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This work is concerned with dynamical behavior of a second-order fuzzy discrete population model: x n = A x n − 1 1 + x n − 1 + B x n − 2 , n = 1 , 2 , … , {x}_{n}=\frac{A{x}_{n-1}}{1+{x}_{n-1}+B{x}_{n-2}},\hspace{1em}n=1,2,\ldots , where A , B A,B are positive fuzzy numbers. x n {x}_{n} is a positive fuzzy number and represents the population size at the observation instant n. According to a generalization of division ( g g -division) of fuzzy number, we study the dynamical behaviors including boundedness, global asymptotical stability, and persistence of positive fuzzy solution. Finally, two examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the results obtained.

In aged individuals, osteopenia is a great concern for achieving solid spinal fusion. Spinal malunion could lead to various implant-related complications and reduce postoperative quality of life. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of collagen-binding bone morphogenetic protein-2 (CBD-BMP-2) on the treatment of lumbar inter-transverse defects and to explore whether platelet-rich plasma could help CBD-BMP-2 to achieve a better outcome in terms of osteogenesis in senile rats with osteopenia. In vitro experiment proved the angiogenic function of platelet-rich plasma and osteogenic effect of CBD-BMP-2. Rats were performed posterolateral lumbar inter-transverse fusion. Rats implanted with CBD-BMP-2 + platelet-rich plasma were assigned to Group A ( n = 20), rats implanted with CBD-BMP-2 were assigned to Group B ( n = 20), and those with platelet-rich plasma were assigned to Group C ( n = 20). Four weeks after implantation, radiographic assessment, manual palpation, and histological evaluation were performed. In vivo experiments showed satisfactory therapeutic effect on lumbar inter-transverse fusion in both Groups A and B and better results of bone microarchitecture in Group A. Solid fusion rate was 77.8% in Group A, 66.7% in Group B, and 0% in Group C ( P

To investigate the effects of RNA-binding proteins cold-inducible RNA binding protein (CIRP) and human antigen R (HuR) on expression of Claudin1 and mucosal barrier function in ulcerative colitis (UC). The clinical specimens of UC patients and healthy volunteers were collected. In the clinical experiments, the expressions of CIRP, Claudin1, and HuR, along with their correlations in tissues of UC patients were analyzed by qRT-PCR, Western blot and Pearson correlation coefficient, respectively. The chi-square test was utilized to assess the relevance between CIRP/HuR/Claudin1 level and clinicopathological characteristics of UC patients. The in vitro and in vivo models of UC were established by lipopolysaccharide treatment or dextran sulfate sodium injection. For cell experiments, after loss- and gain-of-function, the roles of CIRP or HuR in the apoptosis and proliferation of enterocytes were examined by flow cytometry and CCK-8 assay. The intestinal epithelial barrier function was inspected after determination on transepithelial electrical resistance value, horseradish peroxidase permeability and expressions of tight junction proteins (Occludin, ZO-1, and JAM-1). The relationship between HuR, CIRP, and Claudin1 was performed by RNA immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. For in vivo experiments, the disease activity index score, weight loss and colon length of mice were assessed to observe the effect of CIRP or HuR on the UC mouse models. Histological analysis of colon tissues was conducted by H&E staining. FITC-dextran tracking was applied to inspect the intestinal mucosal barrier function of UC mouse models. In this study, high expression of CIRP and low expressions of HuR and Claudin1 were observed in patients, cells and mouse models of UC. The expressions of CIRP, HuR, and Claudin1 were correlated with the severity of patients with UC. There was a negative correlation between CIRP and Claudin1, and as a positive correlation between HuR and Claudin1. Claudin1 can be suppressed by CIRP, while enhanced by HuR. HuR and CIRP can competitively bind to Claudin1. HuR upregulation or CIRP downregulation promoted proliferation, suppressed apoptosis and ameliorated the damage of the barrier function in enterocytes. The in vivo experiments verified that the ameliorated damage of the intestinal mucosal barrier function in UC mice occurred with HuR overexpression or CIRP knockdown. CIRP and HuR confer pivotal effect on the intestinal mucosal barrier function of UC through competitively binding to Claudin1 mRNA.

