Search

This article underlines another aspect of New Age spirituality developed in Mexico: although emerging from the Global North, it is also a matrix that gives value to those elements excluded by modernity and produces decolonial critiques and deconstructions from the Global South. The authors analyse four strands of neo-Mexican spirituality in which the decolonial perspective is corroborated: (1) the rise of post-national ethnic nations; (2) the criticism of patriarchy and the emergence of ecofeminist spiritualities; (3) the critique of capitalism and the alternatives of sustainable economy; and (4) the consumption of sacred plants and medicines as a spot where the struggle of indigenous ontologies and modern epistemologies takes place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2005, Mexico has developed a national climate policy aligned with internationally defined parameters. In this article, we analyze the vertical and horizontal coherences in the process of institutionalization of climate policy during the period 1992–2018 in the Usumacinta River Basin, based on the review of laws and actions implemented at national scale, as well as by the federal states and municipalities. The analysis shows vertical coherence at the national-international scale, as well as at the legal level in the state of Chiapas. In terms of horizontal coherence, it points to a series of incoherencies in the state's legal framework and in concrete actions at the river basin scale linked to the vertical incoherencies between the national scale and states located in the river basin. Desde 2005, México ha desarrollado una política climática nacional acorde con los parámetros definidos en el ámbito internacional. En este artículo analizamos las coherencias verticales y horizontales en el proceso de institucionalización de la política climática durante el periodo 1992–2018 en la cuenca del río Usumacinta a partir de la revisión de leyes y acciones implementadas a escala nacional, así como de los estados federados y municipios. El análisis evidencia coherencias verticales a escala nacional-internacional y en el ámbito legal en el estado de Chiapas. En materia de coherencia horizontal, apunta una serie de incoherencias a escala de la cuenca en el marco legal estatal y en las acciones concretas, vinculadas con las propias incoherencias verticales entre la escala nacional y los estados de la cuenca. Depuis 2005, le Mexique a mis en œuvre une politique nationale en matière climatique conformément aux paramètres définis à l'échelle internationale. Dans cet article, nous analysons les cohérences verticale et horizontale du processus d'institutionnalisation de la politique climatique durant la période 1992-2018 dans le bassin versant du fleuve Usumacinta sur la base d'un examen des lois et des actions mises en œuvre à l'échelle nationale, des états fédérés et municipale. L'analyse met en évidence des cohérences verticales à l'échelle nationale-internationales et dans le domaine juridique au Chiapas. En termes de cohérence horizontales, elle dévoile un certain nombre d'incohérences juridiques dans les états fédérés et dans les actions concrètes liées aux incohérences verticales entre l'échelle nationale et les états du bassin versant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexican drug trafficking organizations have experienced rapid attrition resulting in a continual need for personnel since 2006. However, the process by which these criminal organizations absorb new members remains obscure. In this article, we report on the social context of recruitment and motivational pathways into Mexican drug trafficking organizations through in-depth interviews with current and former cartel members (N = 79). We find that recruits are motivated by aspirations of financial success and notions of masculinity, but also influenced by attachment to social groups and jointly shared experiences that we term a collective trajectory. We argue that individual decisions to join criminal organizations are viewed in collective terms, or being connected with members of their immediate social group. We conclude with the applications of challenges of collective trajectory for sociological criminology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparing Mexico and Uruguay, this article examines the work history of workers and the challenges they face to satisfy the minimum contribution period for eligibility to receive a contributory old‐age pension. Administrative data on work histories is used to formulate a survival model aimed at estimating hazard rates of entering and transitioning out of a given contribution status. This model is then used to perform a Monte Carlo simulation to forecast contribution histories. Results suggest that the hazard rate is negatively associated with the length of a worker's spell in his or her current status and warn that, both in Mexico and Uruguay, a significant group of workers will find it difficult to gain entitlement to a contributory pension in old age. The manner in which each of these national systems has addressed the challenges associated with low contribution densities may explain the two countries' very different coverage results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The socio‐demographic characteristics of couriers who work through digital platforms in Mexico reveal that more than 85 per cent of these workers have completed full‐time secondary education and 83 per cent of these workers are young (aged 14 to 44). However, only 25 per cent are covered for health services and social security benefits. Against this backdrop, and guided by international experience, we set out a proposal to provide these workers with a tailored package of social security benefits. The proposal would require to categorize couriers who work through digital platforms as "digital workers", introduce a special scheme for these workers based on voluntary affiliation, and offer a specific portfolio of benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As international migration has grown worldwide, the issue of how to assure the political rights of citizens living abroad has attracted much scholarly attention. One concern has been that if vote-buying is widespread in home countries, this practice could be exported to external elections. Although there have been numerous studies focused on electoral participation in external voting, there has been no systematic test of whether vote-buying is occurring across borders. This study aims to address this question by focusing on the 2018 federal elections in Mexico. Our list experiment shows that in our sample, approximately 32 per cent of Mexican immigrants in the United States experienced vote-buying during the electoral campaign. Furthermore, a multivariate analysis shows that the people most susceptible to vote-buying were living in areas where there was a high concentration of Mexican immigrants. The study results point to the importance of cross-border networks, which have been built between countries sending and receiving immigrants, in facilitating vote-buying across borders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More and more people live, study, work, and retire in countries where they are not full citizens. How do they protect and provide for themselves and their families when they live for extended periods outside the places where they have citizenship rights? In this talk, I offer a framework for understanding hybrid transnational social protection developed in a forthcoming book with my colleagues Erica Dobbs, Ken Sun, and Ruxandra Paul. We argue that mobile people create resource environments that span national borders with supports they purchase through the market, obtain from the public sector, from communities, and from their social networks. I focus here on the role of religious institutions and networks as transnational social welfare providers. I draw, in particular, on research conducted with Breda Gray on the role of the Catholic Church in Italy, Mexico, and the Philippines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

