62,998 results on '"Meza, A."'
Search Results
2. The comprehensive management of patients with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis; a perspective from antifungal treatment to prosthetic rehabilitation: A descriptive cohort study
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Castrejon, Angelica Julian, Hernandez Martinez, Rosa Marene, Mendez, Diana Rivero, Gil Velazquez, Israel Nayensei, Rodriguez Pina, Juan Heriberto, Salgado Camacho, Juan Manuel, Calva, Nicolas Teyes, Espindola Chavarria, Sayuri I, Meza-Meneses, Patricia A, and Castro-Fuentes, Carlos Alberto
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- 2024
3. Modeling the 3-point correlation function of projected scalar fields on the sphere
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Arvizu, Abraham, Aviles, Alejandro, Hidalgo, Juan Carlos, Moreno, Eladio, Niz, Gustavo, Rodriguez-Meza, Mario A., Samario, Sofía, and Collaboration, The LSST Dark Energy Science
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Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
One of the main obstacles for the signal extraction of the three point correlation function using photometric surveys, such as the Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), will be the prohibitive computation time required for dealing with a vast quantity of sources. Brute force algorithms, which naively scales as $\mathcal{O}(N^3)$ with the number of objects, can be further improved with tree methods but not enough to deal with large scale correlations of Rubin's data. However, a harmonic basis decomposition of these higher order statistics reduces the time dramatically, to scale as a two-point correlation function with the number of objects, so that the signal can be extracted in a reasonable amount of time. In this work, we aim to develop the framework to use these expansions within the Limber approximation for scalar (or spin-0) fields, such as galaxy counts, weak lensing convergence or aperture masses. We develop an estimator to extract the signal from catalogs and different phenomenological and theoretical models for its description. The latter includes halo model and standard perturbation theory, to which we add a simple effective field theory prescription based on the short range of non-locality of cosmic fields, significantly improving the agreement with simulated data. In parallel to the modeling of the signal, we develop a code that can efficiently calculate three points correlations of more than 200 million data points (a full sky simulation with Nside=4096) in $\sim$40 minutes on a single high-performance computing node, enabling a feasible analysis for the upcoming LSST data., Comment: 31 pages, 10 figures
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- 2024
4. Power Scheduler: A Batch Size and Token Number Agnostic Learning Rate Scheduler
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Shen, Yikang, Stallone, Matthew, Mishra, Mayank, Zhang, Gaoyuan, Tan, Shawn, Prasad, Aditya, Soria, Adriana Meza, Cox, David D., and Panda, Rameswar
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Finding the optimal learning rate for language model pretraining is a challenging task. This is not only because there is a complicated correlation between learning rate, batch size, number of training tokens, model size, and other hyperparameters but also because it is prohibitively expensive to perform a hyperparameter search for large language models with Billions or Trillions of parameters. Recent studies propose using small proxy models and small corpus to perform hyperparameter searches and transposing the optimal parameters to large models and large corpus. While the zero-shot transferability is theoretically and empirically proven for model size related hyperparameters, like depth and width, the zero-shot transfer from small corpus to large corpus is underexplored. In this paper, we study the correlation between optimal learning rate, batch size, and number of training tokens for the recently proposed WSD scheduler. After thousands of small experiments, we found a power-law relationship between variables and demonstrated its transferability across model sizes. Based on the observation, we propose a new learning rate scheduler, Power scheduler, that is agnostic about the number of training tokens and batch size. The experiment shows that combining the Power scheduler with Maximum Update Parameterization (muP) can consistently achieve impressive performance with one set of hyperparameters regardless of the number of training tokens, batch size, model size, and even model architecture. Our 3B dense and MoE models trained with the Power scheduler achieve comparable performance as state-of-the-art small language models. We open-source these pretrained models at https://ibm.biz/BdKhLa.
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- 2024
5. Circumstellar Interaction in the Ultraviolet Spectra of SN 2023ixf 14-66 Days After Explosion
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Bostroem, K. Azalee, Sand, David J., Dessart, Luc, Smith, Nathan, Jha, Saurabh W., Valenti, Stefano, Andrews, Jennifer E., Dong, Yize, Filippenko, Alexei V., Gomez, Sebastian, Hiramatsu, Daichi, Hoang, Emily T., Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Howell, D. Andrew, Jencson, Jacob E., Lundquist, Michael, McCully, Curtis, Mehta, Darshana, Retamal, Nicolas E. Meza, Pearson, Jeniveve, Ravi, Aravind P., Shrestha, Manisha, and Wyatt, Samuel
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
SN 2023ixf was discovered in M101 within a day of explosion and rapidly classified as a Type II supernova with flash features. Here we present ultraviolet (UV) spectra obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope 14, 19, 24, and 66 days after explosion. Interaction between the supernova ejecta and circumstellar material (CSM) is seen in the UV throughout our observations in the flux of the first three epochs and asymmetric MgII emission at day 66. We compare our observations to CMFGEN supernova models which include CSM interaction ($\dot{M}<10^{-3}$ $M_{\odot}$/yr) and find that the power from CSM interaction is decreasing with time, from $L_{\rm sh}\approx5\times10^{42}$ erg/s at day 14 to $L_{sh}\approx1\times10^{40}$ erg/s at day 66. We examine the contribution of individual atomic species to the spectra at day 14 and 19, showing that the majority of the features are dominated by iron, nickel, magnesium, and chromium absorption in the ejecta. The UV spectral energy distribution of SN 2023ixf sits between that of supernovae which show no definitive signs of CSM interaction and those with persistent signatures assuming the same progenitor radius and metallicity. Finally, we show that the evolution and asymmetric shape of the MgII emission are not unique to SN 2023ixf. These observations add to the early measurements of dense, confined CSM interaction, tracing the mass-loss history of SN 2023ixf to $\sim33$ yr prior to explosion and the density profile to a radius of $\sim5.7\times10^{15}$ cm. They show the relatively short evolution from quiescent red supergiant wind to high mass loss., Comment: Submitted to ApJ, comments welcome
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- 2024
6. Scaling Granite Code Models to 128K Context
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Stallone, Matt, Saxena, Vaibhav, Karlinsky, Leonid, McGinn, Bridget, Bula, Tim, Mishra, Mayank, Soria, Adriana Meza, Zhang, Gaoyuan, Prasad, Aditya, Shen, Yikang, Surendran, Saptha, Guttula, Shanmukha, Patel, Hima, Selvam, Parameswaran, Dang, Xuan-Hong, Koyfman, Yan, Sood, Atin, Feris, Rogerio, Desai, Nirmit, Cox, David D., Puri, Ruchir, and Panda, Rameswar
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Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Software Engineering - Abstract
This paper introduces long-context Granite code models that support effective context windows of up to 128K tokens. Our solution for scaling context length of Granite 3B/8B code models from 2K/4K to 128K consists of a light-weight continual pretraining by gradually increasing its RoPE base frequency with repository-level file packing and length-upsampled long-context data. Additionally, we also release instruction-tuned models with long-context support which are derived by further finetuning the long context base models on a mix of permissively licensed short and long-context instruction-response pairs. While comparing to the original short-context Granite code models, our long-context models achieve significant improvements on long-context tasks without any noticeable performance degradation on regular code completion benchmarks (e.g., HumanEval). We release all our long-context Granite code models under an Apache 2.0 license for both research and commercial use.
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- 2024
7. Tailoring high-entropy alloys via commodity powders for metal injection moulding: A feasibility study
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Meza, A., Barbosa, A., Tabares, E., and Torralba, J. M.
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Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
High entropy alloys (HEAs) represent a novel frontier in metallurgical advancements, offering exceptional mechanical properties owing to their unique multicomponent nature. This study explores a novel strategy utilising commodity powders - Ni625, Invar36, and CoCrF75 - to tailor HEAs via metal injection moulding (MIM). The objective is to achieve cost-effective manufacturing while maintaining desired properties. The research involves mixing these powders in a specific proportion, integrating them with a sustainable polyethylene glycol-cellulose acetate butyrate binder system, and characterising the resulting feedstocks for MIM processing. Subsequent debinding and sintering steps were executed to densify and form a single face-centered cubic (FCC) phase HEA, followed by comprehensive analyses to evaluate the suitability of the developed HEA compositions. In addition, all MIM stages were thoroughly characterised to control the porosity of the final parts and to ensure a single FCC solid solution with promising mechanical properties in the developed non-equiatomic CoCrFeNiMox-type HEAs.
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- 2024
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8. Granite-Function Calling Model: Introducing Function Calling Abilities via Multi-task Learning of Granular Tasks
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Abdelaziz, Ibrahim, Basu, Kinjal, Agarwal, Mayank, Kumaravel, Sadhana, Stallone, Matthew, Panda, Rameswar, Rizk, Yara, Bhargav, GP, Crouse, Maxwell, Gunasekara, Chulaka, Ikbal, Shajith, Joshi, Sachin, Karanam, Hima, Kumar, Vineet, Munawar, Asim, Neelam, Sumit, Raghu, Dinesh, Sharma, Udit, Soria, Adriana Meza, Sreedhar, Dheeraj, Venkateswaran, Praveen, Unuvar, Merve, Cox, David, Roukos, Salim, Lastras, Luis, and Kapanipathi, Pavan
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Computer Science - Machine Learning ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Computation and Language - Abstract
Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown tremendous promise in serving as the backbone to agentic systems, as demonstrated by their performance in multi-faceted, challenging benchmarks like SWE-Bench and Agent-Bench. However, to realize the true potential of LLMs as autonomous agents, they must learn to identify, call, and interact with external tools and application program interfaces (APIs) to complete complex tasks. These tasks together are termed function calling. Endowing LLMs with function calling abilities leads to a myriad of advantages, such as access to current and domain-specific information in databases and knowledge sources, and the ability to outsource tasks that can be reliably performed by tools, e.g., a Python interpreter or calculator. While there has been significant progress in function calling with LLMs, there is still a dearth of open models that perform on par with proprietary LLMs like GPT, Claude, and Gemini. Therefore, in this work, we introduce the GRANITE-20B-FUNCTIONCALLING model under an Apache 2.0 license. The model is trained using a multi-task training approach on seven fundamental tasks encompassed in function calling, those being Nested Function Calling, Function Chaining, Parallel Functions, Function Name Detection, Parameter-Value Pair Detection, Next-Best Function, and Response Generation. We present a comprehensive evaluation on multiple out-of-domain datasets comparing GRANITE-20B-FUNCTIONCALLING to more than 15 other best proprietary and open models. GRANITE-20B-FUNCTIONCALLING provides the best performance among all open models on the Berkeley Function Calling Leaderboard and fourth overall. As a result of the diverse tasks and datasets used for training our model, we show that GRANITE-20B-FUNCTIONCALLING has better generalizability on multiple tasks in seven different evaluation datasets.
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- 2024
9. Reliable edge machine learning hardware for scientific applications
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Baldi, Tommaso, Campos, Javier, Hawks, Ben, Ngadiuba, Jennifer, Tran, Nhan, Diaz, Daniel, Duarte, Javier, Kastner, Ryan, Meza, Andres, Quinnan, Melissa, Weng, Olivia, Geniesse, Caleb, Gholami, Amir, Mahoney, Michael W., Loncar, Vladimir, Harris, Philip, Agar, Joshua, and Qin, Shuyu
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Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
Extreme data rate scientific experiments create massive amounts of data that require efficient ML edge processing. This leads to unique validation challenges for VLSI implementations of ML algorithms: enabling bit-accurate functional simulations for performance validation in experimental software frameworks, verifying those ML models are robust under extreme quantization and pruning, and enabling ultra-fine-grained model inspection for efficient fault tolerance. We discuss approaches to developing and validating reliable algorithms at the scientific edge under such strict latency, resource, power, and area requirements in extreme experimental environments. We study metrics for developing robust algorithms, present preliminary results and mitigation strategies, and conclude with an outlook of these and future directions of research towards the longer-term goal of developing autonomous scientific experimentation methods for accelerated scientific discovery., Comment: IEEE VLSI Test Symposium 2024 (VTS)
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- 2024
10. Extended Shock Breakout and Early Circumstellar Interaction in SN 2024ggi
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Shrestha, Manisha, Bostroem, K. Azalee, Sand, David J., Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Andrews, Jennifer E., Dong, Yize, Hoang, Emily, Janzen, Daryl, Pearson, Jeniveve, Jencson, Jacob E., Lundquist, M. J., Mehta, Darshana, Ravi, Aravind P., Retamal, Nicolas Meza, Valenti, Stefano, Brown, Peter J., Jha, Saurabh W., Macrie, Colin, Hsu, Brian, Farah, Joseph, Howell, D. Andrew, McCully, Curtis, Newsome, Megan, Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla, Pellegrino, Craig, Terreran, Giacomo, Kwok, Lindsey, Smith, Nathan, Schwab, Michaela, Martas, Aidan, Munoz, Ricardo R., Medina, Gustavo E., Li, Ting S., Diaz, Paula, Hiramatsu, Daichi, Tucker, Brad E., Wheeler, J. C., Wang, Xiaofeng, Zhai, Qian, Zhang, Jujia, Gangopadhyay, Anjasha, Yang, Yi, and Gutierez, Claudia P.
