Author: "Metzger, Jean-Marc" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Metzger, Jean-Marc"' showing total 275 results

Start Over Author "Metzger, Jean-Marc"

275 results on '"Metzger, Jean-Marc"'

1. Aerosol characterization in an oceanic context around Reunion Island (AEROMARINE field campaign)

Author: Mascaut, Faustine, Pujol, Olivier, Verreyken, Bert, Peroni, Raphaël, Metzger, Jean Marc, Blarel, Luc, Podvin, Thierry, Goloub, Philippe, Sellegri, Karine, Thornberry, Troy, Duflot, Valentin, Tulet, Pierre, and Brioude, Jérôme
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

2. Erythemal and vitamin D weighted solar UV dose-rates and doses estimated from measurements in mainland France and on Réunion Island

Author: Brogniez, Colette, Doré, Jean-François, Auriol, Frédérique, Cesarini, Pierre, Minvielle, Fanny, Deroo, Christine, Catalfamo, Maxime, Metzger, Jean-Marc, and Da Conceicao, Pierre
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

3. VELVET: an enclosure vegetation system to measure BVOC emission fingerprints in temperate and tropical climates

Author: Rocco, Manon, primary, Brugere, Etienne, additional, Magand, Olivier, additional, Borbon, Agnes, additional, Colomb, Aurelie, additional, Bouvier, Laetitia, additional, Baray, Jean-Luc, additional, Duflot, Valentin, additional, Ribeiro, Mickael, additional, Picard, David, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Stamenoff, Pierre, additional, Benoit, Yoan, additional, and Ah-Peng, Claudine, additional
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

4. MAP-IO, an atmospheric and marine observatory program onboard Marion Dufresne over the Southern Ocean

Author: Tulet, Pierre, Van Baelen, Joel, Bosser, Pierre, Brioude, Jérome, Colomb, Aurelie, Goloub, Philippe, Pazmino, Andrea, Portafaix, Thierry, Ramonet, Michel, Sellegri, Karine, Thyssen, Melilotus, Gest, Lea, Marquestaut, Nicolas, Mékiès, Dominique, Metzger, Jean-marc, Athier, Gilles, Blarel, Luc, Delmotte, Marc, Desprairies, Guillaume, Dournaux, Meredith, Dubois, Gaël, Duflot, Valentin, Lamy, Kevin, Gardes, Lionel, Guillemot, Jean-françois, Gros, Valérie, Kolasinski, Joanna, Lopez, Morgan, Magand, Olivier, Noury, Erwan, Nunes-pinharanda, Manuel, Payen, Guillaume, Pianezze, Joris, Picard, David, Picard, Olivier, Prunier, Sandrine, Rigaud-louise, François, Sicard, Michael, Torres, Benjamin, Tulet, Pierre, Van Baelen, Joel, Bosser, Pierre, Brioude, Jérome, Colomb, Aurelie, Goloub, Philippe, Pazmino, Andrea, Portafaix, Thierry, Ramonet, Michel, Sellegri, Karine, Thyssen, Melilotus, Gest, Lea, Marquestaut, Nicolas, Mékiès, Dominique, Metzger, Jean-marc, Athier, Gilles, Blarel, Luc, Delmotte, Marc, Desprairies, Guillaume, Dournaux, Meredith, Dubois, Gaël, Duflot, Valentin, Lamy, Kevin, Gardes, Lionel, Guillemot, Jean-françois, Gros, Valérie, Kolasinski, Joanna, Lopez, Morgan, Magand, Olivier, Noury, Erwan, Nunes-pinharanda, Manuel, Payen, Guillaume, Pianezze, Joris, Picard, David, Picard, Olivier, Prunier, Sandrine, Rigaud-louise, François, Sicard, Michael, and Torres, Benjamin
Abstract: This article is devoted to the presentation of the MAP-IO observation program. This program, launched in early 2021, has enabled the observation of nearly 700 days of measurements over the Indian and Southern Ocean thanks to the equipment of 17 meteorological and oceanographic scientific instruments on board the ship Marion Dufresne. Several observation techniques have been developed to respond to the difficulties of observations on board ships, in particular for passive remote sensing data, as well as quasi-autonomous data acquisition and transfer. The first measurements made it possible to draw up unprecedented climatological data of the Southern Ocean of the size distribution and optical thickness of aerosols, of the concentration of trace gases and greenhouse gases, of UV, and of integrated water vapor. High resolution observations of phytoplankton in surface waters have also shown a great variability in latitude, in terms of abundance and community structure (diversity). The operational success of this program and these unique scientific results all together establish a proof of concept and underline the need to transform this program into a permanent observatory.
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

5. MAP-IO: an atmospheric and marine observatory program on board Marion Dufresne over the Southern Ocean.

Author: Tulet, Pierre, Van Baelen, Joel, Bosser, Pierre, Brioude, Jérome, Colomb, Aurélie, Goloub, Philippe, Pazmino, Andrea, Portafaix, Thierry, Ramonet, Michel, Sellegri, Karine, Thyssen, Melilotus, Gest, Léa, Marquestaut, Nicolas, Mékiès, Dominique, Metzger, Jean-Marc, Athier, Gilles, Blarel, Luc, Delmotte, Marc, Desprairies, Guillaume, and Dournaux, Mérédith
Subjects: SCIENTIFIC apparatus & instruments, OCEANOGRAPHIC instruments, GREENHOUSE gases, WATER vapor, AEROSOLS, TRACE gases, OZONE layer
Abstract: This article is devoted to the presentation of the MAP-IO observation program. This program, launched in early 2021, has enabled the observation of nearly 700 d of measurements over the Indian and Southern Ocean with the equipment of 17 meteorological and oceanographic scientific instruments on board the ship Marion Dufresne. Several observational techniques have been developed to respond to the difficulties of observations on board the ship, in particular for passive remote sensing data, as well as for quasi-autonomous data acquisition and transfer. The first measurements made it possible to draw up unprecedented climatological data of the Southern Ocean regarding the size distribution and optical thickness of aerosols, the concentration of trace gases and greenhouse gases, UV, and integrated water vapor. High-resolution observations of phytoplankton in surface waters have also shown a great variability in latitude in terms of abundance and community structure (diversity). The operational success of this program and these unique scientific results together establish a proof of concept and underline the need to transform this program into a permanent observatory. The multi-year rotations over the Indian Ocean will enable us to assess the trends and seasonal variability of phytoplankton, greenhouse gases, ozone, and marine aerosols in a sensitive and poorly documented climatic region. Without being exhaustive, MAP-IO should make it possible to better understand and assess the biological carbon pump, to study the variability of gases and aerosols in a region that is remote in relation to the main anthropogenic sources, and to monitor the transport of stratospheric ozone by the Brewer–Dobson circulation. The meteorological MAP-IO data set is publicly available at https://www.aeris-data.fr/catalogue-map-io/ (last access: 26 August 2024) (atmospheric data) and at 10.17882/89505 (phytoplankton data). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. MAP-IO, an atmospheric and marine observatory program onboard Marion Dufresne over the Southern Ocean

Author: Tulet, Pierre, primary, Van Baelen, Joel, additional, Bosser, Pierre, additional, Brioude, Jérome, additional, Colomb, Aurelie, additional, Goloub, Philippe, additional, Pazmino, Andrea, additional, Portafaix, Thierry, additional, Ramonet, Michel, additional, Sellegri, Karine, additional, Thyssen, Melilotus, additional, Gest, Lea, additional, Marquestaut, Nicolas, additional, Mékiès, Dominique, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Athier, Gilles, additional, Blarel, Luc, additional, Delmotte, Marc, additional, Desprairies, Guillaume, additional, Dournaux, Meredith, additional, Dubois, Gaël, additional, Duflot, Valentin, additional, Lamy, Kevin, additional, Gardes, Lionel, additional, Guillemot, Jean-François, additional, Gros, Valérie, additional, Kolasinski, Joanna, additional, Lopez, Morgan, additional, Magand, Olivier, additional, Noury, Erwan, additional, Nunes-Pinharanda, Manuel, additional, Payen, Guillaume, additional, Pianezze, Joris, additional, Picard, David, additional, Picard, Olivier, additional, Prunier, Sandrine, additional, Rigaud-Louise, François, additional, Sicard, Michael, additional, and Torres, Benjamin, additional
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

7. Aerosols on the Tropical Island of La Réunion (21 • S, 55 • E): Assessment of Climatology, Origin of Variability and Trend

Author: Pouliquen, Marie-Léa, primary, Sun, Youwen, additional, Chan, Ka Lok, additional, Zhang, Feng, additional, Duflot, Valentin, additional, Bègue, Nelson, additional, Goloub, Philippe, additional, and Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

8. Measurement report: Insights into the chemical composition and origin of molecular clusters and potential precursor molecules present in the free troposphere over the southern Indian Ocean: observations from the Maïdo Observatory (2150 m a.s.l., Réunion)

