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The tendency to conceal personal information from others that an individual perceives as negative or distressing (i.e., self-concealment). The tendency to “keep secrets” has been associated with negative health and emotional outcomes. While parent behaviors have shown to influence the development of self-concealment among children and adolescents, less is known about self-concealment among college-age adults where parental influences are less direct. This study examined perceptions of parenting style and parental relationship quality on the tendency to self-conceal in a sample of 772 college students. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were computed to analyze the sequential effects of parenting variables (relationship quality and parenting style) on self-concealment. Overall, higher levels of self-concealment in males were found. Effects of perceived parenting style on self-concealment showed differential effects by gender. Among male students, more favorable relationship quality with the father was linked to lower levels of self-concealment while a more Permissive maternal parenting style was associated with greater self-concealment. In females, both father and mother relationship quality were inversely related to self-concealment (more positive relationship quality, less self-concealment). Greater paternal Authoritative parenting style and lower maternal Authoritarian parenting style were associated with lower levels of self-concealment among female students. Findings suggest that perceived parenting behaviors may continue to influence important behavioral tendencies (in this study self-concealment) into emerging adulthood.

L. Benjamin's (1984) structural analysis of social behavior (SASB) system was used as the organizing framework within which to characterize the phenomenology of self and other relationship experience among subtypes of alcoholic men. Within the context of a community-based study of psychopathology, groups of antisocial alcoholic (A AL), nonantisocial alcoholic (NAAL), and nonalcoholic (control) men completed ratings of their introject (self-concept) and spousal experience. Group differences in demography and psychopathology provided strong support for subtype variations among alcoholic men that could not be attributed to global differences in adaptive functioning. SASB data showed consistency in circumplex ordering across the groups in ratings of self-experien ce and in ratings of the spousal relationship. AAL men were the most self-neglecting, blaming, and least trusting, and control men were the most relationally connected, with NAAL men falling in between. Despite the importance of the subtyping distinction, in some areas, alcoholism, regardless of subtype, was the core differentiating factor. In this article, we make use of Benjamin's (1984, 1993) structural analysis of social behavior (SASB) methods and technology to characterize the phenomenology of self and other intimate relationship experiences among alcoholic men.1 Of special interest is the sensitivity of this method to articulate experiential variations within the alcoholic diagnostic entity, given the substantial literature that now supports the existence of at least two symptomatically and etiologically distinct types of alcoholism (Babor& Lauerman, 1986; Zucker, Fitzgerald, & Moses, 1995). Before turning to the empirical work, we briefly summarize the literature on phenomenology among alcoholic individuals focusing on self-concept research, the relationship of self-experience to interpersonal experience, and the subtype literature that forms the background for the study.

A sample of 19 residents of Hawaii were surveyed after their social context changed from majority group to minority group status as a result of relocation to the mainland United States to attend college. Multivariate statistical methods were used to evaluate the effects of group attitudes and length of residence in the mainland on ethnic identity and affiliative behavior. Results showed (a) an internalization of the perceived attitudes of mainland students with respect to the attitudes held by Hawaiian students toward their own group, (b) a strong association between Hawaiian students' attitudes toward their own group and affiliation with other Hawaiian students, (c) a marked reduction in the perceived favorability of attitudes of mainland students after the first year of mainland residence, (d) a decline in Hawaiian identification with increasing years of mainland residence, and (e) no association between Hawaiian identification and affiliative behavior toward fellow Hawaiian students.

This article examines the role of self-referent inhibition on the psychosocial adjustment of college students. Relationships between self-concealment (the tendency to actively conceal from others personal information that one perceives as negative or distressing) and measures of psychosocial adjustment were examined in a sample of 344 college undergraduates. Self-concealment was significantly correlated with self-reported anxiety, depression, shyness, and negative self-esteem. The tendency to self-conceal was also found to be differentially related to the adjustment variables as a function of sex. Attributional processes and the effects of sex-role socialization on inhibition are described, and implications of the study for therapists who work with college students are discussed. The construct of self-concealment represents a potentially important variable in the study of college student adjustment.

A three-dimensional model of adult dreaming styles shows a close correspondence with other models representing frameworks of waking experience and interpersonal behavior. These close parallels support the ubiquity of the factors identified by Robert F. Bales in his integrative new field theory and may help to bring the study of dream function more clearly into the realm of personality and social psychology.

The symbolic interactionist model of self-concept, also known as the reflected appraisal process, was adopted as the theoretical framework to investigate the effects of social interaction processes on the self-appraisals of adult participants in a small group. Interpersonal behavior ratings of actual other, reflected, and self-appraisals were collected in a two-wave panel design from 99 adults participating in human relations training groups. Covariance structure models were used to estimate the causal paths of the reflected appraisal process. Evidence supporting the conventional model of reflected appraisal was mixed. Actual appraisals had moderate effects on reflected appraisals, and had no effects on self-appraisals when reflected appraisals were controlled

The causal relationship between self (SE) and perceived (PE) appraisals was examined in a small group field setting. SYMLOG rating data were obtained at two time periods to enable analysis of reciprocal causal paths in a lagged panel design. Extending a similar investigation by Nowack, cross-lagged regressions were employed to decompose direct and indirect effects in model estimation. The results suggested the selective operation of reflected appraisal (PE–>SE) versus projection (SE–>PE) effects as a function of which SYMLOG dimension was being assessed. The use of multiple regression techniques on longitudinal data, versus reliance on cross-lagged panel correlation, for analyzing reciprocal causation was recommended for future research in this area.