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Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is a common type of irritant contact dermatitis, and accurate assessment and diagnosis are important for early prevention and treatment. Based on the reviewing the relevant studies, this paper summarized the research progress of assessment tool and prevention of incontinence-associated dermatitis, in order to provide reference for clinical nurse to improve the accuracy in diagnosis and early intervention on IAD. (失禁相关性皮炎(IAD)是一种皮肤炎症, 正确的评估和诊断对早期防治非常重要。本文通过检索查阅文献, 收集、整理、分析了近年来与IAD相关的评估工具和预防措施, 以期为临床护理人员提高失禁相关性皮炎评估准确性和早期干预提供参考依据。)

The electronic states of fullerene structures are modulated by external environments, such as magnetic fields, electric fields, and stress, which exhibit unique physical properties. Compression, i.e., the application of compressive stress to fullerene structures, plays an important role in modulating the optoelectronic properties of fullerene materials. Herein, we comprehensively investigate the stability, band structures, Bloch wave functions, and optical responses of two-dimensional quasi-tetragonal phase C60 (qTP C60) and quasi-hexagonal phase C60 (qHP C60) under external stress. The findings reveal that qTP C60 and qHP C60 can be stabilized within a certain range based on the regulation of external stress. This kind of stress can considerably alter the band structures of qTP C60 and qHP C60, thereby changing the positions of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals. The analysis of Bloch wave functions can help visualize the electronic density distribution of qTP C60 and qHP C60 structures, indicating a considerable influence of stress on the electronic state distribution of the system. This influence results in changes in the band structure, thus affecting the electronic distribution state and optical response. Furthermore, qTP C60 and qHP C60 exhibit surface plasmon effects within a specific wavelength range, suggesting their potential applications in optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An external electric field can change the electronic and band structures of 2D nanomaterials, thereby regulating their physical properties and nanodevice functions. In this study, the anisotropy of the nanomaterials quasi-tetragonal phase C60 (qTP C60) and quasi-hexagonal phase C60 (qHP C60) under an applied electric field was theoretically evaluated. We investigated the physical mechanisms underlying the changes in the band structure, optical response, Bloch wave function, and electronic structure of the 2D qTP C60 and qHP C60 systems under an applied electric field. Our findings reveal that an external electric field can considerably shift the valence and conduction band positions within the band structure. Notably, qTP C60 and qHP C60 display remarkable stability and can only transition from a semiconducting state to a conducting state under specific external electric-field intensities. Visualization of the electron density distribution via Bloch wave function analysis of the qTP C60 and qHP C60 structures showed dominant influence of the external electric field on the structures and configurations of these systems. Because of such perturbations, the energy band structure changes, affecting the electron distribution and optical response. Additionally, qTP C60 and qHP C60 exhibit a surface plasmon effect within a specific wavelength range and can thus be used in photoelectric amplification nanodevices. Overall, our calculations provide a theoretical foundation for the application of qTP C60 and qHP C60 in the field of photoelectricity and promote the development and application of fullerene-based materials in the fields of energy storage, optoelectronics, and quantum nanodevices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discrimination and detection of phosphate anions have attracted extensive attention due to their important roles in various biological processes. Compared with sensors to detect one individual phosphate at a time, sensor arrays are able to discriminate multiple phosphates simultaneously. In this study, we developed a rare earth ions enhanced AuNCs‐based sensor array to achieve facile and rapid identification of phosphate anions (PPi, ADP and ATP). The rare earth ions (i. e. Ce3+, Gd3+, Tm3+ and Yb3+) can significantly enhance the fluorescence of AuNCs through aggregation‐induced emission effect. And the subsequent addition of phosphate anions can recover the fluorescence of the AuNCs‐rare earth ions assembly. Thanks to the different numbers of phosphate group and different steric hindrance effects of phosphate anions, the recovery fluorescence of AuNCs‐rare earth ions assembly induced by PPi, ADP or ATP are respectively distinct. Thus the sensor array composed of AuNCs and different rare earth ions is able to distinguish those phosphate anions. Finally, the sensor array was successfully demonstrated to identify the phosphates in blind samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The defects have a remarkable influence on the electronic structures and the electric transport behaviors of the matter, providing the additional means to engineering their physical properties. In this work, a comprehensive study on the effect of Br‐vacancies on the electronic structures and transport behaviors in the high‐order topological insulator Bi4Br4 is performed by the combined techniques of the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), and physical properties measurement system along with the first‐principle calculations. The STM results show the defects on the cleaved surface of a single crystal and reveal that the defects are correlated to the Br‐vacancies with the support of the simulated STM images. The role of the Br‐vacancies in the modulation of the band structures has been identified by ARPES spectra and the calculated energy‐momentum dispersion. The relationship between the Br‐vacancies and the semiconducting‐like transport behaviors at low temperature has been established, implying a Mott variable ranging hopping