English Abstract: Coherence for Sustainable Development (PCSD) has promoted sustainability through policy coordination, but to what extent does it respond to the needs of local communities? Scholars of PCSD have acknowledged how it has been considered as an end in itself rather than a means to achieve normative impact. A major limit of PCSD has been its institutionalized nature, as mechanisms for social participation have not been highlighted in implementation strategies. This article addresses this issue. It proposes "pull-push-match" as a methodology for the establishment of participative PCSD. The article, co-authored by a team of researchers and practitioners from Mexico, addresses PCSD in relation to Indigenous communities. Spanish Abstract: La Coherencia de Políticas para el Desarrollo Sostenible (CPDS) ha promovido la sostenibilidad mediante la coordinación de políticas, pero ¿en qué medida responde a las necesidades de las comunidades locales? Los estudiosos de la CPDS han reconocido que ésta se ha considerado un fin en sí misma más que un medio para lograr un impacto normativo. Uno de los principales límites del CPDS ha sido su carácter institucionalizado, ya que los mecanismos de participación social no se han destacado en las estrategias de implementación. Este artículo aborda esta cuestión. Propone el "pull-push-match" como metodología para establecer un CPDS participativo. El artículo, elaborado por un equipo de investigadores y profesionales de México, aborda la CPDS en relación con las comunidades indígenas. English Abstract: Coherence for Sustainable Development (PCSD) has promoted sustainability through policy coordination, but to what extent does it respond to the needs of local communities? Scholars of PCSD have acknowledged how it has been considered as an end in itself rather than a means to achieve normative impact. A major limit of PCSD has been its institutionalized nature, as mechanisms for social participation have not been highlighted in implementation strategies. This article addresses this issue. It proposes "pull-push-match" as a methodology for the establishment of participative PCSD. The article, co-authored by a team of researchers and practitioners from Mexico, addresses PCSD in relation to Indigenous communities. Spanish Abstract: La Coherencia de Políticas para el Desarrollo Sostenible (CPDS) ha promovido la sostenibilidad mediante la coordinación de políticas, pero ¿en qué medida responde a las necesidades de las comunidades locales? Los estudiosos de la CPDS han reconocido que ésta se ha considerado un fin en sí misma más que un medio para lograr un impacto normativo. Uno de los principales límites del CPDS ha sido su carácter institucionalizado, ya que los mecanismos de participación social no se han destacado en las estrategias de implementación. Este artículo aborda esta cuestión. Propone el "pull-push-match" como metodología para establecer un CPDS participativo. El artículo, elaborado por un equipo de investigadores y profesionales de México, aborda la CPDS en relación con las comunidades indígenas. French Abstract: La cohérence des politiques de développement durable (CPDD) favorise la durabilité par la coordination des politiques, mais dans quelle mesure répond-elle aux besoins des communautés locales? Les chercheurs dans ce domaine ont montré que la CPDD est considérée comme une fin en soi plutôt que comme un moyen d'avoir un impact normatif. L'une des principales limites de la CPDD a été sa nature institutionnalisée, car les mécanismes de participation sociale n'ont pas été mis en évidence dans les stratégies de mise en oeuvre. Cet article aborde la question et propose la méthode "pull-push-match" pour l'établissement d'une CPDD participative. Il est co-écrit par une équipe de chercheurs et de praticiens au Mexique et traite de la CPDD en relation avec les communautés indigènes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the creation of a cultural urban assemblage in Puebla, Mexico, between 1987 and 2017. For three decades, Puebla city officials have relied on different understandings of culture to justify and implement public policies aimed at stimulating economic development and urban reorganization. New museums, parks, bike paths, multimedia projections and web applications have been created to encourage tourism and attract investment. We propose the concept 'cultural urban assemblage' to highlight the role of culture as a fluid notion that legitimizes public policies and urban interventions at the same time that it gives rise to actions of resistance and criticism from local actors. Antagonism, from artists whose works have been ignored, to citizens whose property has been expropriated has challenged the government's strategies. We describe the creation of Puebla's cultural urban assemblage through three distinctive episodes, each of which exemplifies shifts in the practices and discourses of culture: the patrimonialization of culture as a takeover (1987–1999); cultural heritage in transition: protection as an economic venture (1999–2011); and culture as a resource for urban capital appreciation (2011–2017). These three episodes will help us illustrate the heterogeneous, stabilizing and antagonistic aspects at work in Puebla's cultural urban assemblage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that claims for the return of cultural property have been present for decades, in recent years they have become a central issue with extensive global coverage, both in countries of origin and in those where the pieces are Located, which has generated greater awareness in these regards. In this article, I recount the Latest advances in matters of cultural restitution and the fight against illicit trafficking and commercialization of archaeological antiquities in the case of Mexico, and I reflect on the role that archaeologists, academics, and specialists can play to communicate and enrich the discussions about them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans ce texte, il s'agit de présenter l'histoire des échanges entre la psychiatrie française et la psychiatrie mexicaine afin d'en montrer la richesse, parallèle à l'influence majeure du modèle du grand voisin américain. Ce texte suit la chronologie de ces échanges, en détaillant les invitations les plus prestigieuses, les colloques, les congrès, les publications, les différents psychiatres et psychologues ayant participé à ces liens, du côté français et du côté mexicain, ainsi que les différentes