This study aimed to investigate the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) taurine up-regulated 1 (TUG1) in the development of ulcerative colitis (UC) and to explore the underlying mechanisms. A murine model of UC was induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) exposure. The colonic epithelial YAMC cells were treated with TNF-α to simulate the inflammatory environment of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). RNA pull-down and RIP assays were performed to analyze the interaction between TUG1 and HuR. Luciferase activity assay was conducted to evaluate the interaction between TUG1 and miR-29b-3p. Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and western blot analysis of apoptosis-related proteins. TUG1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis in the TNF-α-stimulated YAMC cells. The mechanistic analysis showed that TUG1 positively regulated the HuR/c-myc axis via its interaction with HuR, leading to upregulation of c-myc expression; meanwhile, TUG1 negatively regulated the miR-29b-3p/CDK2 signaling via binding to miR-29b-3p, leading to derepression of CDK2 expression. Further animal experiments showed that TUG1 overexpression attenuated UC progression in the DSS-induced UC in mice. Collectively, TUG1 inhibits IEC apoptosis and UC progression by regulating the balance of HuR and miR-29b-3p.

Purpose The surgical or endoscopic resection is the current treatment modality for 2-5 cm gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). However, evidence is lacking as to which treatment modality is better. Our objective is to provide a new reference for the standardization of the treatment of 2-5 cm gastric GISTs. Patients and Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 177 patients who underwent resection for 2-5cm gastric GISTs between January 2007 and July 2019 at Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. The cases were divided into surgical group (n=118) and endoscopic group (n=59). The clinical data, pathological and genetic characteristics, short- and long-term outcomes were compared. Results Symptoms showed more obvious in the surgical group including abdominal pain and bleeding. In the endoscopic group, tumor size was smaller (p

This article mainly considers the impact of cost reduction on price matching strategy when a firm sells products in two periods. The cost reduction in the second period is due to technological advancement and production learning. The market is made up of myopic consumers and strategic consumers. The conclusions show that firm’s optimal profit will decrease with the increase of the fraction of strategic consumers. Besides, when the production learning effect dominates, the firm sells at a reduced price in two periods. When the technological advancement effect dominates, the firm maintains a uniform price for sale throughout the sales period. Finally, both the technological advancement and production learning effect can effectively reduce the loss of profits caused by strategic consumers, and the effect of the technological advancement is more significant.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is commonly known as one of the most prominent reasons for cancer-related death in China. Ras homolog enriched in brain (RHEB) and the mammalian target activity of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway were found correlated with CRC, but their specific interaction in CRC was still to be investigated. Therefore, we explored whether RHEB gene silencing affected the cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis by directly targeting the mTOR signaling pathway in cells previously harvested from CRC patients. A microarray analysis was subsequently conducted to investigate the relationship between RHEB and mTOR. Eighty-three adjacent normal tissues and CRC tissues were selected. Immunohistochemistry was carried out to detect the positive expression rates of RHEB and Ki-67 in the CRC tissues. Cells were then transfected with different siRNAs to investigate the potential effects RHEB would have on CRC progression. The expressions of RHEB, 4EBP1, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), B cell lymphoma 2 (bcl-2), and bcl-2-associated X protein (bax) were determined and then the cell cycle, cell proliferation, and apoptotic rate were also measured. We identified RHEB and mTOR as upregulated genes in CRC. Cells treated with RHEB silencing showed a decreased extent of mTOR, p70S6K, 4EBP1 phosphorylation and expression of RHEB, Ki-67, mTOR, p70S6K, 4EBP1, bcl-2, and PCNA as well as decreased activity of cell proliferation and differentiation; although, the expression of bax was evidently higher. Collectively, our data propose the idea that RHEB gene silencing might repress cell proliferation and differentiation while accelerating apoptosis via inactivating the mTOR signaling pathway.

