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Introduction: Myxoedema coma is a severe and rare manifestation of hypothyroidism that requires immediate and effective intervention. Traditional treatment involves the use of levothyroxine, a synthetic thyroid hormone. Liquid levothyroxine presents an alternative formulation that may offer advantages in the critical care setting, particularly when gastrointestinal absorption is impaired. Aim of the Study: This narrative review aims to evaluate the efficacy and application of liquid levothyroxine in the treatment of myxoedema coma, comparing it to other available forms and providing insights into its clinical use. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library. Studies, clinical trials, case reports, and reviews were included if they addressed the use of liquid levothyroxine in myxoedema coma. Data were extracted and analyzed to assess the pharmacokinetics, administration protocols, outcomes, and comparative efficacy of liquid levothyroxine. Results: The review identified several key studies and case reports indicating that liquid levothyroxine offers superior bioavailability and faster onset of action compared to oral tablets, particularly in patients with compromised gastrointestinal function. Case studies demonstrated improved clinical outcomes and recovery times with liquid levothyroxine, highlighting its potential benefits in the acute management of myxoedema coma. Conclusion: Liquid levothyroxine appears to be a promising alternative for the treatment of myxoedema coma, offering enhanced absorption and rapid therapeutic effects. While preliminary data are encouraging, further research and clinical trials are necessary to establish standardized treatment protocols and confirm its efficacy. Understanding the role of liquid levothyroxine in this critical condition can enhance treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes.

Introduction: Constipation is a widespread digestive issue characterized by infrequent bowel movements and difficulty in passing stools. While conventional treatments include dietary fiber, laxatives, and lifestyle changes, recent studies have suggested that kiwifruit may offer a natural and effective alternative. This narrative review evaluates the efficacy of kiwifruit in managing and alleviating symptoms of constipation. Aim of the study: The primary aim of this study is to synthesize existing research on the effectiveness of kiwifruit in treating constipation. By examining various clinical trials and observational studies, the review aims to elucidate the therapeutic benefits and mechanisms of action of kiwifruit in improving bowel function. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Data were extracted and analyzed regarding the frequency of bowel movements, stool consistency, and overall gastrointestinal health following kiwifruit consumption. Results: The review identified that regular consumption of kiwifruit significantly enhances bowel function in both constipated and non-constipated individuals. Clinical trials consistently report increased stool frequency, softer stool consistency, and reduced colonic transit time. The beneficial effects are attributed to the high fiber content of kiwifruit and the presence of the enzyme actinidin, which promotes digestion and bowel movements. Kiwifruit was found to be well-tolerated with minimal adverse effects. Conclusion:Kiwifruit appears to be a promising natural remedy for constipation, providing substantial improvements in bowel movement regularity and stool characteristics. Its high fiber content and unique enzymatic properties contribute to its effectiveness. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term benefits and potential applications of different varieties of kiwifruit in diverse patient populations.

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a fast-growing neurodegenerative condition caused by the deficiency of dopamine (Bloem et al., 2021). Main symptoms include tremor, bradykinesia, muscular rigidity and postural instability (Ye et al., 2023). Although PD treatment primarily involves pharmacotherapy, physical activity-based treatments such as tango dance can improve the quality of life of patients. Aim of the study: This narrative review aims to assess the impact of the therapeutic benefits of tango dance therapy for people with PD. Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed database up to 2024. The review included randomised controlled trials, case reports, and pilot studies focused on the impact of tango on PD. Results: Several studies have evaluated the impact of tango on patients with PD. Some of them found that tango improves dynamic balance and walking, reduces the risk of falling, improves body awareness, stability, and emotional well-being among patients with PD. Conclusions: The impact of tango on PD is not yet conclusively documented, and further research is needed.

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of death and long-term disability. The consequences following TBI can be persistent and cause life-long implications for survivors. Treatment of TBI may be complex and involve large monetary costs. The frequent injury mechanisms are traffic-related, falls, violence or sport-related accidents. Higher risk of brain injury and its complications indicate that people affected by brain trauma may benefit from the prophylactic and post-traumatic use of certain supplements both in the context of physical performance and in the event of potential injury. Aim of the Study: This narrative review examines the current literature of the role of supplementation before and after TBI and its effects on the patient's outcome. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar focusing on the literature published up to April 2024. The review included randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, systematic reviews that focused on the use of creatine monohydrate, omega-3 fatty acids, magnesium and zinc in TBI and among the general population. Data of pathophysiology and epidemiology of TBI and safety profile of supplements were involved. Results: The evidence indicates that the role of supplementation with creatine, omega-3 PUFAs and zinc is important in mitigating secondary damage after TBI, as well as in protecting against damage if administered before injury. Conclusion: Because of the complex and multifactorial nature of the TBI more studies are required to constitute an effective nutrition-based strategy for reducing the cognitive and behavioral deficits associated with this injury. The evidence supporting multiple dietary components to improve a patient's outcome seems strong and the cost of its implementation is low. A group of particular interest that may benefit additionally are athletes who use dietary supplementation in their daily routine.

Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and progressive joint destruction, significantly impacting quality of life. While conventional treatments focus on managing symptoms and slowing disease progression through pharmacological means, the potential role of complementary therapies like vitamin supplementation or increased physical activity has garnered increasing interest. Aim of the Study: This narrative review explores the existing literature on the efficacy and mechanisms of various vitamins in the management of RA. By synthesizing current research findings, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of how vitamin supplementation might influence RA outcomes, offering insights into potential integrative approaches to enhance patient care. Methods and Materials: A thorough search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar, focusing on literature published in the past five years. Vitamins with potential impacts on RA progression were identified and paired with the term "Rheumatoid Arthritis" to collect data on their influence on the disease's incidence and management, as well as the mechanisms involved. Additionally, references from selected articles were reviewed and included in the analysis. This method ensured a comprehensive evaluation of the current evidence regarding vitamin supplementation in RA treatment. Similarly, studies on the impact of physical activity on RA were also reviewed. Results: The influence of physical activity on serum inflammatory markers in RA patients was limited. Vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced disease activity, alleviated pain, and mitigated methotrexate-related side effects, especially in patients with baseline vitamin D deficiency or lower serum levels. In contrast, other vitamins have not exhibited the same positive effects. These findings underscore the need for continued research to optimize the role of various vitamins in managing RA effectively.

Introduction: The present study investigated the role of fasting and diet in the development and treatment of cancers, with a focus on non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Dietary components and regimens have an impact on the risk of development of malignances as well as on the treatment of the disease. Cancerous subtypes react differently to various dietary compounds and regimes. Although not widely used- fasting can be valuable help in cancer treatment. In this article we show how diet modifications and restrictions can affect existing therapies. Aim of the study: By analyzing current literature, the study aimed to understand how various dietary components and regimens influence cancer risk and treatment efficacy. Methods: Extensive research was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. References from selected articles were included in the analysis. Results: Consuming high amount of fruits and vegetables, unsaturated fats and supplementing vitamin D can reduce the risk of malignancies, with red meat, dairy products and saturated fats intake increasing it. Fasting affects lipid, glucose, protein and neuroendocrine metabolism in the way that helps the treatment of cancers. It slows down tumor growth, reduces some symptoms and improves the effects of chemotherapy. Exploring this topic further could propagate suitable diets for cancer subtypes as well as popularize fasting, which is not yet a widely known adition to standard anti-cancer treatments.