associations et fédérations. Ces illustrations sont nourries par l'expérience de première main de deux des auteurs qui ont eu un rôle central dans ces échanges. Deux domaines sont abordés : les échanges intellectuels (congrès, interventions, ouvrages, etc.) et les liens institutionnels (stages mutuels, etc.). L'article permet de prendre la mesure d'une tradition d'échange riche et maintenue vivante depuis ses débuts, étapes après étapes. Quoique la présentation de l'article suive la chronologie, il est possible d'en tirer un enseignement pour l'avenir, dans la mesure où il semble que le modèle français offre un contre-poids au modèle américain prédominant. Nous présenterons le travail anthropologique et ethnopsychiatrique d'un des auteurs au Mexique, qui s'est beaucoup nourri de l'exemple français et qui s'est inscrit institutionnellement entre la France et le Mexique. Nous présenterons aussi l'initiative d'un autre auteur, un projet de diversification des soins au Mexique qui s'inspire du secteur français et de ses propositions institutionnelles. Cet article se veut le témoin d'une tradition déjà riche mais il veut aussi s'inscrire dans la continuité du lien, qui, grâce aux initiatives du présent, pourra se maintenir et rester dynamique. In this text, the aim is to present the history of the exchanges between French and Mexican psychiatry in order to show their richness, parallel to the major influence of the model of Mexico's imposing American neighbor. This text follows the chronology of these exchanges, detailing the most prestigious invitations, colloquia, congresses, publications, the various psychiatrists and psychologists who participated in creating these links, on the French side and the Mexican side, as well as the various associations and federations. These illustrations are nourished by the first-hand experience of two of the authors who played a central role in these exchanges. Two areas are addressed: intellectual exchanges (conferences, presentations, books, etc.) and institutional links (mutual internships, etc.). The article testifies to a rich tradition of exchange that has been kept alive since its inception, step by step. Although the presentation of the article follows the chronology, it is possible to draw a lesson for the future, as it seems that the French model offers a counterweight to the predominant American model. We will present the anthropological and ethnopsychiatric work of one of the authors in Mexico, who drew heavily on the French example and who is institutionally implanted in both France and Mexico. We will also present the initiative of another author, a project to diversify care in Mexico inspired by the French sector model and its institutional proposals. This article accounts for an already rich tradition, but it also wants to be part of the continuity of the link, which, thanks to the initiatives of the present, will be able to maintain itself and remain dynamic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mango malformation disease caused by Fusarium spp. is one of the main limiting factors for mango production in Mexico. Fungal isolates obtained from symptomatic tissue from mango trees in Sinaloa, Mexico, were subjected to phylogenetic analysis of the TEF-1α gene, and evaluated for mating type, morphological markers and pathogenicity. Fifteen monosporic Fusarium isolates were identified as Fusarium neocosmosporiellum O'Donnell & Geiser. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the sequence obtained in this study corresponds to F. neocosmosporiellum. All 15 isolates were found to be pathogenic, but no differences were observed in aggressiveness among the isolates, which may be a result of low genetic variability within the fungal population. According to the morphological and molecular results, this study confirmed that the causal agent of mango malformation disease was F. neocosmosporiellum. This is the first report of mango malformation disease caused by this fungus in Mexico. This study provides a basis for the development and implementation of an integrated management system for this disease, confirms a new location of this fungus, and highlights that this pathogen is a potential threat to mango cultivation in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theobroma cacao L. is cultivated in Mexico, primarily in Tabasco, a southern state where the climatic conditions are suitable for producing cacao, the source of chocolate. However, these conditions are also suitable for cacao pathogens such as Phytophthora spp., the causative agents of black pod rot, a disease that is difficult to eradicate once established. In this study, we collected cacao pods exhibiting the symptoms and signs of black pod rot from different locations in Tabasco. Several recovered isolates exhibited the typical colony morphology of Phytophthora, including a white mycelium, stellate with chrysanthemum shape and appressed appearance with slightly torulose hyphae. Both sporangia and chlamydospores were absent in culture media, but were observed after induction in a sterile soil solution. Sporangia were papillated, and the sporangial shapes were globose, ellipsoid, and obturbinate, while the sporangiospores were umbrella shaped and simple sympodial. Chlamydospores were spherical, terminal, and subterminal. The concatenated analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS), the cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COXII), the translation elongation factor 1α (TEF1) and β-tubulin (BT) placed strain PtCa-14 among several P. tropicalis strains, confirming the identity of this species. The pathogenicity tests on pear and peach fruit and cacao pods showed the ability of this oomycete to induce rot. Taken together, these results indicated the presence of P. tropicalis in the Mexican state of Tabasco and demonstrated its ability to cause black pod rot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Film reproduces and deplores, simultaneously, the paradoxes of human existence in the planet; it has served to control, but also for leisure and education; it spreads the western ideology of progress, modernization, and consumption, in addition to feeding the individual and collective imagination about social values and unknown territories. Thus, the objective of the article is to propose a methodology for cinematic analysis based on the Latin American geographic experience, especially, the Mexican one. The analytical procedure corresponds to: i) reviewing the relationship between cinema and tourism in Mexico (20th and 21st centuries), from the concept of used territory and an unpublished cartography of these phenomena; and ii) develop the notion and methodology of the interscalar film space economy, for studies on film-tourism. Notion and methodology make it possible to overcome the society/space dichotomy and helps to understand the political-technical content of the territorial order catalyzed by the film industry. The complexity of the cinema-tourism-territory relationship in Mexico has inspired this methodological proposal, that can be applied in other national contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mexico, as in many other parts of the world, industrial agriculture is dramatically changing rural landscapes and altering relationships with