Due to the advantages of narrow energy distribution of plasmonic hot-electrons in Ag and the high density of states in the TiO2 conduction band, an Ag/TiO2 composite is considered to be an ideal combination to construct a plasmonic hot-electron photodetector with high detectivity and a high response speed. In this work, we fabricate a porous Ag/TiO2-Schottky-diode based plasmonic hot-electron photodetector. This detector shows a high detectivity of 9.8 × 1010 cmHz1/2/W and a fast response speed, with a rise and fall time of 112 μs and 24 μs, respectively, under 450 nm light illumination at zero bias voltage. In addition, the height of the Ag/TiO2 Schottky barrier can be decreased by removing the chemisorbed oxygen from the surface of TiO2 with ultraviolet light illumination, and as a result, the responsivity of the Ag/TiO2 plasmonic hot-electron photodetector at 450 nm can increase from 3.4 mA/W to 7.4 mA/W.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a form of cancer developing from either the colon or rectum. Nowadays, research supports the functionality of exosome expressing microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential biomarker for various cancers including CRC. This study was performed with the intent of investigating the roles of both bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and exosomal miR-16-5p in CRC by regulating integrin α2 (ITGA2). A microarray-based analysis was conducted to screen the CRC-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) as well as potential regulatory miRNAs. Next, the role of miR-16-5p in terms of its progression in association with CRC was determined. Subsequently, CRC cells were exposed to exosomes secreted by BMSCs transfected with miR-16-5p, isolated and cocultured with CRC cells in an attempt to identify the role of exosomes. Effects of BMSCs-derived exosomes overexpressing miR-16-5p on biological functions of CRC cells and tumorigenicity were all subsequently detected. Effects of miR-16-5p treated with CRC cells in regard to CRC in vivo were also measured. ITGA2 was overexpressed, while miR-16-5p was poorly expressed in CRC cells and miR-16-5p targeted ITGA2. The in vitro experiments revealed that the BMSCs-derived exosomes overexpressing miR-16-5p inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, while simultaneously stimulating the apoptosis of the CRC cells via downregulation of ITGA2. Furthermore, the results of in vivo experiments confirmed that the BMSCs-derived exosomes overexpressing miR-16-5p repressed the tumor growth of CRC. Collectively, BMSCs-derived exosomes overexpressing miR-16-5p restricted the progression of CRC by downregulating ITGA2.

Objective Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic colitis with unknown etiology. Circular RNA (circRNA) has shown regulatory effect in many diseases, but the role of circRNA in UC is barely known. This study uncovers the function and regulatory mechanism of circRNA HECTD1 (circHECTD1) in UC. Methods Colonic mucosal tissues of 60 patients with active UC and 30 healthy controls were collected for H&E staining. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) were used to induce inflammation and UC in Caco-2 cells and C57BL/6 mice where modification of circHECTD1, miR-182–5p and/or human antigen R (HuR) took place. The Caco-2 cells and the colon tissues of DSS-treated mice were collected for analysis of the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, NLRP3 inflammasome, and autophagy-related proteins. The interactions among circHECTD1, miR-182–5p, and HuR were verified. Results The colonic mucosal tissues of UC patients showed impaired autophagy and decreased expressions of circHECTD1 and HuR. Overexpression of circHECTD1 or HuR or inhibition of miR-182–5p suppressed inflammation and promoted autophagy of LPS-induced Caco-2 cells. The expression of HuR was promoted by circHECTD1 via miR-182–5p in Caco-2 cells. Overexpression of circHECTD1 reduced colonic injuries and inflammation by promoting autophagy in DSS-treated mice. Conclusion Overexpression of circHECTD1 alleviates UC by promoting HuR-dependent autophagy via miR-182–5p. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of circHECTD1 for UC and adds to the knowledge of circRNA in the pathogenesis of UC.

Intestinal flora is considered closely related to the occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to discover whether diverse diet conditions during early life lead to different intestinal flora structure and impact different susceptibility to IBD.We performed a randomized, controlled trial to investigate the relationship between maternal diet, intestinal flora, and susceptibility of IBD in offspring mice. We treated the maternal mice with different dietary conditions (maternal high fat, high protein, or normal diet, and offspring continued maternal diets or changed to normal diet), and then extracted bacterial meta-genomic DNA from the intestinal mucosa of the offspring during the early life and adult stages. We amplified and sequenced the conserved gene v3-v4 of the bacterial 16 S ribosomal RNA. After dextran sulphate sodium intervention, we evaluated the susceptibility to intestinal inflammation with hematoxylin and eosin stains and disease activity index scores.The number of species and alpha diversity of weaning mice (3 wk old) fed a maternal high-protein diet were significantly lower than those of the control diet group (P0.05). Among adult (8 wk old) offspring rats, the alpha diversity of mice that continued on a high-protein diet remained significantly decreased (P0.05). In addition, 12 kinds of weak bacteria were found in weaning mice fed a maternal high-protein diet compared with the control group. Offspring that continued in the maternal high-protein group had increased disease activity index and pathologic scores after weaning.In general, our study shows that a maternal high-protein diet during early life can negatively regulate the intestinal flora diversity of offspring mice. A high-protein diet during early life led to higher susceptibility of IBD in offspring rats.

