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Sexual violence against women is a human rights violation and public health concern, with serious Implications for women's physical and mental health. Reducing non-partner sexual violence, including rape, sexual assault and other forms of non- contact sexual abuse, is one of the main indicators of the sustainable development goals. World Health Organization estimates, based on available prevalence data from 137 countries between 2000 and 2018, showed that, globally, 6% of women aged 15-49 years reported experiencing sexual violence in their lifetime from someone other than an intimate partner, with prevalence rates varying across regions. However, the reporting, measurement and documentation of the global extent of non-partner sexual violence against women is methodologically challenging, resulting in a gross underestimation of its magnitude and impact. To prevent and respond to this issue, policy-makers must consider interventions on education, access to relevant health-care services, public awareness, and effective and comprehensive legislation. To better estimate the prevalence of both sexual violence overall and non-partner sexual violence, it is essential to continue to strengthen the measurement of non-partner sexual violence, including the types of acts asked about and the mode of interviewing. Further research is needed to understand the cumulative impact of different forms of sexual violence on the lives of women and girls, including sexual violence during childhood and its associated risk with further exposure. Funding is required for more research and implementation of interventions to prevent and reduce all forms of violence against women and girls, including sexual violence. Les violences sexuelles a l'egard des femmes constituent une violation des droits humains et un probleme de sante publique qui ont de graves repercussions sur la sante physique et mentale des femmes. La reduction des violences sexuelles qui ne sont pas le fait d'un(e) partenaire, y compris le viol, l'agression sexuelle et d'autres formes d'abus sexuels sans contact, est l'un des principaux indicateurs des objectifs de developpement durable. Selon les estimations de l'Organisation mondiale de la sante, qui se fonde sur les donnees de prevalence disponibles dans 137 pays entre 2000 et 2018, 6% des femmes agees de 15 a 49 ans dans le monde ont declare avoir subi des violences sexuelles au cours de leur vie de la part d'une personne autre qu'un(e) partenaire intime, les taux de prevalence variant d'une region a l'autre. Toutefois, la declaration, la mesure et la documentation de l'ampleur mondiale des violences sexuelles a l'egard des femmes qui n'impliquent pas de partenaire sont difficilement realisables sur le plan methodologique, ce qui entraine une sous-estimation flagrante de leur ampleur et de leur impact. Pour prevenir et pallier ce probleme, les decideurs politiques doivent envisager des interventions dans les domaines de l'education, de l'acces a des soins de sante appropries, de la sensibilisation du public et de l'adoption d'une legislation efficace et complete. Afin de mieux estimer la prevalence des violences sexuelles en general et des violences sexuelles qui ne sont pas le fait d'un(e) partenaire en particulier, il est essentiel de continuer a renforcer la mesure de ce dernier type de violences sexuelles, notamment en ce qui concerne les types d'actes sur lesquels portent les questions et le mode d'interrogation. Des recherches supplementaires s'imposent pour comprendre l'impact cumulatif des differentes formes de violences sexuelles sur la vie des femmes et des filles, y compris les violences sexuelles subies pendant l'enfance et les risques associes a une exposition ulterieure. La recherche sur les interventions visant a empecher et a reduire toutes les formes de violences a l'egard des femmes et des filles, y compris les violences sexuelles, et leur mise en oeuvre doivent etre davantage financees. La violencia sexual contra las mujeres es una violacion de los derechos humanos y un problema de salud publica, con graves consecuencias para la salud fisica y mental de las mujeres. Reducir la violencia sexual fuera de la pareja, incluidas las violaciones, las agresiones sexuales y otras formas de abuso sexual sin contacto, es uno de los principales indicadores de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. Las estimaciones de la Organizacion Mundial de la Salud, basadas en los datos de prevalencia disponibles de 137 paises entre 2000 y 2018, mostraron que, a nivel mundial, el 6% de las mujeres de 15 a 49 anos informaron haber sufrido violencia sexual en su vida por parte de alguien que no era su pareja, con tasas de prevalencia que varian segun las regiones. Sin embargo, la presentacion de informes, la medicion y la documentacion del alcance mundial de la violencia sexual contra las mujeres fuera de la pareja es metodologicamente dificil, lo que resulta en una gran subestimacion de su magnitud e impacto. Para prevenir y responder a este problema, los responsables de formular las politicas deben considerar la posibilidad de intervenir en la educacion, el acceso a los servicios sanitarios pertinentes, la concienciacion publica y una legislacion eficaz y exhaustiva. Para estimar mejor la prevalencia tanto de la violencia sexual en general como de la violencia sexual fuera de la pareja, es esencial seguir reforzando la medicion de esta ultima, incluidos los tipos de actos sobre los que se pregunta y el modo de entrevista. Se requiere mas investigacion para comprender el impacto acumulativo de las diferentes formas de violencia sexual en la vida de las mujeres y las ninas, incluida la violencia sexual durante la infancia y su riesgo asociado con una mayor exposicion. Se requiere financiacion para investigar mas e implementar intervenciones que prevengan y reduzcan todas las formas de violencia contra mujeres y ninas, incluida la violencia sexual., Introduction Sexual violence against women is a human rights violation and public health concern worldwide. (1,2) Such violence can occur in many circumstances and settings: within the home, in public [...]

