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Objectives: To analyze impact of alternative routes and timing of dopamine and mannitol administrations to reduce negative properties of extended cardiopulmonary bypass on renal function in coronary artery operations. Methods: Set I (n: 26 individual): Mannitol (1 g/kg) has been introduced to the CPB priming solution. Set II (n: 25 patients): Even during interval among anesthetic induction and operation, 3 g/kg/min of IV dopamine was delivered. Group III (n = 25 patients): 2 g/kg/min IV dopamine was provided among anesthesia initiation and operation conclusion, and 1 g/kg mannitol were added to priming solution for CPB. Furosemide was administered to Group IV (n = 26 cases) when urine production was poor. Results: There would be a substantial rise in the post-operative urine microalbumin/creatinine ratios over all classes (p 0.06), as well as a rise in cystatin-c in Set 1, 2, and 3 (p 0.02). Conclusions: Researchers suggest that combining dopamine infusion (1 g/kg/min) and mannitol (2 g/kg) throughout CPB seems to be the more actual method for preventing detrimental possessions of CPB on renal functioning.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in significant death and morbidity rates around the globe. SARS-CoV-2 infection has been linked to 43.3 million confirmed cases worldwide, killing 1.15 million people. Physical separation, quarantine, and isolation were successful in minimizing the number of individuals who became sick during the epidemic, but the lack of immunity in the community makes them vulnerable to further waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Elderly persons (those 60 and older) and those with pre-existing medical problems are particularly vulnerable. Material and Methods: In this observation study, people who were vaccinated with sinopharm vaccine and sinovac vaccine were included to see the response of vaccine in the body. The aim of the study was to compare the rise in the antibody level after 2 doses of two different COVID-19 vaccines i.e sinopharm and sinovac. Initially, in this pilot study, 40 people were included randomly from our health care team, after proper informed consent regarding the study. Results: Among total 40 people were involved, male were 21 of 40 (52.5%) and female were 19 of 40 (47.5%). Most of the individuals were doctors (26 of 40, 65%). Mean age, weight, height and body mass index (BMI) are also shown below. Conclusion: This study was to report the response of people of Pakistan toward sinopharm and sinoVac vaccines in terms of COVID antibody level. Response of the body was around 40 to 50% for sinopharm and 50 to 70 percent towards CoronaVac vaccine. Further data collection is being done to improve sample size and better outcome.