Author: Salignat, Romain, Rissanen, Matti, Iyer, Siddharth, Baray, Jean-Luc, Tulet, Pierre, Metzger, Jean-Marc, Brioude, Jérôme, Sellegri, Karine, and Rose, Clémence
Subjects: MOLECULAR clusters, ATMOSPHERIC ammonia, CLOUD condensation nuclei, TIME-of-flight mass spectrometers, ATMOSPHERIC ionization, SULFUR cycle, TROPOSPHERE
Abstract: New particle formation (NPF) in the free troposphere (FT) is thought to be a significant source of particles over the oceans. The entrainment of particles initially formed in the marine FT is further suspected to be a major contributor to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations in the marine boundary layer (BL). Yet, little is known about the process and, more broadly, about the composition of the marine FT, which remains poorly explored due to access difficulties. Here we report measurements performed in April 2018 at the Maïdo Observatory with a nitrate-based chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer, which have allowed the first molecular-level characterization of the remote marine FT composition. A number of molecules and clusters were identified and classified into nine groups according to their chemical composition; among the identified species, the groups containing methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and C2 amines show signals that are on average significantly higher when the site is under conditions representative of the marine FT (compared to the BL). The correlation analysis revealed apparent connections between the signals of the identified compounds and several variables concurrently measured at the site (under FT conditions) or related to air mass history, suggesting that oxalic acid, malonic acid, and observed C2 amines could be of terrestrial origin, with, in addition, a possible marine source for oxalic acid and amines, while iodic acid, sulfur species, and maleic acid have a dominant marine origin. Identification of FT conditions at the site was based on the analysis of the standard deviation of the wind direction; this parameter, which can easily be derived from continuous measurements at the site, is shown in the first part of the study to be a relevant tracer when compared to predictions from the Meso-NH atmospheric model. Similar to other high-altitude sites, FT conditions are mainly encountered at night at Maïdo; therefore, the link to NPF could not be established, and further research is needed to assess the composition of precursors to nanoparticle formation in the marine FT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

9. Evidence of an Ozone Mini-Hole Structure in the Early Hunga Tonga Plume Above the Indian Ocean

Author: Millet, Tristan, primary, Bencherif, Hassan, additional, Portafaix, Thierry, additional, Bègue, Nelson, additional, Baron, Alexandre, additional, Duflot, Valentin, additional, Sicard, Michaël, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Payen, Guillaume, additional, Marquestaut, Nicolas, additional, and Godin-Beekmann, Sophie, additional
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

10. Unexpectedly rapid aerosol formation in the Hunga Tonga plume

Author: Asher, Elizabeth, primary, Todt, Michael, additional, Rosenlof, Karen, additional, Thornberry, Troy, additional, Gao, Ru-Shan, additional, Taha, Ghassan, additional, Walter, Paul, additional, Alvarez, Sergio, additional, Flynn, James, additional, Davis, Sean M., additional, Evan, Stephanie, additional, Brioude, Jerome, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Hurst, Dale F., additional, Hall, Emrys, additional, and Xiong, Kensy, additional
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

11. Rapid ozone depletion after humidification of the stratosphere by the Hunga Tonga Eruption

Author: Evan, Stephanie, primary, Brioude, Jerome, additional, Rosenlof, Karen H., additional, Gao, Ru-Shan, additional, Portmann, Robert W., additional, Zhu, Yunqian, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Lee, Christopher F., additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Lamy, Kevin, additional, Walter, Paul, additional, Alvarez, Sergio L., additional, Flynn, James H., additional, Asher, Elizabeth, additional, Todt, Michael, additional, Davis, Sean M., additional, Thornberry, Troy, additional, Vömel, Holger, additional, Wienhold, Frank G., additional, Stauffer, Ryan M., additional, Millán, Luis, additional, Santee, Michelle L., additional, Froidevaux, Lucien, additional, and Read, William G., additional
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

12. Measurement Report: Bio-physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion Island, Indian Ocean): overview of results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign

Author: Leriche, Maud, primary, Tulet, Pierre, additional, Deguillaume, Laurent, additional, Burnet, Frédéric, additional, Colomb, Aurélie, additional, Borbon, Agnès, additional, Jambert, Corinne, additional, Duflot, Valentin, additional, Houdier, Stéphan, additional, Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, additional, Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, additional, Dominutti, Pamela, additional, Rocco, Manon, additional, Mouchel-Vallon, Camille, additional, El Gdachi, Samira, additional, Brissy, Maxence, additional, Fathalli, Maroua, additional, Maury, Nicolas, additional, Verreyken, Bert, additional, Amelynck, Crist, additional, Schoon, Niels, additional, Gros, Valérie, additional, Pichon, Jean-Marc, additional, Ribeiro, Mickael, additional, Pique, Eric, additional, Leclerc, Emmanuel, additional, Bourrianne, Thierry, additional, Roy, Axel, additional, Moulin, Eric, additional, Barrie, Joël, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Péris, Guillaume, additional, Guadagno, Christian, additional, Bhugwant, Chatrapatty, additional, Tibere, Jean-Mathieu, additional, Tournigand, Arnaud, additional, Freney, Evelyn, additional, Sellegri, Karine, additional, Delort, Anne-Marie, additional, Amato, Pierre, additional, Joly, Muriel, additional, Baray, Jean-Luc, additional, Renard, Pascal, additional, Bianco, Angelica, additional, Réchou, Anne, additional, and Payen, Guillaume, additional
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

13. Supplementary material to "Measurement Report: Bio-physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion Island, Indian Ocean): overview of results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign"

Author: Leriche, Maud, primary, Tulet, Pierre, additional, Deguillaume, Laurent, additional, Burnet, Frédéric, additional, Colomb, Aurélie, additional, Borbon, Agnès, additional, Jambert, Corinne, additional, Duflot, Valentin, additional, Houdier, Stéphan, additional, Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, additional, Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, additional, Dominutti, Pamela, additional, Rocco, Manon, additional, Mouchel-Vallon, Camille, additional, El Gdachi, Samira, additional, Brissy, Maxence, additional, Fathalli, Maroua, additional, Maury, Nicolas, additional, Verreyken, Bert, additional, Amelynck, Crist, additional, Schoon, Niels, additional, Gros, Valérie, additional, Pichon, Jean-Marc, additional, Ribeiro, Mickael, additional, Pique, Eric, additional, Leclerc, Emmanuel, additional, Bourrianne, Thierry, additional, Roy, Axel, additional, Moulin, Eric, additional, Barrie, Joël, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Péris, Guillaume, additional, Guadagno, Christian, additional, Bhugwant, Chatrapatty, additional, Tibere, Jean-Mathieu, additional, Tournigand, Arnaud, additional, Freney, Evelyn, additional, Sellegri, Karine, additional, Delort, Anne-Marie, additional, Amato, Pierre, additional, Joly, Muriel, additional, Baray, Jean-Luc, additional, Renard, Pascal, additional, Bianco, Angelica, additional, Réchou, Anne, additional, and Payen, Guillaume, additional
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

14. Supplementary material to "Measurement Report: Insights into the chemical composition of molecular clusters present in the free troposphere over the Southern Indian Ocean: observations from the Maïdo observatory (2150 m a.s.l., Reunion Island)"

Author: Salignat, Romain, primary, Rissanen, Matti, additional, Iyer, Siddharth, additional, Baray, Jean-Luc, additional, Tulet, Pierre, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Brioude, Jérôme, additional, Sellegri, Karine, additional, and Rose, Clémence, additional
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

15. Measurement Report: Insights into the chemical composition of molecular clusters present in the free troposphere over the Southern Indian Ocean: observations from the Maïdo observatory (2150 m a.s.l., Reunion Island)

Author: Salignat, Romain, primary, Rissanen, Matti, additional, Iyer, Siddharth, additional, Baray, Jean-Luc, additional, Tulet, Pierre, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Brioude, Jérôme, additional, Sellegri, Karine, additional, and Rose, Clémence, additional
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

16. Bias correction of OMI HCHO columns based on FTIR and aircraft measurements and impact on top-down emission estimates.

Author: Müller, Jean-François, Stavrakou, Trissevgeni, Oomen, Glenn-Michael, Opacka, Beata, De Smedt, Isabelle, Guenther, Alex, Vigouroux, Corinne, Langerock, Bavo, Aquino, Carlos Augusto Bauer, Grutter, Michel, Hannigan, James, Hase, Frank, Kivi, Rigel, Lutsch, Erik, Mahieu, Emmanuel, Makarova, Maria, Metzger, Jean-Marc, Morino, Isamu, Murata, Isao, and Nagahama, Tomoo
Subjects: STATISTICAL bias, MODEL airplanes, VOLATILE organic compounds, EMISSION inventories, SPACE-based radar, COMPOSITE columns
Abstract: Spaceborne formaldehyde (HCHO) measurements constitute an excellent proxy for the sources of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs). Past studies suggested substantial overestimations of NMVOC emissions in state-of-the-art inventories over major source regions. Here, the QA4ECV (Quality Assurance for Essential Climate Variables) retrieval of HCHO columns from OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) is evaluated against (1) FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) column observations at 26 stations worldwide and (2) aircraft in situ HCHO concentration measurements from campaigns conducted over the USA during 2012–2013. Both validation exercises show that OMI underestimates high columns and overestimates low columns. The linear regression of OMI and aircraft-based columns gives ΩOMI=0.651Ωairc+2.95×1015 molec.cm-2 , with ΩOMI and Ωairc the OMI and aircraft-derived vertical columns, whereas the regression of OMI and FTIR data gives ΩOMI=0.659ΩFTIR+2.02×1015 molec.cm-2. Inverse modelling of NMVOC emissions with a global model based on OMI columns corrected for biases based on those relationships leads to much-improved agreement against FTIR data and HCHO concentrations from 11 aircraft campaigns. The optimized global isoprene emissions (∼445Tgyr-1) are 25% higher than those obtained without bias correction. The optimized isoprene emissions bear both striking similarities and differences with recently published emissions based on spaceborne isoprene columns from the CrIS (Cross-track Infrared Sounder) sensor. Although the interannual variability of OMI HCHO columns is well understood over regions where biogenic emissions are dominant, and the HCHO trends over China and India clearly reflect anthropogenic emission changes, the observed HCHO decline over the southeastern USA remains imperfectly elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

17. Is the Isotopic Composition of Precipitation a Robust Indicator for Reconstructions of Past Tropical Cyclones Frequency? A Case Study on Réunion Island From Rain and Water Vapor Isotopic Observations.