Individuals from conflict-affected countries, such as Iraq, face formidable challenges when they resettle in the United States. Drawing from intersectionality theory, we explore the lived experiences of adolescent boys and girls from Iraq who have resettled in Texas and Virginia. In this qualitative study, we focus on the school as an institution that is positioned to enforce, or to combat, systemic and interpersonal inequalities among young refugees, especially in terms of gender and race. Our thematic analysis identifies the ways their interactions with teachers, peers, and family in the school context have shaped the socialization of these adolescent boys and girls from Iraq. The study findings reflect the importance of understanding how education settings can affect the intersectional experiences of conflict-affected youth who have resettled in the United States.

Author(s): Chen Reis 1,*, Sarah R. Meyer 2 Femicide-the intentional killing of women and girls because of their gender [1]-is an extreme manifestation of violence against women and girls rooted [...]

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a highly prevalent public health challenge and human rights violation. Sociological theories address social structures to understand prevalence and dynamics of IPV against women. This systematic review aims (1) to identify, describe, categorize, and synthesize sociological theories that account for predictors of IPV against women, and (2) to compare and contrast sociological theories of predictors of IPV against women. Following a structured search of nine electronic databases, members of the review team screened title/abstract and full texts against inclusion and exclusion criteria, to identify studies that engaged with theory/ies of predictors of IPV. Review team members extracted data according to a data extraction template developed for the review. Results are presented using a narrative synthesis approach. Following review of 108 included articles, included articles were grouped into sub-theories. The sub-theories provide differing, yet overlapping, accounts of predictors of male perpetration of IPV and women's experience of IPV. Sociological theories primarily engage with exo- and macro-system levels of the social-ecological framework, yet some also address structural influences on individual behaviors. This systematic review fills a gap in theoretical syntheses of sociological theories of predictors of male-perpetrated IPV against women and also provides critical analysis of how these theories overlap and intersect. While sociological theories may not be able to fully explain all aspects of dynamics of male-perpetrated IPV against women, this overview indicates that there are several compelling components of sociological theory that hold explanatory power for comprehending how, where, and why IPV occurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes sex trafficking and associations with violence and health among female migrants in the sex industry in Mae Sot, Thailand. The mixed-methods study included a qualitative interview phase (n = 10), followed by a cross-sectional survey phase (n = 128). Entry via trafficking (force, fraud, or coercion [FFC], or as minors) was prevalent (76.6%), primarily FFC (73.4%). FFC was associated with inconsistent condom use, inability to refuse clients, poor health, and anxiety. Past-year violence was normative including client sexual violence (66.4%), client coercion for condom nonuse (> 95%), and police extortion (56%). Working conditions enabled violence irrespective of mode of entry. Profound unmet needs exist for safety and access to justice irrespective of trafficking history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe human rights violations against migrant workers at the Thailand–Myanmar border, and evaluate differences by gender and industry. This mixed methods study pairs key informant interviews (n = 40) with a cross-sectional quantitative survey of migrant workers from Myanmar (n = 589) recruited via respondent-driven sampling. Key informants described significant hazards during migration, including deception, theft, and physical and sexual abuse, the latter primarily for women. Quantitative results confirmed prevalent mistreatment and abuse, with significant gender differences, most notably women's disproportionate burden of sexual abuse. Current evidence on the nature of experiences, and significant differences by gender, can position prevention and response programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migrant workers from Burma[The offici] often experience exploitation, abuse and violations at various stages of travel to and within Thailand and in workplaces in Thailand. Guided by Zimmerman et al.'s conceptual framework, which identifies the potential risks associated with trafficking process, this article presents findings from in-depth interviews with 61 migrant workers living and working in and around Mae Sot, Thailand, on the Thailand-Burma border, to describe the broader context of irregular migration from Burma to Thailand, and trafficking-related risks in this context. Results demonstrate that use of transporters ('carries') and brokers in order to travel to Thailand and find employment can enable trafficking. Moreover, migrant workers are exposed to a range of exploitative experiences in workplaces in Thailand, including violence, coercion, and economic exploitation. This article explores dynamics of migration that can enable trafficking in this context, as well as exploitative working conditions consistent with forced labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence indicates that women with disabilities are at heightened risk of experiencing intimate partner violence [IPV], although the mechanisms through which disability acts as a risk factor for IPV are unclear, and evidence is limited. This study aimed at describing the prevalence of disability and its association with IPV amongst women. Methods: 867 women completed a structured questionnaire that included measures of physical, sexual, emotional, and economic IPV and controlling behaviours from the WHO Multi-Country Study instrument. Levels of disability (low, medium, high, and severe) were categorised based on responses to the Washington Group Short Set questions covering vision, hearing, mobility, cognition, self-care, and communication. We fitted binary logistic regression models to determine the association of experiencing IPV according to disability level and type of disability. Results: The prevalence of physical, sexual, emotional, economic IPV and controlling behaviour was 17.3%, 15.0%, 48.0%, 39.1% and 66.8% respectively. While for disability; low=46%, medium=19%, high=8% and severe=0.3%. Across all levels of disability, we found significant associations with different types of IPV. For example, women who reported a medium level of disability were significantly more likely to experience physical and sexual IPV [AOR: 1.45, 95%CI: 1.02 -- 2.07] than women who did not report any disability. Sexual and economic IPV were consistently associated with several levels and types of disability. Women reported having a cognitive disability had significantly higher odds of experiencing all forms of IPV, with the highest odds being exposure to economic IPV [AOR: 2.18, 95%CI: 1.50 -- 3.18]. In contrast, vision disability was not significantly associated with any type of violence. Conclusions and recommendation: Our findings suggest that specific types of disability may be associated with an elevated risk of IPV exposure, indicating the need for nuanced measurement and analysis of the association between disability and IPV. Given low levels of severe disability identified in this study and other studies in LMIC, there is a need for dedicated surveys to assess different types and levels of disability and IPV risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual violence against women is a human rights violation and public health concern, with serious implications for women's physical and mental health. Reducing non-partner sexual violence, including rape, sexual assault and other forms of non-contact sexual abuse, is one of the main indicators of the sustainable development goals. World Health Organization estimates, based on available prevalence data from 137 countries between 2000 and 2018, showed that, globally, 6% of women aged 15-49 years reported experiencing sexual violence in their lifetime from someone other than an intimate partner, with prevalence rates varying across regions. However, the reporting, measurement and documentation of the global extent of non-partner sexual violence against women is methodologically challenging, resulting in a gross underestimation of its magnitude and impact. To prevent and respond to this issue, policy-makers must consider interventions on education, access to relevant health-care services, public awareness, and effective and comprehensive legislation. To better estimate the prevalence of both sexual violence overall and non-partner sexual violence, it is essential to continue to strengthen the measurement of non-partner sexual violence, including the types of acts asked about and the mode of interviewing. Further research is needed to understand the cumulative impact of different forms of sexual violence on the lives of women and girls, including sexual violence during childhood and its associated risk with further exposure. Funding is required for more research and implementation of interventions to prevent and reduce all forms of violence against women and girls, including sexual violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]