This research focused on novel molecular mechanisms underlying microRNA (miR)-182-5p in ulcerative colitis (UC). Colon tissues were obtained from UC patients, and dextrose sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced mouse and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced Caco-2 cell models were generated. Then, miR-182-5p, SMARCA5, and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were altered in IL-1β-stimulated Caco-2 cells and DSS-treated mice to assess their function. MiR-182-5p and SMARCA5 were upregulated and DNMT3A, β-catenin, and Cyclin D1 were downregulated in UC patients, IL-1β-stimulated Caco-2 cells, and DSS-treated mice. Mechanistically, miR-182-5p targeted DNMT3A to upregulate SMARCA5, thus blocking the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, SMARCA5 silencing or Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation repressed apoptosis and augmented proliferation and epithelial barrier function of IL-1β-stimulated Caco-2 cells. SMARCA5 silencing annulled the impacts of miR-182-5p overexpression on IL-1β-stimulated Caco-2 cells. SMARCA5 silencing or miR-182-5p inhibition ameliorated intestinal barrier dysfunction in DSS-treated mice. Collectively, miR-182-5p aggravates UC by inactivating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway through DNMT3A-mediated SMARCA5 methylation.

Ulcerative colitis (UC), with high morbidity has become one of the fastest-growing severe illnesses in the world. Although MiR-29a is highly expressed in the tissues of UC patients, the mechanism of miR-29a involved in the specific pathogenesis of UC is not known. In this study, a GFP-light chain 3 (LC3) immunofluorescence assay was used to observe the formation of the autophagic spot; qRT-PCR and western blotting analyses were carried out to detect the expression of autophagy-related proteins, including BECN1, Autophagy-related gene (ATG)5, ATG16L, and transcription factor EB. The dual-fluorescence reporter assay was used to analyze the direct effect of miR-29a on ATG9A; experimental dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice was used to establish the UC model. Our studies showed that the overexpression of miR-29a not only suppressed the production of GFP-LC3 autophagy spots but also inhibited the level of LC3II/LC3I and upregulated the expression of P62 in HT29 and HCT116 cells. Moreover, the results showed that miR-29a directly targeted the 3'UTR region of ATG9A mRNA to suppress the activation of HT29 and HCT116 cells' autophagy. Also, overexpression of ATG9A rescued rapamycin-induced autophagy that was inhibited by overexpression of miR-29a. In addition, miR-29a also affected the expression of autophagy-related proteins (BECN1, ATG5, ATG16L1, and transcription factor EB). Notably, miR-29a was upregulated, whereas ATG9A was downregulated in the experimental dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice. In effect, this study showed that miR-29a inhibits rapamycin-induced intestinal epithelial cells' autophagy partly by decreasing ATG9A in UC. These findings may provide new insights that may help control the inflammation in UC.

It is of crucial significance to study a class of complex dynamic planar and spatial systems with disparate coefficients by taking advantage of thoughts of Julia set. In this paper, we present theoretical control methods for the stable domain and Julia sets of systems. Then, we utilize symmetry to exhibit the forms of compositional Julia sets of complex dynamic planar systems. Furthermore, by selecting different coefficients, the location, size, area and shape of Julia set can be controlled, the spatial Julia sets also have certain characteristics, this supplies a possible reference for how to control the stable domain of specific complex dynamic systems. The simulation results are in good agreement with the effectiveness of the methods.

Novel ionic-liquid-functionalized Fe3 O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by the thiol-ene click reaction. The prepared functionalized Fe3 O4 nanoparticles possessed multiple interactions, such as electrostatic, hydrophobic, and π-π interactions. The functionalized Fe3 O4 nanoparticles were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry, and transmission electron microscopy. Four kinds of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, namely, sodium decylbenzenesulfonate, sodium undecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and sodium tridecylbenzenesulfonate, were selected as model compounds to evaluate the applicability of adsorbents for extraction and subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. In addition, the effects of various parameters, such as sorbent amount, pH value, ionic strength, sample volume, extraction time, and elution conditions on extraction efficiency were studied in detail. Under the optimum conditions, good linearities were attained, with correlation coefficients between 0.9912 and 0.9968. The proposed method exhibited limits of detection ranging from 0.061 to 0.099 μg/L for all the target analytes. The spiked recoveries of the target analytes in real water samples ranged from 86.3 to 107.5%, with relative standard deviations lower than 7.96%. The enrichment factors of the analytes ranged from 364 to 391, indicating that the obtained functionalized Fe3 O4 nanoparticles can effectively extract trace target analytes from environmental water samples.