Author: Vimeux, Françoise, Risi, Camille, Barthe, Christelle, François, Sören, Cauquoin, Alexandre, Jossoud, Olivier, Metzger, Jean‐Marc, Cattani, Olivier, Minster, Bénédicte, and Werner, Martin
Subjects: WATER vapor, RAINWATER, TROPICAL cyclones, COMPOSITION of water, HYDROGEN atom, CYCLONES, TROPICAL climate, RAINFALL
Abstract: Based on a 6‐year long record (2014–2020) of the isotopic composition of rain (δ18Op) at Réunion Island (55°E, 22°S), in the South‐West Indian Ocean, this study shows that the annual isotopic composition of precipitation in this region is strongly controlled by the number of cyclones, the number of best‐track days, and the proportion of cyclonic rain during the year. Our results support the use of δ18Op in annual‐resolved tropical climate archives as a reliable proxy of past cyclone frequency. The influence of the proportion of cyclonic rain on the annual isotopic composition arises from the systematically more depleted precipitation and water vapor during cyclonic events than during less organized convective systems. The analysis of the daily to hourly isotopic composition of water vapor (δ18Ov) during low‐pressure systems and the reproduction of daily δ18Ov observations by AGCMs with a global medium to coarse resolution (LMDZ‐iso and ECHAM6‐wiso) suggest that during cyclonic periods the stronger depletion mainly arises from both enhanced large‐scale precipitation and water vapor‐rain interactions under humid conditions. Plain Language Summary: Water molecules have different forms: 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen 16 (majority form), or 1 atom of hydrogen, 1 atom of deuterium (2H) and 1 atom of oxygen 16, or 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen 18. The relative proportion of these different molecules in precipitation and water vapor is called isotopic composition. We have analyzed the isotopic composition of rain and water vapor at Réunion Island (55°E, 22°S), in the South‐West Indian Ocean, for 6 years (2014–2020). We show that the annual isotopic composition of precipitation in this region is a reliable indicator of the number of tropical cyclones (TCs) during the year. This opens the possibility to use annual‐resolved tropical climate archives of the isotopic composition of precipitation, like speleothems, to study how cyclone frequency in the Indian Ocean has varied in the past under different mean climates (warmer or colder). This study also seeks to understand why the isotopic composition of precipitation behaves in this way during TCs. We show that this is due to increased precipitation at the regional scale and enhanced exchanges of water molecules between rain and water vapor in the vicinity of TCs. Key Points: The annual isotopic composition of precipitation on Réunion Island is controlled by the number of cyclones per yearBoth precipitation and water vapor are systematically more depleted during cyclonic periodsMore large‐scale precipitation and rain–vapor interactions are responsible for the stronger isotopic depletion during tropical cyclones (TCs) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
Full Text: View/download PDF

18. Evidence of an Ozone Mini-Hole Structure in the Early Hunga Tonga Plume Above the Indian Ocean.

Author: Millet, Tristan, Bencherif, Hassan, Portafaix, Thierry, Bègue, Nelson, Baron, Alexandre, Duflot, Valentin, Sicard, Michaël, Metzger, Jean-Marc, Payen, Guillaume, Marquestaut, Nicolas, and Godin-Beekmann, Sophie
Subjects: OZONE layer, OZONE, VOLCANIC plumes, STRATOSPHERIC circulation, LATITUDE, WATER vapor
Abstract: On 15 January 2022, the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) volcano (20.5° S, 175.4° E) erupted, releasing significant amounts of aerosols, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and water vapor (H2O) into the stratosphere. Due to the general stratospheric circulation of the southern hemisphere, this volcanic plume traveled westward and impacted the Indian Ocean and Reunion (21.1° S, 55.5° E) a few days after the eruption. This study aims to show how the currently available ozone observations highlight the stratospheric dynamics during the first week following the eruption. The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite Limb Profiler (OMPS-LP) aerosol extinction profiles were used to investigate the vertical and latitudinal extension of the volcanic plume over the Indian Ocean. The volcanic aerosol plume was also observed with an aerosol lidar and a sunphotometer located at Reunion. The impact of this plume on stratospheric ozone was then investigated using MLS (Microwave Limb Spectrometer), OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument), MERRA-2 (Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2) and M2-SCREAM (MERRA-2 Stratospheric Composition Reanalysis of Aura MLS) ozone profiles and total ozone. The results show that the volcanic plume traveled over Reunion at altitudes ranging from 26.8 to 29.7 km and spanned more than 20 degrees of latitude over the Indian Ocean. Ozone analyses reveal an ozone mini-hole structure, with the Total Column Ozone (TCO) anomaly of -15 DU from MERRA-2 covering an area of 12.06×105 km2 on 17 January and 4.94 × 105 km2 on 22 January. The ozone profiles from MLS show that a maximum stratospheric column ozone anomaly of -14.66 DU (-6.38 %) was found within the aerosol plume on 20 January. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

19. Bias characterization of OMI HCHO columns based on FTIR and aircraft measurements and impact on top-down emission estimates.

Author: Müller, Jean-François, Stavrakou, Trissevgeni, Oomen, Glenn-Michael, Opacka, Beata, Smedt, Isabelle De, Guenther, Alex, Vigouroux, Corinne, Langerock, Bavo, Aquino, Carlos Augusto Bauer, Grutter, Michel, Hannigan, James, Hase, Frank, Kivi, Rigel, Lutsch, Erik, Mahieu, Emmanuel, Makarova, Maria, Metzger, Jean-Marc, Morino, Isamu, Murata, Isao, and Nagahama, Tomoo
Subjects: MODEL airplanes, STATISTICAL bias, VOLATILE organic compounds, EMISSION inventories, SPACE-based radar, COMPOSITE columns
Abstract: Spaceborne formaldehyde (HCHO) measurements constitute an excellent proxy for the sources of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs). Past studies suggested substantial overestimation of NMVOC emissions in state-of-the-art inventories over major source regions. Here, the QA4ECV (Quality Assurance for Essential Climate Variables) retrieval of HCHO columns from OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) are evaluated against (1) FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) column observations at 26 stations worldwide, and (2) aircraft in situ HCHO measurements from campaigns conducted over the U.S. in 2012–2013. Both validation exercises show that OMI underestimates high columns and overestimates low columns. The linear regression of OMI and aircraft-based columns gives ΩOMI = 0.651 Ωairc + 2.95×1015 molec.cm-2, with ΩOMI and Ωairc the OMI and aircraft-derived vertical columns, whereas the regression of OMI and FTIR data givesΩOMI = 0.659 ΩFTIR + 2.02×1015 molec.cm-2. Inverse modelling of NMVOC emissions with a global model based on OMI columns corrected for biases based on those relationships leads to much-improved agreement against FTIR data and HCHO concentrations from 11 aircraft campaigns. The optimized global isoprene emissions (~445 Tg yr-1) are 25 % higher than those obtained without bias correction. The optimized isoprene emissions bear both striking similarities and differences with recently published emissions based on spaceborne isoprene columns from the CrIS (Cross-track Infrared Sounder) sensor. Although the interannual variability of OMI HCHO columns is well understood over regions where biogenic emissions are dominant, and the HCHO trends over China and India clearly reflect anthropogenic emission changes, the observed HCHO decline over Southeastern U.S. remains imperfectly elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

20. Bio-physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion Island, Indian Ocean): overview of results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign

Author: Leriche, Maud, Tulet, Pierre, Deguillaume, Laurent, Burnet, Frédéric, Colomb, Aurélie, Borbon, Agnès, Jambert, Corinne, Duflot, Valentin, Houdier, Stéphan, Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, Mouchel-Vallon, Camille, Dominutti, Pamela, Rocco, Manon, Gdachi, Samira, Brissy, Maxence, Fathalli, Maroua, Maury, Nicolas, Verreyken, Bert, Amelynck, Crist, Schoon, Niels, Gros, Valérie, Pichon, Jean-Marc, Ribeiro, Mickael, Pique, Eric, Leclerc, Emmanuel, Bourrianne, Thierry, Roy, Axel, Moulin, Eric, Barrie, Joël, Metzger, Jean-Marc, Péris, Guillaume, Guadagno, Christian, Bhugwant, Chatrapatty, Tibere, Jean-Mathieu, Tournigand, Arnaud, Freney, Evelyn, Sellegri, Karine, Delort, Anne-Marie, Amato, Pierre, Joly, Muriel, Baray, Jean-Luc, Renard, Pascal, Bianco, Angelica, Réchou, Anne, Payen, Guillaume, Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre ESCER, Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Recherche en Géosciences et Energies [UR2_1] (LARGE), Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national polytechnique Clermont Auvergne (INP Clermont Auvergne), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Department of Chemistry, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Departement of Chemistry, University of Ghent, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), ATMO-Réunion, ANR, BIO-MAÏDO, OCTAVE, European Project: 654109,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,ACTRIS-2(2015), and ANR-18-CE01-0013,BIO-MAIDO,Bio-physicochimie des nuages tropicaux au Maïdo (Île de la Réunion) : processus et impacts sur la formation des aérosols organiques secondaires(2018)
Subjects: Atmospheric chemistry, Field campaign, tropical atmosphere, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], COV, Réunion Island, cloud, aerosols
Abstract: The BIO-MAÏDO (Bio-physicochemistry of tropical clouds at Maïdo (Réunion Island): processes and impacts on secondary organic aerosols formation) campaign was conducted from the 13th of March to the 4th of April 2019 on the tropical Réunion Island and implied several scientific teams and state-of-the-art instrumentation. The campaign was part of the BIO-MAÏDO project with the main objective is to improve our understanding of cloud impacts on the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) precursors in a tropical environment. Instruments were deployed at five sites: a receptor site, the Maïdo observatory (MO) at 2165 m asl, and four sites along the slope of the Maïdo mountain. The obtained dataset includes measurements of the gas-phase mixings ratio of volatile organic compounds (VOC), the characterization of the physical, chemical, and biological (bacterial diversity) properties of aerosols and the characterization of the physical, chemical and biological (identification of viable bacteria through culture-based approaches) properties of the cloud water. In addition, the turbulent parameters of the boundary layer, radiative fluxes, and emissions fluxes of BVOC from the surrounding vegetation were measured to help with the interpretation of the observed chemical concentrations in the different phases. Dynamical analyses using back-trajectories show two preferred trajectories routes for air masses arriving at MO during the daytime both corresponding to the return branches of the trade winds associated with the up-slopes thermal breezes, and both influenced by marine boundary layer and endemic forest below the Maïdo observatory. Additional analysis based on a high-resolution Meso-NH simulation for a typical cloudy day indicates that air masses sampled at MO likely encountered cloud processing during its transport along the slope. The highest mixing ratio of oxygenated VOC (OVOC) were measured above the site located in the endemic forest and the highest contribution of OVOC to total VOC at MO. Chemical composition of particles during the daytime shows that organic aerosol is more oxidized at MO than at other sites along the slope. This is a signature of photochemical aerosols aging along the slope. A higher concentration of oxalic acid at a site below MO indicates this oxidation occurs potentially through cloud processing. Despite an in-depth analysis of organic compounds in cloud water, around 80% on average of dissolved organic compounds is undefined highlighting the complexity of the cloud organic matter. The BIO-MAÏDO project is focusing on the analysis of observations and processes using numerical simulations: a 0D cloud chemistry model including biodegradation by bacteria in cloud water and a high-resolution 3D model coupling dynamical, microphysical and chemical processes.
Published: 2023

21. Validation of methane and carbon monoxide from Sentinel-5 Precursor using TCCON and NDACC-IRWG stations

Author: SHA, Mahesh Kumar, LANGEROCK, Bavo, BLAVIER, Jean-François L., BLUMENSTOCK, Thomas, BORSDORFF, Tobias, BUSCHMANN, Matthias, DEHN, Angelika, DEMAZIERE, Martine, DEUTSCHER, Nicholas M., FEIST, Dietrich G., GARCIA, Omaira E., GRIFFITH, David W. T., GRUTTER, Michel, HANNIGAN, James W., HASE, Frank, HEIKKINEN, Pauli, HERMANS, Christian, IRACI, Laura T., JESECK, Pascal, JONES, Nicholas, KIVI, Rigel, KUMPS, Nicolas, LANDGRAF, Jochen, LORENTE, Alba, MAHIEU, Emmanuel, MAKAROVA, Maria V., MELLQVIST, Johan, METZGER, Jean-Marc, NOTHOLT, Justus, ORTEGA, Ivan, PALM, Mathias, PETRI, Christof, POLLARD, David F., RETTINGER, Markus, ROBINSON, John, ROCHE, Sebastien, ROEHL, Coleen M., ROHLING, Amelie N., ROUSOGENOUS, Constantina, SCHNEIDER, Matthias, MORINO, Isamu, NAGAHAMA, Tomoo, OYAMA, Hirofumi, SHIOMI, Kei, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sentinel 5P, TCCON, Environmental engineering, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Methane, Atmosphere, Atmospheric composition, Troposphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Earthwork. Foundations, Validation, ddc:550, NDACC, Total Carbon Column Observing Network, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], CH4, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], TA715-787, Network data, TA170-171, On board, CO, Earth sciences, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Carbon monoxide
Abstract: 著者人数: 60名, 形態: カラー図版あり, Number of authors: 60, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, Accepted: 2021-08-18, 資料番号: PA2210074000
Published: 2021

22. Evaluation of the Sources, Precursors, and Processing of Aerosols at a High-Altitude Tropical Site

Author: Dominutti, Pamela, Chevassus, Emmanuel, Baray, Jean-Luc, Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, Borbon, Agnès, Colomb, Aurélie, Deguillaume, Laurent, El Gdachi, Samira, Houdier, Stephan, Leriche, Maud, Metzger, Jean-Marc, Rocco, Manon, Tulet, Pierre, Sellegri, Karine, Freney, Evelyn, Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Laboratoire d'aérologie (LAERO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Centre ESCER, Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), ANR-18-CE01-0013,BIO-MAIDO,Bio-physicochimie des nuages tropicaux au Maïdo (Île de la Réunion) : processus et impacts sur la formation des aérosols organiques secondaires(2018), and European Project: 654109,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,ACTRIS-2(2015)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Cloud processing, Positive matrix factorization, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, ToF-ACSM, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Secondary organic aerosols, Aqueous-phase chemistry, Southern Hemisphere, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: International audience; This work presents the results from a set of aerosol- and gas-phase measurements collected during the BIO-MAIDÖ field campaign in Reunion ́ between March 8 and April 5, 2019. Several offline and online sampling devices were installed at the Maidö Observatory (MO), a remote high-altitude site in the Southern Hemisphere, allowing the physical and chemical characterization of atmospheric aerosols and gases. The evaluation of short-lived gas-phase measurements allows us to conclude that air masses sampled during this period contained little or no anthropogenic influence. The dominance of sulfate and organic species in the submicron fraction of the aerosol is similar to that measured at other coastal sites.Carboxylic acids on PM10 showed a significant contribution of oxalic acid, a typical tracer of aqueous processed air masses, increasing at the end of the campaign. This result agrees with the positive matrix factorization analysis of the submicron organic aerosol, where more oxidized organic aerosols (MOOAs) dominated the organic aerosol with an increasing contribution toward the end of the campaign. Using a combination of air mass trajectories (model predictions), it was possible to assess the impact of aqueous phase processing on the formation of secondary organic aerosols(SOAs). Our results show how specific chemical signatures and physical properties of air masses, possibly affected by cloud processing, can be identified at Reunion. ́ These changes in properties are represented by a shift in aerosol size distribution to large diameters and an increased contribution of secondary sulfate and organic aerosols after cloud processing.
Published: 2022

23. Aerosols on the Tropical Island of La Réunion (21°S, 55°E): Assessment of Climatology, Origin of Variability and Trend

Author: Duflot, Valentin, primary, Bègue, Nelson, additional, Pouliquen, Marie-Léa, additional, Goloub, Philippe, additional, and Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

24. Measurement Report: Insights into the chemical composition of molecular clusters present in the free troposphere over the Southern Indian Ocean: observations from the Maïdo observatory (2150 m a.s.l., Reunion Island).

Author: Salignat, Romain, Rissanen, Matti, Iyer, Siddharth, Baray, Jean-Luc, Tulet, Pierre, Metzger, Jean-Marc, Brioude, Jérôme, Sellegri, Karine, and Rose, Clémence
Subjects: MOLECULAR clusters, CLOUD condensation nuclei, TIME-of-flight mass spectrometers, SULFUR cycle, ATMOSPHERIC ammonia, ATMOSPHERIC ionization, TROPOSPHERE
Abstract: New particle formation (NPF) in the free troposphere (FT) is thought to be a significant source of particles over the oceans. The entrainment of particles initially formed in the marine FT is further suspected to be a major contributor to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number concentrations in the marine boundary layer (BL). Yet, little is known about the process, and more broadly about the composition of the marine FT, which remains poorly explored due to access difficulties. Here we report measurements performed in April 2018 at the Maïdo observatory with a nitrate based chemical ionisation atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer, which have allowed the first molecular-level characterisation of the clusters present in the remote marine FT. A number of clusters were identified and classified into 9 groups according to their chemical composition, among which the groups containing methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and C2 amines, which show signals that are on average significantly higher when the site is under conditions representative of the marine FT (compared to the BL). The correlation analysis revealed apparent connections between the signals of the identified compounds and several variables concurrently measured at the site (under FT conditions) or related to air mass history, suggesting that oxalic acid, malonic acid and observed C2 and C4 amines could be of terrestrial origin, with, in addition, a possible marine source for oxalic acid and amines, while iodic acid, sulfur species and maleic acid have a dominant marine origin. Identification of FT conditions at the site was based on the analysis of the standard deviation of the wind direction; this parameter, which can easily be derived from continuous measurements at the site, is shown in the first part of the study to be a relevant tracer when compared to predictions from the Meso-NH atmospheric model. Similar to other high altitude sites, FT conditions are mainly encountered at night at Maïdo and therefore the link to NPF could not be established, and further research is needed to assess the composition of precursors to nanoparticle formation in the marine FT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
Full Text: View/download PDF

25. Analysis of CO2, CH4, and CO surface and column concentrations observed at Réunion Island by assessing WRF-Chem simulations