the land. This paper draws on community‐based research from a collaborative international research project that examined the perceived health implications of the agricultural industry for Indigenous peoples in the state of Jalisco, Mexico. Thirty interviews were conducted in a Nahuas community experiencing expanding agribusiness industries. The results of this study show that the implications of export‐oriented agricultural industry for this Nahuas community are complex and, at times, contradictory: employment in the agricultural industry provides community members with much‐needed sources of income, but it is precarious work. At the same time, community members are concerned about the long‐term health and environmental implications, such as increased exposure to chemicals, depletion of the soil and water, and loss of traditional food and lifeways. These results suggest that to better understand the costs and benefits of large‐scale agriculture for Indigenous health, a broad lens of health that is situated in the context of colonial legacies and the particularities of relationships with the land is required. Key Messages: The health dimensions of export‐oriented agriculture for Indigenous communities throughout Mexico are complex and, at times, contradictory.Indigenous determinants of health frameworks help illuminate the risks and benefits of agricultural industries in Jalisco.For study participants, these industries present a tension between determinants of health; notably, much‐needed sources of income and long‐term health and environmental risks. This research provides a window into the particularities of a Nahuas community in rural Mexico, showing some of the contradictions and complexities of industrial agriculture in relation to local conceptions of health and well‐being.The results begin to illustrate the dynamic interplay between proximal, intermediate, and distal determinants of health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the differential mortality of Argentina's disability pension beneficiaries during the 2015–16 period, based on National Social Security Administration (Administración Nacional de la Seguridad Social – ANSES) payment records. It compares data for those with an assessed disability with overall population data, as well as with available international data (from Canada, Chile, Mexico, and the United States of America). In addition to breaking down mortality rates for people with disabilities by age and sex, it also factors in duration of benefit, establishing an inverse correlation between benefit duration and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Mexico is one of the countries with the most number of Catholics, it is experiencing a rapid and intense religious diversification. The religious field in Mexico now comprises a myriad of denominations that are transforming the supposed socioreligious homogeneity of Mexicans. Among the Catholics, novel practices often associated with new spiritualities, including neopagan and indigenous rituals, are another feature of this diversity, along with a trend toward religious deinstitutionalization. Findings from the ENCREER, a national survey on religious practices and beliefs, allow for a comparative analysis of the main religious identifications (Catholics, Protestants and Evangelicals, Seventh Day Adventists/Jehovah's Witnesses/Latter Day Saints, and unaffiliated). With an eye to facilitating international comparisons, this article describes the survey design and the principal findings of the analysis of the contemporary religious diversity in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the official memory of the violent and traumatic past during the presidencies of Cristina Fernández de Kirchner in Argentina (2007-2015) and Felipe Calderón in Mexico (2006-2012). In methodological terms, this article adopts one of comparison by contrast, which seeks to shed light on specific characteristics of each particular case and show how said characteristics affect the process. The documental corpus used is composed of presidential speeches and official initiatives in relation to the recent past of these countries. The argument postulates that kirchnerismo kept a policy of a «duty to remember» in line with a political use of the polarising past, and panismo, in the tendency of the «right to forget», synchronised with a political use of the reconciliatory past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the mid-2000s, Mexico City has been reorganizing public bus transport, from the granting of individual concessions ("busmen") towards the concentration of bus services within large companies ("entrepreneurial model"). Based on an ethnographic survey, this article shows that this shift involves a reconsideration of the masculinity of workers in the sector, the vast majority of whom are working class men, in favour of a new form of hybrid dominant masculinity that incorporates some of its elements and eliminates others for the needs of new businesses and in accordance with government demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New diseases in pepper plantations were discovered in La Comarca Lagunera (CL) region in September 2014, the severity of which increased by October 2016. Pepper plants exhibited mild and severe yellow leaf mosaic, deformation, stunting and chlorotic leaves. In addition, whiteflies were observed on symptomatic plants, suggesting a possible begomovirus aetiology. In this study, naturally infected pepper plants were collected during three consecutive years to identify the potential begomovirus present in pepper in CL. PCR detection using degenerate and specific primers indicated that 47 out of 49 pepper plants were infected by begomoviruses mainly in mixed infection. The complete begomovirus genomes were isolated from a representative symptomatic pepper plant and two clones for each begomovirus were fully sequenced for the corresponding year of collection (2014 to 2016). Phylogenetic analysis of complete genomes of CL begomovirus pepper isolates indicated a close homology with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (designated TYLCV-CL) displaying 99.9–100% identity with TYLCV Sinaloa isolate, and the bipartite Pepper huasteco yellow vein virus (designated PHYVV-CL) displaying 94.5% and 84.2% identity with first PHYVV isolate from Tamaulipas for DNA A and DNA B, respectively, and 97–98% identity with PHYVV Sinaloa isolate for DNA B. In 2016, Pepper golden mosaic virus (designated PepGMV-CL) was also found that consisted of DNA-A and DNA-B genome displaying 97% and 93.5% identity with PepGMV isolate Tamaulipas. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a pepper disease associated with TYLCV in double or triple infection either with PHYVV and/or PepGMV in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1997, Mexico replaced its main old‐age pension system with an individual capitalization system. In 2021, the first people subject to the new system will retire. Using a model that projects demographic and labour variables and using Monte Carlo simulations, the findings of this study show that in 2051 the percentage of men not having a pension will increase from 38 per cent to 59 per cent, and that of women from 44 per cent to 66 per cent. The replacement rate for the average Mexican worker will fall from 70 per cent to 30 per cent. The numbers of people in extreme poverty will increase by almost 2.8 million, representing 9.44 per cent of the population. Alternative scenarios are proposed that involve increasing the contribution rate and raising the retirement age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the internationalization of science seems to be focused on the natural and formal sciences and on networks of the Global North. A shift towards the social sciences and a peripheral region (Mexico) is proposed here and shows that two different types of networks are enacted to face the challenges of internationalized research. On the one hand, there are strategic networks which internalize the pressure of incentives brought to bear on academics and tend to reproduce an over-professionalized idea of the academia. On the other, there are engaged networks that try to strengthen international bonds according to certain politico-ethical imperatives. In this article, relying on current research on internationalization of the Mexican social sciences, the author explores the usefulness of these ideal-types of networks and discusses their implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Periurban is a dialectically peripheral space, derived, open, selective, discontinuous, fractioned, unstable and differentiated; an eccentric centrality. This simultaneity of spatial dimensions difficult the adoption of a method that captures its complexity and movement. The aim of this article is to provide elements for the methodical approach (from the abstract universal to singular concrete), to understand the peri-urban, the case of the ejidos in Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico were selected for this purpose. This study considers: i) a theoretical-methodological framework applied to the peri-urban ejido in Mexico; ii) the genesis and process of the ejido as a global-local, urban-rural, spatial formation, with its own functions and social power structure and; iii) an approach to the essence of the periurban ejido, in search of the concretion of the phenomenon, through the conditions of existence of the ejidatarios. It is a question of understanding the rural-urban transformations through a phenomenological and dialectical reading of the ejido and the ejidatario from the Mexican experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the social and institutional factors that determine whether local actors in the region take local and binational actions to manage scarce and highly contested water resources, focusing in the Mexican portion of the Colorado River. Based on the common pool resources and institutional approaches, the research project analyzes qualitative data from individual interviews with local key informants as well as official documents. The results reveal: (1) the variety of institutional behaviors, actions, and strategies implemented at the local and binational level; and (2) how complementary perspectives contribute to sustainable water management. The findings of the study contribute to the common pool resources literature by showing the importance of the actors' collaboration to address water scarcity in a context of rapidly changing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NAAEC acts as an independent platform for the international cooperation between the United States, Mexico and Canada over a wide range of environmental protocols. The CEC was formed as a practical and valuable tool to achieve NAAEC goals. Therefore, the CEC supervises the development of environmental policies and their accurate implementation among the three nations. In addition, the CEC promotes the participation of private citizens in collaboration with their governments to develop diverse strategies for conservation, protection, and improvement of our shared environment. Whether or not it is necessary to maintain regular operations of NAEEC is a subject currently evaluated during the present renegotiations of NAFTA, which provides new opportunities in view of the contemporary political, economic and environmental scene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the idea of policy coherence for development, and its relation to the experience of development along the Grij alva River in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. Through an analysis of diff erent understandings of the garbage in the river, and of the attempts to deal with the garbage, I highlight tensions between diff erent generations of policies, between diff erent levels of government, and between implementing the goals of governmental representatives and a meaningful participation by citizens. To understand these tensions, the article draws attention to the coexistence of experience-based rationalities, which are important to take into account when formulating policies, and when moving from policies to concrete projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual orientation can become an element that favors the existence of bullying among students in the school environment. As there is no research in Nuevo Leon on homophobic bullying, this study aims to identify its existence and characteristics in the high schools of Monterrey, México. Through a mixed methodology and intentional sampling, 330 students were surveyed using an instrument with both open and close-ended questions. The results reveal that 44.54% of participants have witnessed bullying in their school (31.29% related to sexual orientation). In addition, we identified seven victims of homophobic bullying. It is necessary to propose legal, socioecological and preventive educational measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most discussions about scale are largely silent on religion. They sidestep the issue of a subjective understanding of geography. But places are scaled and rescaled on the basis of their changing importance within imagined and remembered religious landscapes. This article shows how Santa Ana de Guadalupe in Jalisco, Mexico, and the devotions to Santo Toribio that are based there, became a religious hotspot within a transnational religious landscape connecting specific parts of Mexico and the USA. The authors argue that its heightened religious significance rescaled Santa Ana but that religion did not act alone. Santa Ana also lies at the intersection between multiple economic, religious, and political projects that, taken together, greatly enhanced its position within the transnational religious map it helped create. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The years immediately following Mexico’s independence in 1821 saw a massive expansion in that country of British economic and political activity, which was focused especially on the exploitation of silver mines and other mineral resources. This led to a good deal of travel and exploration by British entrepreneurs and diplomats, and to a substantial amount of cartographic activity. Most of this is now forgotten, but it did lead to the production of several new maps of Mexico. These activities strongly influenced John Arrowsmith’s important 1832 map of Mexico, which is arguably the best map of the country published prior to the 1850s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mexico has signed and ratified the most important anti-corruption initiatives in the world. As member of the OECD, G-20, and active member of the United Nations, the Organization of American States, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank, Mexico has agreed to fight corruption. At national level, every Mexican president, as part of their National program, has included anticorruption initiatives in their political agendas. However, the levels of corruption and impunity in Mexico continue being high, which raises the following questions: Why do national politicians promise to curb corruption at the beginning of their governments? Why many Mexican Politicians who promise to reduce corruption at the end of their governments are involved in corruption affairs? Are Mexican politicians engaged in fighting corruption? This paper tries to analyze these questions, and it embarks on an exploration of the anti-corruption campaigns as a mainstay of the Mexican Political system since the government of José López Portillo (1976-1982) to Enrique Peña Nieto (2012-2018). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over 200 international marriage broker websites, advertising romance and marriage between U.S. men and Latin American women. Yet, despite the fact that international marriage sites advertise all Latin American countries as breeding women who are naturally more feminine, beautiful and family-oriented than U.S. women, this article explores the reasons women from Guadalajara, Mexico and Cali, Colombia express distinct reasons for marrying U.S. men. Part of this difference, the essay argues, tells us how women's class status alters their relation to their particular national imaginary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sets out to use the bivariate VEC-EGARCH model with constant correlations to analyze the process by which the mean and volatility are transmitted between the crude futures markets and physical oil markets in Mexico. The results point to the existence of bilateral performance information transmission patterns with stronger effects from the futures markets to the physical markets, while the evidence for the effects of bilateral volatility transmission only exists between the oil futures and physical oil markets in Olmeca. The empirical findings are relevant to governmental authorities and consumers because they aid in designing cross-hedging strategies that mitigate exposure to the price risk in Mexican oil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective is to analyze the main factors associated with the probability that a household in Estado de Mexico in2010 receives internal and external remittances; and to examine the different household expenditures. The household characteristics and head of the household are analyzed using the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey from 2010. A binomial logistic regression is used to examine the factors associated with the reception of remittances and the different expenditures are analyzed by type of household. Common factors were found that increase the propensity of remittance reception: if the household head is female, with little schooling and if there are less than four members living in the household; the labor status has an opposite effect for internal and external remittances. Regarding household expenditure, most of the household income is used to cover the household's basic needs. Politics on the subject must focus in reducing household dependency on this income, which is different than the productive investment of the remittances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Aaron Arrowsmith is recognized as one of the leading cartographers of the early nineteenth century, his mapping of Mexico has been overshadowed by the work of Alexander von Humboldt. Arrowsmith produced a number of maps of Mexico. One published in 1803 and another in 1810, in particular, attracted Humboldt’s criticism. Both of Arrowsmith’s maps were influential and rank among the best maps of Mexico available in the early nineteenth century. An examination of them and of their relationship to Humboldt’s map reveals much about the standards and methods used by early nineteenth-century cartographers in compiling their works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reflects on the meaning and importance of nineteenth century electoral practices in Mexico. We offer a general idea of the constitution of the electoral institution during this period, configuring a political culture based on suffrage. As a mechanism linked to the sovereignty of the people and to political representation, the election process constituted the source of legitimacy of every Republican regime, as well as a space of fundamental political negotiation for the construction of political powers and the governability of the new nation. In these pages we present some of the principal normative frameworks that legislated national electoral processes throughout the XIX c. in Mexico, allowing a close examination of certain suffrage practices as a way to understand the values and meanings that the population conferred to the elections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Objectifs Le présent article a comme finalité la réflexion sur les processus contemporains de mobilité aussi bien depuis un aspect théorique que social, culturel et politique. L’objectif est de présenter les résultats d’une recherche réalisée pour connaître les besoins d’attention à la santé mentale de sujets appartenant à cinq groupes indigènes migrants dans la Zone Métropolitaine de Guadalajara. Méthodes Il s’agit d’une recherche qualitative fondée sur un modèle phénoménologique qui utilise des outils ethnographiques. Une observation participative et un entretien semi-structuré appliqué à 60 informateurs migrants indigènes ont été réalisés. Résultats L’identité est un thème fondamental pour la population indigène migrante. Les informateurs trouvent un lien entre l’identité et la santé mentale. Dans cette ville, les maladies ressenties ( illness ) que l’on retrouve le plus fréquemment d’après les personnes interrogées sont la dépression, l’anxiété et le stress. Discussion Il est nécessaire de comprendre et de traiter les maladies depuis le point de vue du souffrant, en considérant les connaissances de la psychiatrie culturelle et en se libérant de leurs a priori . Conclusion Il est indispensable de prendre en compte les besoins de la santé mentale des migrants et réfugiés, leur culture, le contexte d’origine et le contexte d’accueil. Il s’agit d’une approche avec une sensibilité culturelle. Objectives This article aims to discuss contemporary mobility processes, from the theoretical, social, cultural and political points of view. The aim is to present the results of research into the needs in terms of mental health care of individuals belonging to five groups of indigenous migrants who live in the Metropolitan area of Guadalajara. Methods This research was qualitative, implementing a phenomenological design, and using ethnographic tools. Participant observation and a semi-structured interview administered to 60 indigenous migrant interviewees were conducted. Results Identity is a fundamental issue for indigenous migrant populations. Respondents pointed to a relationship between identity