The paper studies the posedness of the convection diffusion equation $$\begin{aligned} u_{t}=\text {div}\left( \left| \nabla u^{m}\right| ^{p-2}\nabla u^{m}\right) +\sum _{i=1}^{N}\frac{\partial b_{i}\left( u^{m}\right) }{\partial x_{i}}-u^{mr}. \end{aligned}$$ with homogeneous boundary condition and with the initial value $$u_0(x)\in L^{q-1+\frac{1}{m}}(\Omega )$$ . By considering its regularized problem, using Moser iteration technique, the local bounded properties of the $$L^{\infty }$$ -norm of $$u_{k}$$ and that of the $$L^{p}$$ -norm of the gradient $$\nabla u_{k}$$ are got, where $$u_{k}$$ is the solution of the regularized problem of the equation. By the compactness theorem, the existence of the solution of the equation itself is obtained. By using some techniques in Zhao and Yuan (Chin Ann Math A 16(2):179–194, 1995), the stability of the solutions is obtained too.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an attractive therapeutic modality with high therapeutic efficacy and less side effects compared with other therapies. Herein, we developed a series of cyclometalated IrIII complexes based on 2,2′-biimidazole with different alkyl substitutions (methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl). These complexes can efficiently produce singlet oxygen upon light irradiation. In vitro photocytotoxicity towards four cell lines (HeLa, A549, A549R, and LO2) was examined. Ir1–Ir5 show quick penetration of cells, remarkable mitochondrial accumulation, strong phototoxicity, and they exhibit high selectivity between tumor cells and normal cells. With the highest 1O2 quantum yields, Ir5 presents the best PDT efficiency with a high phototoxicity index (PI) value (PI = 150) towards HeLa cells. This work provides a valuable avenue to improve the PDT effect by tuning the lipophilicity and other properties with variation of the alkyl substitution on the photosensitizer. In addition, their satisfying PDT effect to a cisplatin-resistant cell line (A549R) may contribute to the future development of improved chemotherapeutics.

By integrating targeting, imaging and treatment, organelle-targeted photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been reported to be an effective strategy for cancer therapy. However, targeting leads to the accumulation of photosensitizers (PSs) in the targeted organelles, which leads to a reduction in 1O2 generation and fluorescence quenching, especially for the lipophilic mitochondria-targeted PSs. Moreover, because PSs always need exposure to light for a specific period, photobleaching is difficult to avoid. To address these issues, two iridium(iii) complexes with aggregation-induced two-photon emission (AITPE) characteristics were developed. With lipophilicity, the complexes aggregated in water and targeted mitochondria. Owing to their impressive 1O2 production quantum yields and excellent two-photon properties in the aggregate states, the complexes were successfully used for mitochondria-targeted two-photon PDT in monolayer cells and multicellular spheroids. Our results highlighted that the use of a PS with aggregation enhanced 1O2 generation and fluorescence is an effective solution for aggregation in organelle-targeted PDT.

Plasmonic Ag nanowire homotrimer with asymmetrical radii and separations, which exhibits characteristics of multiple plamonic resonances and different electric field distributions, is systematically investigated by means of 2D finite element method. It was found that the dark and bright modes appear in asymmetrical nanowire homotrimer. In addition, when the dark modes appear between the smaller radii of the nanowires, the cascade effect results in enhanced electric field between the smaller radii nanowires. As a result of the appearance of the bright modes between the smaller radii of the nanowires, the restriction of the cascade effect generates enhanced electric field between the bigger nanowires.

In this paper, the large-time behavior of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the 3D compressible MHD equations is considered with the effect of external force. We construct the global unique solution with the small initial data near the stationary profile. The optimal Lp-L2(1≤p≤2) time decay rates of the solution to the system are built in multifrequency decompositions.