Author: Callewaert, Sieglinde, Brioude, Jérôme, Langerock, Bavo, Duflot, Valentin, Fonteyn, Dominique, Müller, Jean-François, Metzger, Jean-Marc, Hermans, Christian, Kumps, Nicolas, Ramonet, Michel, Lopez, Morgan, Mahieu, Emmanuel, de Mazière, Martine, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Liège
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment
Abstract: Réunion Island is situated in the Indian Ocean and holds one of the very few atmospheric observatories in the tropical Southern Hemisphere. Moreover, it hosts experiments providing both ground-based surface and column observations of CO2, CH4, and CO atmospheric concentrations. This work presents a comprehensive study of these observations made in the capital Saint-Denis and at the high-altitude Maïdo Observatory. We used simulations of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), in its passive tracer option (WRF-GHG), to gain more insight to the factors that determine the observed concentrations. Additionally, this study provides an evaluation of the WRF-GHG performance in a region of the globe where it has not yet been applied. A comparison of the basic meteorological fields near the surface and along atmospheric profiles showed that WRF-GHG has decent skill in reproducing these meteorological measurements, especially temperature. Furthermore, a distinct diurnal CO2 cycle with values up to 450 ppm was found near the surface in Saint-Denis, driven by local anthropogenic emissions, boundary layer dynamics, and accumulation due to low wind speed at night. Due to an overestimation of local wind speed, WRF-GHG underestimates this nocturnal buildup. At Maïdo, a similar diurnal cycle is found but with much smaller amplitude. There, surface CO2 is essentially driven by the surrounding vegetation. The hourly column-averaged mole fractions of CO2 (XCO2) of WRF-GHG and the corresponding TCCON observations were highly correlated with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.90. These observations represent different air masses to those near the surface; they are influenced by processes from Madagascar, Africa, and further away. The model shows contributions from fires during the Southern Hemisphere biomass burning season but also biogenic enhancements associated with the dry season. Due to a seasonal bias in the boundary conditions, WRF-GHG fails to accurately reproduce the CH4 observations at Réunion Island. Furthermore, local anthropogenic fluxes are the largest source influencing the surface CH4 observations. However, these are likely overestimated. Furthermore, WRF-GHG is capable of simulating CO levels on Réunion Island with a high precision. As to the observed CO column (XCO), we confirmed that biomass burning plumes from Africa and elsewhere are important for explaining the observed variability. The in situ observations at the Maïdo Observatory can characterize both anthropogenic signals from the coastal regions and biomass burning enhancements from afar. Finally, we found that a high model resolution of 2 km is needed to accurately represent the surface observations. At Maïdo an even higher resolution might be needed because of the complex topography and local wind patterns. To simulate the column Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) observations on the other hand, a model resolution of 50 km might already be sufficient.
Published: 2022

26. Aerosol Characterization of the Stratospheric Plume From the Volcanic Eruption at Hunga Tonga 15 January 2022

Author: Kloss, Corinna, primary, Sellitto, Pasquale, additional, Renard, Jean‐Baptiste, additional, Baron, Alexandre, additional, Bègue, Nelson, additional, Legras, Bernard, additional, Berthet, Gwenaël, additional, Briaud, Emmanuel, additional, Carboni, Elisa, additional, Duchamp, Clair, additional, Duflot, Valentin, additional, Jacquet, Patrick, additional, Marquestaut, Nicolas, additional, Metzger, Jean‐Marc, additional, Payen, Guillaume, additional, Ranaivombola, Marion, additional, Roberts, Tjarda, additional, Siddans, Richard, additional, and Jégou, Fabrice, additional
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. Aerosol characterization of the stratospheric plume from the volcanic eruption at Hunga Tonga January 15th 2022

Author: Kloss, Corinna, primary, Sellitto, Pasquale, additional, renard, jean-baptiste, additional, Baron, Alexandre, additional, BEGUE, Nelson, additional, Legras, Bernard, additional, Berthet, Gwenael, additional, Briaud, Emmanuel, additional, Carboni, Elisa, additional, Duchamp, Clair, additional, Duflot, Valentin, additional, Jacquet, Patrick, additional, Marquestaut, Nicolas, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Payen, Guillaume, additional, Ranaivombola, Marion, additional, Roberts, Tjarda, additional, Siddans, Richard, additional, and Jegou, Fabrice, additional
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

28. Two-year operation of the lidar1200: from fine-scale tropospheric structures to lower stratospheric water vapor detection

Author: Vérèmes Hélène, Payen Guillaume, Keckhut Philippe, Duflot Valentin, Baray Jean-Luc, Cammas Jean-Pierre, de Bellevue Jimmy Leclair, Posny Françoise, Evan Stéphanie, Metzger Jean-Marc, Marquestaut Nicolas, Gabarrot Franck, Meier Susanne, Vömel Holger, and Dirksen Ruud
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The 2-year lidar water vapor database (November 2013 - October 2015) of the Maïdo Observatory (Reunion Island / 21°S,55.5°E) is now processed. The performances of the lidar in providing accurate vertical structures are shown to be good. The ability to measure quantities of a few ppmv in the lower stratosphere is demonstrated (based on Cryogenic Frost point Hygrometer sonde/lidar profiles comparisons) for a 48-hour integration time period, up to 22 km (with a vertical resolution of 1.3 km).
Published: 2018
Full Text: View/download PDF

29. Analysis of CO2, CH4 and CO surface and column concentrations observed at Reunion Island by assessing WRF-Chem simulations

Author: Callewaert, Sieglinde, primary, Brioude, Jérôme, additional, Langerock, Bavo, additional, Duflot, Valentin, additional, Fonteyn, Dominique, additional, Müller, Jean-François, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Hermans, Christian, additional, Kumps, Nicolas, additional, Mahieu, Emmanuel, additional, and De Mazière, Martine, additional
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Variability of the Aerosol Content in the Tropical Lower Stratosphere from 2013 to 2019: Evidence of Volcanic Eruption Impacts

Author: Tidiga, Mariam, primary, Berthet, Gwenaël, additional, Jégou, Fabrice, additional, Kloss, Corinna, additional, Bègue, Nelson, additional, Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Bossolasco, Adriana, additional, Clarisse, Lieven, additional, Taha, Ghassan, additional, Portafaix, Thierry, additional, Deshler, Terry, additional, Wienhold, Frank G., additional, Godin-Beekmann, Sophie, additional, Payen, Guillaume, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Duflot, Valentin, additional, and Marquestaut, Nicolas, additional
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

31. Insights into tropical cloud chemistry in Réunion (Indian Ocean): results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign

Author: Dominutti, Pamela A., primary, Renard, Pascal, additional, Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, additional, Bianco, Angelica, additional, Baray, Jean-Luc, additional, Borbon, Agnès, additional, Bourianne, Thierry, additional, Burnet, Frédéric, additional, Colomb, Aurélie, additional, Delort, Anne-Marie, additional, Duflot, Valentin, additional, Houdier, Stephan, additional, Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, additional, Joly, Muriel, additional, Leremboure, Martin, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Pichon, Jean-Marc, additional, Ribeiro, Mickaël, additional, Rocco, Manon, additional, Tulet, Pierre, additional, Vella, Anthony, additional, Leriche, Maud, additional, and Deguillaume, Laurent, additional
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

32. Rayonnement UV solaire en France métropolitaine et à La Réunion : érythème et synthèse de la vitamine D

Author: Brogniez, Colette, primary, Doré, Jean-François, additional, Auriol, Frédérique, additional, Cesarini, Pierre, additional, Minvielle, Fanny, additional, Portafaix, Thierry, additional, Deroo, Christine, additional, Catalfamo, Maxime, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, and Da Conceicao, Pierre, additional
Published: 2022
Full Text: View/download PDF

33. Seasonality of the particle number concentration and size distribution: a global analysis retrieved from the network of Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) near-surface observatories

Author: Rose, Clémence, primary, Collaud Coen, Martine, additional, Andrews, Elisabeth, additional, Lin, Yong, additional, Bossert, Isaline, additional, Lund Myhre, Cathrine, additional, Tuch, Thomas, additional, Wiedensohler, Alfred, additional, Fiebig, Markus, additional, Aalto, Pasi, additional, Alastuey, Andrés, additional, Alonso-Blanco, Elisabeth, additional, Andrade, Marcos, additional, Artíñano, Begoña, additional, Arsov, Todor, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Bastian, Susanne, additional, Bath, Olaf, additional, Beukes, Johan Paul, additional, Brem, Benjamin T., additional, Bukowiecki, Nicolas, additional, Casquero-Vera, Juan Andrés, additional, Conil, Sébastien, additional, Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos, additional, Favez, Olivier, additional, Flentje, Harald, additional, Gini, Maria I., additional, Gómez-Moreno, Francisco Javier, additional, Gysel-Beer, Martin, additional, Hallar, Anna Gannet, additional, Kalapov, Ivo, additional, Kalivitis, Nikos, additional, Kasper-Giebl, Anne, additional, Keywood, Melita, additional, Kim, Jeong Eun, additional, Kim, Sang-Woo, additional, Kristensson, Adam, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Lihavainen, Heikki, additional, Lin, Neng-Huei, additional, Lyamani, Hassan, additional, Marinoni, Angela, additional, Martins Dos Santos, Sebastiao, additional, Mayol-Bracero, Olga L., additional, Meinhardt, Frank, additional, Merkel, Maik, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, additional, Ondracek, Jakub, additional, Pandolfi, Marco, additional, Pérez, Noemi, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Petit, Jean-Eudes, additional, Picard, David, additional, Pichon, Jean-Marc, additional, Pont, Veronique, additional, Putaud, Jean-Philippe, additional, Reisen, Fabienne, additional, Sellegri, Karine, additional, Sharma, Sangeeta, additional, Schauer, Gerhard, additional, Sheridan, Patrick, additional, Sherman, James Patrick, additional, Schwerin, Andreas, additional, Sohmer, Ralf, additional, Sorribas, Mar, additional, Sun, Junying, additional, Tulet, Pierre, additional, Vakkari, Ville, additional, van Zyl, Pieter Gideon, additional, Velarde, Fernando, additional, Villani, Paolo, additional, Vratolis, Stergios, additional, Wagner, Zdenek, additional, Wang, Sheng-Hsiang, additional, Weinhold, Kay, additional, Weller, Rolf, additional, Yela, Margarita, additional, Zdimal, Vladimir, additional, and Laj, Paolo, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