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We present high-cadence photometric and spectroscopic observations of supernova (SN) 2024ggi, a Type II SN with flash spectroscopy features which exploded in the nearby galaxy NGC 3621 at $\sim$7 Mpc. The light-curve evolution over the first 30 hours can be fit by two power law indices with a break after 22 hours, rising from $M_V \approx -12.95$ mag at +0.66 days to $M_V \approx -17.91$ mag after 7 days. In addition, the densely sampled color curve shows a strong blueward evolution over the first few days and then behaves as a normal SN II with a redward evolution as the ejecta cool. Such deviations could be due to interaction with circumstellar material (CSM). Early high- and low-resolution spectra clearly show high-ionization flash features from the first spectrum to +3.42 days after the explosion. From the high-resolution spectra, we calculate the CSM velocity to be 37 $\pm~4~\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}} $. We also see the line strength evolve rapidly from 1.22 to 1.49 days in the earliest high-resolution spectra. Comparison of the low-resolution spectra with CMFGEN models suggests that the pre-explosion mass-loss rate of SN 2024ggi falls in a range of $10^{-3}$ to $10^{-2}$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$, which is similar to that derived for SN 2023ixf. However, the rapid temporal evolution of the narrow lines in the spectra of SN 2024ggi ($R_\mathrm{CSM} \sim 2.7 \times 10^{14} \mathrm{cm}$) could indicate a smaller spatial extent of the CSM than in SN 2023ixf ($R_\mathrm{CSM} \sim 5.4 \times 10^{14} \mathrm{cm}$) which in turn implies lower total CSM mass for SN 2024ggi., Comment: 23 pages, 15 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in ApJL
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- 2024
11. Computing Fundamental Constants in the FLRW Universe using the Hawking Radiation of the Cosmological Horizon
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Gaxiola, Armando Meza and Longoria, Pablo Padilla
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General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
In this work, we compute the universe temperature for the cosmological horizon for the FLRW metric. For this purpose, we consider a scalar field on the cosmological horizon. This scalar field satisfies the Klein-Gordon equation in a curved space-time. Recently, some authors like Barrow, Bekenstein and others have proposed that the fundamental constants might vary with time. Along these lines of thought, we derive the electromagnetic momentum and electromagnetic field for the FLRW universe. This enables us to obtain a temporal dependence of the Hubble parameter which, in turn, induces a time dependence of the fundamental constants. In order to validate this model, the theoretical predictions are then compared with observational data as a function of the redshift, $z$, for the universe expansion. As a consequence, this time dependence on the fundamental constants makes it possible to predict a change in time of the informational content for the entropy of the universe surface area, this is expressed as the bit number by using the holographic principle., Comment: 27 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1007.4044 by other authors
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- 2024
12. SN2023fyq: A Type Ibn Supernova With Long-standing Precursor Activity Due to Binary Interaction
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Dong, Yize, Tsuna, Daichi, Valenti, Stefano, Sand, David J., Andrews, Jennifer E., Bostroem, K. Azalee, Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Hoang, Emily, Jha, Saurabh W., Janzen, Daryl, Jencson, Jacob E., Lundquist, Michael, Mehta, Darshana, Ravi, Aravind P., Retamal, Nicolas E. Meza, Pearson, Jeniveve, Shrestha, Manisha, Bonanos, Alceste, Howell, D. Andrew, Smith, Nathan, Farah, Joseph, Hiramatsu, Daichi, Itagaki, Koichi, McCully, Curtis, Newsome, Megan, Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla, Paraskeva, Emmanouela N., Pellegrino, Craig, Terreran, Giacomo, Haislip, Joshua, Kouprianov, Vladimir, and Reichart, Daniel E.
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2023fyq, a type Ibn supernova in the nearby galaxy NGC 4388 (D$\simeq$18~Mpc). In addition, we trace long-standing precursor emission at the position of SN 2023fyq using data from DLT40, ATLAS, ZTF, ASAS-SN, Swift, and amateur astronomer Koichi Itagaki. Precursor activity is observed up to nearly three years before the supernova explosion, with a relatively rapid rise in the final 100 days. The double-peaked post-explosion light curve reaches a luminosity of $\sim10^{43}~\rm erg\,s^{-1}$. The strong intermediate-width He lines observed in the nebular spectrum of SN 2023fyq imply the interaction is still active at late phases. We found that the precursor activity in SN 2023fyq is best explained by the mass transfer in a binary system involving a low-mass He star and a compact companion. An equatorial disk is likely formed in this process ($\sim$0.6$\rm M_{\odot}$), and the interaction of SN ejecta with this disk powers the main peak of the supernova. The early SN light curve reveals the presence of dense extended material ($\sim$0.3$\rm M_{\odot}$) at $\sim$3000$\rm R_{\odot}$ ejected weeks before the SN explosion, likely due to final-stage core silicon burning or runaway mass transfer resulting from binary orbital shrinking, leading to rapid rising precursor emission within $\sim$30 days prior to explosion. The final explosion could be triggered either by the core-collapse of the He star or by the merger of the He star with a compact object. SN 2023fyq, along with SN 2018gjx and SN 2015G, forms a unique class of Type Ibn SNe which originate in binary systems and are likely to exhibit detectable long-lasting pre-explosion outbursts with magnitudes ranging from $-$10 to $-$13., Comment: submitted to ApJ
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- 2024
13. Granite Code Models: A Family of Open Foundation Models for Code Intelligence
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Mishra, Mayank, Stallone, Matt, Zhang, Gaoyuan, Shen, Yikang, Prasad, Aditya, Soria, Adriana Meza, Merler, Michele, Selvam, Parameswaran, Surendran, Saptha, Singh, Shivdeep, Sethi, Manish, Dang, Xuan-Hong, Li, Pengyuan, Wu, Kun-Lung, Zawad, Syed, Coleman, Andrew, White, Matthew, Lewis, Mark, Pavuluri, Raju, Koyfman, Yan, Lublinsky, Boris, de Bayser, Maximilien, Abdelaziz, Ibrahim, Basu, Kinjal, Agarwal, Mayank, Zhou, Yi, Johnson, Chris, Goyal, Aanchal, Patel, Hima, Shah, Yousaf, Zerfos, Petros, Ludwig, Heiko, Munawar, Asim, Crouse, Maxwell, Kapanipathi, Pavan, Salaria, Shweta, Calio, Bob, Wen, Sophia, Seelam, Seetharami, Belgodere, Brian, Fonseca, Carlos, Singhee, Amith, Desai, Nirmit, Cox, David D., Puri, Ruchir, and Panda, Rameswar
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Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Software Engineering - Abstract
Large Language Models (LLMs) trained on code are revolutionizing the software development process. Increasingly, code LLMs are being integrated into software development environments to improve the productivity of human programmers, and LLM-based agents are beginning to show promise for handling complex tasks autonomously. Realizing the full potential of code LLMs requires a wide range of capabilities, including code generation, fixing bugs, explaining and documenting code, maintaining repositories, and more. In this work, we introduce the Granite series of decoder-only code models for code generative tasks, trained with code written in 116 programming languages. The Granite Code models family consists of models ranging in size from 3 to 34 billion parameters, suitable for applications ranging from complex application modernization tasks to on-device memory-constrained use cases. Evaluation on a comprehensive set of tasks demonstrates that Granite Code models consistently reaches state-of-the-art performance among available open-source code LLMs. The Granite Code model family was optimized for enterprise software development workflows and performs well across a range of coding tasks (e.g. code generation, fixing and explanation), making it a versatile all around code model. We release all our Granite Code models under an Apache 2.0 license for both research and commercial use., Comment: Corresponding Authors: Rameswar Panda, Ruchir Puri; Equal Contributors: Mayank Mishra, Matt Stallone, Gaoyuan Zhang
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- 2024
14. A Case of Combined Baclofen and Carisoprodol Withdrawal: The Hidden Dangers of Muscle Relaxants
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Sarnoff, Rachel P, Brownstein, Daniel J, Meza, Julio, and Kleiber, Angela K
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- 2024
15. Spanish Translation and Cultural Adaptation of the Intensive Care Unit Delirium Playbook.
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Fuentes, Ana, Makhija, Hirsh, Fine, Janelle, Alicea Reyes, Paola, Diaz De Leon, Bianca, Sanchez-Azofra, Ana, Rodriguez-Flores, Leslie, Weston, Julia, Marquine, María, Hu, Esmeralda, Espinosa-Meza, Romina, Serafin Higuera, Idanya, Vacas Jacques, Paulino, Pollack, Daniel, Novelli, Francesca, Ely, E, Malhotra, Atul, Needham, Dale, Martin, Jennifer, Kamdar, Biren, Arroyo-Novoa, Carmen, and Figueroa-Ramos, Milagros
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critical illness ,delirium ,early diagnosis ,nursing education ,translating - Abstract
BACKGROUND: A lack of high-quality provider education hinders the delivery of standard-of-care delirium detection and prevention practices in the intensive care unit (ICU). To fill this gap, we developed and validated an e-learning ICU Delirium Playbook consisting of eight videos and a 44-question knowledge assessment quiz. Given the increasing Spanish-speaking population worldwide, we translated and cross-culturally adapted the playbook from English into Spanish. OBJECTIVE: To translate and culturally adapt the ICU Delirium Playbook into Spanish, the second most common native language worldwide. METHODS: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation process included double forward and back translations and harmonization by a 14-person interdisciplinary team of ICU nurses and physicians, delirium experts, methodologists, medical interpreters, and bilingual professionals representing many Spanish-speaking global regions. After a preeducation quiz, a nurse focus group completed the playbook videos and posteducation quiz, followed by a semistructured interview. RESULTS: The ICU Delirium Playbook: Spanish Version maintained conceptual equivalence to the English version. Focus group participants posted mean (standard deviation) pre- and post-playbook scores of 63% (10%) and 78% (12%), with a 15% (11%) pre-post improvement (P = 0.01). Participants reported improved perceived competency in performing the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU and provided positive feedback regarding the playbook. CONCLUSION: After translation and cultural adaptation, the ICU Delirium Playbook: Spanish Version yielded significant knowledge assessment improvements and positive feedback. The Spanish playbook is now available for public dissemination.
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- 2024
16. Pentimento: Data Remanence in Cloud FPGAs
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Drewes, Colin, Weng, Olivia, Meza, Andres, Althoff, Alric, Kohlbrenner, David, Kastner, Ryan, and Richmond, Dustin
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Information and Computing Sciences ,Cybersecurity and Privacy - Published
- 2024
17. Storylines of family medicine IX: people and places—diverse populations and locations of care
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Ventres, William B, Stone, Leslie A, Abou-Arab, Emad R, Meza, Julio, Buck, David S, Crowder, Jerome W, Edgoose, Jennifer YC, Brown, Alexander, Plumb, Ellen J, Norris, Amber K, Allen, Jay J, Giammar, Lauren E, Wood, John E, Dickson, Scott M, and Brown, G Austin
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Health Services and Systems ,Health Sciences ,Health Disparities ,Social Determinants of Health ,Rural Health ,7.1 Individual care needs ,Management of diseases and conditions ,Generic health relevance ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,Family Practice ,Physicians ,Family ,House Calls ,Medically Unexplained Symptoms ,Sexual and Gender Minorities ,Family Medicine ,General Practice ,Community Medicine ,Clinical Medicine ,Health services and systems ,Public health - Abstract
Storylines of Family Medicine is a 12-part series of thematically linked mini-essays with accompanying illustrations that explore the many dimensions of family medicine as interpreted by individual family physicians and medical educators in the USA and elsewhere around the world. In 'IX: people and places-diverse populations and locations of care', authors address the following themes: 'LGBTQIA+health in family medicine', 'A family medicine approach to substance use disorders', 'Shameless medicine for people experiencing homelessness', '''Difficult" encounters-finding the person behind the patient', 'Attending to patients with medically unexplained symptoms', 'Making house calls and home visits', 'Family physicians in the procedure room', 'Robust rural family medicine' and 'Full-spectrum family medicine'. May readers appreciate the breadth of family medicine in these essays.
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- 2024
18. Understanding the effects of sub-inhibitory antibiotic concentrations on the development of β-lactamase resistance based on quantile regression analysis
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Mira, Portia, Guzman-Cole, Candace, and Meza, Juan C
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Microbiology ,Biological Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Infectious Diseases ,Prevention ,Antimicrobial Resistance ,Infection ,Humans ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Regression Analysis ,Bacteria ,beta-Lactamases ,beta-Lactam Resistance ,Quantile regression analysis ,antibiotic resistance ,TEM Beta lactamase ,antibiotic concentrations ,Agricultural ,veterinary and food sciences ,Biological sciences ,Biomedical and clinical sciences - Abstract
AimsQuantile regression is an alternate type of regression analysis that has been shown to have numerous advantages over standard linear regression. Unlike linear regression, which uses the mean to fit a linear model, quantile regression uses a data set's quantiles (or percentiles), which leads to a more comprehensive analysis of the data. However, while relatively common in other scientific fields such as economic and environmental modeling, it is infrequently used to understand biological and microbiological systems.Methods and resultsWe analyzed a set of bacterial growth rates using quantile regression analysis to better understand the effects of antibiotics on bacterial fitness. Using a bacterial model system containing 16 variant genotypes of the TEM β-lactamase enzyme, we compared our quantile regression analysis to a previously published study that uses the Tukey's range test, or Tukey honestly significantly difference (HSD) test. We find that trends in the distribution of bacterial growth rate data, as viewed through the lens of quantile regression, can distinguish between novel genotypes and ones that have been clinically isolated from patients. Quantile regression also identified certain combinations of genotypes and antibiotics that resulted in bacterial populations growing faster as the antibiotic concentration increased-the opposite of what was expected. These analyses can provide new insights into the relationships between enzymatic efficacy and antibiotic concentration.ConclusionsQuantile regression analysis enhances our understanding of the impacts of sublethal antibiotic concentrations on enzymatic (TEM β-lactamase) efficacy and bacterial fitness. We illustrate that quantile regression analysis can link patterns in growth rates with clinically relevant mutations and provides an understanding of how increasing sub-lethal antibiotic concentrations, like those found in our modern environment, can affect bacterial growth rates, and provide insight into the genetic basis for varied resistance.
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- 2024
19. Preliminary mapping of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) over Ecuador using global positioning system (GPS) data
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Lopez, Ericson D., Ubillus, Bryan A., and Meza, Ariel A.
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Physics - Space Physics - Abstract
The ionosphere affects radio signals by altering their speed, direction, and trajectory, causing a temporary delay known as ionospheric delay, which is directly related to the total electron content (TEC). Although research in other equatorial locations has explored TEC implications, qualitative research is required to predict its behavior in the ionosphere. This study aims to depict TEC intensity evolution through color maps using data from 14 GPS receivers placed across Ecuador. For this purpose, pseudorange observables collected from the stations were used to present a calculation method for the TEC and its evolution during January 2022. The results revealed an oscillatory behavior in the evolution of the TEC, with intensity peaks that, on some occasions, approach and even exceed 100 T ECU (TEC units), while its local minimums never reach zero values.
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- 2024
20. AI-Assisted Causal Pathway Diagram for Human-Centered Design
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Zhong, Ruican, Shin, Donghoon, Meza, Rosemary, Klasnja, Predrag, Colusso, Lucas, and Hsieh, Gary
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Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Computation and Language ,H.5.2 ,I.2.7 - Abstract
This paper explores the integration of causal pathway diagrams (CPD) into human-centered design (HCD), investigating how these diagrams can enhance the early stages of the design process. A dedicated CPD plugin for the online collaborative whiteboard platform Miro was developed to streamline diagram creation and offer real-time AI-driven guidance. Through a user study with designers (N=20), we found that CPD's branching and its emphasis on causal connections supported both divergent and convergent processes during design. CPD can also facilitate communication among stakeholders. Additionally, we found our plugin significantly reduces designers' cognitive workload and increases their creativity during brainstorming, highlighting the implications of AI-assisted tools in supporting creative work and evidence-based designs.
