Search

Yunpeng Cui,1,* Yuanxing Pan,1,* Mingxing Lei,2 Chuan Mi,1 Bing Wang,1 Xuedong Shi1 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xuedong ShiDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, The Peking University First Hospital No. 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District Beijing 100032 People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-010-83572211Email 172998774@qq.comPurpose: This study aims to develop an algorithm to predict cement injection volumes in patients with spine metastases treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP). Risk factors were also analyzed for intra-spinal canal cement leakages.Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis of 584 vertebrae in 251 patients. Patients and vertebrae were divided into three groups based on grades of tumor invasion to the spinal cord. Patients with the complete posterior wall of vertebrae were classified into group A, patients without the complete posterior wall of vertebrae but with normal Dural sac were classified into group B, and patients with deformation of the Dural sac but without neurological symptom were classified into group C. We systematically reviewed demographic data, clinical parameters, radiology features, and cement leakages among the three groups. The multiple linear regressions were used to screen potential risk factors and develop the algorithm to predict injected cement volumes in vertebrae. Significant factors were included in the algorithm. Potential risk factors for intra-spinal canal cement leakage were analyzed using the multiple logistic regressions.Results: In the study, 17.1% (100/584) of vertebrae occurred cement leakages. Vertebrae in group C (28.6%, 8/28) had the highest cement leakage rate than patients in group A (14.4%, 61/424) and B (23.5%, 31/132) (P=0.014). Vertebrae in group C (14.3%, 4/28) were also more prone to intra-spinal canal leakages (P=0.003). The multiple logistic analysis showed that the Bilsky scale was significantly associated with intra-spinal canal cement leakages (P< 0.001). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that intercept (P< 0.001), treated vertebrae level (P< 0.001), cortical osteolytic destruction in posterior wall (P< 0.001), and Bilsky scale (P=0.014) were significant and those variables were included in the algorithm. The algorithm was Y=3.1627－0.8677×treated vertebrae level－0.6182×cortical osteolytic destruction in the posterior wall－0.2819×Bilsky scale.Conclusion: An algorithm is proposed and can be used to calculate cement injection volumes in spine metastases treated with PVP. This algorithm can facilitate surgical planning and guide cement injections. Bilsky scale is an independent risk factor for intra-spinal canal cement leakages. We do not recommend PVP treated in patients with a Bilsky scale of 2 and 3 mainly due to a high rate of intra-spinal canal cement leakages.Keywords: spinal metastases, percutaneous vertebroplasty, algorithm, intra-spinal canal leakages, risk factors

'Meili' (Vitis vinifera L.) is a new wine grape cultivar from China. Volatile profiles of red and sparkling wines made from 'Meili' grapes were analysed using stir bar sorptive extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in this study. Fiftyfive volatile compounds were quantified in both wines, and quantitative differences for most of the volatile compounds between 'Meili' wines were observed. 'Meili' sparkling wine had a greater content of esters, fatty acids and shikimic acid derivatives than 'Meili' red wine, although 'Meili' red wine had higher concentrations of alcohols, terpenoids and C13-norisoprenoids. On the basis of odour activity values, ethyl acetate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, ethyl 3-methylbutanoate, octanoic acid, isoamyl alcohol, 2-phenyl ethanol, linalool, β-damascenone and β-ionone were considered as important aroma compounds in 'Meili' wines. For these compounds, 'Meili' sparkling wine had higher content of ethyl acetate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate and isoamyl acetate than 'Meili' red wine, while 'Meili' red wine had higher levels of isoamyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, linalool, β-damascenone and β-ionone. The concentration differences of aroma compounds due to the differential vinification procedures suggested the differences in sensory characteristics of the two types of wines. In particular, 'Meili' red wine had more rose aroma than 'Meili' sparkling wine., VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 52 No. 1 (2013): Vitis

This paper focuses on analyzing the outstanding problems and contradictions between benefit main bodies of Chinese modern agriculture from the angle of new four modernizations synchronization strategy based on the field investigation data, including agricultural enterprises and farmers, agricultural enterprises and government, research institutions, the farmers and research institutions of scientific. In addition, the role positioning of each stakeholder and modern agriculture construction of benefit mechanism was overall planned from the strategic height of the new agricultural modernization development.

No matter at what stage in product design or product quality improvement, the technical requirements (PTRs), or engineering characteristics impacting on product performance are mainly identified and improved to optimize customer needs (CNs) as greatly as possible. Quality function deployment is utilized as a powerful tool for improving product design level and enhancing product design quality. In this study, an integrated framework based on grey relational analysis (GRA) method and analytic network process (ANP) approach is proposed to determine the importance degrees of PTRs in designing a product. An application in a Turkish Company producing PVC window and door systems mentioned in a previous study is presented to illustrate the proposed framework.

The constraint conditions of some linear programming are presented with grey system, linear regression and qualitative analysis. Therefore, the linear programming model to adjust the internal structure of the first industry in China is developed. And its responding adjusting plans on the internal structure of the first industry in the period of ldquoeleven-fiverdquo is advised. Lastly, the keys and the strategies of adjusting the internal structure of agriculture are analyzed.

Based on the present theories of buffer operators, and the concept of back cumulative-sum, this paper proposed kinds of new buffer operators, studied their characters. When L is 1, they are Dang's strengthening buffer operators. In the end, studied the relationships of the data hand on by these two kinds of operators.

By analyzing Grey decision, we think it will come down to benefits and effects of all parts during the decision. So, only if these benefits and effects are fully considered, the result of decision is scientific and rational. For multi-hierarchy decisions, the decision-makers must be endowed to different weight because of the different actions of them. In this paper, the authors deal with the A middot B-hierarchy decision. First we define the A middot B-hierarchy decision order sequences and A middot B-hierarchy decision order matrix, then compute the weighed grey incidence degree between neighbouring hierarchies of decision sequences. Furthermore, we made the integrated decision model of grey weighed hierarchy owning to the maximum principle, and develop the schemes to find the satisfied grey classes and satisfied items. Last, we illustrate the model.

Bank is an important part of financial system, which plays an important role in changing save to investment and in payment. So every country takes great supervision and regulation on bank both in developed country and developing country. There are two kinds of regulation ways: on-site regulation and off-site regulation. On-site regulation is a method that needs regulators go to the bank spot themselves. It is indispensably, but it is a way wasting cost and time. While off-site regulation use the data submitted to the regulator by bank for checking bank's risk. As the development of computer and network, off-site regulation is becoming a useful way for regulation. Compared with on-site regulation, off-site regulation is a continuous and forward regulation method. How to identifying the bad bank which has more risk from good bank and risk early-warning is the work of off-site regulation. Clustering is a way of recognition bad bank. SOM (self-organizing feature map) is a useful tool for clustering. It is used widely in many fields for clustering objects into some class, such as management, finance, and etc. In real regulating process, some data may be a fuzz number or a grey number. For example, if the regulator wants to know the capital adequacy ratio of a bank between January and June, the ratio may be change from 7.5 to 8.2. Considered elements of input node and weight vector of SOM are interval grey numbers in SOM, in this paper, normalized these intervals grey numbers, defined the interval grey number Euclidean distance, and proposed GSOM (grey SOM) model which can solve uncertain problems efficiently. In the end, we studied intelligent clustering of commercial bank off-site regulation empirically using this model. The result showed that: compared with traditional SOM model, GSOM is easy for programming, has a strengthened ability of anti-interference and a higher precision of classification