34. Tropospheric and stratospheric NO retrieved from ground-based Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) measurements

Author: Zhou, Minqiang, primary, Langerock, Bavo, additional, Vigouroux, Corinne, additional, Dils, Bart, additional, Hermans, Christian, additional, Kumps, Nicolas, additional, Nan, Weidong, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Mahieu, Emmanuel, additional, Wang, Ting, additional, Wang, Pucai, additional, and De Mazière, Martine, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Measurement report: Source apportionment of volatile organic compounds at the remote high-altitude Maïdo observatory

Author: Verreyken, Bert, primary, Amelynck, Crist, additional, Schoon, Niels, additional, Müller, Jean-François, additional, Brioude, Jérôme, additional, Kumps, Nicolas, additional, Hermans, Christian, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Colomb, Aurélie, additional, and Stavrakou, Trissevgeni, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

36. Retrieval of atmospheric CH4 vertical information from ground-based FTS near-infrared spectra

Author: Zhou, Minqiang, Langerock, Bavo, Sha, Mahesh Kumar, Kumps, Nicolas, Hermans, Christian, Petri, Christof, Warneke, Thorsten, Chen, Huilin, Metzger, Jean-Marc, Kivi, Rigel, Heikkinen, Pauli, Ramonet, Michel, de Mazière, Martine, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Génétique Moléculaire des Plantes, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Institut für Umweltphysik [Bremen] (IUP), Universität Bremen, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Isotope Research, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: CALIBRATION, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, TROPOSPHERIC METHANE, lcsh:TA715-787, IN-SITU, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, TCCON, COLUMN-AVERAGED CH4, PROFILES, VALIDATION, lcsh:Environmental engineering, GAS, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], MOLE FRACTION, CO2, lcsh:TA170-171
Abstract: The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) column-averaged dry air mole fraction of CH4 (XCH4) measurements have been widely used to validate satellite observations and to estimate model simulations. The GGG2014 code is the standard TCCON retrieval software used in performing a profile scaling retrieval. In order to obtain several vertical pieces of information in addition to the total column, in this study, the SFIT4 retrieval code is applied to retrieve the CH4 mole fraction vertical profile from the Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) spectrum at six sites (Ny-Ålesund, Sodankylä, Bialystok, Bremen, Orléans and St Denis) during the time period of 2016–2017. The retrieval strategy of the CH4 profile retrieval from ground-based FTS near-infrared (NIR) spectra using the SFIT4 code (SFIT4NIR) is investigated. The degree of freedom for signal (DOFS) of the SFIT4NIR retrieval is about 2.4, with two distinct pieces of information in the troposphere and in the stratosphere. The averaging kernel and error budget of the SFIT4NIR retrieval are presented. The data accuracy and precision of the SFIT4NIR retrievals, including the total column and two partial columns (in the troposphere and stratosphere), are estimated by TCCON standard retrievals, ground-based in situ measurements, Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment – Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) satellite observations, TCCON proxy data and AirCore and aircraft measurements. By comparison against TCCON standard retrievals, it is found that the retrieval uncertainty of SFIT4NIR XCH4 is similar to that of TCCON standard retrievals with systematic uncertainty within 0.35 % and random uncertainty of about 0.5 %. The tropospheric and stratospheric XCH4 from SFIT4NIR retrievals are assessed by comparison with AirCore and aircraft measurements, and there is a 1.0 ± 0.3 % overestimation in the SFIT4NIR tropospheric XCH4 and a 4.0 ± 2.0 % underestimation in the SFIT4NIR stratospheric XCH4, which are within the systematic uncertainties of SFIT4NIR-retrieved partial columns in the troposphere and stratosphere respectively.
Published: 2019

37. Supplementary material to "Insights into tropical cloud chemistry at Reunion Island (Indian Ocean): results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign"

Author: Dominutti, Pamela A., primary, Renard, Pascal, additional, Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, additional, Bianco, Angelica, additional, Baray, Jean-Luc, additional, Borbon, Agnès, additional, Bourianne, Thierry, additional, Burnet, Frédéric, additional, Colomb, Aurélie, additional, Delort, Anne-Marie, additional, Duflot, Valentin, additional, Houdier, Stephan, additional, Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, additional, Joly, Muriel, additional, Leremboure, Martin, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Pichon, Jean-Marc, additional, Ribeiro, Mickaël, additional, Rocco, Manon, additional, Tulet, Pierre, additional, Vella, Anthony, additional, Leriche, Maud, additional, and Deguillaume, Laurent, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

38. Insights into tropical cloud chemistry at Reunion Island (Indian Ocean): results from the BIO-MAÏDO campaign

Author: Dominutti, Pamela A., primary, Renard, Pascal, additional, Vaïtilingom, Mickaël, additional, Bianco, Angelica, additional, Baray, Jean-Luc, additional, Borbon, Agnès, additional, Bourianne, Thierry, additional, Burnet, Frédéric, additional, Colomb, Aurélie, additional, Delort, Anne-Marie, additional, Duflot, Valentin, additional, Houdier, Stephan, additional, Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, additional, Joly, Muriel, additional, Leremboure, Martin, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Pichon, Jean-Marc, additional, Ribeiro, Mickaël, additional, Rocco, Manon, additional, Tulet, Pierre, additional, Vella, Anthony, additional, Leriche, Maud, additional, and Deguillaume, Laurent, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

39. Evaluation and optimization of ICOS atmosphere station data as part of the labeling process

Author: Yver-Kwok, Camille, Philippon, Carole, Bergamaschi, Peter, Biermann, Tobias, Calzolari, Francescopiero, Chen, Huilin, Conil, Sebastien, Cristofanelli, Paolo, Delmotte, Marc, Hatakka, Juha, Heliasz, Michal, Hermansen, Ove, Kominkova, Katerina, Kubistin, Dagmar, Kumps, Nicolas, Laurent, Olivier, Laurila, Tuomas, Lehner, Irene, Levula, Janne, Lindauer, Matthias, Lopez, Morgan, Mammarella, Ivan, Manca, Giovanni, Marklund, Per, Metzger, Jean Marc, Mölder, Meelis, Platt, Stephen M., Ramonet, Michel, Rivier, Leonard, Scheeren, Bert, Kumar Sha, Mahesh, Smith, Paul, Steinbacher, Martin, Vítková, Gabriela, Wyss, Simon, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Centre for Environmental and Climate Research [Lund] (CEC), Lund University [Lund], CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Centre for Isotope Research [Groningen] (CIO), University of Groningen [Groningen], ICOS-RAMCES (ICOS-RAMCES), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences (GCRI), Meteorologisches Observatorium Hohenpeißenberg (MOHp), Deutscher Wetterdienst [Offenbach] (DWD), Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), This research has been supported by fundingfrom ICOS Finland (grant no. 281255). This work was supportedby the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of CR withinthe CzeCOS program (grant no. LM201812). ICOS Switzerland isfunded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Phase I (2013–2017): 20FI21_148992, Phase II (2017–2021): 20FI20_173691) and in-house contributions. ICOS Netherlands is substantially supported by the Dutch Research Council (NWO) through the Ruisdael large-scale infrastructure project. ICOS labeling activities atCMN were started under the Project of National Interest NEXDATAwhich is funded by the Italian Ministry for Education, Universityand Research (MIUR). In Belgium, it has been financially supportedsince 2014 by the EU project ICOS-Inwire and the ministerial decree for ICOS (FR/35/IC1 to FR/35/C5)., Ecosystem processes (INAR Forest Sciences), INAR Physics, Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, and Isotope Research
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:TA715-787, Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, lcsh:TA170-171, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 114 Physical sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lcsh:Environmental engineering
Abstract: The Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) is a pan-European research infrastructure which provides harmonized and high-precision scientific data on the carbon cycle and the greenhouse gas budget. All stations have to undergo a rigorous assessment before being labeled, i.e., receiving approval to join the network. In this paper, we present the labeling process for the ICOS atmosphere network through the 23 stations that were labeled between November 2017 and November 2019. We describe the labeling steps, as well as the quality controls, used to verify that the ICOS data (CO2, CH4, CO and meteorological measurements) attain the expected quality level defined within ICOS. To ensure the quality of the greenhouse gas data, three to four calibration gases and two target gases are measured: one target two to three times a day, the other gases twice a month. The data are verified on a weekly basis, and tests on the station sampling lines are performed twice a year. From these high-quality data, we conclude that regular calibrations of the CO2, CH4 and CO analyzers used here (twice a month) are important in particular for carbon monoxide (CO) due to the analyzer's variability and that reducing the number of calibration injections (from four to three) in a calibration sequence is possible, saving gas and extending the calibration gas lifespan. We also show that currently, the on-site water vapor correction test does not deliver quantitative results possibly due to environmental factors. Thus the use of a drying system is strongly recommended. Finally, the mandatory regular intake line tests are shown to be useful in detecting artifacts and leaks, as shown here via three different examples at the stations. .
Published: 2021

