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BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The most recent New Zealand Adult Nutrition Survey 2008/09 (ANS 08/9) revealed a decrease in reported energy intakes (EIs) compared with the previous 1997 National Nutrition Survey (NNS97). Conversely, measured body weights increased over the same period. We conducted an analysis on the ANS 08/9 data sets to evaluate reported EIs. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Analysis was conducted on data from 3919 (1715 men and 2204 women aged ≥ 15 years) survey participants who completed the 24-h dietary recall in the ANS 08/9. Under- reporting was assessed using the ratio of reported EI to estimated resting metabolic rate (EI:[RMR.sub.est]), and a cutoff limit of RESULTS: The mean EI:[RMR.sub.est] (s.e.m.) was 1.34 (0.02) for men, and 1.23 (0.02) for women. Overall, 21% of men and 25% of women were classified as LERs. There was a greater prevalence of LERs among people with overweight (25%), or obesity (30%) than people with normal body weight (16%, P CONCLUSIONS: Under-reporting of EI will continue to be a major limitation of nutrition surveys without technological innovation. Care should be taken when interpreting EI data. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2014) 68, 259-264; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.242; published online 4 December 2013 Keywords: nutrition assessment; low energy reporters; under-reporting; dietary surveys; 24h dietary recall, INTRODUCTION Under-reporting of total energy intake (EI) is a common and acknowledged source of measurement error in dietary assessment. (1,2) Many factors contribute to under-reporting, but respondent biases (for example, [...]

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The SenseCam is a camera worn on a lanyard around the neck that automatically captures point-of-view images in response to movement, heat and light (every 20-30s). This device may enhance the accuracy of self-reported dietary intake by assisting participants' recall of food and beverage consumption. It was the objective of this study to evaluate if the wearable camera, SenseCam, can enhance the 24-h dietary recall by providing visual prompts to improve recall of food and beverage consumption. SUBJECT/METHODS: Thirteen volunteer adults in Oxford, United Kingdom, were recruited. Participants wore the SenseCam for 2 days while continuing their usual daily activities. On day 3, participants' diets were assessed using an interviewer-administered 24-h recall. SenseCam images were then shown to the participants and any additional dietary information that participants provided after viewing the images was recorded. Energy and macronutrient intakes were compared between the 24-h recall and 24-h recall + SenseCam. RESULTS: Data from 10 participants were included in the final analysis (8 males and 2 females), mean age 33 ± 11 years, mean BMI 25.9 ± 5.1 kg/[m.sup.2]. Viewing the SenseCam images increased self-reported energy intake by approximately 1432 ± 1564 kJ or 12.5% compared with the 24-h recall alone (P = 0.02). The increase was predominantly due to reporting of 41 additional foods (241 vs 282 total foods) across a range of food groups. Eight changes in portion size were made, which resulted in a negligible change to energy intake. CONCLUSIONS: Wearable cameras are promising method to enhance the accuracy of self-reported dietary assessment methods. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2013) 67, 1095-1099; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.156; published online 4 September 2013 Keywords: SenseCam; nutrition assessment; photography; under-reporting; wearable camera, INTRODUCTION The 24-h dietary recall is widely used in dietary assessment due to its low participant burden, ease of administration and suitability for a wide range of populations including participants [...]

Little objective information exists regarding which foods and meals are typically under-reported during retrospective self-reported dietary assessments. Automated wearable cameras record dietary behaviours in free-living settings and allow the context of underreporting to be explored. As part of a study to validate image-assisted dietary assessment, 40 participants wore a wearable camera on days before three image-assisted 24-h dietary recalls. The foods and meals were typically under-reported, and the environmental and social contexts of under-reporting were assessed. Under-reporting occurred most frequently during afternoon snacks (75/265 foods), dinner (54/265 foods) and breakfast (44/265 foods). Snack foods were most frequently unreported during afternoon snacks, and condiments were most frequently under-reported at breakfasts. No clear pattern of social or environmental contexts for underreporting was observed. Wearable cameras can identify when specific foods are likely to be under-reported during retrospective dietary assessments. Problematic foods and meals identified could be given additional attention during dietary assessments. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2016) 640-641; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.204; published online 16 December 2015, INTRODUCTION Dietary under-reporting is a widely acknowledged limitation of dietary assessment. (1) Social desirability biases, participant burden and recall errors are key contributors to the overall reporting bias, but little [...]

Background: Over the past three decades the global prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has increased by 47%. Marketing of energy-dense nutrient-poor foods and beverages contributes to this worldwide increase. Previous research on food marketing to children largely uses self-report, reporting by parents, or third-party observation of children's environments, with the focus mostly on single settings and/or media. This paper reports on innovative research, Kids'Cam, in which children wore cameras to examine the frequency and nature of everyday exposure to food marketing across multiple media and settings. Methods: Kids'Cam was a cross-sectional study of 168 children (mean age 12.6 years, SD = 0.5) in Wellington, New Zealand. Each child wore a wearable camera on four consecutive days, capturing images automatically every seven seconds. Images were manually coded as either recommended (core) or not recommended (non-core) to be marketed to children by setting, marketing medium, and product category. Images in convenience stores and supermarkets were excluded as marketing examples were considered too numerous to count. Results: On average, children were exposed to non-core food marketing 27.3 times a day (95% CI 24.8, 30.1) across all settings. This was more than twice their average exposure to core food marketing (12.3 per day, 95% CI 8.7, 17.4). Most non-core exposures occurred at home (33%), in public spaces (30%) and at school (19%). Food packaging was the predominant marketing medium (74% and 64% for core and non-core foods) followed by signs (21% and 28% for core and non-core). Sugary drinks, fast food, confectionary and snack foods were the most commonly encountered noncore foods marketed. Rates were calculated using Poisson regression. Conclusions: Children in this study were frequently exposed, across multiple settings, to marketing of non-core foods not recommended to be marketed to children. The study provides further evidence of the need for urgent action to reduce children's exposure to marketing of unhealthy foods, and suggests the settings and media in which to act. Such action is necessary if the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity's vision is to be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes the connection of stages-of-change model of behavior to various aspect of dietary change. Stages of behavioral change; Information on the studies examining the association between dietary fat intake and stage of dietary change; Recommendations for future study using the model.