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1. Pro-atherogenic postprandial profile: Meal-induced changes of lipoprotein sub-fractions and inflammation markers in obese boys

Author

Claudio Maffeis, Elena Fornari, Mg Surano, Leonardo Pinelli, Alberto Zambon, Daniela Vianello, S. Cordioli, Massimiliano Corradi, and S. Gasperotti

Subjects
Blood Glucose, Male, obesity, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Medicine (miscellaneous), Diet, High-Fat, Absorptiometry, Photon, children, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Insulin, Lipoprotein oxidation, Child, lipoprotein, inflammation, Meals, Triglycerides, Meal, Cross-Over Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Feeding Behavior, Postprandial Period, medicine.disease, Obesity, Diet, Endocrinology, Postprandial, Area Under Curve, Saturated fatty acid, Energy Intake, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Body mass index, Biomarkers, Lipoprotein
Abstract

Obesity is a pro-atherogenic condition and postprandial lipoprotein profile and circulating cytokines changes may contribute to promote the process. The aim of this study is to investigate postprandial metabolic response, lipoprotein oxidation and circulating cytokine levels, after the ingestion of two different meals with different fat/carbohydrate ratio.Ten prepubertal obese boys consumed two meals with the same energy and protein content but with a different carbohydrate to fat ratio: 1) moderate fat (MF): 61% carbohydrate, 27% fat; 2) high fat (HF): 37% carbohydrate, 52% fat. The AUC of glucose and insulin were significantly (p0.05) lower after the HF meal. HF meal was followed by a significant decrease in the cholesterol carried in the HDL fractions, while cholesterol in the small, dense LDL and in the VLDL particles increased, as compared to baseline (p0.05 for all). No differences were found in the cholesterol distribution after the MF meal. Moreover, HDL-C concentration was lower (p0.05) at 300 min after HF vs. MF meal. Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) concentration increased after the HF meal but not after the MF meal [9.3(2.2) vs 1.8(2.2)% from baseline, P0.02)]. A positive association (r0.3, P0.05) was observed between the densest LDL particles and the ox-LDL plasma levels. A reduction of IL-6 was found at 120 min after the MF [-23.3(5.5) vs -8.4(3.8)% from baseline, P0.05)] compared with the HF meal.A simple change of ≈25% of energy load from fat to carbohydrate in a meal significantly improves postprandial pro-atherogenic factors in obese boys.

Published
2012
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2. Breakfast skipping in prepubertal obese children: hormonal, metabolic and cognitive consequences

Author

Samuele Cortese, Massimiliano Corradi, I. Fasan, Mara Tommasi, Claudio Maffeis, Elena Fornari, Mg Surano, and Erika Comencini

Subjects
Blood Glucose, medicine.medical_specialty, media_common.quotation_subject, Medicine (miscellaneous), Obesity, children, hormones, breakfast, appetite, Verbal learning, Cognition, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Memory, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Insulin, Attention, Peptide YY, Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance, Child, Morning, media_common, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Repeated measures design, Appetite, Fasting, Feeding Behavior, Verbal Learning, Glucagon, Postprandial Period, Ghrelin, Diet, Endocrinology, Postprandial, Cross-Sectional Studies, Area Under Curve, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Verbal memory, business, Oxidation-Reduction
Abstract

Skipping breakfast influences cognitive performance. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between the variation of hormonal and metabolic postprandial parameters induced by breakfast consumption or fasting and cognitive performance in obese children. Cross-sectional study for repeated measures. Memory and attention assessment tests, hormones and nutrient oxidation were measured before and after consuming breakfast vs fasting in 10 prepubertal obese children. Fasting induced a significant (P

Published
2012

3. 101 PRO-ATHEROGENIC POSTPRANDIAL PROFILE: MEAL INDUCED CHANGES OF LIPOPROTEIN SUB-FRACTIONS AND INFLAMMATION MARKERS IN OBESE BOYS

Author

Alberto Zambon, S. Cordioli, S. Gasperotti, C. Maffeis, M. Carlon, Daniela Vianello, L. Pinelli, and Mg Surano

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Meal, business.industry, Inflammation, General Medicine, Postprandial, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Lipoprotein
Published
2011
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4. Breakfast skipping in prepubertal obese children: hormonal, metabolic and cognitive consequences.

Author

Maffeis C, Fornari E, Surano MG, Comencini E, Corradi M, Tommasi M, Fasan I, and Cortese S

Subjects
Area Under Curve, Blood Glucose metabolism, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Ghrelin blood, Glucagon blood, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 blood, Humans, Insulin blood, Oxidation-Reduction, Peptide YY blood, Postprandial Period, Verbal Learning, Attention, Cognition, Diet, Fasting, Feeding Behavior, Memory, Obesity blood, Obesity psychology
Abstract

Background and Aims: Skipping breakfast influences cognitive performance. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between the variation of hormonal and metabolic postprandial parameters induced by breakfast consumption or fasting and cognitive performance in obese children., Methods: Cross-sectional study for repeated measures. Memory and attention assessment tests, hormones and nutrient oxidation were measured before and after consuming breakfast vs fasting in 10 prepubertal obese children., Results: Fasting induced a significant (P<0.05) increase of the Overall Index of the Continuous Performance Test II (a global index of inattention) and the Test of Memory and Learning Word Selective Reminding (a test of verbal memory), whereas no changes were found after breakfast. Fasting was associated with a reduction of insulin and an increase in glucagon, with no changes in glucose. The increase in inattention was associated with a reduction of carbohydrate oxidation (ρ=-0.66, P<0.05). We found no difference in the area under the curve of peptide YY and glucagon-like peptide-1 after breakfast or fasting, whereas Ghrelin was significantly lower. No association between postprandial hormone variation and cognitive performance was found., Conclusions: Attention and visual memory performance in the morning were reduced when the children skipped breakfast. No association was found with hormones or metabolic changes, but we did find an association with a reduction of carbohydrate oxidation. Nevertheless, these preliminary findings need confirmation in larger sample size.

Published
2012
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5. A high-fat vs. a moderate-fat meal in obese boys: nutrient balance, appetite, and gastrointestinal hormone changes.

Author

Maffeis C, Surano MG, Cordioli S, Gasperotti S, Corradi M, and Pinelli L

Subjects
Area Under Curve, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Dietary Fats metabolism, Humans, Male, Nutritive Value, Obesity physiopathology, Postprandial Period physiology, Appetite drug effects, Dietary Carbohydrates metabolism, Dietary Fats pharmacology, Energy Metabolism drug effects, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 blood, Obesity metabolism, Triglycerides blood
Abstract

Meal composition is a contributing factor to fat gain. In this study, we investigated the relationship between postprandial nutrient balance, satiety, and hormone changes induced by a high-fat meal vs. a moderate-fat meal. Ten prepubertal obese boys (BMI z-score range: 1.3-3.0) were recruited. Two meals (energy: 590 kcal) were compared: (i) high-fat (HF) meal: 12% protein, 52% fat, 36% carbohydrates; (ii) moderate-fat (MF) meal: 12% protein, 27% fat, 61% carbohydrates. Pre- and postprandial (5 h) substrate oxidation (indirect calorimetry), appetite (visual analogue scale), biochemical parameters and gastrointestinal hormone concentrations were measured. Carbohydrate balance was significantly (P < 0.001) lower (31.3 (5.7) g/5 h vs. 66.9 (5.9) g/5 h) and fat balance was significantly (P < 0.001) higher (11.5 (3.3) g/5 h vs. -0.7 (2.9) g/5 h) after HF than MF meal. Appetite (area under the curve (AUC)) was significantly reduced after an MF than an HF meal (494 (55) cm.300 min vs. 595 (57) cm.300 min, P < 0.05). Postprandial triglyceride concentration (AUC) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher after an HF than an MF meal: 141.1 (30.3) mmol.300 min/l vs. 79.3 (23.8) mmol.300 min/l, respectively. Peptide YY (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), and ghrelin concentrations (AUC) were not significantly different after an HF and MF meal. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher after an HF than after an MF meal (72.3 (9.8) ng/ml vs. 22.7 (7.6) ng/ml, respectively), but it did not affect subjective appetite. In conclusion, an MF meal induced a better postprandial metabolic nutrient balance, triglyceride levels, and appetite suppression than an HF meal. Gastrointestinal hormones were not related to clinically assessed hunger suppression after both meals.

Published
2010
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