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Virginity testing is a practice that is discriminatory, degrading to the honor and dignity of women, and is also a violation of human rights, which is carried out by the Indonesian National Police (POLRI) towards female police officer candidates as well as the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) towards female soldier candidates. Therefore, two problems arise in this research, namely what kind of obligations and responsibilities does Indonesia have in regards to providing legal protection for women according to international law, and how is the legality of the practice of the virginity tests carried out by POLRI and TNI according to international law. This study uses a qualitative, normative-legal approach. The result of this study are as follows: The obligations and responsibilities that Indonesia has in regards to providing legal protection for women is mandated by Article 7 of UDHR, Article 4 letters d, e, f, and l of Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women (DEVAW), Article 2 letters a, b, c, and f of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), as well as Article 3 and Article 26 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR). In regards to the legality of the virginity tests carried out by POLRI and TNI, such practice violates article 1, article 2, article 5 of Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), article 1, article 2 section (3), article 3, and article 4 letter b of DEVAW, article 1 and article 2 letter d of CEDAW, article 7 of ICCPR, as well as article 16 and article 10 of the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT).

Objective: To determine the socio-demographic profile of cervical cancer patients at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital in 2009-2019 based on educational level, parity, age, residence, and employment status and their relationship to cervical cancer stage at diagnosis. Methods: Comparative analytical study was conducted retrospectively based on medical records in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The selection was based on data completeness: cervical cancer stages, sociodemographic profiles consisting of education level, parity, age, Java or non-Java Island resident, and occupation. Multivariate analysis calculated the association between socio-demographic factors and cervical cancer stages. Data were analyzed using SPSS v.22.0 and Microsoft Excel. Results: This study included 4,584 patients with complete data. Only 19.3% patients were in the early stage, 63.3% had less than three parities, 82.8% of patients had formal primary school education or less, 80.9% patients were aged 18-65 years, 88.3% patients resided in Java Island, and 80.5% didn’t have the occupation. There was a significant association (p 0.05) between cervical cancer stage and parity, residence, and employment status. Conclusion: Low education and old age (> 65-year-old) were associated with the advanced stage of cervical cancer at diagnosis. Tujuan: Mengetahui profil sosiodemografi pasien kanker serviks di Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo tahun 2009-2019 berdasarkan tingkat pendidikan, jumlah paritas, usia, status kependudukan, pekerjaan, serta hubungannya terhadap stadium kanker serviks saat diagnosis. Metode: Penelitian analitik komparatif retrospektif berdasarkan data rekam medis Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo. Pemilihan sesuai kelengkapan data: stadium kanker serviks, profil status sosiodemografi yang terdiri atas tingkat pendidikan, paritas, usia, penduduk pulau Jawa atau non-Jawa, dan status pekerjaan. Hubungan antar variabel dianalisis multivariat untukmencari hubungan berbagai faktor sosiodemografi terhadap stadium kanker serviks. Analisis data menggunakan program SPSS versi 22.0 dan Microsoft Excel.Hasil: Terdapat 4.584 pasien kanker serviks yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Sebanyak 19,3% pasien dengan stadium awal. Selanjutnya 82,8% pasien memiliki pendidikan formal sekolah dasar atau kurang, 63,3% pasien memiliki jumlah paritas kurang dari tiga, 80,9% pasien berusia antara 18-65 tahun, 88,3% pasien berdomisili di pulau Jawa, dan 80,5% tidak bekerja. Didapatkan asosiasi bermakna (p0,05) antara stadium kanker serviks dengan paritas, domisilikependudukan, dan status pekerjaan. Simpulan: Tingkat pendidikan rendah dan usia lanjut (>65 tahun) berasosiasi dengan stadium lanjut kanker serviks saat diagnosis.

Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) is major raw material to generate surfactant and there is only one plant in Indonesia producing CAPB. It is predicted the demand of CAPB in Indonesia reach 53,000 ton annually. Following this journal, a surfactant plant with zero CO2 emission is designed which located at Special Economic Region (KEK) Sei Mangkei, North Sumatra with 70,000 TPA capacity production. Based on the analysis of mass and heat balance need 14,500 TPA HPKO, 81,500 TPA CWS, 6,000 TPA LPS, 2,650 TPA MPS. According to equipment specification, 49,564.34 kJ/hr electricity is needed for this plant. Processing HPKO into CAPB has 2 main reactions, amidation and quaternization. Amidation is reaction to create intermediate product, amidoamine from reaction of HPKO with DMAPA using batch stirred reactor with 96% conversion at 3.5 barg and 140°C. Quaternization is reaction between amidoamine and sodium monochloroacetic acid (SMCA) using 2 series plug flow reactor to reach 96% conversion. The result of reaction is CAPB 30% which cooled first, then distribute to the consumers. Total Capital Investment required is $37,359,880.75 where consists of 3 years construction and 20 years production with IRR 39.64%, Pay Out Time 5.65 years, and WACC 13%.

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As it starts at the end of the year 2019, the Covid-19 pandemic has already disturbed the condition of human life, socio-culture, and economics globally. As the virus is spreading from human to human, the need for a respirator mask is critical. One very well-known respirator mask is N95. The huge demand and high price of the N95 respirator effect create a bogus mask. This study proposes using blockchain in a global implementation of supply chain management of N95 respirator supply chain activity. Blockchain systems may help to reduce people's worldwide anxiety about the spread of N95 respirator counterfeits. The method used in this research is a systematic literature review and proposing a blockchain framework base on blockchain components. The implementation can use RFID at the level of manufacturers, distributors, and sellers. Using QR code or RFID stickers are possible in the level of customers or buyers. The result of this research is a proposal of blockchain technology for N95 respirator supply chain management systems, N95 respirator supply chain activities workflow, and a use case diagram.