40. Seasonality of the particle number concentration and size distribution: a global analysis retrieved from the network of Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) near-surface observatories

Author: Rose, Clémence, Collaud Coen, Martine, Andrews, Elisabeth, Lin, Yong, Bossert, Isaline, Lund Myhre, Cathrine, Tuch, Thomas, Wiedensohler, Alfred, Fiebig, Markus, Aalto, Pasi, Alastuey, Andrés, Alonso-Blanco, Elisabeth, Andrade, Marcos, Artíñano, Begoña, Arsov, Todor, Baltensperger, Urs, Bastian, Susanne, Bath, Olaf, Beukes, Johan Paul, Brem, Benjamin T, Bukowiecki, Nicolas, Casquero-Vera, Juan Andrés, Conil, Sébastien, Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos, Favez, Olivier, Flentje, Harald, Gini, Maria I, Gómez-Moreno, Francisco Javier, Gysel-Beer, Martin, Hallar, Anna Gannet, Kalapov, Ivo, Kalivitis, Nikos, Kasper-Giebl, Anne, Keywood, Melita, Kim, Jeong Eun, Kim, Sang-Woo, Kristensson, Adam, Kulmala, Markku, Lihavainen, Heikki, Lin, Neng-Huei, Lyamani, Hassan, Marinoni, Angela, Martins Dos Santos, Sebastiao, Mayol-Bracero, Olga L, Meinhardt, Frank, Merkel, Maik, Metzger, Jean-Marc, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, Ondracek, Jakub, Pandolfi, Marco, Pérez, Noemi, Petäjä, Tuukka, Petit, Jean-Eudes, Picard, David, Pichon, Jean-Marc, Pont, Veronique, Putaud, Jean-Philippe, Reisen, Fabienne, Sellegri, Karine, Sharma, Sangeeta, Schauer, Gerhard, Sheridan, Patrick, Sherman, James Patrick, Schwerin, Andreas, Sohmer, Ralf, Sorribas, Mar, Sun, Junying, Tulet, Pierre, Vakkari, Ville, van Zyl, Pieter Gideon, Velarde, Fernando, Villani, Paolo, Vratolis, Stergios, Wagner, Zdenek, Wang, Sheng-Hsiang, Weinhold, Kay, Weller, Rolf, Yela, Margarita, Zdimal, Vladimir, Laj, Paolo, Rose, Clémence, Collaud Coen, Martine, Andrews, Elisabeth, Lin, Yong, Bossert, Isaline, Lund Myhre, Cathrine, Tuch, Thomas, Wiedensohler, Alfred, Fiebig, Markus, Aalto, Pasi, Alastuey, Andrés, Alonso-Blanco, Elisabeth, Andrade, Marcos, Artíñano, Begoña, Arsov, Todor, Baltensperger, Urs, Bastian, Susanne, Bath, Olaf, Beukes, Johan Paul, Brem, Benjamin T, Bukowiecki, Nicolas, Casquero-Vera, Juan Andrés, Conil, Sébastien, Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos, Favez, Olivier, Flentje, Harald, Gini, Maria I, Gómez-Moreno, Francisco Javier, Gysel-Beer, Martin, Hallar, Anna Gannet, Kalapov, Ivo, Kalivitis, Nikos, Kasper-Giebl, Anne, Keywood, Melita, Kim, Jeong Eun, Kim, Sang-Woo, Kristensson, Adam, Kulmala, Markku, Lihavainen, Heikki, Lin, Neng-Huei, Lyamani, Hassan, Marinoni, Angela, Martins Dos Santos, Sebastiao, Mayol-Bracero, Olga L, Meinhardt, Frank, Merkel, Maik, Metzger, Jean-Marc, Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos, Ondracek, Jakub, Pandolfi, Marco, Pérez, Noemi, Petäjä, Tuukka, Petit, Jean-Eudes, Picard, David, Pichon, Jean-Marc, Pont, Veronique, Putaud, Jean-Philippe, Reisen, Fabienne, Sellegri, Karine, Sharma, Sangeeta, Schauer, Gerhard, Sheridan, Patrick, Sherman, James Patrick, Schwerin, Andreas, Sohmer, Ralf, Sorribas, Mar, Sun, Junying, Tulet, Pierre, Vakkari, Ville, van Zyl, Pieter Gideon, Velarde, Fernando, Villani, Paolo, Vratolis, Stergios, Wagner, Zdenek, Wang, Sheng-Hsiang, Weinhold, Kay, Weller, Rolf, Yela, Margarita, Zdimal, Vladimir, and Laj, Paolo
Abstract: Abstract. Aerosol particles are a complex component of the atmospheric system which influence climate directly by interacting with solar radiation, and indirectly by contributing to cloud formation. The variety of their sources, as well as the multiple transformations they may undergo during their transport (including wet and dry deposition), result in significant spatial and temporal variability of their properties. Documenting this variability is essential to provide a proper representation of aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in climate models. Using measurements conducted in 2016 or 2017 at 62 ground-based stations around the world, this study provides the most up-to-date picture of the spatial distribution of particle number concentration (Ntot) and number size distribution (PNSD, from 39 sites). A sensitivity study was first performed to assess the impact of data availability on Ntot's annual and seasonal statistics, as well as on the analysis of its diel cycle. Thresholds of 50 % and 60 % were set at the seasonal and annual scale, respectively, for the study of the corresponding statistics, and a slightly higher coverage (75 %) was required to document the diel cycle. Although some observations are common to a majority of sites, the variety of environments characterizing these stations made it possible to highlight contrasting findings, which, among other factors, seem to be significantly related to the level of anthropogenic influence. The concentrations measured at polar sites are the lowest (∼ 102 cm−3) and show a clear seasonality, which is also visible in the shape of the PNSD, while diel cycles are in general less evident, due notably to the absence of a regular day–night cycle in some seasons. In contrast, the concentrations characteristic of urban environments are the highest (∼ 103–104 cm−3) and do not show pronounced seasonal variations, whereas diel cycles tend to be very regular over the year at these stations. The remaining sit
Published: 2021

41. Tropospheric and stratospheric NO retrieved from ground-based FTIR measurements

Author: Zhou, Minqiang, primary, Langerock, Bavo, additional, Vigouroux, Corinne, additional, Dils, Bart, additional, Hermans, Christian, additional, Kumps, Nicolas, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Mahieu, Emmanuel, additional, Wang, Pucai, additional, and De Mazière, Martine, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

42. Validation of Methane and Carbon Monoxide from Sentinel-5 Precursor using TCCON and NDACC-IRWG stations

Author: Sha, Mahesh Kumar, primary, Langerock, Bavo, additional, Blavier, Jean-François L., additional, Blumenstock, Thomas, additional, Borsdorff, Tobias, additional, Buschmann, Matthias, additional, Dehn, Angelika, additional, De Mazière, Martine, additional, Deutscher, Nicholas M., additional, Feist, Dietrich G., additional, García, Omaira E., additional, Griffith, David W. T., additional, Grutter, Michel, additional, Hannigan, James W., additional, Hase, Frank, additional, Heikkinen, Pauli, additional, Hermans, Christian, additional, Iraci, Laura T., additional, Jeseck, Pascal, additional, Jones, Nicholas, additional, Kivi, Rigel, additional, Kumps, Nicolas, additional, Landgraf, Jochen, additional, Lorente, Alba, additional, Mahieu, Emmanuel, additional, Makarova, Maria V., additional, Mellqvist, Johan, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Morino, Isamu, additional, Nagahama, Tomoo, additional, Notholt, Justus, additional, Ohyama, Hirofumi, additional, Ortega, Ivan, additional, Palm, Mathias, additional, Petri, Christof, additional, Pollard, David F., additional, Rettinger, Markus, additional, Robinson, John, additional, Roche, Sébastien, additional, Roehl, Coleen M., additional, Röhling, Amelie N., additional, Rousogenous, Constantina, additional, Schneider, Matthias, additional, Shiomi, Kei, additional, Smale, Dan, additional, Stremme, Wolfgang, additional, Strong, Kimberly, additional, Sussmann, Ralf, additional, Té, Yao, additional, Uchino, Osamu, additional, Velazco, Voltaire A., additional, Vrekoussis, Mihalis, additional, Wang, Pucai, additional, Warneke, Thorsten, additional, Wizenberg, Tyler, additional, Wunch, Debra, additional, Yamanouchi, Shoma, additional, Yang, Yang, additional, and Zhou, Minqiang, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

43. Investigation of several proxies to estimate sulfuric acid concentration under volcanic plume conditions

Author: Rose, Clémence, primary, Rissanen, Matti P., additional, Iyer, Siddharth, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Yan, Chao, additional, Nowak, John B., additional, Colomb, Aurélie, additional, Dupuy, Régis, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Lampilahti, Janne, additional, Tham, Yee Jun, additional, Wimmer, Daniela, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Tulet, Pierre, additional, Brioude, Jérôme, additional, Planche, Céline, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, and Sellegri, Karine, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

44. Evidence of in Situ Cirrus Formation in the Tropical Tropopause Layer over the Southwestern Indian Ocean

Author: Evan, Stephanie, primary, Reinares Martinez, Irene, additional, Wienhold, Frank G., additional, Brioude, Jerome, additional, Jensen, Eric J., additional, Thornberry, Troy D., additional, Heron, Damien, additional, Verreyken, Bert, additional, Korner, Susanne, additional, Vomel, Holger, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, and Posny, Françoise, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