conduction in Bi4Br4. The work not only resolves the unclear transport behaviors in this matter, but also paves a way to modulate the electric conduction path by the defects engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Treatment of patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (r/r BCP-ALL) remains a significant clinical challenge. Many new strategies are changing the treatment landscape of r/r BCP-ALL in recent years. Blinatumomab has improved outcomes in r/r BCP-ALL, though high treatment costs and extended hospital stays are significant concerns. We considered that shortening the duration of blinatumomab administration during induction therapy might solve these problems., Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 19 patients with r/r BCP-ALL treated with different duration of blinatumomab, where 10 patients received blinatumomab for 14 days (Bli 14 D group) and 9 received it for a longer duration (LT group, 21-28 days)., Results: The overall response rate (ORR) was 63.2% (12/19) of patients in total, and the ORR rates in 14 D and LT groups were almost the same (60% and 66.6%, respectively). The median overall survival (OS) was not reached in either groups. The median event-free survival (EFS) time was 4.1 months in LT group and not reached in D14 group. The most common adverse events were consistent with previous reports, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurologic toxicity, and hematological toxicity., Conclusion: A 14-day blinatumomab administration may be a promising and well-tolerated regimen in r/r BCP-ALL, offering the same ORR and survival rates., (S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI 3 ) perovskite has lately surfaced as the preferred contender for highly proficient and robust perovskite solar cells (PSCs), owing to its favorable bandgap and superior thermal stability. Nevertheless, volatilization and migration of iodide ions (I - ) result in non-radiating recombination centers, and the presence of large formamidine (FA) cations tends to cause lattice strain, thereby reducing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of PSCs. To solve these problems, the lead formate (PbFa) is added into the perovskite solution, which effectively mitigates the halogen vacancy and provides tensile strain outside the perovskite lattice, thereby enhancing its properties. The strong coordination between the C═O of HCOO - and Pb-I backbones effectively immobilizes anions, significantly increases the energy barrier for anion vacancy formation and migration, and reduces the risk of lead ion (Pb 2+ ) leakage, thereby improving the operation and environmental safety of the device. Consequently, the champion PCE of devices with Ag electrodes can be increased from 22.15% to 24.32%. The unencapsulated PSCs can still maintain 90% of the original PCE even be stored in an N 2 atmosphere for 1440 h. Moreover, the target devices have significantly improved performance in terms of light exposure, heat, or humidity., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a deadly disease and the most common leukemia in adult with clonal heterogeneity and abnormity in myeloid lineages, which has been recognized with high morbidity and mortality attributes to the recurrence and resistance to chemotherapy. Numerous literatures have indicated the encouraging progress in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) and chimeric antigen receptor-transduced T (CAR-T) cells. However, the outcomes of recurrent and refractory AML (r/rAML) patients with current strategies are still unsatisfactory, which largely due to the matching restriction as well as adverse reactions, including graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), neurotoxicity and cytokine release syndrome (CRS). State-of-the-art literatures have indicated CAR-transduced NK (CAR-NK) cells for the management of diverse hematologic malignancies including AML, which are recognized as novel weapons for reinforcing the specificity and cytotoxicity of autogenous and allogeneic "off-the-shelf" NK cells dispense with prior sensitization. Therefore, in this review, we mainly focus on the latest updates of alternative cell sources, therapeutic targets, CAR-modification and delivery strategies, standardization and productization, together with prospective and challenges of CAR-NK cell-based cytotherapy, which will collectively benefit the further development of novel treatment paradigms for combating AML via both CAR-dependent and NK cell receptor-dependent signaling cascades in future., Competing Interests: None., (AJCR Copyright © 2023.)

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes and play a pivotal role in innate and adaptive immune responses against infections and malignancies. Longitudinal studies have indicated the feasibility of perinatal blood for large-scale NK cell generation, yet the systematic and detailed comparations of the signatures of resident and expanded NK cells (rNKs, eNKs) are largely obscure. Herein, we harvested rNKs from umbilical cord blood (rUC-NKs) and placental blood (rP-NKs) as well as the corresponding eNKs (eUC-NKs, eP-NKs). Furthermore, the biological properties and transcriptomic signatures including cellular subpopulations, cytotoxicity, gene expression profiling, genetic characteristics, signaling pathways and gene set-related biological process were investigated. The enriched rNKs and eNKs exhibited diversity in biomarker expression pattern, and eNKs with higher percentages of NKG2D + , NKG2A + , NKp44 + and NKp46 + subsets. rNKs or eNKs with different origins showed more similarities in transcriptomic signatures than those with the same origin. Our data revealed multifaceted similarities and differences of the indicated rNKs and pNKs both at the cellular and molecular levels. Our findings provide new references for further dissecting the efficacy and molecular mechanisms of rNKs and eNKs, which will collectively benefit the fundamental and translational studies of NK cell-based immunotherapy., Competing Interests: None., (AJCR Copyright © 2022.)