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All modern projects of low-emittance synchrotrons follow Multi-Bend Achromat approach*. The low emittance is realized by arranging small horizontal beta-function and dispersion in the bending magnets, the number of which varies from 4 to 9 magnets per cell. We propose an alternative way to reach low emittance by use of a lattice element that we call "Complex Bend"**, instead of regular dipole magnets. The Complex Bend is a new concept of bending magnet consisting of a number of dipole poles interleaved with strong alternate focusing so as to maintain the beta-function and dispersion oscillating at very low values. The details of Complex Bend, considerations regarding the choice of optimal parameters, thoughts for its practical realization and use in low-emittance lattices, are discussed., Proceedings of the North American Particle Accelerator Conference, NAPAC2019, Lansing, MI, USA

A new lattice design has been proposed recently based on a Complex-Bend concept [1,2] for low emittance syn-chrotrons. The dipoles of a standard DBA lattice are replaced in the Complex Bend by high-gradient (~ 450 T/m) quadrupoles interleaved between discrete dipoles. In another version of the Complex Bend [3] the high gradient quadrupoles are displaced transversely along the beam trajectory to generate the required dipole field. In the latter version the quadrupole strength is reduced to ~ 250 T/m for a lattice that will conform to the layout of the existing NSLS-II 3-GeV storage ring. In this paper we present conceptual designs of a Halbach permanent-magnet (PM) quadrupole, a hybrid PM quadrupole, and a superconducting quadrupole, that can produce the de-sired quadrupole strengths for the Complex Bend appli-cation. REFERENCES [1] T. Shaftan, V. Smaluk and G. Wang, ’The Concept of Com-plex Bend’, NSLS-II Tech note No. 276, Jan 2018. [2] G. Wang et al., ’Complex Bend: Strong-focusing magnet for low emittance synchrotrons’, Physical Review Accelerators and Beams, 21, 100703 (2018). [3] G. Wang et al., ’Complex Bend II’, paper submitted to Physi-cal Review Accelerators and Beams., Proceedings of the 10th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2019, Melbourne, Australia

Presently a program of incorporation of two new superconducting wigglers into main ring of Kurchatov synchrotron radiation source is implemented in NRC Kurchatov Institute. The wigglers are intended for new experimental stations "Belok-2" (biology studies) and "VEU" (exploration of materials in extreme conditions). The wigglers are designed for maximal magnetic field 3 T with 48 mm period and contain 50 pairs of poles with maximum field. Technical details of wigglers' construction are presented in the report along with a description of testing and mounting procedures. An influence of the wigglers on beam dynamic is described., Proceedings of the 26th Russian Particle Accelerator Conf., RUPAC2018, Protvino, Russia

The multipole superconducting wiggler was designed, fabricated and successfully installed and tested on DELTA Synchrotron Radiation Source. The wiggler represents a multipole magnet with alternating high magnetic field of 7 Tesla along movement of particles in storage ring. The magnet is immersed into liquid helium of a special cryostat with working temperature of ~4.2K. The wiggler consists of 22 pairs of poles superconducting magnet with 18 full field poles, 2 with a three-quarter field strength and 2 with one-quarter field poles. The magnet array produces a sin-like magnetic field variation on the magnetic axis of the device with first and second field integrals close to zero. The Dortmund Electron Accelerator (DELTA, Germany) operated at 1.5 GeV synchrotron radiation source requires a superconducting wiggler as an insertion device for three x-ray beamlines with photon energies up to more than 30 keV. The wiggler has a period of 127 mm, magnetic field of 7 Tesla and the length from flange to flange of 2.2 m operated with zero boil-off mode. The conception and main approaches for the design of the magnetic and cryogenic system as well as the main parameters and the test results of new 7 Tesla superconducting wiggler for DELTA synchrotron light source are presented., Proceedings of the 26th Russian Particle Accelerator Conf., RUPAC2018, Protvino, Russia