45. Variability of the aerosol content in the tropical lower stratosphere from 2013 to 2019 as influenced by moderate volcanic eruptions

Author: Tidiga, Mariam, primary, Berthet, Gwenaël, additional, Jegou, Fabrice, additional, Bossolasco, Adriana, additional, Kloss, Corinna, additional, Bègue, Nelson, additional, Renard, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Vernier, Jean-Paul, additional, Clarisse, Lieven, additional, Taha, Ghassan, additional, Portafaix, Thierry, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, and Payen, Guillaume, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

46. Diurnal and seasonal variability in VOC composition at the remote tropical high-altitude Maïdo observatory (21.1°S, 54.4°E, 2160 m altitude)

Author: Verreyken, Bert, primary, Amelynck, Crist, additional, Schoon, Niels, additional, Müller, Jean-François, additional, Brioude, Jérôme, additional, Kumps, Nicolas, additional, Hermans, Christian, additional, Metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, and Stavrakou, Trissevgeni, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

47. Aerosol characterization in an oceanic context around Reunion island (AEROMARINE field campaign)

Author: Mascaut, Faustine, primary, Pujol, Olivier, additional, Brioude, Jérôme, additional, Verreyken, Bert, additional, Peroni, Raphaël, additional, Blarel, Luc, additional, Podvin, Thierry, additional, metzger, Jean-Marc, additional, Sellegri, Karine, additional, and Goloub, Philippe, additional
Published: 2021
Full Text: View/download PDF

48. Solar UV Radiation in the Tropics: Human Exposure at Reunion Island (21° S, 55° E) during Summer Outdoor Activities

Author: Cadet, Jean-Maurice, Bencherif, Hassan, Cadet, Nicolas, Lamy, Kévin, Portafaix, Thierry, Belus, Matthias, Brogniez, Colette, Auriol, Frédérique, Metzger, Jean-Marc, Wright, Caradee, Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN), Université de La Réunion - Faculté de Lettres et Sciences humaines (UR FLSH), Université de La Réunion (UR), Conseil Régional de La Réunion, Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Medical Research Council [South African], This research was funded jointly by the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) and the NRF (National Research Foundation) in the framework of the IRP ARSAIO and by the South Africa/France PROTEA Program (project No 42470VA). CYW receives funding from the South African Medical Research Council and the National Research Foundation. This research is also part of the activities of the UV-Indien program, which funded some of the materials used in this study. UV-Indien Network is funded jointly by European cooperation programme PO InterregV and Regional Council of Reunion Island., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, University of KwaZulu-Natal [Durban, Afrique du Sud] (UKZN), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ultraviolet Rays, solar UV radiation, lcsh:R, mountain, hike, lcsh:Medicine, Environmental Exposure, human health, Article, tropics, UV exposure, volcano, Solar Energy, Sunlight, Humans, Recreation, beach, Seasons, Reunion
Abstract: Reunion Island is a popular tourist destination with sandy beaches, an active volcano (Piton de la Fournaise), and Piton des Neiges, the highest and most dominant geological feature on the island. Reunion is known to have high levels of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) with an ultraviolet index (UVI) which can reach 8 in winter and 16 in summer (climatological conditions). UVR has been linked to skin cancer, melanoma, and eye disease such as cataracts. The World Health Organization (WHO) devised the UVI as a tool for expressing UVR intensity. Thresholds ranging from low (UVI 1&ndash, 2) to extreme (UVI &gt, 11) were defined depending on the risk to human health. The purpose of the study was to assess UVR exposure levels over three of the busiest tourist sites on the island. UVR was measured over several hours along popular hiking trails around Piton de la Fournaise (PDF), Piton des Neiges (PDN), and St-Leu Beach (LEU). The results were compared with those recorded by the local UV station at Saint-Denis. In addition, cumulative standard erythemal dose (SED) was calculated. Results showed that UVI exposure at PDF, PDN, and LEU were extreme (&gt, 11) and reached maximum UVI levels of 21.1, 22.5, and 14.5, respectively. Cumulative SEDs were multiple times higher than the thresholds established by the Fitzpatrick skin phototype classification. UVI measurements at the three study sites showed that Reunion Island is exposed to extreme UVR conditions. Public awareness campaigns are needed to inform the population of the health risks related to UVR exposure.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

49. Ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) O3 retrievals from the 3040 cm−1 spectral range at Xianghe, China

Author: Zhou, Minqiang, Wang, Pucai, Langerock, Bavo, Vigouroux, Corinne, Hermans, Christian, Kumps, Nicolas, Wang, Ting, Yang, Yang, Ji, Denghui, Ran, Liang, Zhang, Jinqiang, Xuan, Yuejian, Chen, Hongbin, Posny, Françoise, Duflot, Valentin, Metzger, Jean-Marc, De Mazière, Martine, Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de La Réunion (OSU-Réunion), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and This research has been supported by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (contracts nos. CAMS-84 and CAMS-27) and National funding (grant no. 0INFRARED), the National Key R&D Program of China (grant nos. 2017YFB0504000 and 2017YFC1501701) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 41975035).
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract: International audience; Abstract. In this study, we present O3 retrievals from ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) solar absorption measurements between June 2018 and December 2019 at Xianghe, China (39.75∘ N, 116.96∘ E). The FTIR spectrometer at Xianghe is operated with indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) and indium antimonide (InSb) detectors, recording the spectra between 1800 and 11 000 cm−1. As the harmonized FTIR O3 retrieval strategy (Vigouroux et al., 2015) within the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) uses the 1000 cm−1 spectral range, we apply the O3 retrieval in the 3040 cm−1 spectral range at Xianghe. The retrieved O3 profile is mainly sensitive to the vertical range between 10 and 40 km, and the degrees of freedom for signal is 2.4±0.3 (1σ), indicating that there are two individual pieces of information in partial columns between the surface and 20 km and between 20 and 40 km. According to the optimal estimation method, the systematic and random uncertainties of the FTIR O3 total columns are about 13.6 % and 1.4 %, respectively. The random uncertainty is consistent with the observed daily standard deviation of the FTIR retrievals. To validate the FTIR O3 total and partial columns, we apply the same O3 retrieval strategy at Maïdo, Réunion (a.k.a. Reunion Island; 21.08∘ N, 55.38∘ E). The FTIR O3 (3040 cm−1) measurements at Xianghe and Maïdo are then compared with the nearby ozonesondes at Beijing (39.81∘ N, 116.47∘ E) and at Gillot (20.89∘ S, 55.53∘ E), respectively, as well as with co-located TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) satellite measurements at both sites. In addition at Maïdo, we compare the FTIR O3 (3040 cm−1) retrievals with the standard NDACC FTIR O3 measurements using the 1000 cm−1 spectral range. It was found that the total columns retrieved from the FTIR O3 3040 cm−1 measurements are underestimated by 5.5 %–9.0 %, which is mainly due to the systematic uncertainty in the partial column between 20 and 40 km (about −10.4 %). The systematic uncertainty in the partial column between surface and 20 km is relatively small (within 2.4 %). By comparison with other measurements, it was found that the FTIR O3 (3040 cm−1) retrievals capture the seasonal and synoptic variations of the O3 total and two partial columns very well. Therefore, the ongoing FTIR measurements at Xianghe can provide useful information on the O3 variations and (in the future) long-term trends.
Published: 2020

50. Impact of convection on the upper-tropospheric composition (water vapor and ozone) over a subtropical site (Réunion island; 21.1° S, 55.5° E) in the Indian Ocean

Author: Héron, Damien, Evan, Stéphanie, Brioude, Jérôme, Rosenlof, Karen, Posny, Françoise, Metzger, Jean-Marc, and Cammas, Jean-Pierre
Abstract: Observations of ozonesonde measurements of the NDACC/SHADOZ (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change and the Southern Hemisphere ADditional OZonesondes) program and humidity profiles from the daily Météo-France radiosondes at Réunion island (21.1∘ S, 55.5∘ E) from November 2013 to April 2016 were analyzed to identify the origin of wet upper-tropospheric air masses with low ozone mixing ratio observed above the island, located in the southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO). A seasonal variability in hydration events in the upper troposphere was found and linked to the convective activity within the SWIO basin. In the upper troposphere, ozone mixing ratios were lower (mean of 57 ppbv) in humid air masses (RH > 50 %) compared to the background mean ozone mixing ratio (73.8 ppbv). A convective signature was identified in the ozone profile dataset by studying the probability of occurrence of different ozone thresholds. It was found that ozone mixing ratios lower than 45 to 50 ppbv had a local maximum of occurrence between 10 and 13 km in altitude, indicative of the mean level of convective outflow. Combining FLEXPART Lagrangian back trajectories with METEOSAT-7 infrared brightness temperature products, we established the origin of convective influence on the upper troposphere above Réunion island. It has been found that the upper troposphere above Réunion island is impacted by convective outflows in austral summer. Most of the time, deep convection is not observed in the direct vicinity of the island, but it is observed more than 1000 km away from the island, in the tropics, either from tropical storms or the Intertropical Convection Zone (ITCZ). In November and December, the air masses above Réunion island originate, on average, from central Africa and the Mozambique Channel. During January and February the source region is the northeast of Mozambique and Madagascar. Those results improve our understanding of the impact of the ITCZ and tropical cyclones on the hydration of the upper troposphere in the subtropics in the SWIO.
Published: 2020

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Publication Type

Journal

Region

Database

Publisher

275 results on '"Metzger, Jean-Marc"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources