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The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) is a UV/VIS/NIR/SWIR non-scanning nadir viewing imaging spectrometer that combines a wide swath (110°) with high spatial resolution (8 x 8 km). Its main heritages are from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and from SCIAMACHY. Since its launch in 2004 OMI has been providing, on a daily basis and on a global scale, a wealth of data on ozone, NO 2 and minor trace gases, aeros ols and local pollution, a scanning spectrometer launched in 2004. The TROPOMI UV/VIS/NIR and SWIR heritage is a combination of OMI and SCIAMACHY. In the framework of development programs for a follow-up mission for the successful Ozone Monitoring Instrument, we have developed the so-called TROPOMI Integrated Development Environment. This is a GRID based software simulation tool for OMI follow-up missions. It includes scene generation, an instrument simulator, a level 0-1b processing chain, as well as several level 1b-2 processing chai ns. In addition it contains an error-analyzer, i.e. a tool to feedback the level 2 results to th e input of the scene generator. The paper gives a description of the TROPOMI instrument and focuses on design aspects as well as on the performance, as tested in the end-to-end development environment TIDE. Keywords: TROPOMI, Air Quality, Grid Assist, TIDE, spectrograph

In 2007 TNO started to fly some sensors on an unmanned helicopter platform. These sensors included RGB, B/W and thermal infrared cameras. In 2008 a spectrometer was added. The goal for 2010 is to be able to offer a low altitude flying platform including several sensors. Development of these sensors will take place the next years. Since the total weight of the payload should be < 7kg, the weight requirements for the individual sensors will be quite strict. Applications include gas concentrations, water quality, pipelines, etc. Collaboration still is possible. Combining the information of several sensor systems is a difficult task. The first steps have been performed in 2007 where RGB and thermal infrared images have been combined together with the coordinates of the platform itself. The offline data processing includes stitching video images and classification, and correcting for instability of the helicopter itself. As environmental regulation will become even more strict than today, it is expected that high spatial resolution sensors that can measure pollution near highways and urban areas, water quality of rivers and lakes, find and track pollution sources etcetera are key systems in the near future. In September 2007 and April 2008 flight campaigns have been carried out, demonstrating two applications of the system. These include the detection of inland salty water, and the detection of benthic diatoms on an estuarine tidal flat. The results of the two cases are discussed.

The TROPOMI instrument concept is part of the TRAQ mission proposal to ESA in response to the Call for Ideas in 2005. TRAQ (TRopospheric composition and Air Quality) has been accepted for a further pre-phase A study for the next Earth Explorer core Mission. A very similar instrument has been proposed for the CAMEO platform to the US National Research Council decadal study, which has also been accepted for further study. TROPOMI is a nadir-viewing grating-based imaging spectrometer using the Dutch OMI and SCIAMACHY heritage. It includes an UV-VIS-NIR module that consists of three UV-VIS channels continuously covering the 270-490 nm range to determine O3, NO2, HCHO, SO 2, aerosols and a NIR-channel covering 710-775 nm for cloud detection and information on the aerosol height distribution using the oxygen A band. TROPOMI also includes a SWIR module covering 2305-2385 nm that mainly focuses on determination of CO and CH4 total columns. All species are measured with sensitivity down to the Earth's surface, thus addressing issues of anthropogenic emissions and their impact on air quality and climate. In the TRAQ mission, unique diurnal time sampling with up to 5 daytime observations over midlatitude regions (Europe, North-America, China) is foreseen by using a non-sun-synchronous, medium-inclination drifting orbit and a 2600 km wide observational swath. Several more general aspects related to the TROPOMI instrument are discussed in a separate paper in this conference. This paper focuses on the development of the SWIR module. A breadboard model (BBM) has been designed and constructed which is as much as possible functionally flight representative. Critical technologies to be demonstrated with the BBM are the SWIR HgCdTe-based 2D focal plane array, the on-board SWIR calibration LED, and in particular, the SRON/TNO developed silicon-based immersed grating that allows a hugely reduced instrument volume. In the presentation the results of a performance analysis of the TROPOMI-S WIR channel will be discussed, as well as results of the detector characterization program on a representative off-the-shelf FPA, and details of the photolithographic production of the immersed grating. U7 - Export Date: 2 August 2010 U7 - Source: Scopus U7 - Art. No.: 67441T

第5回全球降水観測(GPM)計画国際ワークショップ (2005年11月7-9日. 品川プリンスホテル), 港区, 東京, The 5th GPM International Planning Workshop (November 7-9, 2005. Shinagawa Prince Hotel), Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Satellite observation of precipitation is of high priority for understanding of atmospheric processes and of the global water cycle, for monitoring of climate trend and for meteorology. EGPM focuses its observation on precipitation at high latitude with optimised performance for quantifying light liquid and solid precipitations. This places high sensitivity requirements on high frequency channels, i.e. 54 and 118 GHz sounding channels, and 89 and 150 GHz window channels. Specific technology risk retirement activities have been started on critical components such as 54/118 GHz dual-frequency horn and 89 GHz direct-detection receiver. Those mm-wave components are also the key building blocks for the MW imager/sounder to be flown on board the next generation of low Earth orbit meteorological satellites (post-EPS mission), which shall replace the MetOp series. The preparation for the post-EPS mission, to be flown in 2018, has started in cooperation with EUMETSAT, and a number of alternative radiometer concepts have been studied by ESA, starting from a compact atmospheric sounder up to a combined imager/sounder. A brief presentation of those studied radiometer concepts will be given. Observation of precipitation for meteorological applications generally requires high temporal resolution in the order of 15 min. or shorter. The user consultation for the Meteosat Third Generation (MTG), to be flown starting in 2015, identified precipitation as high priority product. For such nowcasting and very short-range forecasting applications, only geostationary (GEO) satellites can provide observation with high temporal resolution. Thus, a geostationary microwave imager/sounder concept was studied at the request of EUMETSAT. Two competing concepts were proposed: a reflector-based, scanning single aperture radiometer covering a frequency range from 118 to 380 GHz; and a rotating synthetic aperture radiometer covering 54 to 380 GHz. The single aperture concept requires a large reflector of 3 to 4 m size diameter for achieving an acceptable spatial resolution at 36000 km altitude, the upper size limit being constrained by the launcher fairing diameter. The synthetic aperture concept on the other hand could accommodate an equivalent aperture diameter of 8 m, achieving a good spatial resolution even at 54 GHz at the cost of more complex design with large number of receivers and correlators. The main drawback of observation over high latitude region (e.g. northern European countries) from GEO is the high incidence-angle, which degrades the effective spatial resolution and increases the atmospheric opacity, especially at mm- and sub-mm-wave frequencies. For avoiding those drawbacks, a concept of elliptical medium Earth orbit (EMEO) observatory was also studied. A highly inclined EMEO with apogee at 27000 km (8 hours Molniya) was found optimum for covering Europe, North America and China, providing 6 hours daily coverage per region. Due to a lower orbit altitude in comparison to GEO, the aperture size could be reduced for a same spatial resolution, or alternatively the same aperture size may be used for an improved spatial resolution., 形態: カラー図版あり, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, 資料番号: AD1610014008