The installation of superconducting insertion device on storage ring gives an opportunity to increase the photon flux in the required range of synchrotron radiation spectrum and shift the photon spectrum to hard X-ray region. During more than 30 years BINP developed the superconducting insertion devices for generation of synchrotron radiation. More than 20 superconducting wigglers which were produced by BINP are used on many storage rings around the world. Each of them was optimized for the individual requirements of the experiments and taking into account the characteristics of the storage rings. However all the device can be conditionally divided into several groups with similar features: high field wigglers (up to 7.5 T) with long period (140-200 mm), middle field (2.5-4.2 T) with middle period (46-64 mm) and low field (2-2.1 T) with short period (30-34 mm). The superconducting wiggler cryostats which are developed in BINP are operated not only with zero liquid helium consumption but even with a lower relative to the atmosphere pressure despite of additional heat load from the electron beam and from the current of ~1000 A for supplying of superconducting magnet. This allows not only to avoid a helium loss but also to increase the level of the magnetic field due to the shifting of the critical parameters of superconducting wire. The features of magnetic and cryogenics systems of the superconducting wigglers produced in BINP are presented in this report., Proceedings of the 26th Russian Particle Accelerator Conf., RUPAC2018, Protvino, Russia

Superconducting undulator with use of neutral poles was proposed in Budker INP. Period of the undulator is 15.6 mm. Pole gap and magnetic field are equal to 8 mm and 1.2 T correspondingly. A prototype of the undulator with 15 periods was fabricated and successfully tested. Calculations, design and test results of the prototype in the report are presented. The cryogenic and vacuum system of the undulator are discussed., Proceedings of the 25th Russian Particle Accelerator Conf., RuPAC2016, St. Petersburg, Russia

Louisiana State University installed a 7.5 T superconducting wiggler in May 2013 on the electron storage ring located at the Bennett Johnson, Sr. Center for Advanced Microstructures and Devices (CAMD). The wiggler’s influence on betatron tunes and functions, orbit, lifetime, performance, and other relevant beam parameters are described. We further comment on device operations and modifications to ring operations that were necessary to provide light for both wiggler and dipole stations., Proceedings of the 6th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA

Superconducting multipole wigglers installed on synchrotron radiation sources are the powerful tools for researches in various areas of science and technics. SuperConducting Multipole Wigglers (SCMWs) represent sign-alternating sequence of magnets with lateral magnetic field. Relativistic electrons, passing through such set of magnetic elements, create radiation with properties of synchrotron radiations depending on maximum field its period and poles number. The first superconducting wiggler has been made and installed on the VEPP-3 electron storage ring as generator of synchrotron radiation in 1979. Nowadays tens of wigglers are successfully working in the various synchrotron radiation centers and more than 10 of them were developed and made in Budker INP. These wigglers may be divided into 3 groups: 1- Short period 3-3.5 cm with field ~2-2.5 Tesla 2- Medium period 4.8-6 cm with field ~ 3.5-4.5 Tesla 3- Long period 14.5-20 cm with field 7-7.5Tesla. The description of magnetic properties of the wigglers, parameters of both cryogenic and vacuum systems and their technical decisions are presenteded in the report., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany

A 3.5 Tesla 64 mm period superconducting wiggler (SCW) was constructed by the Russian Budker Institute of Novosibirsk (BINP) and installed in the Elettra storage ring as a photon source for the second X-ray diffraction beamline in November 2002, but never used due to the lack of the funding required for the beamline construction. About three years ago, the beamline construction was finally funded together with the refurbishment of the SCW. This upgrade, that was necessary in order to make the SCW operations compatible with the top up mode of the storage ring aimed in a drastic reduction of the liquid helium consumption by means of replacing the cryostat with a new version. At the same time the upgrade aimed as well to improve the reliability of the cryostat, to update the control system and to verify the magnetic field performance after a very long time of inactivity. In this paper we present and discuss the performances of the SCW following its refurbishment carried out by BINP team and its re-commissioning in the Elettra storage ring., Proceedings of the 5th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2014, Dresden, Germany