on a short time scale.

High-quality, microscopic transportation simulation output visualization systems are extremely difficult and time consuming to generate. Existing systems do not allow for real-time, interactive simulation visualization output. This project developed the means to dynamically display and interact with, in four-dimensions, the real-time simulation output from a stochastic microscopic traffic simulation model. The 4D visualization system described in this paper provides true spatial awareness and can convey information that cannot be easily explained by traditional two dimensional visualization methods. The system provides the means to take multiple large scale simulation outputs (like TSIS-CORSIM) at various time frames and allow them to be visualized concurrently (or sequentially) and seamlessly in an existing 4D environment. The system affords the viewing of the simulation output in a virtual world complete with aerial photography, terrain mapping, weather animations, buildings, and other features.

We calculate the line shape and linewidths for electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in optically thick, Doppler broadened media (buffer gasses are also considered). In generalizing the definition of the EIT linewidth to optically thick media, we find two different linewidth definitions apply depending on whether the experiment is pulsed or continuous wave (cw). Using the cw definition for the EIT line shape we derive analytic expressions describing the linewidth as a function of optical depth. We also review the EIT line shapes in optically thin media and provide physical arguments for how the line shapes change as a function of various parameters.

Recent experiments demonstrating slow light between two absorbing resonances are reviewed as well as some recently demonstrated implementations, including low-light level buffering, image delays and interferometry.

We report on a recent demonstration of the large tunable delays of optical pulses in cesium vapor.

We demonstrate an all-optical delay line in hot cesium vapor that tunably delays 275 ps input pulses up to 6.8 ns and 740 input ps pulses up to 59 ns (group index of approximately 200) with little pulse distortion. The delay is made tunable with a fast reconfiguration time (hundreds of ns) by optically pumping out of the atomic ground states., 4 pages, 6 figures

We report on the experimental realization of large fractional pulse delays in a hot, Doppler-broadened rubidium vapor. A pump laser burns a deep spectral hole in the inhomogeneously broadened vapor. The delay is shown to be widely tunable by both power broadening the resonance and frequency modulating the pump laser. The simplicity of the scheme opens up the possibility for practical optical delays and buffers.

We present a theory describing the transients and rise times of the refractive Kerr nonlinearity which is enhanced using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We restrict our analysis to the case of a pulsed signal field with continuous-wave EIT fields, and all fields are well below saturation. These restrictions enable the reduction of an EIT Kerr, four-level, density-matrix equation to a two-level Bloch-vector equation which has a simple and physically intuitive algebraic solution. The physically intuitive picture of a two-level Bloch vector provides insights that are easily generalized to more complex and experimentally realistic models. We consider generalization to the cases of Doppler broadening, many-level EIT systems (we consider the $D1$ line of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$), and optically thick media. For the case of optically thick media we find that the rise time of the refractive EIT Kerr effect is proportional to the optical thickness. The rise time of the refractive EIT Kerr effect sets important limitations for potential few-photon applications.

We consider group delay and broadening using two strongly absorbing and widely spaced resonances. We derive relations which show that very large pulse bandwidths coupled with large group delays and small broadening can be achieved. Unlike single resonance systems, the dispersive broadening dominates the absorptive broadening which leads to a dramatic increase in the possible group delay. We show that the double resonance systems are excellent candidates for realizing all-optical delay lines. We report on an experiment which achieved up to 50 pulse delays with 40% broadening., 4 pages 4 figures

We consider group delay and broadening using two strongly absorbing resonances. Large pulse bandwidths and large group delays with small broadening are achieved. We report up to 50 pulse delays with 40% broadening.

We observe transients and rise times for the refractive EIT Kerr nonlinearity in Rubidium vapor, and discuss the importance of the rise times for various applications of EIT enhanced optical nonlinearities

Widely tunable large fractional pulse delays are achieved in a hot, Rubidium vapor with a spectrally burned resonance hole. The delay is tunable by both power broadening the resonance and frequency modulating the pump laser.

For CW-EIT and pulsed signal fields, we predict and measure the rise-times of the EIT-Kerr-optical nonlinearity are proportional to the product of the optical-pumping rate and medium optical-thickness. A slow-light signal field overcomes some rise-time limitations.

We obtain large fractional pulse delays in a Cesium vapor for a probe centered between two absorption resonances in the hyperfine structure. This delay can be tuned by applying pump fields to the absorption lines.

Using coherence enhanced nonlinear optics we observe absorptive switching in hot Rubidium atoms. Electromagnetically induced transparency helps create a larger absorptive Kerr nonlinearity enabling strong absorptive switching with laser intensities of 10 microwatts per square centimeter. Switching is interpreted in terms of optical pumping into and out of the "dark" state.