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- 2024
- Full Text
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21. Radiation Surveys in Active Nuclear Facilities with Heterogeneous Collaborative Mobile Robots
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Pryor, Mitchell, Navarro, Alex, Panthi, Janak, Torres, Kevin, Tebben, Mary, Meza, Daniel, Horan, Caleb, and Macris, Alex
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Computer Science - Robotics - Abstract
Nuclear facilities must routinely survey their infrastructure for radiation contamination. Generally, this is done by trained professionals, wearing personal protective equipment (PPE) that swipe potentially contaminated surfaces and test the wipes under detectors. This approach leaves personnel vulnerable to radiation exposure and is not comprehensive. Robots address these inadequacies, offering a cost-effective solution with negligible downtime. We present a Robot Radiation Survey System (RRSS): a heterogeneous robot team to perform comprehensive alpha/beta/gamma radiation surveys. The RRSS system members, core capabilities, and comprehensive survey plan are addresses in this paper., Comment: 6 pages, 16 figures
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- 2024
22. API Pack: A Massive Multi-Programming Language Dataset for API Call Generation
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Guo, Zhen, Soria, Adriana Meza, Sun, Wei, Shen, Yikang, and Panda, Rameswar
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Computer Science - Computation and Language ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer Science - Machine Learning - Abstract
We introduce API Pack, a massive multi-programming language dataset containing more than 1 million instruction-API call pairs to improve the API call generation capabilities of large language models. By fine-tuning CodeLlama-13B on 20,000 Python instances from API Pack, we enable it to outperform GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 in generating unseen API calls. Fine-tuning on API Pack also facilitates cross-programming language generalization by leveraging a large amount of data in one language and small amounts of data from other languages. Scaling the training data to 1 million instances further improves the model's ability to generalize to new APIs not used in training. To facilitate further research, we open-source the API Pack dataset, trained model, and associated source code at https://github.com/zguo0525/API-Pack.
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- 2024
23. Circumstellar interaction signatures in the low luminosity type II SN 2021gmj
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Meza-Retamal, Nicolas, Dong, Yize, Bostroem, K. Azalee, Valenti, Stefano, Galbany, Lluis, Pearson, Jeniveve, Hosseinzadeh, Griffin, Andrews, Jennifer E., Sand, David J., Jencson, Jacob E., Janzen, Daryl, Lundquist, Michael J., Hoang, Emily T., Wyatt, Samuel, Brown, Peter J., Howell, D. Andrew, Newsome, Megan, Gonzalez, Estefania Padilla, Pellegrino, Craig, Terreran, Giacomo, Kouprianov, Vladimir, Hiramatsu, Daichi, Jha, Saurabh W., Smith, Nathan, Haislip, Joshua, Reichart, Daniel E., Shrestha, Manisha, and Rosales-Ortega, F. Fabián
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We present comprehensive optical observations of SN~2021gmj, a Type II supernova (SN~II) discovered within a day of explosion by the Distance Less Than 40~Mpc (DLT40) survey. Follow-up observations show that SN~2021gmj is a low-luminosity SN~II (LL~SN~II), with a peak magnitude $M_V = -15.45$ and Fe~II velocity of $\sim 1800 \ \mathrm{km} \ \mathrm{s}^{-1}$ at 50 days past explosion. Using the expanding photosphere method, we derive a distance of $17.8^{+0.6}_{-0.4}$~Mpc. From the tail of the light curve we obtain a radioactive nickel mass of $0.014 \pm 0.001$ M$_{\odot}$. The presence of circumstellar material (CSM) is suggested by the early-time light curve, early spectra, and high-velocity H$\alpha$ in absorption. Analytical shock-cooling models of the light curve cannot reproduce the fast rise, supporting the idea that the early-time emission is partially powered by the interaction of the SN ejecta and CSM. The inferred low CSM mass of 0.025 M$_{\odot}$ in our hydrodynamic-modeling light curve analysis is also consistent with our spectroscopy. We observe a broad feature near 4600 \AA, which may be high-ionization lines of C, N, or/and He~II. This feature is reproduced by radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of red supergiants with extended atmospheres. Several LL~SNe~II show similar spectral features, implying that high-density material around the progenitor may be common among them., Comment: Accepted version at ApJ
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- 2024
24. Phenotypic and genetic divergence in a cold-adapted grasshopper may lead to lineage-specific responses to rapid climate change
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Meza-Joya, Fabio Leonardo, Morgan-Richards, Mary, and Trewick, Steven A.
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- 2024
25. Characterization of production and commercialization systems of camedor palm (Chamaedorea elegans Mart.)
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Briones-Ruiz, Gregorio, Diaz-Jose, Julio, Leyva-Ovalle, Otto R., Avila-Castro, Jesus O., Murguia-Gonzalez, Joaquin, and Andres-Meza, Pablo
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- 2024
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26. LA INFLUENCIA DE LA ADOPCIÓN DE LA TELEMEDICINA Y LA ACREDITACIÓN DE LAS INSTALACIONES EN LA SATISFACCIÓN Y LOS RESULTADOS DE LOS PACIENTES: UN ESTUDIO CUASI EXPERIMENTAL EN UNA ZONA RURAL DE COLOMBIA
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De La Puente, Mario, Lugo Arias, Elkyn, Londoño Meza, Guillermo, and Perez Camerano, Camilo
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- 2024
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27. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Mimicking Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Hospitalized Children, Sonora, Mexico
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Alvarez-Hernandez, Gerardo, Rivera-Rosas, Cristian N., Calleja-Lopez, J.R. Tadeo, McCormick, David W., Paddock, Christopher D., Alvarez-Meza, Jehan Bonizu, and Correa-Morales, Fabian
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Sonora, Mexico -- Health aspects ,Rocky Mountain spotted fever -- Diagnosis -- Complications and side effects -- Comparative analysis ,Hospital patients ,Pediatric research ,Health ,Diagnosis ,Complications and side effects ,Comparative analysis ,Health aspects - Abstract
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), a tickbome disease caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, is the leading cause of death from rickettsial infections in the Western Hemisphere (1). The disease can progress [...]
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- 2024
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28. Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors for Headache After Elective Cranial Neurosurgery: Results from a Systematic Review of Efficacy of Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors for Headache After Acute Brain Injury
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Comparan, Hector David Meza, Khaliq, Anum, Frota, Luciola Martins, Pomar-Forero, Daniela, Ahmad, Bakhtawar, Marnet, Erica, Teixeira, Fernanda J. P., Thomas, Anita, Patel, Priyank, Brunkal, Haley, Singireddy, Saanvi, Lucke-Wold, Brandon, Maciel, Carolina B., and Busl, Katharina M.
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- 2024
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29. Toxic potential of the soil from sites with mining waste in San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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Díaz-Pérez, Romy Patricia, Sanjuan-Meza, Eleno Uriel, de Jesús Mejía-Saavedra, José, Ilizaliturri-Hernández, César Arturo, Razo-Soto, Israel, Berumen-Rodríguez, Alejandra Abigail, and Espinosa-Reyes, Guillermo
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- 2024
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30. Understanding factors limiting hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia patients in Mexico: a comprehensive analysis
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Solís-Armenta, Rubén, Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Sergio, Hernández-Pérez, Andrea Priscila, Paulina-Zapata, Nidia, Delgado, Nancy, Montano-Figueroa, Efreen H., Leyto, Faustino, Solís-Poblano, Juan Carlos, Gómez-De León, Andrés, Amador, Lauro Fabian, García-Castillo, Carolina, Martínez-Hernández, Ramon, Saldaña-Velazquez, Hugo Alexis, Valero-Saldaña, Luis Manuel, Terreros, Eduardo, Jimenez-Ochoa, Marco Alejandro, Milán-Salvatierra, Andrea, Colunga-Pedraza, Perla Rocío, Gómez-Almaguer, David, Alcivar, Luisa M., Apodaca-Chávez, Elia, Meza, Mario, Yocupicio, Fabiola, Sánchez-Díaz, Susana, and Demichelis-Gómez, Roberta
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- 2024
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31. Chemometric analysis using infrared spectroscopy and PCA-LDA for early diagnosis of Fusariumoxysporum in tomato
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García-Barrera, Laura J., Meza-Zamora, Stefani A., Noa-Carrazana, Juan C., and Delgado-Macuil, Raúl J.
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- 2024
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32. Suicide Prevention and Juvenile Re-Entry: Family as the Focal Point
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Snyder, Sean E., Daehnke, Jordyn, Cagande, Consuelo, and Meza, Jocelyn
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- 2024
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33. The influence of depression and anxiety on cognition in people with multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional analysis
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Freedman, David E., Oh, Jiwon, Kiss, Alex, Puopolo, Juliana, Wishart, Margaret, Meza, Cecilia, and Feinstein, Anthony
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- 2024
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34. Biochemical evaluation of the remediation of weathered and contaminated soil with heavy metals
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Martínez-Toledo, Ángeles, Espinosa-Reyes, Guillermo, González-Mille, Donaji J., SanJuan-Meza, Eleno U., and Ilizaliturri-Hernández, César A.
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- 2024
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35. The use of the juvenoid pyriproxyfen accelerates sexual maturity in mass-reared Anastrepha ludens tephritid males but reduces their tolerance to chilling and to starvation
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Arredondo, José, Aguirre-Medina, Juan F., Meza-Hernández, José S., Cancino, Jorge, and Díaz-Fleischer, Francisco
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- 2024
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36. Proximal humeral fractures: association between displacement and fatty degeneration of the supraspinatus muscle
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Peña-Martínez, Victor, Meza-Camacho, Jorge, Tamez-Mata, Yadira, Simental-Mendía, Mario, Villarreal-Villarreal, Gregorio, Salinas-Garza, Ricardo, and Acosta-Olivo, Carlos
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- 2024
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37. Study of the luminescence mechanism of gadolinium and yttrium oxide hosts for Eu3+ rare earth ion synthesized by sol-gel method assisted with oleic acid
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Armendáriz-Alonso, Edgar F., Meza, O., Villabona-Leal, E. G., and Pérez, Elías
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- 2024
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38. When Community Colleges Offer a Bachelor's Degree: A Literature Review on Student Access and Outcomes
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New America, Meza, Elizabeth, and Love, Ivy
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Community college bachelor's (CCB) programs have only existed for a few decades, yet now reach 25 states. Since 1989, both state policies allowing these programs and the number of CCB programs itself has grown steadily. A body of research on CCBs is growing in the wake of changing state policy and the growth of new programs. This literature review synthesizes research that addresses student access and outcomes in community college bachelor's programs. Key themes include graduates' racial and ethnic diversity, strong employment rates and wages for CCB graduates, and continued discussion regarding the place and purpose of CCBs in improving students' access to bachelor's degree programs and in facilitating bachelor's degree attainment.
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- 2023
39. How Charter Authorizers Shape Equity: A Cross-State Analysis of Charter Applications. Policy Brief
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National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice (REACH), Bulkley, Katrina, Lu, Amanda, Meza Fernandez, Kate, and Gerry, Alica
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While charter schools offer families additional choices for their children's educational experiences, they are not exempt from the racial and economic disparities deeply embedded in the American education system. Community leaders and educators often point to policies regarding curriculum, access, and instruction as areas of opportunity to rectify persistent inequities, but far less attention has been paid to the role of charter school authorizers, those entities who determine not only who can open a new charter school but also provide expectations and oversight for schools' academic and administrative operations. This study is one of the first to analyze the role of authorizers in advancing equity-focused charter schools. In this study, the authors assess authorizers' goals around equity and accessibility and how they signal these goals to organizations interested in opening charter schools. The findings highlight an overlooked point of leverage for policymakers and provide insight into how authorizers may play a significant but underestimated role in the mission, values, and planning of operating charter schools. [For the technical report, see ED625862.]
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- 2023
40. Charter Authorizing, Applications, and the Needs of Historically Marginalized Students: A Cross State Analysis. Technical Report
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National Center for Research on Education Access and Choice (REACH), Bulkley, Katrina E., Lu, Amanda, Meza Fernandez, Kate, and Gerry, Alica
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Charter school authorizers shape which charter schools open, where they open, and who they serve. We draw on principal agent theory to investigate how the priorities and practices of nine authorizers intersected with charter school applications' attention to the needs of historically marginalized students. Using data from interviews and applications, we find authorizers vary in orientations towards equity and the ways in which they signal that orientation to charter applicants. Our analysis suggests a robust relationship between authorizer mission and the content found in charter applications, demonstrating the influence of authorizing practices on the contents of charter school applications. [For the policy brief, see ED625865.]
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- 2023
41. 'Pintando' a Hispanic Serving Institution: The Influence of Muralism on Chicanx/Latinx Student Experience at the University of California HSI Campuses
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Meza, Alexis
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Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs) are federally designated universities whose undergraduate enrollment is 25% Chicanx/Latinx -identifying students ("Excelencia in Education," 2019). The University of California has emerged as a Hispanic-Serving System (HSI-System), having recently enrolled its most diverse freshman class. In this context, it is important for educational practitioners to reevaluate traditional structures of servingness to tangible, observable, non-academic outcomes, and experiences. Garcia's et. al (2019c) "Multidimensional conceptual framework of servingness in HSIs," provides a path to centering Chicanx/Latinx students' histories, cultures, languages, and experiences as a disruption of the historically white normative environment at Hispanic-serving postsecondary institutions. This literature review will expand on the "Multidimensional conceptual framework of servingness in HSIs" (Garcia et al., 2019c), to include an additional component of 'Muralism' that decolonizes the physical environment and infrastructure of an HSI through an anti-racist and anti-colonial lens. Research has shown that murals present feelings of 'home' and 'belonging' for students (Serrano, 2022; Garcia & Zaragoza, 2020). Through archival methodology, very few UC campuses have murals that center on the experiences, culture, and diversity of Chicanx/Latinx students. Before the University of California System can be self-designated a Hispanic Serving System, the UC must critically reflect, freedom dream, and transform the physical infrastructure of its institutions with murals to center the voices, experiences, and history of Chicanx/Latinx students at HSIs.
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- 2023
42. Community Members Perceptions of a Resource-Rich Well-Being Website in California During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Thematic Analysis.
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Heilemann, MarySue, Lai, Jianchao, Cadiz, Madonna, Meza, Jocelyn, Flores Romero, Daniela, and Wells, Kenneth
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COVID-19 ,California ,adaptation ,digital ,emotions ,health resources ,humans ,mental health ,pandemics ,prevention ,psychological ,public health ,qualitative research ,stigma ,website - Abstract
BACKGROUND: To address needs for emotional well-being resources for Californians during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Together for Wellness/Juntos por Nuestro Bienestar (T4W/Juntos) website was developed in collaboration with multiple community partners across California, funded by the California Department of Health Care Services Behavioral Health Division federal emergency response. OBJECTIVE: This qualitative study was designed to explore and describe the perspectives of participants affiliated with California organizations on the T4W/Juntos website, understand their needs for web-based emotional health resources, and inform iterative website development. METHODS: After providing informed consent and reviewing the website, telephone interviews were conducted with 29 participants (n=21, 72% in English and n=8, 28% in Spanish) recruited by partnering community agencies (October 2021-February 2022). A 6-phase thematic analysis was conducted, enhanced using grounded theory techniques. The investigators wrote reflexive memos and performed line-by-line coding of 12 transcripts. Comparative analyses led to the identification of 15 overarching codes. The ATLAS.ti Web software (ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH) was used to mark all 29 transcripts using these codes. After examining the data grouped by codes, comparative analyses led to the identification of main themes, each with a central organizing concept. RESULTS: Four main themes were identified: (1) having to change my coping due to the pandemic, (2) confronting a context of shifting perceptions of mental health stigma among diverse groups, (3) Feels like home-experiencing a sense of inclusivity and belonging in T4W/Juntos, and (4) Its a one-stop-shop-judging T4W/Juntos to be a desirable and useful website. Overall, the T4W/Juntos website communicated support and community to this sample during the pandemic. Participants shared suggestions for website improvement, including adding a back button and a drop-down menu to improve functionality as well as resources tailored to the needs of groups such as older adults; adolescents; the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer community; police officers; and veterans. CONCLUSIONS: The qualitative findings from telephone interviews with this sample of community members and service providers in California suggest that, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the T4W/Juntos website was well received as a useful, accessible tool, with some concerns noted such as language sometimes being too professional or clinical. The look, feel, and content of the website were described as welcoming due to pictures, animations, and videos that showcased resources in a personal, colorful, and inviting way. Furthermore, the content was perceived as lacking the stigma typically attached to mental health, reflecting the commitment of the T4W/Juntos team. Unique features and diverse resources, including multiple languages, made the T4W/Juntos website a valuable resource, potentially informing dissemination. Future efforts to develop mental health websites should consider engaging a diverse sample of potential users to understand how to tailor messages to specific communities and help reduce stigma.
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- 2024
43. Tailor: Altering Skip Connections for Resource-Efficient Inference.
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Weng, Olivia, Marcano, Gabriel, Loncar, Vladimir, Khodamoradi, Alireza, Abarajithan, G, Sheybani, Nojan, Meza, Andres, Koushanfar, Farinaz, Denolf, Kristof, Duarte, Javier Mauricio, and Kastner, Ryan
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- 2024
44. Delivering integrated strategies from a mobile unit to address the intertwining epidemics of HIV and addiction in people who inject drugs: the HPTN 094 randomized controlled trial protocol (the INTEGRA Study).
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Hanscom, Brett, Smith, Laramie, Andrew, Philip, Kuo, Irene, Lake, Jordan, Metzger, David, Morrison, Ellen, Cummings, Melissa, Fogel, Jessica, Richardson, Paul, Harris, Jayla, Heitner, Jesse, Stansfield, Sarah, El-Bassel, Nabila, Goodman-Meza, David, and Shoptaw, Steven
- Subjects
Humans ,Pharmaceutical Preparations ,Substance Abuse ,Intravenous ,Drug Users ,HIV Infections ,Sexually Transmitted Diseases ,Opioid-Related Disorders ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Persons with opioid use disorders who inject drugs (PWID) in the United States (US) face multiple and intertwining health risks. These include interference with consistent access, linkage, and retention to health care including medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD), HIV prevention using pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), and testing and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Most services, when available, including those that address substance misuse, HIV prevention, and STIs, are often provided in multiple locations that may be difficult to access, which further challenges sustained health for PWID. HPTN 094 (INTEGRA) is a study designed to test the efficacy of an integrated, whole-person strategy that provides integrated HIV prevention including antiretroviral therapy (ART), PrEP, MOUD, and STI testing and treatment from a mobile health delivery unit (mobile unit) with peer navigation compared to peer navigation alone to access these services at brick and mortar locations. METHODS: HPTN 094 (INTEGRA) is a two-arm, randomized controlled trial in 5 US cities where approximately 400 PWID without HIV are assigned either to an experimental condition that delivers 26 weeks of one-stop integrated health services combined with peer navigation and delivered in a mobile unit or to an active control condition using peer navigation only for 26 weeks to the same set of services delivered in community settings. The primary outcomes include being alive and retained in MOUD and PrEP at 26 weeks post-randomization. Secondary outcomes measure the durability of intervention effects at 52 weeks following randomization. DISCUSSION: This trial responds to a need for evidence on using a whole-person strategy for delivering integrated HIV prevention and substance use treatment, while testing the use of a mobile unit that meets out-of-treatment PWID wherever they might be and links them to care systems and/or harm reduction services. Findings will be important in guiding policy for engaging PWID in HIV prevention or care, substance use treatment, and STI testing and treatment by addressing the intertwined epidemics of addiction and HIV among those who have many physical and geographic barriers to access care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04804072 . Registered on 18 March 2021.
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- 2024
45. Enantioselective nickel-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck cyclizations of amide electrophiles.
- Author
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Bulger, Ana, Nasrallah, Daniel, Tena Meza, Arismel, and Garg, Neil
- Abstract
Amide cross-couplings that rely on C-N bond activation by transition metal catalysts have emerged as valuable synthetic tools. Despite numerous discoveries in this field, no catalytic asymmetric variants have been disclosed to date. Herein, we demonstrate the first such transformation, which is the Mizoroki-Heck cyclization of amide substrates using asymmetric nickel catalysis. This proof-of-concept study provides an entryway to complex enantioenriched polycyclic scaffolds and advances the field of amide C-N bond activation chemistry.
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- 2024
46. Impact of Potential Case Misclassification by Administrative Diagnostic Codes on Outcome Assessment of Observational Study for People Who Inject Drugs.
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Goodman-Meza, David, Goto, Michihiko, Salimian, Anabel, Bui, Alex, Gordon, Adam, Goetz, Matthew, and Shoptaw, Steven
- Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Initiation of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) within the hospital setting may improve outcomes for people who inject drugs (PWID) hospitalized because of an infection. Many studies used International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes to identify PWID, although these may be misclassified and thus, inaccurate. We hypothesized that bias from misclassification of PWID using ICD codes may impact analyses of MOUD outcomes. METHODS: We analyzed a cohort of 36 868 cases of patients diagnosed with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia at 124 US Veterans Health Administration hospitals between 2003 and 2014. To identify PWID, we implemented an ICD code-based algorithm and a natural language processing (NLP) algorithm for classification of admission notes. We analyzed outcomes of prescribing MOUD as an inpatient using both approaches. Our primary outcome was 365-day all-cause mortality. We fit mixed-effects Cox regression models with receipt or not of MOUD during the index hospitalization as the primary predictor and 365-day mortality as the outcome. RESULTS: NLP identified 2389 cases as PWID, whereas ICD codes identified 6804 cases as PWID. In the cohort identified by NLP, receipt of inpatient MOUD was associated with a protective effect on 365-day survival (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, .29-.81; P < .01) compared with those not receiving MOUD. There was no significant effect of MOUD receipt in the cohort identified by ICD codes (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, .77-1.30; P = .99). CONCLUSIONS: MOUD was protective of all-cause mortality when NLP was used to identify PWID, but not significant when ICD codes were used to identify the analytic subjects.
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- 2024
47. Fibrin promotes oxidative stress and neuronal loss in traumatic brain injury via innate immune activation
- Author
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Dean, Terry, Mendiola, Andrew S, Yan, Zhaoqi, Meza-Acevedo, Rosa, Cabriga, Belinda, Akassoglou, Katerina, and Ryu, Jae Kyu
- Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Immunology ,Traumatic Head and Spine Injury ,Hematology ,Neurosciences ,Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects ,Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) ,Brain Disorders ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,1.1 Normal biological development and functioning ,Underpinning research ,Aetiology ,Neurological ,Humans ,Mice ,Animals ,Fibrin ,Brain Injuries ,Traumatic ,Fibrinogen ,Immunity ,Innate ,Oxidative Stress ,Mice ,Inbred C57BL ,Clinical Sciences ,Neurology & Neurosurgery - Abstract
BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) causes significant blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, resulting in the extravasation of blood proteins into the brain. The impact of blood proteins, especially fibrinogen, on inflammation and neurodegeneration post-TBI is not fully understood, highlighting a critical gap in our comprehension of TBI pathology and its connection to innate immune activation.MethodsWe combined vascular casting with 3D imaging of solvent-cleared organs (uDISCO) to study the spatial distribution of the blood coagulation protein fibrinogen in large, intact brain volumes and assessed the temporal regulation of the fibrin(ogen) deposition by immunohistochemistry in a murine model of TBI. Fibrin(ogen) deposition and innate immune cell markers were co-localized by immunohistochemistry in mouse and human brains after TBI. We assessed the role of fibrinogen in TBI using unbiased transcriptomics, flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry for innate immune and neuronal markers in Fggγ390-396A knock-in mice, which express a mutant fibrinogen that retains normal clotting function, but lacks the γ390-396 binding motif to CD11b/CD18 integrin receptor.ResultsWe show that cerebral fibrinogen deposits were associated with activated innate immune cells in both human and murine TBI. Genetic elimination of fibrin-CD11b interaction reduced peripheral monocyte recruitment and the activation of inflammatory and reactive oxygen species (ROS) gene pathways in microglia and macrophages after TBI. Blockade of the fibrin-CD11b interaction was also protective from oxidative stress damage and cortical loss after TBI.ConclusionsThese data suggest that fibrinogen is a regulator of innate immune activation and neurodegeneration in TBI. Abrogating post-injury neuroinflammation by selective blockade of fibrin's inflammatory functions may have implications for long-term neurologic recovery following brain trauma.
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- 2024
48. fkPT: Constraining scale-dependent modified gravity with the full-shape galaxy power spectrum
- Author
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Rodriguez-Meza, Mario A., Aviles, Alejandro, Noriega, Hernan E., Ruan, Cheng-Zong, Li, Baojiu, Vargas-Magaña, Mariana, and Cervantes-Cota, Jorge L.
- Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology - Abstract
Modified gravity models with scale-dependent linear growth typically exhibit an enhancement in the power spectrum beyond a certain scale. The conventional methods for extracting cosmological information usually involve inferring modified gravity effects via Redshift Space Distortions (RSD), particularly through the time evolution of $f\sigma_8$. However, classical galaxy RSD clustering analyses encounter difficulties in accurately capturing the spectrum's enhanced power, which is better obtained from the broad-band power spectrum. In this sense, full-shape analyses aim to consider survey data using comprehensive and precise models of the whole power spectrum. Yet, a major challenge in this approach is the slow computation of non-linear loop integrals for scale-dependent modified gravity, precluding the estimation of cosmological parameters using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. Based on recent studies, in this work we develop a perturbation theory tailored for Modified Gravity, or analogous scenarios introducing additional scales, such as in the presence of massive neutrinos. Our approach only needs the calculation of the scale-dependent growth rate $f(k,t)$ and the limit of the perturbative kernels at large scales. We called this approximate technique as fk-Perturbation Theory and implemented it into the code fkpt, capable of computing the redshift space galaxy power spectrum in a fraction of a second. We validate our modeling and code with the $f(R)$ theory MG-GLAM and General Relativity NSeries sets of simulations. The code is available at https://github.com/alejandroaviles/fkpt, Comment: 34 pages, 9 figures. v2
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- 2023
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49. Using multicomponent recycled electronic waste alloys to produce high entropy alloys
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Torralba, Jose M., Iriarte, Diego, Tourret, Damien, and Meza, Alberto
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science - Abstract
The amount of electronic waste (e-waste) recycled worldwide is less than 20% of the total amount produced. In a world where the need for critical and strategic metals is increasing almost exponentially, it is unacceptable that tons of these elements remain unrecycled. One of the causes of this low level of recycling is that recycling is based on an expensive and complex selective sorting of metals. Extracting all metals simultaneously is much simpler and if this were done, it would significantly increase the recycling rate. Meanwhile, it was demonstrated that high entropy alloys (HEAs), which are in great demand in applications where very high performance is required, can be made from mixtures of complex alloys, hence reducing their dependence on pure critical metals. Here, we show that it is possible to obtain competitive HEAs from complex alloy mixtures corresponding to typical electronic waste compositions, combining two needs of high interest in our society, namely: to increase the level of recycling of electronic waste and the possibility of developing high-performance HEAs without the need of using critical and/or strategic metals. To validate our hypothesis that e-waste can be used to produce competitive HEAs, we propose an alloy design strategy combining computational thermodynamics (CalPhaD) exploration of phase diagrams and phenomenological criteria for HEA design based on thermodynamic and structural parameters. A shortlist of selected compositions are then fabricated by arc melting ensuring compositional homogeneity of such complex alloys and, finally, characterised microstructurally, using electron microscopy and diffraction analysis, and mechanically, using hardness testing.
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- 2023
50. ChimpACT: A Longitudinal Dataset for Understanding Chimpanzee Behaviors
- Author
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Ma, Xiaoxuan, Kaufhold, Stephan P., Su, Jiajun, Zhu, Wentao, Terwilliger, Jack, Meza, Andres, Zhu, Yixin, Rossano, Federico, and Wang, Yizhou
- Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Abstract
Understanding the behavior of non-human primates is crucial for improving animal welfare, modeling social behavior, and gaining insights into distinctively human and phylogenetically shared behaviors. However, the lack of datasets on non-human primate behavior hinders in-depth exploration of primate social interactions, posing challenges to research on our closest living relatives. To address these limitations, we present ChimpACT, a comprehensive dataset for quantifying the longitudinal behavior and social relations of chimpanzees within a social group. Spanning from 2015 to 2018, ChimpACT features videos of a group of over 20 chimpanzees residing at the Leipzig Zoo, Germany, with a particular focus on documenting the developmental trajectory of one young male, Azibo. ChimpACT is both comprehensive and challenging, consisting of 163 videos with a cumulative 160,500 frames, each richly annotated with detection, identification, pose estimation, and fine-grained spatiotemporal behavior labels. We benchmark representative methods of three tracks on ChimpACT: (i) tracking and identification, (ii) pose estimation, and (iii) spatiotemporal action detection of the chimpanzees. Our experiments reveal that ChimpACT offers ample opportunities for both devising new methods and adapting existing ones to solve fundamental computer vision tasks applied to chimpanzee groups, such as detection, pose estimation, and behavior analysis, ultimately deepening our comprehension of communication and sociality in non-human primates., Comment: NeurIPS 2023
- Published
- 2023
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