and mental health. In this city, the mental illnesses most frequently reported by respondents were depression, anxiety and stress. Discussion It is important to take account of the mental health needs of migrants and refugees, their culture, their background and the circumstances around their arrival. This approach requires cultural sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates language ideologies and language use in a small Veneto-Spanish bilingual community in central Mexico, founded by immigrants from Northern Italy. In this contact situation, a European language has been in contact with Spanish, as well as other minority languages spoken in the state of Puebla. This article will draw from data collected through both sociolinguistic questionnaires and qualitative interviews to show that language maintenance and high prestige are due in part to positive attitudes and the use of Veneto as an identity marker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the transformation of femicide from an academic concept into a frame for political struggle, and into a crime in the context of Mexican feminist activism against the murders of women, or feminicidios, in Ciudad Juárez and Chihuahua City. Through analysis of interviews with Mexican activists, the author argues that the implications of the transformations of feminicidio for social change are tied to the interplay between the transnational and the local impacts of feminist human rights advocacy. Drawing on Myra Marx Ferree’s work on the ‘resonance’ and ‘radicalism’ of feminist frames, the article’s findings challenge the straightforward association of radical social change to transnational advocacy and its attendant framing of social problems in terms of international human rights norms. Contrary to existing scholarship on transnational human rights advocacy, the article shows that feminicidio constitutes a resonant frame transnationally, but operates as a radical frame domestically. The dissonance between the transnational and national framing of feminicidio has complicated the ways in which Mexican feminists can engage with the state after the institutionalization of feminicidio as a crime to produce radical social change for women’s everyday experiences of violence and their access to justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generally-speaking in Mexico, neoliberalism has been examined as an economic phenomenon, not as a broad process that includes new techniques of government and new political vocabularies presented today as "natural" or as "common sense" that pervades the entire world. Based on an analysis of the journalistic discourse associated with the earthquake that devastated Mexico City in September 1985, this essay argues that the discourse of the autonomy of society and a responsible citizenry that began to circulate at that time, with the participation of actors from the most diverse political and ideological postures, must be understood in relation to the emergence of this neoliberal "common sense", and not -or not only- as a response to the neoliberalization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the effects of the mass production of religious images that is decentering the institutional management of Catholic symbols in Mexico. How do mass production and the global circulation of religious images in various types of media create new ways of practicing religion and professing faith today? In the search for answers to this question, two cases are presented. The first, Catholic baroque as a popular initiative, addresses the mass production of Catholic icons and how it deinstitutionalizes Catholic symbols. In the second, the case of the Mayan prophesy for 2012, the manner in which cultural industries are generating transmedia beliefs is revealed. The author argues that the synergy between popular baroque religiosity and the videocracy creates a new sort of ultra-baroque Catholicism based on superimposing images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the gender equality component of Prospera, a conditional cash transfer program in Mexico that provides cash contingent on three nodes of civic engagement: health, nutrition, and education. This article draws on ethnographic research in La Gloria, a settlement of indigenous Mayan refugees from Guatemala in the Mexican state of Chiapas. The article identifies the Prospera program’s neoliberal features, the impact its gender equality measures have in the lives of women, their families, and in the political structure of the community of La Gloria. The findings reveal how Prospera reinforces gender and racial hierarchy, and fosters community divisions that undercut efforts to promote community autonomy, which raises questions about the ability of conditional cash transfers to promote development and gender equality in indigenous communities in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Criminal justice in courts of ordinary jurisdiction underwent a significant shift in the nineteenth century as it adapted to the demands of modernization and broke away from the former bases to have underpinned it, such as judicial discretion, a power that allowed judges to decide a case without stating the legal grounds for the decision. In Mexico City, a similar shift featured three stages characterized by the implementation of the demand for legal grounds and the accurate application of the law, with both of these aspects reinforced and facilitated by the Law of January 5, 1857, and later the 1871 Penal Code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The studie describes the blood-feeding behaviour of mosquitoes in Mexico, to understand host-vector relationships and dynamics of disease transmission. Methods From September 2012 to November 2012 and in November 2013, 911 blood-fed Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were collected with aspirators inside houses in Chetumal and Cancun. Blood meals were analysed by PCR and subsequent Sanger sequencing of the cytochrome b gene. Results 93.3% of mosquitoes fed on mammals, 6.5% on birds and 0.2% on reptiles. The most frequent vertebrate hosts were humans (65.4%), dogs (23.2%), chicken (5.4%), cattle (2.2%) and cats (1.8%). Conclusions Cx. quinquefasciatus most frequently fed on humans and dogs in both studied cities, which is in contrast to a previous study that demonstrated lower prevalence of mammalian blood in engorged Cx. quinquefasciatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This critical ethnographic case study draws on Indigenous and minority students' process of learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL) in Mexico. The study specifically focuses on students who enrolled in a program called A wager with the Future. The aim of the study is to identify and understand contributing factors in these students' struggles with the process of learning English by focusing on factors that influence their investment in EFL. The research is framed by (critical) applied linguistics and post-colonial theories that favour the integration of an understanding of these students' socio historical context in their learning of English, and question (unequal) power relationships between languages and cultures in Mexico. The methodology was designed to ensure trustworthiness by