It is of crucial significance to study infectious disease phenomenon by using the discrete SIRS model with the Caputo deltas sense and fractal viewpoint. In this paper, Julia set of the discrete fractional SIRS model is established to analyze the fractal dynamics of this model. Then three different controllers, which are, respectively, added to different parts of the model as a whole, a part, and a product factor, are designed to change the Julia set, and the graphs illustrate the complexity of the model. Simulation results show the efficacy of these methods.

To explore the differences in biological characteristics for the small gastrointestinal stromal tumors and the incidence of complications and recurrence between the traditional surgical treatment and endoscopic treatment. Methods: We collected the relevant clinical and pathological data from patients who were diagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumors with the diameter less than 2 cm by the Department of Pathology of Xiangya Hospital from January 2009 to December 2015. The complications and recurrence after the surgical treatment were analyzed. Results: In patients with small gastrointestinal stromal tumors, the proportion of female was higher than that of male (male:female=1:1.69). The median age for patient with this disease was 49 years old and it was more common in middle-aged and elderly. Most lesions were found in the stomach, followed by the esophagus and the small intestine. The small gastrointestinal stromal tumors occurred in the colon and rectum were rare. There was 60.3% (47/78) patients with abdominal pain, 7.7% (6/78) patients with hematochezia or melena, and 98.7% (78/79) with small gastrointestinal stromal tumors' mitotic count ≤5/50 HPF. The positive rates for CD, CD34, DOG-1, actin-smooth, and S-100 were 98.7%, 86.1%, 82.3%, 31.6%, and 24.1%, respectively. Three patients occurred surgical complications, 2 suffered recurrence during the follow-up. There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications and recurrence between the traditional surgical treatment and endoscopic treatment (P0.05). Conclusion: Small gastrointestinal stromal tumors' malignant potential is low, and the recurrence and metastasis rate is low. Its biological behavior tends to be benign. The traditional surgical treatment and endoscopic treatment are both safe and effective for small gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Endoscopic treatment has the advantages in lower cost, shorter hospitalization time, and small trauma. Therefore, endoscopic treatment could be the first choice for small GIST resection under the condition of mature endoscopic technology.目的：探讨小胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumor，GIST)的生物学特性及不同手术方式下的复发率及并发症发生率，以协助其手术方式的选择。方法：回顾性分析中南大学湘雅医院2009年1月到2015年12月经病理科确诊为GIST且肿瘤直径2 cm的78例原发性局限性GIST患者(共79处病灶)的临床及病理资料，并分析小GIST手术治疗的并发症发生情况及术后复发情况。结果：小GIST患者中男:女=1:1.69，初诊的中位年龄为49岁，中老年多见。病灶最多见于胃，其次是食管、小肠，结直肠最少。60.3%(47/78)患者出现腹痛腹胀，7.7%(6/78)有黑便或便血症状。98.7%(78/79)小GIST核分裂象≤5/50 HPF。免疫组织化学示CD117阳性率98.7%，CD34阳性率86.1%， DOG-1阳性率82.3%，actin-平阳性率31.6%，S-100阳性率24.1%。手术切除后共3例患者出现并发症，其中1例为内镜治疗患者，2例为传统手术治疗患者；随访过程中共2例复发，均为传统手术切除患者。传统手术治疗与内镜治疗的术后并发症发生率及复发率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论：小GIST恶性潜能低，复发转移率低，生物学行为偏良性。传统手术治疗与内镜治疗均安全有效，但内镜治疗相对有费用较低、住院时间较短及创伤较小等优点，因此在内镜操作技术较为成熟的地方，内镜治疗不失为小GIST根治性切除的首选方法。.

As a kind of high efficiency, no pollution and with extremely strong industrial power to related industries, people pay more attention to the exhibition industry now. At present, exhibition industry of China is in a high-speed developmental period, and the International Convention and Exhibition Center is transferring to Chinese. As an economic strong province in China, Guangdong has ushered in a golden opportunity on exhibition industry, but it also faces great challenges. This mainly refers to the low level of informationization, specialization, marketization, the awful service quality, the lack of talents etc. This paper compares the exhibition’s situation of Guangdong province to that of other provinces, in order to find out the problem, and promote faster and better development of the exhibition industry in Guangdong.