adopting multiple data collection techniques, and to decolonize the research process by using participatory methods that featured researcher/participant co-analysis of the data. On a macro level, findings show that students enrolled in the program experience a relationship with English that is rooted in Mexico's colonial legacies (as expressed through discrimination in the EFL classroom), which has an impact on their subjectivities; specifically, they feel afraid and inferior in the EFL classroom. On a micro level, the programming adopted in the university's Language Department does not draw on diverse students' multi-competences in other languages. Nonetheless, some Indigenous students manage to invest in EFL by creating imagined communities, and appropriating English through the creation of autonomous pluralistic language learning strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how the energy sector reforms rolled out by the Enrique Peña Nieto (2012-2018) administration represent the culminating act of a State disinterested in safeguarding Mexico's territorial patrimony. It is the State itself that is imposing accumulation by dispossession to the benefit of the few, especially multinational companies that win the tenders for energy megaprojects --such as thermal power plants-- or projects in oil, mining, telecommunications, etc. The State promotes capital accumulation that favors the global value chain in a wide range of activities: energy, agriculture and livestock, real estate, and even tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES To estimate annual costs related to the diagnosis, treatment and productivity losses among patients with neurocysticercosis (NCC) receiving treatment at two referral hospitals, the Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia (INNN) and the Hospital de Especialidades of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (HE-IMSS), in Mexico City from July 2007 to August 2008. METHODS Information on presenting clinical manifestations, diagnostic tests, hospitalisations, surgical procedures and other treatments received by NCC outpatients was collected from medical charts, and supplemented by an individual questionnaire regarding productivity losses and out-ofpocket expenses related to NCC. RESULTS The annual average per-patient direct costs were US$ 503 (95% CI: 414-592) and US$ 438 (95% CI: 322-571) for patients without a history of hospitalisation and/or surgery seen at the INNN and the HE-IMSS, respectively. These costs increased to US$ 2506 (95% CI: 1797-3215) and US$ 2170 (95% CI: 1303-3037), respectively, for patients with a history of hospitalisation and/or surgery. The average annual per-patient indirect costs were US$ 246 (95% CI: 165-324) and US$ 114 (95% CI: 51-178), respectively, using minimum salary wages for individuals not officially employed. CONCLUSIONS The total annual cost for patients who had and had not been hospitalised and/or undergone a surgical procedure for the diagnosis or treatment of NCC corresponded to 212% and 41% of an annual minimum wage salary, respectively. The disease tends to affect rural socioeconomically disadvantaged populations and creates health disparities and significant economic losses in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to widespread perceptions, health care provision is becoming more universalistic internationally – but also more business-like. The article examines this dual movement through the lens of the (neo-institutionalist) world polity model and by exploring regulatory change in the hospital sectors of Mexico and Germany. These – highly disparate – countries have both seen attempts to make the access to inpatient care more comprehensive, quantitatively or qualitatively; at the same time, reforms have led to the marketization and managerialist transformation of their health care infrastructures. Hence there is similar regulatory change being driven by two expansive institutional logics, although its implementation faces contingencies, due to country-specific bottlenecks in the reform process. In this configuration, hospital care undergoes a process of ‘fuzzy’ reorganization with paradoxical consequences. The overall development bears witness to a cross-national diffusion of institutional ambiguity to which macro-sociological theory concerned with globalization should pay greater attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Objectifs Le présent travail de recherche vise à permettre la compréhension de l’expérience relative à la mobilité et à la migration de la population indigène. De même, il nous expose le contexte culturel et structurel qui, de par la violence rencontrée, provoque des dégâts sur la santé. Méthode Le modèle de recherche est non expérimental, transversal et descriptif. La méthodologie utilisée se base sur l’ethnométhodologie. Cinq entretiens en profondeur ont été réalisés à la manière d’histoires de vie. L’échantillon se compose d’indigènes wixaritari qui ont migré vers la ville de Guadalajara, Jalisco, au Mexique, et qui ont vécu en ville durant une période supérieure à trois années. Résultats Malgré les différences de circonstances et de motivations dans les cas étudiés, l’analyse de chacun d’eux nous conduit à identifier des similitudes en rapport à des aspects culturels, sociaux et idéologiques. Des exemples de violence sont mentionnés par cas, ainsi que des agressions associées à la discrimination. Discussion L’appréhension d’éléments culturels nouveaux et les répercussions qui en résultent, qui forment l’identité, permettent un niveau supérieur d’adaptation et d’intégration. Conclusions La violence accompagne inéluctablement le processus de migration et d’acculturation. Cependant, ce sont les discours dominants qui l’intensifient et la conduisent à des situations d’agression et de marginalisation qui ont des répercussions sur la santé des sujets indigènes. Objectives This research work seeks to achieve a better understanding of the experience associated with the mobility and migration of Mexico's indigenous population. It also describes the cultural and structural context associated with violence that affects health conditions. Method The research design is non-experimental, transversal and descriptive. We used ethnomethodology as a framework. Five in-depth interviews were conducted to obtain life stories. The sample comprises a Wixaritari indigenous people that migrated to Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, and lived in the city for a period of more than three years. Results Although there are significant differences regarding circumstances and motivation among the cases studied, the analysis led us to identify similarities related to cultural, social, and ideological issues. Instances of violence were described in each one of them, as well as aggression associated with discrimination. Discussion The apprehension of new cultural elements and the resulting repercussions on the shaping of identities allow for a higher level of adaptation and integration. Conclusions Violence inevitably accompanies the process of migration and acculturation; however, the dominant discourses intensify and lead to situations of aggression and marginalization affecting the health of indigenous people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]